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59-424: The LEP covered the towns of Aldridge , Bilston , Brownhills , Darlaston , Dudley , Halesowen , Oldbury , Smethwick , Stourbridge , Tipton , Walsall , Wednesbury , West Bromwich , Willenhall , and the city of Wolverhampton . The partnership was shared among Dudley Metropolitan Borough , Sandwell Metropolitan Borough , Walsall Metropolitan Borough and the city of Wolverhampton , which were also part of

118-769: A Joint Spatial Strategy we are extremely confident of our ability to deliver economic growth to communities in the Black Country. It is from these foundations that the Black Country will build a Local Enterprise Partnership. According to the Express and Star , "Since 2012 the Black Country Consortium hosted the Black Country Local Enterprise Partnership, and using the LEP as a conduit the consortium invested £430 million of LEP-awarded funding to help develop

177-597: A cricket and hockey club called "The Stick and Wicket", located on the green behind the parish church, St. Mary's , and the Masonic Hall. Aldridge Hockey Club merged with Walsall Hockey Club in 2011; it is now known as Aldridge & Walsall Hockey Club. Aldridge Sailing Club was formed in 1967 and is RYA-affiliated. Aldridge Rugby Football Club was formed in 1998 from an amalgamation of two established rugby clubs based in Birmingham: Witton and Old Centrals. The club

236-514: A group of volunteers and puts on a variety of plays throughout the year. A pantomime is usually staged in January. 425 (Aldridge) Squadron, part of Staffordshire Wing of the Air Training Corps , was formed in 1941 and currently occupies a purpose-built HQ close to the village centre. The Squadron is run by uniformed RAFVR(T) officers and ATC SNCO adult staff, assisted by civilian instructors and

295-502: A long, relatively cool calcining zone. Fuel consumption is in 4 to 4.5 MJ/kg range and the lime is typically medium burned. Rotary kilns started to be used for lime manufacture at the start of the 20th century and now account for a large proportion of new installations if energy costs are less important. The early use of simple rotary kilns had the advantages that a much wider range of limestone size could be used, from fines upwards, and undesirable elements such as sulfur can be removed. On

354-417: A padre. The 36th Walsall 1st Aldridge scout group is located on Middlemore Lane, opposite Anchor Meadow, and runs Beaver, Cub, Scout, and Explorer sections for boys aged 6 and upwards. The beavers are aged 6–8, cubs are aged 8–10/11, scouts are aged 11–14 and explorers are aged 14–18. The Methodist church is used by 1st Aldridge Girl guides as well as two brownie groups and a rainbow group. The rainbows group

413-476: A population of seven households; the Lord was Robert (d'Oilly) and the tenant-in-chief was William son of Ansculf . The name was recorded as Alrewich and Allerwych in the 12th century. Aldridge began as a small agricultural settlement, with farming being the most common occupation up until the 19th century. In the 1800s, Aldridge became an industrial town with coal mines and lime kilns . The coal and clay in

472-563: A result, farms continued to dominate the eastern part, though a sand quarry was set up and remains on Birch Lane. During the 20th century, modern shops were built in the centre of Aldridge, as well as council buildings. During the Second World War , the small Aldridge Airport was used for military planes. It was subsequently used for passenger services for a time. Aldridge became an urban district in Staffordshire in 1934. As well as

531-499: A tourist destination. The ruins of the lime kilns can still be seen today. A lime kiln also existed in Wool Bay , South Australia . The large kiln at Crindledykes near Haydon Bridge , Northumbria, was one of more than 300 in the county. It was unique to the area in having four draw arches to a single pot. As production was cut back, the two side arches were blocked up, but were restored in 1989 by English Heritage . The development of

