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45-558: Blue Notes may refer to: Music groups [ edit ] The Blue Notes , a South African jazz band Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes , an American soul and R&B vocal group The Bluenotes , a 1950s vocal group from North Carolina Bluenotes (Neil Young band) , later renamed Ten Men Workin' Blue Notes, later Merced Blue Notes, an American rock and roll group formed by Roddy Jackson Other uses [ edit ] Bluenotes ,

90-524: A Baroque altarpiece and life-sized wooden carving of Christ's death from 1447. This large villa, set in "a forest" at the tip of the Cap d'Antibes peninsula, re-creates a 19th-century château. Since 1870 (then called Villa Soleil) the glamorous white-walled Hôtel du Cap on the French Riviera has been one of the most storied and luxurious resorts in the world. Guests who flocked there included Marlene Dietrich ,

135-584: A Canadian apparel retailer Blue Notes (album) , by Johnny Hodges, 1966 See also [ edit ] Blue note (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Blue Notes . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Notes&oldid=1257194838 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

180-496: A massive influence. However, by late 1965 the group was also beginning to fragment. Feza returned to Copenhagen, while Dyani and Moholo-Moholo went on a South American tour with the soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy – subsequently recording the album The Forest and the Zoo for the ESP-Disk label. Meanwhile, Moyake had decided to return to South Africa permanently even before their arrival in

225-416: A minimum temperature below −10 °C (14.0 °F), no days per year with a maximum temperature below 0 °C (32.0 °F), and 28.2 days per year with a maximum temperature above 30 °C (86.0 °F). The record high temperature was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) on 17 July 2003 and 1 August 2006, while the record low temperature was −4.4 °C (24.1 °F) on 1 March 2005. The Antibes station

270-518: A month after McGregor. Of the definitive line-up, only Louis Moholo-Moholo is still alive. He has participated in a huge number of recordings with such musicians as Cecil Taylor , Evan Parker and Stan Tracey . He has now returned to live in South Africa, but continues to tour with different groups. He formed the Dedication Orchestra, a big band of all-star improvisors dedicated to playing

315-518: A noteworthy jazz band in the international halls of fame. They were once one of the most popular jazz bands in the country, often defying the tyrannical race laws of the country in order to perform." Author and photographer Val Wilmer recalled that the Blue Notes "literally upturned the London jazz scene, helping to create an exciting climate in which other young players could develop their own ideas about musical freedom." Pianist Keith Tippett stated: "I

360-518: A number of great musicians, including Don Cherry and Mal Waldron . Dyani died in 1986, prompting another reunion of the surviving Blue Notes to record Blue Notes for Johnny . Chris McGregor kept his Brotherhood of Breath going in various forms until his death in 1990. He had been a resident of France since the early 1970s. Dudu Pukwana continued to make records in Britain, both under his own leadership and with McGregor. Pukwana died in 1990, only

405-634: A resolve to live life to the full." Marcus Wyatt launched the Blue Notes Tribute Orkestra in 2017 to bring greater recognition to the music of The Blue Notes. Antibes Antibes ( / ɒ̃ ˈ t iː b / , US also / ɑː n ˈ t iː b z / , French: [ɑ̃tib] ; Occitan : Antíbol [anˈtibu] ) is a seaside city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in Southeastern France. It

450-524: A revolt against the Austrian garrison at Genoa , obliged Browne to lift the siege on 1 February 1747, but by that point his guns had levelled 350 houses and also destroyed the cathedral again. The latter was subsequently rebuilt by Louis XV of France , and this version of the building is the one that has survived to the present day. On 1 March 1815, Napoléon Bonaparte landed on the beach at Golfe-Juan , 5 km southwest of Antibes, having escaped exile on

495-410: A variety of performances from orchestra music to dramatic plays. Music of all types, from live jazz to DJs spinning techno, can be found in the bars and nightclubs and there are a number of festivals and special outdoor concerts during the summer. Jazz is still the speciality around here. M83 (an electronic band) hails from Antibes. Antibes and Juan les Pins host a number of festivals, mainly during

