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34-689: The Gros Mécatina River is about 55 kilometres (34 mi) long, and originates in Lac Boucher 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the Little Mecatina River and north-west of Robertson Lake. It has a winding course and passes through many lakes. The river flows in a generally southeast direction and empties into the Gulf of St. Lawrence near the Gros Mécatina Archipelago, west of the Baie des Moutons and

68-463: A depth-first search and assigning each node's number in postorder . The same numbers may also be generated via a pruning process in which the tree is simplified in a sequence of stages, where in each stage one removes all leaf nodes and all of the paths of degree-one nodes leading to leaves: the Strahler number of a node is the stage at which it would be removed by this process, and the Strahler number of

102-403: A drainage basin are more likely to flood, comparatively, by looking at the separate ratios. Most British rivers have a bifurcation ratio of between 3 and 5. Gleyzer et al. (2004) describe how to compute Strahler stream order values in a GIS application. This algorithm is implemented by RivEX , an ESRI ArcGIS Pro 3.3.x tool. The input to their algorithm is a network of the centre lines of

136-466: A decision to perhaps build something that would be ready in 2038, 2039 or 2040." The proposal is for three dams, which would be ready after the present surplus of electricity had ended. Strahler number In mathematics , the Strahler number or Horton–Strahler number of a mathematical tree is a numerical measure of its branching complexity. These numbers were first developed in hydrology , as

170-648: A generally south-east direction, then turns south and empties into the Gulf of St. Lawrence a short distance west of Little Mecatina Island. The Nétagamiou River forms 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of its mouth, where it forks off to the right from the Little Mécatina. The mouth of the river is in the municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent in Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality . The proposed Harrington Harbour Biodiversity Reserve would lie in

204-646: A project to build a new 1,200 MW hydroelectric complex on the river, which has potential to host several dams. Just after work started on the Romaine River complex, in 2009 Prime Minister Jean Charest asked Hydro-Québec to start studies of developing the Little Mécatina River. The project, which would flood 228 square kilometres (88 sq mi), would require consent by the La Romaine Band Council. Although studies began in 2002, as of 2011

238-636: A tree is the number of stages required to remove all of its nodes. Another equivalent definition of the Strahler number of a tree is that it is the height of the largest complete binary tree that can be homeomorphically embedded into the given tree; the Strahler number of a node in a tree is similarly the height of the largest complete binary tree that can be embedded below that node. Any node with Strahler number i must have at least two descendants with Strahler number i  − 1, at least four descendants with Strahler number i  − 2, etc., and at least 2 leaf descendants. Therefore, in

272-475: A tree is. For each order i in a hierarchy, the i th bifurcation ratio is where n i denotes the number of nodes with order i . The bifurcation ratio of an overall hierarchy may be taken by averaging the bifurcation ratios at different orders. In a complete binary tree, the bifurcation ratio will be 2, while other trees will have larger bifurcation ratios. It is a dimensionless number. The pathwidth of an arbitrary undirected graph G may be defined as

306-406: A tree with n nodes, the largest possible Strahler number is log 2   n  + 1. However, unless the tree forms a complete binary tree its Strahler number will be less than this bound. In an n -node binary tree , chosen uniformly at random among all possible binary trees , the expected index of the root is with high probability very close to log 4   n . In the application of

340-563: A way of measuring the complexity of rivers and streams, by Robert E. Horton  ( 1945 ) and Arthur Newell Strahler  ( 1952 , 1957 ). In this application, they are referred to as the Strahler stream order and are used to define stream size based on a hierarchy of tributaries . The same numbers also arise in the analysis of L-systems and of hierarchical biological structures such as (biological) trees and animal respiratory and circulatory systems, in register allocation for compilation of high-level programming languages and in

374-529: Is a major river in the Côte-Nord region of the provinces of Labrador and Quebec, Canada. Studies have been made to exploit the hydroelectric potential of the river, which could be around 1,200 MW from three dams. The Little Mécatina River was driven first with kayaks by Rolf Theiß and Fritz Gottensrtöter from Guetersloh, Germany ( 13.8.- 6.9.1973 ). The Little Mécatina River is about 545 kilometres (339 mi) long, of which about 384 kilometres (239 mi)

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408-830: Is forbidden. It is owned by the Federal Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife and is subject to the Migratory Birds Convention Act , the Canada Wildlife Act and the Regulations on migratory bird sanctuaries. The tidal zones of the Gros Mécatina River and the Véco River are outside the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Gros-Mécatina and are managed by the bird sanctuary. Commercial fishing began on