590-601: A weekend away in February. The 33rd Walsall Scout group is based at Aldridge Methodist Church and holds Beavers, Cubs, and Scouts for boys and girls aged 6–14. The 49th Walsall Scout Group is the third Scout Group in Aldridge based at St Thomas's Church at the bottom of St Thomas Close, on the estate just off Lazy Hill Road and Greenwood Road. It also caters for boys and girls between the ages of 6 and 18. Air Chief Marshal Stuart William Peach, Baron Peach , GBE , KCB , ADC , DL

649-431: Is This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO 2 is 1 atmosphere ), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO 2 is 3.8 atmospheres ) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature

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708-610: Is a safe seat for the Conservative Party . Re-elected at the 2024 general election , the Member of Parliament (MP) is Wendy Morton , first elected in 2015 . Her predecessor, Sir Richard Shepherd , had held the seat since 1979 . Aldridge is made up of two council wards: Aldridge Central & South, and Aldridge North & Walsall Wood. There are three Conservative Councillors for Aldridge Central & South: Pard Kaur, Bobby Bains, and Tim Wilson. Aldridge North & Walsall Wood

767-458: Is also ancient, but agricultural use only became widely possible when the use of coal made it cheap in the coalfields in the late 13th century, and an account of agricultural use was given in 1523. The earliest descriptions of lime kilns differ little from those used for small-scale manufacture a century ago. Because land transportation of minerals like limestone and coal was difficult in the pre-industrial era, they were distributed by sea, and lime

826-561: Is also covered by three Conservative councilors: Keith Sears, Anthony Harris and Gary Clarke. Aldridge has several primary and secondary schools. The primary schools are Cooper and Jordan Church of England Primary School, Leighswood, St Mary of the Angels (Roman Catholic), and Whetstone Field. Redhouse Primary School closed in 2006. The secondary schools are Aldridge School and St Francis of Assisi Catholic College . In Aldridge, there are several factories with several large industrial estates in

885-653: Is also the second-largest town in the Walsall Borough (by population, after Walsall). The name "Aldridge" is derived from the Anglo-Saxon alr or alre + wīc meaning 'alder (tree) + village'. Another suggestion is that the name "Aldridge" means "outlying farm among alder-trees", from the Old English alor and wīc . It was recorded as Alrewic in the Domesday Book of 1086 when it was valued at 15 shillings and had

944-480: Is around 20 kWh per tonne of lime. This additional input is the equivalent of around 20 kg CO 2 per ton if the electricity is coal-generated. Thus, total emission may be around 1 tonne of CO 2 for every tonne of lime even in efficient industrial plants, but is typically 1.3 t/t. However, if the source of heat energy used in its manufacture is a fully renewable power source, such as solar, wind, hydro or even nuclear; there may be no net emission of CO 2 from

1003-674: Is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime. Slaked lime ( calcium hydroxide ) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water. Because it is so readily made by heating limestone, lime must have been known from the earliest times, and all the early civilizations used it in building mortars and as a stabilizer in mud renders and floors. According to finds at 'Ain Ghazal in Jordan, Yiftahel in Israel, and Abu Hureyra in Syria dating to 7500–6000 BCE,

1062-507: Is based on the former Old Centrals sports ground at Bourne Vale in Aldridge and plays in Midlands 5 West (North), fielding three senior sides. Aldridge Compass Suites (based at the Masonic Hall on the Green) is a venue for wedding receptions, christenings and other functions. The Aldridge Youth Theatre was officially opened by the actor Bernard Hepton and is located on Noddy Park Road. It is run by

1121-460: Is for girls aged 5–7, the brownies for girls aged 7–10, and guides aged 10–14. Older girls also take part and are known as the senior section. St. Mary's Parish Church has one of the largest church youth groups in the area. Around 90 young people, between the ages of 13 and 18, attend the group. The group also hosts an annual summer camp in Wales (in recent years attracting over 100 teenagers), as well as

1180-400: Is particularly corrosive. Equipment is installed to trap this dust, typically in the form of electrostatic precipitators or bag filters. The dust usually contains a high concentration of elements such as alkali metals , halogens and sulfur. The lime industry is a significant carbon dioxide emitter. The manufacture of one tonne of calcium oxide involves decomposing calcium carbonate, with

