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32-703: Bolton Abbey Estate in Wharfedale , North Yorkshire , England, takes its name from a 12th-century Augustinian monastery of canons regular , now known as Bolton Priory . The priory, which was closed in the 1539 Dissolution of the Monasteries ordered by King Henry VIII , is in the Yorkshire Dales , which lies next to the village of Bolton Abbey . The estate is open to visitors, and includes many miles of all-weather walking routes. The Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway terminates at Bolton Abbey station one and

64-447: A Cabinet meeting on peace terms, Devonshire declined, claiming he had inadequate knowledge of the subject. On 28 October, travelling from Kew to London, the King overtook Devonshire and Newcastle's coach in the belief that the two dukes were plotting and that Devonshire was coming to tender his resignation. He was in fact passing through London to Chatsworth and had come to give his leave to

96-782: A church today, holding services on Sundays and religious holidays. Bolton Abbey churchyard contains the war grave of a Royal Flying Corps officer of the First World War . The churchyard also has the grave of cricketer Fred Trueman . The Domesday Book lists Bolton Abbey as the caput manor of a multiple estate including 77 carucates of ploughland (around 9240 acres/3850 ha) belonging to Edwin, Earl of Mercia . The estate then comprised Bolton Abbey, Halton East , Embsay , Draughton ; Skibeden, Skipton , Low Snaygill , Thorlby ; Addingham , Beamsley , Holme, Gargrave ; Stainton, Otterburn , Scosthrop , Malham , Anley; Coniston Cold , Hellifield and Hanlith . They were all laid waste in

128-513: A drawing 'Bolton Abbey' alongside stars of the day at the Royal Northern Festival of Arts, Leeds. When first discovered by Jane Sellars and Christine Alexander in 1994, it was thought based on Turner's view of 1809, but further research, and detail of a drifting heron relates the drawing more closely to Landseer's oil-sketch of the same scene, which shows a heron drifting toward Charlotte's reciprocal bird, as if to embrace. Landseer's sketch

160-540: A half miles/2.5 km from Bolton Priory. The monastery was founded at Embsay in 1120. Led by a prior , Bolton Abbey was technically a priory , despite its name. It was founded in 1154 by the Augustinian order, on the banks of the River Wharfe . The land at Bolton, as well as other resources, were given to the order by Lady Alice de Romille of Skipton Castle in 1154. In the early 14th century Scottish raiders caused

192-526: A marine fossil quarry. The estate encompasses 8 miles (13 km) of river, 84 farms, 84 buildings of architectural interest, and four Grade I listed buildings; and is currently home to 27 businesses from tearooms to bookshops. The iconic stepping stones cross the River Wharfe near the Abbey ruins. The estate includes extensive grouse moors , including Barden Moor on the west side of Wharfedale and Barden Fell on

224-510: A marked gap in the ranks" of the opposition and "effectively destroyed a generation in the 'Old Whig' leadership". Gerald Howat summed up Devonshire's life: Devonshire had been a moderate among men of great political passion. If scarcely a spectator in the play of events, he had never bestrode the stage. His death, coming just after those of Hardwicke and Legge, deprived the Whigs of three material men. Given health, he might have returned to office in

256-606: A painting by Edwin Landseer and several watercolours by J. M. W. Turner one of which, Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire (1809), is held at the British Museum. The young Brontë sisters are believed to have visited the estate while Landseer was in residence. (Researching for his painting Bolton Abbey in Olden Times , the young authors were escorted on an exclusive guided tour by an unnamed 'E'.) The following year Charlotte Brontë exhibited

288-634: A route called the Valley of Desolation, lead up to the moors. Access to the moors may be closed to the public during the shooting season. Bolton Abbey Hall , originally the gatehouse of the priory, was converted into a house by the Cavendish family. The hall is a Grade II* listed building. As well as Bolton Abbey, the Cavendish family also own the Chatsworth (Derbyshire, England) and Lismore Castle (Waterford, in

320-605: A variety of reasons including the opposition of George II and the alleged mishandling of the trial and execution of Admiral John Byng . It was replaced by the Pitt–Newcastle ministry headed by the Duke of Newcastle and including Pitt, Henry Fox and the Duke of Bedford . This government steered Britain through most of the Seven Years' War leading the country to ultimate victory. Devonshire