442-470: Is given by Smart. The Strahler numbering may be applied in the statistical analysis of any hierarchical system, not just to rivers. When translating a high-level programming language to assembly language the minimum number of registers required to evaluate an expression tree is exactly its Strahler number. In this context, the Strahler number may also be called the register number . For expression trees that require more registers than are available,

476-558: Is in Labrador. The river has a Strahler number of 7. It originates to the east of Lake Aticonac near the border between the Atlantic and Saint Lawrence Basins. This is along the border between Quebec and Newfoundland claimed by Quebec, well north of the border defined in 1927 by the Privy Council. It flows through the unorganized territories of Lac-Jérôme and Petit-Mécatina . It winds in

510-505: The Innu had been given little information. The Quebec Prime Minister François Legault said during his 2018 election campaign that he wanted to start a major hydroelectric project during his time in office, and in November 2018 he met with Ontario premier Doug Ford to discuss sale of electricity to Ontario. Eric Martel, CEO of Hydro-Québec, said "I can easily see that in 2021-2022 we will have make

544-496: The Sethi–Ullman algorithm may be used to translate an expression tree into a sequence of machine instructions that uses the registers as efficiently as possible, minimizing the number of times intermediate values are spilled from registers to main memory and the total number of instructions in the resulting compiled code. Associated with the Strahler numbers of a tree are bifurcation ratios , numbers describing how close to balanced

578-679: The Big Mecatina River ( Rivière du Gros Mécatina ) and Little Mecatina River (Rivière du Petit Mécatina) by the English. In 2017 all salmon, large and small, had to be released on the Malbaie (Gaspé Peninsula), Pigou , Bouleau , Magpie , Coacoachou , Nétagamiou , Little Mécatina and Véco rivers. Only young salmon could be retained on 51 rivers, and limited retention of large salmon was allowed on 19 rivers. The drainage basin covers 19,590 square kilometres (7,560 sq mi). About 56.2% of

612-901: The Environment has operated a hydrometric station since February 1967 higher up at 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) from the Ruisseau Chanion. It monitors flow from a drainage basin of 5,504 square kilometres (2,125 sq mi). Over the period from 1973 to 2015, annual average flow varied from 45.53 cubic metres per second (1,608 cu ft/s) in 1987 to 126.0 cubic metres per second (4,450 cu ft/s) in 1980. Flow in 2015 averaged 82.6 cubic metres per second (2,920 cu ft/s), varying from 17.46 cubic metres per second (617 cu ft/s) in April to 407.9 cubic metres per second (14,400 cu ft/s) in May. Hydro-Québec has been considering

646-661: The Gros Mécatina River in 1749, when the river was known for the number and quality of its brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) and Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). The salmon go up the river to a large waterfall about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from its mouth. In this section, the Pourvoirie Mécatina has the exclusive fishing rights. There are about 20 pools where fish can be caught between July and September while wading on rocks without sand. Between 2012 and 2016 an average of 90 juvenile salmon and 4 large salmon were reported caught each year. In 2017 harvesting of large salmon on

680-405: The Strahler stream order to hydrology, each segment of a stream or river within a river network is treated as a node in a tree, with the next segment downstream as its parent. When two first-order streams come together, they form a second-order stream. When two second-order streams come together, they form a third-order stream. Streams of lower order joining a higher order stream do not change

714-453: The analysis of social networks . All trees in this context are directed graphs , oriented from the root towards the leaves; in other words, they are arborescences . The degree of a node in a tree is just its number of children. One may assign a Strahler number to all nodes of a tree, in bottom-up order, as follows: The Strahler number of a tree is the number of its root node. Algorithmically , these numbers may be assigned by performing

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748-683: The basin is in Labrador north of the provincial boundary. The river floods during the spring thaw, flow is reduced in summer, rises again in fall, then drops to a minimum in winter. A station near the mouth of the river records flows of 2,589.2 cubic metres per second (91,440 cu ft/s) in May, 231.95 cubic metres per second (8,191 cu ft/s) in September, 909.0 cubic metres per second (32,100 cu ft/s) in October and 88.43 cubic metres per second (3,123 cu ft/s) in March. The Ministry of

782-406: The bodies of water, represented as arcs (or edges) joined at nodes. Lake boundaries and river banks should not be used as arcs, as these will generally form a non-tree network with an incorrect topology. Alternative stream ordering systems have been developed by Shreve and Hodgkinson et al. A statistical comparison of Strahler and Shreve systems, together with an analysis of stream/link lengths,