1239-410: Is the "primary" and B the "secondary" shaft, the combustion air is added from the top of shaft A, while fuel somewhat below via burner lances. The flame is top-bottom. The hot gases pass downward, cross to shaft B via the so-called "channel" and pass upward to exhaust of shaft B. At same time in both shafts cooling air is added from the bottom to cool the lime and to make exhaust of gases via the bottom of

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1298-520: The Black Country Living Museum which opened in 1976, although the kilns were last used during the 1920s. It is now among the last in a region which was dominated by coalmining and limestone mining for generations until the 1960s. The theoretical heat (the standard enthalpy ) of reaction required to make high-calcium lime is around 3.15 MJ per kg of lime, so the batch kilns were only around 20% efficient. The key to development in efficiency

1357-499: The County Borough of West Bromwich , Lichfield Rural District , Cannock Urban District, the County Borough of Walsall and the County Borough of Birmingham . On 1 April 1966 the parish was also abolished to form "Aldridge Brownhills", parts also went to Birmingham, Shenstone , Walsall and West Bromwich. In 1961 the parish had a population of 51,046. It then became part of an expanded Metropolitan Borough of Walsall in 1974. At

1416-568: The Wales national rugby union team , went to the Redhouse School in Aldridge. Swimmer Ellie Simmonds won two gold medals at both the 2008 and 2012 Paralympics . She attended Cooper and Jordan Primary School, then Aldridge School . Lime kiln A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone ( calcium carbonate ) to produce the form of lime called quicklime ( calcium oxide ). The chemical equation for this reaction

1475-476: The West Midlands Conurbation . In 2010, the Black Country Consortium submitted a rationale for a local enterprise partnership: The Black Country has well established, mature relationships between business, education and the four local authorities which have transcended changes in political leadership and enabled the Black Country to work collaboratively for a decade. With a strong evidence base, and

1534-409: The 2021 census, both wards of Aldridge North & Walsall Wood and Aldridge Central & South populations were both 13,157 and 13,739. When combined, that gives Aldridge a total population of 26,896. Of the findings, the ethnicity and religious composition of the wards separately were: The religious composition of both wards at the 2021 Census was recorded as: The Aldridge-Brownhills constituency

1593-572: The Black Country economy." Mayor Andy Street explained, "The Black Country LEP in particular was crucial in helping to begin to transform the Black Country thanks to their part in securing the Dudley Institute of Technology, the revamp of Junction 10 of the M6, and the growth of i9 in Wolverhampton - as well as supporting countless other projects and businesses across the region." M2 Presswire reported

1652-942: The area is a Wetherspoons Public House, in the former Avion cinema, latterly a bingo hall. Many of its original features have been retained including the protected facade. Aldridge is served by local bus services. Many of the buses in Aldridge were renumbered in April 2010 as part of Centro's attempt to simplify bus services in and around the Walsall area. Some subsidised services have changed operators over time, such as 25 previously operated by Arriva , iGo, and Diamond . As of July 2024 operating services through Aldridge include - Walsall Community Transport (25), Chaserider (36, 36A), and National Express West Midlands (6, 7, 937, 937A, 997). These services operate to surrounding estates each terminating at Walsall, Birmingham, Sutton Coldfield, Brownhills, Kingstanding, and Lichfield. Aldridge railway station

1711-408: The area prompted many to set up collieries and brickworks. Aldridge clay is especially useful in the manufacture of blue bricks. The 1881 census shows that the mines and brickworks were major employers. Because the coal and clay beneath the eastern side of Aldridge (towards Stonnall ) is located much deeper under the surface, extraction of this coal and clay would not have been economically viable. As

