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68-515: [REDACTED] Look up berlina in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Berlina may refer to: Sedan (automobile) , a style of passenger car Alfa Romeo 1750 Berlina , an automobile produced from 1968 to 1977 Holden Berlina , an automobile produced by the Holden subsidiary of General Motors since 1984 Opel Rekord Berlina , a specification level of

136-527: A continuum of languages and dialects characterized by similar phenomena that differ from others for these same phenomena. This imaginary line is used here to define not only a boundary between dialect groups, but also between Northern regional Italian on the one hand and Central and Southern regional Italian on the other. Other well-defined areas are the Tuscan, the Extreme Southern Italian (comprising

204-585: A footman/mechanic) was the first sedan, since it is the first known car to be produced with a roof. A one-off instance of similar coachwork is also known in a 1900 De Dion-Bouton Type D. A sedan is typically considered to be a fixed-roof car with at least four seats. Based on this definition, the earliest sedan was the 1911 Speedwell , which was manufactured in the United States. In American English , Latin American Spanish , and Brazilian Portuguese ,

272-671: A four-door station wagon from 1958 until 1960 in the Rambler and Ambassador series. In 1973, the US government passed Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216 creating a standard roof strength test to measure the integrity of roof structure in motor vehicles to come into effect some years later. Hardtop sedan body style production ended with the 1978 Chrysler Newport . Roofs were covered with vinyl, and B-pillars were minimized by styling methods like matt black finishes. Stylists and engineers soon developed more subtle solutions. A close-coupled sedan

340-600: A horizontal trunk lid. The term is generally only referred to in marketing when it is necessary to differentiate between two sedan body styles (e.g., notchback and fastback) of the same model range. Several sedans have a fastback profile but a hatchback-style tailgate is hinged at the roof. Examples include the Peugeot 309 , Škoda Octavia , Hyundai Elantra XD , Chevrolet Malibu Maxx , BMW 4 Series Grand Coupe , Audi A5 Sportback , and Tesla Model S . The names hatchback and sedan are often used to differentiate between body styles of

408-448: A literary and prestigious means of expression across the whole peninsula, Sicily and Corsica in the late Middle Ages ; on the other hand, it would be introduced to Sardinia by a specific order only in the second half of the 18th century (1760), when the island's ownership passed over to the House of Savoy . It was up to Pietro Bembo , a Venetian, to identify Florentine as the language for

476-471: A manufacturer produces two-door sedan and four-door sedan versions of the same model, the shape and position of the greenhouse on both versions may be identical, with only the B-pillar positioned further back to accommodate the longer doors on the two-door versions. A sedan chair, a sophisticated litter , is an enclosed box with windows used to transport one seated person. Porters at the front and rear carry

544-443: A product of standard Italian mixing with the regional languages, were also born. The various regional languages would be retained by the population as their normal means of expression until the 1950s, when breakthroughs in literacy and the advent of TV broadcasting made Italian become more and more widespread, usually in its regional varieties. Establishing precise boundaries is very difficult in linguistics, and this operation at

612-574: A railroad train's club carriage (e.g.,, the lounge or parlour carriage). From the 1910s to the 1950s, several United States manufacturers have named models either Sedanet or Sedanette. The term originated as a smaller version of the sedan; however, it has also been used for convertibles and fastback coupes. Models that have been called Sedanet or Sedanette include the 1917 Dort Sedanet, King , 1919 Lexington , 1930s Cadillac Fleetwood Sedanette, 1949 Cadillac Series 62 Sedanette, 1942-1951 Buick Super Sedanet , and 1956 Studebaker . Sedans, as

680-493: A significant number of Sardinian and other local loanwords (be they Italianised or not) are also present in regional varieties of Italian (e.g. porcetto from the Sardinian porcheddu / porceddu , scacciacqua from the Sardinian parabba / paracua "raincoat", continente "Mainland" and continentale "Mainlander" with reference to the rest of the country and its people as well, etc.). Some words may even reflect ignorance of

748-414: A specific category of automobiles, have had serious social consequences shaped by their design and use. Their compact and fuel-efficient nature has made them a preferred choice for urban and suburban settings, promoting individual mobility. However, this accessibility has contributed to increased urban sprawl and car dependency. Sedans, like other private vehicles, encourage dispersed living patterns, reducing