352-602: A weak constitution and he gradually grew more ill during these years. He ultimately died in the Austrian Netherlands where he had gone to take the waters at Spa . His death was a large political loss to his allies, the Whig magnates such as the Duke of Newcastle. Dying at the age of 44 years and 147 days, he remains the shortest lived British Prime Minister. Devonshire was buried at Derby Cathedral . He married Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Boyle , 6th Baroness Clifford (1731–1754),

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384-519: The Dukes of Devonshire , until a trust was set up by the 11th Duke of Devonshire turning it over to the Chatsworth Settlement Trustees to steward. Today, the 33,000 acre (134 km) estate contains six areas designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest , including Strid Wood, an ancient woodland (mainly oak), which contains the length of the River Wharfe known as The Strid, and

416-627: The Harrying of the North after the defeat of the rebellion of Edwin, Earl of Mercia and classified as the Clamores (disputed land) of Yorkshire until around 1090, when they were transferred to Robert de Romille , who moved its administrative centre to Skipton Castle . The Romille line died out around 1310, and Edward II granted the estates to Robert Clifford . In 1748 Baroness Clifford married William Cavendish and Bolton Abbey Estate thereafter belonged to

448-472: The Crown's restless pursuit of ministers up to 1770. He had been a man with a concern for king and country. He died the acknowledged leader of the Whigs. Karl Wolfgang Schweizer says of Devonshire: Devonshire was a man of solid if not outstanding abilities. He was endowed with the qualities—devotion to friends and duty, patriotism, and unswerving integrity—which made him the ideal sounding board and factotum among

480-633: The Dissolution of the Monasteries resulted in the termination of the priory in January 1540. The east end remains in ruins. A tower, begun in 1520, was left half-standing, and its base was later given a bell-turret and converted into an entrance porch. Most of the remaining church is in the Gothic style of architecture, but more work was done in the Victorian era , including windows by August Pugin . It still functions as

512-843: The House of Commons for the House of Lords by writ of acceleration as Baron Cavendish and joining the Privy Council . Devonshire supported the Duke of Newcastle after Henry Pelham's death in 1754 and was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 2 April 1755 until 3 January 1757 in Newcastle's administration. In April 1755 Devonshire was one of the Lords Justices of the realm upon the King's absence in Hanover. Devonshire succeeded his father as Duke of Devonshire in December 1755 after his death. The Seven Years' War

544-458: The King personally struck out Devonshire's name from the list of Privy Councillors. In the opinion of one of his biographers, John Brooke , "Few things in King George III's long life show him in so poor a light". Devonshire resigned his Lord Lieutenancy of Derbyshire in solidarity with Newcastle and Rockingham when they were dismissed from their Lord Lieutenancies. For a long time he had

576-517: The King. When Devonshire arrived, George III refused to see him, as he later wrote: "I ordered the page to tell him I would not see him, on which he bid him ask me with whom he should leave his wand...I said he would receive my orders...On the Duke of Devonshire's going away he said to the page, God bless you, it will be very long before you see me here again At a meeting of the Privy Council four days later

608-569: The Republic of Ireland) estates. In the early nineteenth century, a cow known as the Craven Heifer was bred on the Bolton Abbey estate. Weighing 312 stones (1.98 tonnes), and measuring 11 ft 4ins in length and over 7 ft in height, she remains to this day Britain's largest ever cow. The Priory Church of St. Mary and St. Cuthbert, Bolton Abbey, is an active Church of England church, serving

640-531: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.151 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 381222784 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:37:55 GMT William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire , (8 May 1720 – 2 October 1764), styled Lord Cavendish before 1729, and Marquess of Hartington between 1729 and 1755,

672-873: The daughter and heiress of Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington of the first creation, a famous architect and art collector and Lady Dorothy Saville . The wedding was held at Carlton House, the then residence of the Dowager Lady Burlington, situated between St James' Park and Pall Mall, by special licence on the 28 March, 1748. Through Charlotte, the Devonshires inherited Chiswick House and Burlington House in London; Bolton Abbey and Londesborough Hall in Yorkshire; and Lismore Castle in County Waterford , Ireland . The Duke employed Capability Brown to landscape