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540-548: Is an important part of the local culture; the town hosts the National Training Centre for basketball. The now demolished Jean Bunoz Sports Hall hosted several games of the 1999 FIBA EuroBasket . The city is home to Olympique Antibes , a professional basketball team of France's top division LNB Pro A , which plays its home games at the Azur Arena Antibes . The local football team is FC Antibes , who play at

585-570: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages The Blue Notes Although the band was initially based in Cape Town (five of the group's six members came from the Eastern Cape ), they came to prominence at the 1963 National Jazz Festival in Johannesburg . An album recorded after the festival was released as Jazz – The African Sound , but this

630-502: Is located on the French Riviera between Cannes and Nice ; its cape, the Cap d'Antibes, along with Cap Ferrat to the northeast, is one of the best known landforms in the area. The capes house the Hôtel du Cap-Eden-Roc and Grand-Hôtel du Cap-Ferrat respectively, widely considered two of the most exclusive hotels in the world. The town of Juan-les-Pins is in the commune of Antibes;

675-491: The Duke and Duchess of Windsor and Winston Churchill . Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton conducted an affair and honeymooned there. There are many yachting harbours which provide moorings for a range of ships ranging from fishing vessels to full sized yachts. Antibes enjoys a Mediterranean climate . On average, it experiences 7.9 days per year with a minimum temperature below 0 °C (32.0 °F), no days per year with

720-557: The Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles and from 1033 the Holy Roman Empire . In the tenth century the coastal areas of Provence were menaced by ' Saracen ' raiders from Muslim Spain , who were finally driven out when Count William I of Provence captured their stronghold at Fraxinetum in 975. William rewarded the knights who had fought for him in this campaign by enfeoffing them with the liberated lands in southern Provence. One of these knights

765-529: The Sophia Antipolis technology park is northwest of it. In 2020, the commune had a population of 74,709, making it Alpes-Maritimes's second-most populated. Traces of occupation dating back to the early Iron Age have been found in the areas of the castle and cathedral . Remains beneath the Holy Spirit Chapel show there was an indigenous community with ties with Mediterranean populations, including

810-576: The South African Broadcasting Corporation . These recordings were finally released in 2002 by the Proper Music label, on a CD entitled Township Bop . It showed the band to be playing in a relatively straight ahead bebop style compared with their later work, also tracing the coming together of the definitive sextet. On the earliest sessions, only three members of the definitive line up (McGregor, Pukwana and Moyake) were present. By

855-683: The Stade du Fort Carré , best known for when it hosted one game of the 1938 World Cup , between Sweden and Cuba . The town is also home to the Antibes 6 Day Race and the Antibes Yacht Show. The town has various athletic associations and host a fair in September at Fort Carré that allows residents to meet the various athletic associations and explore their offerings. The Théâtre Antibea, Théâtre des Heures Bleues and Café Théâtre la Scène sur Mer all offer

900-554: The 1964 Antibes Jazz Festival in France, the group decided stay in Europe. They spent some additional time in France before taking up club residencies in Zurich and Geneva , Switzerland for nearly a year. In April 1965, they played a short residency at Ronnie Scott 's Club in London, and decided to stay on in Britain. Unfortunately, their arrival coincided with a downturn in the fortunes of jazz in

945-675: The Etruscans, as evidenced by the presence of numerous underwater amphorae and wrecks off Antibes. However, most trade was with the Greek world, via the Phocaeans of Marseille. Antibes was founded as a Greek colony by Phocaeans from Massalia . They named it Antipolis ( Greek : Ἀντίπολις , lit.  "Opposite-City") from its position on the opposite side of the Var estuary from Nice ( Greek : Νίκαια ). Current research suggests that Antipolis

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990-635: The Grimaldi brothers (Marc in 1398 and Luc in 1409), control of the Lordship of Antibes passed to five co-heirs. As a result of this fragmentation of power, the actions of individual local lords became increasingly irrelevant to the town's history, with the higher authority of the Count of Provence assuming greater significance instead. With the death in 1481 of Count Charles III , Provence was inherited by King Louis XI of France and thereby annexed to France . As Antibes

1035-500: The Plage de la Salis. The Antibes Cathedral was first built by Bishop Armentarius in the fifth century. It was destroyed multiple times during its history, notably by Saracen pirates in 1124 and by Austrian bombardment during the 1746-7 Siege of Antibes . Its current façade dates to the rebuilding that followed the latter catastrophe, and blends Latin classical symmetry and religious fantasy. The interior houses some impressive pieces such as