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816-532: A spoken language was born in two "linguistic labs" consisting of the metropolitan areas in Milan and Rome , which functioned as magnets for internal migration. Immigrants were only left with the national language as a lingua franca to communicate with both the locals and other immigrants. After unification, Italian started to be taught at primary schools and its use by ordinary people increased considerably, along with mass literacy . The regional varieties of Italian, as

884-457: Is a body style produced in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. Their two-box boxy styling made these sedans more like crossover vehicles than traditional three-box sedans. Like other close-coupled body styles, the rear seats are farther forward than a regular sedan. This reduced the length of the body; close-coupled sedans, also known as town sedans, were the shortest of the sedan models offered. Models of close-coupled sedans include

952-513: Is a different distribution of closed and open vowels (The pronunciation "giòrno" with an open o is very widespread in Campania for example), while in Calabria, Salento and Sicily closed vowels are completely missing and speakers just pronounce open vowels ( [ɛ, ɔ] ), while in the other regions the discrepancies with the pronunciation Standards are minor (albeit relevant) and non-homogeneous; on

1020-505: Is a tendency to close all the e even where the Italian standard does not envisage it. In Genoa and Bologna for example the names Mattèo , Irène , Emanuèle and the name of the city itself are pronounced with the closed e ; moreover, there is no difference in the pronunciation of the word pesca either to mean "peach" (standard [ˈpɛska] ) and "fishing" (standard [ˈpeska] ), both pronounced [ˈpeska] . There

1088-530: Is also a strong tendency to pronounce all the e's before a nasal consonant as closed (usually when the nasal consonant is in the same syllable of the e) so that /ɛ/ becomes /e/. Sempre (always) is pronounced as [ˈsempre] in Northern Italy while the standard pronunciation is [ˈsɛmpre] , The only exceptions being the words that end in -enne and -emme A characteristic of the North in opposition to

1156-457: Is called Limousine and a limousine is a Stretch-Limousine . In the United States, two-door sedan models were marketed as Tudor in the Ford Model A (1927–1931) series. Automakers use different terms to differentiate their products and for Ford's sedan body styles "the tudor (2-door) and fordor (4-door) were marketing terms designed to stick in the minds of the public." Ford continued to use

1224-401: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sedan (automobile) A sedan or saloon ( British English ) is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate compartments for an engine, passengers, and cargo. The first recorded use of sedan in reference to an automobile body occurred in 1912. The name derives from

1292-508: Is not present in the majority of Gallo-italic languages (they are replaced by the present perfect). Sometimes, for older speakers, northern varieties lack geminated consonants (see gemination ), especially in Veneto . The lack of the gemination standardly found in combinations of prepositions + articles (e.g. alla, dello, sull' etc.) is very widespread in casual speech, resulting in "sull'albero" sounding like [suˈlalbero] in contrast with

1360-536: Is pronounced [ˈluːʃe] rather than [ˈluːtʃe] , la cena is pronounced [la ˈʃeːna] instead of [la ˈtʃeːna] as it is pronounced in northern Italy and in standard Italian. Based on the significant linguistic distance between the Sardinian language (and any other traditionally spoken by the islanders ) and Italian, the Sardinian-influenced Italian emerging from

1428-497: Is similar to the German use of ja... schon especially for ironic purposes, in order to convey sardonic remarks (e.g. Già sei tutto studiato, tu! "You're so well educated!" from Jai ses totu istudiatu, tue! which roughly stands for "You are so ignorant and full of yourself!", or Già è poco bello! "He/It is not so beautiful!" from Jai est pacu bellu! meaning actually "He/It is so beautiful!"). One also needs to take into consideration

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1496-705: Is the pronunciation of the suffix -ano for conjugating a first conjugation verb (-are) to a third plural person (they), which most of the times is phonetically realized as [-ɐno] Widespread use of determiners before feminine names ( la Giulia ) is also noted in almost all the north while the determiner coupled with male names ( il Carlo ) is typical of the Po Valley . In the northern vocabulary words like anguria (also common in Sardinia and Sicily), which means " watermelon ", instead of cocomero , bologna for mortadella (but not everywhere), piuttosto che ("rather than") in