1770-460: The area. Some of the most notable factories include the large Ibstock and Weinberger brickworks, and the GKN Driveshafts factory, although the latter company closed in recent years due to relocation and cheaper imports. Birlec , a manufacturer of industrial furnaces relocated to Aldridge in the late 1950s, but has since closed. Aldridge Plastics Ltd, a plastics injection moulder, was set up in

1829-404: The base (the "eye"), constructed of brick. Limestone was crushed (often by hand) to fairly uniform 20–60 mm (1– 2 + 1 ⁄ 2  in) lumps – fine stone was rejected. Successive dome-shaped layers of limestone and wood or coal were built up in the kiln on grate bars across the eye. When loading was complete, the kiln was kindled at the bottom, and the fire gradually spread upwards through

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1888-411: The bottom. The cycling produces a long burning zone of constant, relatively low temperature (around 950 °C) that is ideal for the production of high quality soft burned reactive lime. With exhaust gas temperatures as low as 120 °C and lime temperature at kiln outlet in 80 °C range the heat loss of the regenerative kiln is minimal, fuel consumption is as low as 3.6 MJ/kg. Due to these features

1947-401: The charge. The degree of burning can be adjusted by changing the rate of withdrawal of lime. Heat consumption as low as 4 MJ/kg is possible, but 4.5 to 5 MJ/kg is more typical. Due to temperature peak at the burners up to 1200 °C in a shaft kiln conditions are ideal to produce medium and hard burned lime. These typically consist of a pair of shafts, operated alternately. First, when shaft A

2006-431: The charge. When burnt through, the lime was cooled and raked out through the base. Fine ash dropped out and was rejected with the "riddlings". Only lump stone could be used, because the charge needed to "breathe" during firing. This also limited the size of kilns and explains why kilns were all much the same size. Above a certain diameter, the half-burned charge would be likely to collapse under its own weight, extinguishing

2065-641: The closure of LEPs: "The moves comes after the Government's announcement in last year's Levelling-Up White Paper that all 38 LEPs in England were to integrate into their local democratic institutions." According to Mayor Street, "Helping businesses to develop is critical to the success of the West Midlands - both in creating jobs and driving economic growth. The Black Country alone has phenomenal businesses employing over 460,000 people and contributing billions of pounds to

2124-486: The design shown, a circle of shafts (typically 8–15) is arranged around the kiln riser duct. Hot limestone is discharged from the shafts in sequence, by the action of a hydraulic "pusher plate". Kilns of 1000 tonnes per day output are typical. The rotary kiln is the most flexible of any lime kilns able to produce soft, medium, or hard burned as well as dead-burned lime or dolime. All the above kiln designs produce exhaust gas that carries an appreciable amount of dust. Lime dust

2183-450: The earliest use of lime was mostly as a binder on floors and in plaster for coating walls. This use of plaster may in turn have led to the development of proto-pottery, made from lime and ash. In mortar, the oldest binder was mud. According to finds at Catal Hüyük in Turkey, mud was soon followed by clay, and then by lime in the 6th millennium BCE. Knowledge of its value in agriculture

2242-419: The fire. So kilns always made 25–30 tonnes of lime in a batch. Typically the kiln took a day to load, three days to fire, two days to cool and a day to unload, so a one-week turnaround was normal. The degree of burning was controlled by trial and error from batch to batch by varying the amount of fuel used. Because there were large temperature differences between the center of the charge and the material close to

2301-666: The first man to cross Norway and Wales in a straight line. He attended Aldridge School . Lee Sinnott (born 12 July 1965 in Aldridge) is an English ex-professional footballer and was the manager of Farsley Celtic , whom he led to promotion three times in four years. He went on to manage Port Vale for a short period. He began his career at Walsall as an apprentice and played in the 1984 FA Cup final for his next club Watford in 1984. He captained Huddersfield Town to Division Two playoff glory in 1995. Colin Charvis , former captain of