1080-677: The UK, as recording and gigging opportunities began drying up. There is also the suspicion that they were deliberately frozen out of the British scene by established local musicians, who considered them interlopers. There soon followed a period playing in Copenhagen, Denmark which McGregor identified as a turning point in their musical approach. They returned to London and were subsequently to be found playing almost exclusively at The Old Place in Gerrard Street ,

1125-482: The UK. The first recording opportunity for the Blue Notes came about in 1968 for the Polydor label, produced by Joe Boyd . However, the resulting album, Very Urgent , was actually credited to "The Chris McGregor Group". Despite the pianist's star billing, this was very much a Blue Notes album with all the other members back in London and contributing. Compared to the 1964 South African recordings, this album demonstrated

1170-530: The area exported dried fruit , salt fish , and oil . By the First World War , it had been connected by rail with Nice and most of its fortifications had been demolished to make way for new residential districts. In 1926, the old Château Grimaldi was bought by the local municipality and later restored for use as a museum. Pablo Picasso came to the town in 1946, having visited his friend and fellow painter Gerald Murphy and his wife Sara there in 1923, and

1215-550: The construction of Fort Carré in 1550 to guard the town against any future attacks, and the citadel was later reinforced by the renowned French military engineer Vauban . In December 1746, during the War of the Austrian Succession , an Austro - Savoyard army under the command of Maximilian Ulysses Browne invaded France and besieged Antibes , subjecting the town to a heavy bombardment. The arrival of French reinforcements, and

1260-477: The core Blue Notes line up, would come to full fruition in the early 1970s. While Brotherhood of Breath essentially succeeded The Blue Notes, the old name was used on various projects during the 1970s. In the early 1970s, Pukwana, Feza and Moholo were also members of the afro-rock band Assagai . Nikele Moyake returned to South Africa in 1965. He died of a brain tumour a year later. His place in The Blue Notes

1305-517: The foot of the rock of Antibes, in today's old city. Traces of occupation in the Hellenistic period have been identified around the castle and the church (former cathedral). The Bishopric of Antibes was established c.450 by Pope Leo I , the first two bishops being Armentarius and Agroecius . The dust eventually settled to leave Antibes within the territory of the County of Provence , itself part of

1350-425: The former home of Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club which had recently been transformed into a virtual laboratory for the emerging British avant garde jazz scene. Because of this, they are still considered a seminal influence on the new generation of British jazz musicians coming through in the late 1960s. Artists such as Keith Tippett , Evan Parker , John Stevens and John Surman have long hailed them as true pioneers and

1395-449: The growth of their free jazz leanings. Another recording was made for Polydor the same year, but was not released until 2008 ( Up to Earth – Fledg'ling FLED 3069). Various combinations of the group recorded for the Ogun label subsequently. Around this time, McGregor began his Brotherhood of Breath big band project. This band, which essentially grew from the addition of British musicians to

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1440-562: The infant Count Louis II of Provence , was a supporter of Urban's enemy Antipope Clement VII . In 1383 Marie therefore confiscated the Lordship of Antibes from the Bishops of Grasse and two years later awarded it to the brothers Marc and Luc Grimaldi, of the Genoese House of Grimaldi . The new Grimaldi lords built the Château Grimaldi as their residence in the town. After the deaths of

1485-567: The island of Elba . He hoped for a warm welcome in Antibes, which had been supportive of his regime , but the townspeople closed their gates to him and he was therefore obliged to move on northward without stopping. He successfully reached Paris and seized power again, only to be conclusively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo . Today Golfe-Juan marks the beginning of the Route Napoléon , which traces

1530-631: The music of the South African exiles. His 2014 live album For the Blue Notes pays tribute to his former bandmates. On 21 September 2007, President Thabo Mbeki gave official recognition to the contribution of the Blue Notes to South African music by awarding the group the national Order of Ikhamanga in Silver. The citation for the award stated, in part: "Blue Notes goes back to a golden age in South Africa's musical history. The multiracial band's eclectic and uniquely South African rendition of jazz made them