816-541: The most powerful river, the Amazon , at its mouth). The Ohio River is of order eight and the Mississippi River is of order 10. Estimates are that 80% of the streams on the planet are first to third order headwater streams . If the bifurcation ratio of a river network is high, then there is a higher chance of flooding. There would also be a lower time of concentration. The bifurcation ratio can also show which parts of

850-472: The municipalities of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent and Gros-Mécatina . The basin covers 1,054 square kilometres (407 sq mi). Lac du Gros Mecatina is not far upstream from the river's mouth. Other lakes in the watershed include Lac Bernadette, Lac Talbot, Lac Boucher, Lac Garin, Lac Doris, Lac Arabian, Lac Levêque and Lac Grenville. The name "Mécatina" comes from the Innu language makatinau , meaning "big mountain". In 1694 Louis Jolliet used

884-485: The order of the higher stream. Thus, if a first-order stream joins a second-order stream, it remains a second-order stream. It is not until a second-order stream combines with another second-order stream that it becomes a third-order stream. As with mathematical trees, a segment with index i must be fed by at least 2 different tributaries of index 1. Shreve noted that Horton's and Strahler's Laws should be expected from any topologically random distribution. A later review of

918-467: The relationships confirmed this argument, establishing that, from the properties the laws describe, no conclusion can be drawn to explain the structure or origin of the stream network. To qualify as a stream a hydrological feature must be either recurring or perennial . Recurring (or "intermittent") streams have water in the channel for at least part of the year. The index of a stream or river may range from 1 (a stream with no tributaries) to 12 (globally

952-518: The river in 1699. The qualifiers Petit and Gros (Small and Big) were used to distinguish two trading posts in the 18th century. On 20 September 1739 Jean-Baptiste Pommereau was granted a concession for the Gros Mécatinat, and on 15 January 1740 the intendant Gilles Hocquart granted Henri-Albert de Saint-Vincent seven or eight leagues of shoreline at Petit Mecatina. The names of the rivers that led inland from these trading posts were translated as

986-683: The river was allowed in the second part of the season. The river exceeded its target for salmon management in 2018, and in July 2018 the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks announced that in August anglers could keep their catch of one large salmon 63 centimetres (25 in) or longer in the Gros Mécatina, Napetipi , Saint-Paul , Vieux Fort and Matapedia rivers. Little Mecatina River The Little Mécatina River ( French : Rivière du Petit Mécatina )

1020-542: The river's watershed. The Innu call the river Nataukamiu Hipu , or "river with broken waters". In Naskapi it is called Kuekuatsheunekap Shipu , or "wolverine river". Mécatina comes from the Innu language term makatinau , meaning "large mountain". The meaning in the Cree language is either "red mountain" or "large mountain". In 1694 Louis Jolliet used the term Mecatinachis for the island of Little Mécatina. Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin used "Petit Mécatina" to identify

1054-487: The rivers that led inland from these trading posts were translated as the Big Mecatina River and Little Mecatina River by the English. The proposed Harrington Harbor Biodiversity Reserve would lie in the river's watershed. A bird sanctuary, the Gros-Mécatina Migratory Bird Sanctuary , covers Plate Island and Trois Collines Island as well as Marmette Islands and Rocks. It is fully protected and access

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1088-414: The smallest number w such that there exists an interval graph H containing G as a subgraph, with the largest clique in H having w  + 1 vertices. For trees (viewed as undirected graphs by forgetting their orientation and root) the pathwidth differs from the Strahler number, but is closely related to it: in a tree with pathwidth w and Strahler number s , these two numbers are related by

1122-433: The term Mecatinachis for the island of Petit Mécatina. The qualifiers Petit and Gros (Small and Big) were used to distinguish two nearby trading posts in the 18th century. On 20 September 1739 Jean-Baptiste Pommereau was granted a concession for the Gros Mécatinat, and on 15 January 1740 the intendant Gilles Hocquart granted Henri-Albert de Saint-Vincent seven or eight leagues of shoreline at Petit Mecatina. The names of

1156-523: The village of Mutton Bay . The hills just inland from Mutton Bay are almost 270 metres (890 ft) high. The mouth of the Gros Mécatina River is in the municipality of Gros-Mécatina in Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality. The Gros Mécatina Archipelago is in the Gulf to the southeast of the point at the river's mouth. The river basin includes parts of the unorganized territory Petit-Mécatina and

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