2360-424: The formation of 785 kg of CO 2 in some applications, such as when used as mortar ; this CO 2 is later re-absorbed as the mortar goes off. If the heat supplied to form the lime (3.75 MJ/kg in an efficient kiln) is obtained by burning fossil fuel it will release CO 2 : in the case of coal fuel 295 kg/t; in the case of natural gas fuel 206 kg/t. The electric power consumption of an efficient plant

2419-422: The kiln impossible via maintaining a positive pressure. The combustion air and cooling air leave the kiln jointly via exhaust on top of shaft B, preheating the stone. The direction of flow is reversed periodically (typically 5–10 times per hour) shaft A and B changing the role of "primary" and "secondary" shaft. The kiln has three zones: preheating zone on the top, burning zone in the middle, and cooling zone close to

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2478-535: The line has been used only for freight. Ongoing speculation about returning passenger services to Aldridge, which would require a new station to be built, has continued with the apparent inclusion of Aldridge and Streetly stations on a map in the 2016 West Midlands Strategic Transport Plan. In February 2021, the West Midlands Combined Authority announced that the land needed for the station to be rebuilt had been acquired for £400,000. Aldridge has

2537-463: The national rail network made the local small-scale kilns increasingly unprofitable, and they gradually died out through the 19th century. They were replaced by larger industrial plants. At the same time, new uses for lime in the chemical , steel and sugar industries led to large-scale plants. These also saw the development of more efficient kilns. A lime kiln erected at Dudley , West Midlands (formerly Worcestershire ) in 1842 survives as part of

2596-447: The other hand, fuel consumption was relatively high because of poor heat exchange compared with shaft kilns, leading to excessive heat loss in exhaust gases. Old fashioned "long" rotary kilns operate at 7 to 10 MJ/kg. Modern installations partially overcome this disadvantage by adding a preheater, which has the same good solids/gas contact as a shaft kiln, but fuel consumption is still somewhat higher, typically in range of 4.5 to 6 MJ/kg. In

2655-476: The parish of Aldridge the urban district contained the parishes of Great Barr , Pelsall and Rushall . Other villages within the district included Walsall Wood , Clayhanger and Streetly . These areas began to grow substantially with private house buildings from the 1930s, mostly bought by families relocating from the central areas of Walsall. The urban district of Aldridge merged with Brownhills on 1 April 1966 to form Aldridge-Brownhills , parts also went to

2714-490: The regenerative kilns are today mainstream technology under conditions of substantial fuel costs. Regenerative kilns are built with 150 to 800 t/day output, 300 to 450 being typical. These contain a concentric internal cylinder. This gathers pre-heated air from the cooling zone, which is then used to pressurize the middle annular zone of the kiln. Air spreading outward from the pressurized zone causes counter-current flow upwards, and co-current flow downwards. This again produces

2773-649: The region's economy... We therefore cannot allow the hard work and success of the Black Country and other LEPs across the region to be lost..." Aldridge Aldridge is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall in the West Midlands , England. It is historically , a village that was part of Staffordshire until 1974. The town is 3 miles (4.8 km) from Brownhills , 5 miles (8 km) from Walsall , 6 miles (9.7 km) from Sutton Coldfield and 7 miles (11 km) from Lichfield . The town

2832-572: The shopping area known as "The Parade". Well-known shops here include WH Smith , Iceland supermarket, Home Bargains , and Boots The Chemist . A purpose-built Safeway (UK) opened in 1992 and started operating as a Morrisons in 2004. B & M took over the former Focus DIY in Coppice Lane and opened its doors for the first time on 1 August 2015. One of the oldest traders in Aldridge is R.H.N. Riley Insurances on Anchor Road, they have been trading since 1957 and in Aldridge since about 1970. Also in