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704-464: The east side of the dale. There is also a pheasant shoot . Apart from people employed within these businesses, the estate employs about 120 staff to work on the upkeep of the estate. Much of the estate is open to the public. A charge is made for car parking. The Dales Way passes through the estate on a permissive path . Barden Moor and Barden Fell, which includes the prominent crag of Simon's Seat , are on access land , and permissive paths, including

736-407: The garden and park at Chatsworth House , his main residence. He hired James Paine to design the new stable block. The Duke had four children: Horace Walpole described Devonshire as possessing "an impatience to do everything, and a fear to do anything, he was always in a hurry to do nothing". Paul Langford said Devonshire was "eminently sensible and highly respected", and that his death "left

768-563: The temporary abandonment of the site and serious structural damage to the priory. The seal of the priory featured the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child and the phrase sigillum sancte Marie de Bolton . The nave of the abbey church was in use as a parish church from about 1170 onwards, and survived the Dissolution of the Monasteries . Building work was still going on at the abbey when

800-548: The village and parish of Bolton Abbey, with a full calendar of liturgical events, and a full-time rector who lives in the adjacent Rectory. The current church is the surviving part of the otherwise ruined 12th-century Augustinian religious community originally known as Bolton. It is situated in the Yorkshire Dales National Park , within the Bolton Abbey estate. The views and setting of the priory's remains have been immortalised in painting and poetry. Most notably

832-506: Was Lord Chamberlain in Newcastle's government (with a seat in the inner Cabinet) and his relations with him were close. George II died in October 1760 and was succeeded by his grandson George III , who was suspicious of Devonshire and Newcastle. When Newcastle resigned in May 1762 Devonshire said that he would rarely attend Lord Bute's councils. When, in October, George III requested that he attend

864-687: Was "our mainstay among the young ones, of themselves liable to wander". Horace Walpole described him as "a favourite by descent of the Old Whigs" and as "errant [a] bigot to the Pelham faction as ever Jacques Clément was to the Jesuits". He had been offered the post of governor to the Prince of Wales but he declined. Pelham appointed him Master of the Horse , a post he held until 1755 and which necessitated his leaving

896-447: Was a British Whig statesman and nobleman who was briefly nominal Prime Minister of Great Britain . He was the first son of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire and his wife, Catherine Hoskins . He is also a great-great-great-great-great-grandfather of King Charles III through the king's maternal great-grandmother . The eldest of four sons of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire , and Catherine née  Hoskins , he

928-516: Was baptised on 1 June 1720 at St Martin's-in-the-Fields in London. He was possibly educated privately at home before going on a grand tour in France and Italy, accompanied by his tutor, in 1739-40. He was elected MP for Derbyshire in 1741 and 1747. Devonshire was a supporter of Sir Robert Walpole and, after Walpole's fall from power, of the Pelhams. Henry Pelham wrote to Devonshire's father that he

960-577: Was given the Garter and appointed First Lord of the Treasury (most historians consider him prime minister during this service) in November 1756, and he served as First Lord until May 1757 in an administration effectively run by William Pitt . Devonshire's administration secured increased money for the war, troops were sent to America and a Militia Act was passed. The administration was eventually brought down for

992-419: Was going badly for Britain under the leadership of the Duke of Newcastle and when he resigned in October 1756, George II eventually asked Devonshire to form an administration. Devonshire accepted on the condition that his tenure would last only until the end of the parliamentary session. Devonshire believed his duty to the King required an administration capable of prosecuting the war successfully. Devonshire

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1024-454: Was never exhibited or reproduced, it reiterates therefore that the Brontës met the influential artist in 1833. William Wordsworth's poem The White Doe of Rylstone was inspired by a visit to Bolton Abbey in 1807. 53°58′57″N 1°53′14″W  /  53.98250°N 1.88722°W  / 53.98250; -1.88722 Wharfedale Too Many Requests If you report this error to

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