1575-481: The path taken by the emperor on his return from exile. Under the Treaty of Turin (1860) , Nice was ceded to France by the new Kingdom of Italy , and Antibes therefore ceased to be a border town as the frontier moved 50 km eastward to Menton . Antibes was transferred from its former department of Var to the new one of Alpes Maritimes in 1860. The harbor was again used for a "considerable" fishing industry and

1620-465: The summer months. There's not much in the way of traditional cultural festivals in Antibes; most of the festivals focus on music and contemporary activities. There are 48 beaches along the 25 km (16 miles) of coastline that surround Antibes and Juan les Pins. The old lighthouse of Antibes provides views from its lofty hilltop. To get here, you must walk about one kilometre up the Chemin de Calvaire from

1665-561: The time of the last sessions, documented on Legacy: Live in South Afrika 1964 , Feza, Dyani and Moholo were on board. Like fellow South African jazz musicians Dollar Brand and Hugh Masekela , they understood that the only way they could play freely was by escaping the oppressive social and political climate of their home country. As a mixed-race band (McGregor the sole white member), they were especially prone to police harassment. In mid-1964, they left South Africa. After an appearance at

1710-671: The town over the following century, and in 1244 the Prince-Bishops of Antibes moved to Grasse to escape their depredations. They remained there for the next five centuries , despite an attempt to lure them back to Antibes by rebuilding the cathedral in 1250. When the Western Schism began in 1378, splitting the Catholic world between two rival popes, the Bishop of Grasse backed Pope Urban VI even though Marie de Blois , mother of and regent to

1755-512: Was a certain Rodoald, who became Lord of Antibes. Rodoald's great-grandson Raimbaud appears to have relocated inland to Grasse around 1050, and his descendants  [ fr ] sold the Lordship of Antibes to the bishopric during the episcopate of Bishop Bertrand (fl.1166-76). During this period Antibes was still being raided periodically by Saracen pirates, and in 1124 they burned down Antibes Cathedral . The marauders continued to prey on

1800-408: Was bowled over by these guys. There was an inherent freedom and flexibility in the playing, coupled with impressive technique and with a robust muscularity that I'd never heard live before." All About Jazz reviewer Chris May described the group's music as "exuberant jazz, often raucous, sometimes poignant," and noted: "Rising above the trauma that refugee status brings, the band's music... exhibited

1845-497: Was eventually taken by another South African, Ronnie Beer , who played on the Very Urgent session. Mongezi Feza played with Robert Wyatt , Elton Dean and Henry Cow among others, before his death in 1975 aged only 30. The other Blue Notes then regrouped to record Blue Notes for Mongezi as a tribute, on Ogun Records . Johnny Dyani moved to Denmark in the early 1970s, where he continued to play and record extensively with

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1890-406: Was founded relatively late in classical Greek period (4th century BC), to benefit from the protection of Marseille with its trade routes along the coast and strongholds like Olbia at Hyères , and trading posts such as Antipolis itself and later Nikaia; it is mentioned by Strabo . The exact location of the Greek city is not well known. Given Greek colonial practices, it is likely that it was set at

1935-589: Was in the far southeast of the County of Provence it therefore became the border town at France's southeastern extremity, guarding the frontier with the County of Nice , which was part of the Savoyard state . As such it was on the front line during the Italian Wars waged by France against Emperor Charles V , and was sacked in 1536 by Andrea Doria , a Genoese admiral in imperial service. Henry II of France therefore ordered

1980-550: Was invited to stay in the castle. During his six-month stay, Picasso painted and drew, as well as crafting ceramics and tapestries. When he departed, Picasso left a number of his works to the municipality. The castle has since become the Picasso Museum. On 25 May 1999, the town was the first in the department to sign the State Environment Charter, which pledges to actively conserve the natural environment. Sport

2025-477: Was not a Blue Notes record per se , it was rather an album featuring some of the Blue Notes in a big band put together by McGregor. This big band was intended to continue touring, but proved unworkable. Instead, The Blue Notes continued as a quintet, then sextet. Remaining in Johannesburg, they established a residency at the city's Downbeat club, but returned to Cape Town to make their first studio recordings for

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