2891-504: The top is first dried then heated to 800 °C, where de-carbonation begins, and proceeds progressively faster as the temperature rises. Below the burner, the hot lime transfers heat to, and is cooled by, the combustion air. A mechanical grate withdraws the lime at the bottom. A fan draws the gases through the kiln, and the level in the kiln is kept constant by adding feed through an airlock. As with batch kilns, only large, graded stone can be used, in order to ensure uniform gas-flows through

2950-416: The town in 1968 and continued trading for almost 40 years before ceasing production in 2007. From January 2011 , GFP Engineering Ltd, a Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) moulding company, will commence trading after relocating from nearby Lichfield . There is also a marina, Aldridge Marina, offering facilities for canal boat moorers. Most of the town's shops are located either on High Street, Anchor Road, or in

3009-542: The town of Waratah in Gippsland , Victoria , Australia produced a majority of the quicklime used in the city of Melbourne as well as around other parts of Gippsland. The town, now called Walkerville , was set on an isolated part of the Victorian coastline and exported the lime by ship. When this became unprofitable in 1926 the kilns were shut down. The present-day area, though having no town amenities as such, markets itself as

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3068-501: The wall, a mixture of underburned (i.e. high loss on ignition ), well-burned and dead-burned lime was normally produced. Typical fuel efficiency was low, with 0.5 tonnes or more of coal being used per tonne of finished lime (15 MJ/kg). Lime production was sometimes carried out on an industrial scale. One example at Annery in North Devon , England , near Great Torrington , was made up of three kilns grouped together in an 'L' shape and

3127-576: Was a road bicycle racer, and one of the first two Britons to ride the Tour de France . Rode in Olympic Games: Los Angeles 1932 and Berlin 1936 . Vic Milne had a doctor's surgery in Portland Road, Aldridge. Played football for Aston Villa , including an appearance in the 1924 FA Cup Final where his team were defeated 2-0 by Newcastle United . Tom Davies (GeoWizard) , a YouTuber and

3186-437: Was alight for several days, and then the entire kiln was emptied of the lime. In a draw kiln, usually a stone structure, the chalk or limestone was layered with wood, coal or coke and lit. As it burnt through, lime was extracted from the bottom of the kiln, through the draw hole. Further layers of stone and fuel were added to the top. The common feature of early kilns was an egg-cup shaped burning chamber, with an air inlet at

3245-458: Was educated at Aldridge Grammar School. Charles George Bonner VC, DSC, born in Aldridge, was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Bonner Grove, a neighborhood of social housing flats and privately owned houses, remembers his name. Charles Holland

3304-426: Was most often manufactured at small coastal ports. Many preserved kilns are still to be seen on quaysides around the coasts of Britain. Permanent lime kilns fall into two broad categories: "flare kilns" also known as "intermittent" or "periodic" kilns; and "draw kilns" also known as "perpetual" or "running" kilns. In a flare kiln, a bottom layer of coal was built up and the kiln above filled solely with chalk. The fire

3363-459: Was on the Sutton Park Line running from Walsall to Birmingham via Sutton Coldfield. It also had a direct link to Wolverhampton on the now defunct Wolverhampton and Walsall Railway as well as a direct link to Brownhills via Walsall Wood although this closed in the 1960s. The station had passenger services to Walsall, Birmingham, Wolverhampton and Brownhills. It closed in 1966 and since then

3422-523: Was situated beside the Torrington canal and the River Torridge to bring in the limestone and coal, and to transport away the calcined lime in the days before properly metalled roads existed. Sets of seven kilns were common. A loading gang and an unloading gang would work the kilns in rotation through the week. A rarely used kiln was known as a "lazy kiln". In the late 19th and early 20th centuries

3481-455: Was the invention of continuous kilns, avoiding the wasteful heat-up and cool-down cycles of the batch kilns. The first were simple shaft kilns, similar in construction to blast furnaces . These are counter-current shaft kilns. Modern variants include regenerative and annular kilns. Output is usually in the range 100–500 tonnes per day. The fuel is injected part-way up the shaft, producing maximum temperature at this point. The fresh feed fed in at

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