1564-557: Is the use of the article before a female given name ( la Elena , la Giulia ); such use passed from Tuscany to other regions when used before the surname of well-known people, particularly of the past ( il Manzoni ). In the vocabulary there is the use of spenge instead of spegne ("extinguishes") or words like balocco instead of giocattolo ("toy"), busse instead of percosse or botte ("beatings"), rena instead of sabbia ("sand"), cencio instead of panno ("cloth"). The Tuscan historical dialects (including Corsican ) belong to

1632-628: The Austrian Empire ) between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and its unification in 1861 played a considerable role in further jeopardizing the linguistic situation. When the unification process took place, the newly founded country used Italian mainly as a literary language. Many Romance and non-Romance regional languages were spoken throughout the Italian Peninsula and the islands, each with their own local dialects. Italian as

1700-676: The Chrysler Imperial , Duesenberg Model A , and Packard 745 A two-door sedan for four or five passengers but with less room for passengers than a standard sedan. A Coach body has no external trunk for luggage. Haajanen says it can be difficult to tell the difference between a Club and a Brougham and a Coach body, as if manufacturers were more concerned with marketing their product than adhering to strict body style definitions. Close-coupled saloons originated as four-door thoroughbred sporting horse-drawn carriages with little room for rear passengers' feet. In automotive use, manufacturers in

1768-689: The Studebaker Four and Studebaker Six models were marketed as sedans. There were fully enclosed automobile bodies before 1912. Long before that time, the same fully enclosed but horse-drawn carriages were known as a brougham in the United Kingdom, berline in France, and berlina in Italy; the latter two have become the terms for sedans in these countries. It is sometimes stated that the 1899 Renault Voiturette Type B (a 2-seat car with an extra external seat for

1836-455: The Teramo area (northern Abruzzo), and up to Pescara, the vowels are pronounced with a single open sound (for example dove volete andare stasera? [ˈdɔːvɛ vɔˈlɛːtɛ anˈdaːrɛ staˈsɛːra] , Thus showing an inexplicable coincidence with the phonetic outcomes of Sicily and Calabria, although there is no direct link with them. As already mentioned here, the intervocalic s is always voiceless, and

1904-475: The contact between such languages is to be considered an ethnolect and sociolect of its own, as features divergent from Italian are local in origin, not attributable to more widespread Northern or Southern Italian varieties. While Sardinian phonetics and the introduction of Sardinian words in a full Italian conversation are prevalent, especially if they are Italianised in the process (e.g. tzurpu "blind" and scimpru "dumb" becoming ciurpo and scimpro ),

1972-535: The 17th-century litter known as a sedan chair, a one-person enclosed box with windows and carried by porters. Variations of the sedan style include the close-coupled sedan, club sedan, convertible sedan, fastback sedan, hardtop sedan, notchback sedan, and sedanet. A sedan ( / s ɪ ˈ d æ n / ) is a car with a closed body (i.e., a fixed metal roof) with the engine, passengers, and cargo in separate compartments. This broad definition does not differentiate sedans from various other car body styles. Still, in practice,

2040-406: The 21st century, saloon remains in the long-established names of particular motor races. In other languages, sedans are known as berline ( French ), berlina ( European Spanish , European Portuguese , Romanian , and Italian ), though they may include hatchbacks. These names, like the sedan, all come from forms of passenger transport used before the advent of automobiles. In German , a sedan

2108-494: The Adriatic side is more evident, as in certain areas of central-east Abruzzo (Chieti-Sulmona), largely in central-northern Apulia (Foggia-Bari-Taranto), and in eastern Basilicata (Matera) where it is present The so-called "syllabic isocronism": free syllable vowels are all pronounced closed and those in close syllables all open (see the well-known example un póco di pòllo instead of un pòco di póllo "a bit of chicken"); Even in

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2176-680: The Opel Rekord automobile produced by the Opel subsidiary of General Motors Phillips Berlina , a neo-classic car produced from 1980 to 1983 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Berlina . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlina&oldid=879744977 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2244-590: The Sardinian Essinde ses? , instead of Stai uscendo? ; Studiando stavo! "Been studying have I!", from Istudiende fia! , instead of Stavo studiando! ; Legna vi serve? "In need of some wood are you?" from Linna bos serbit? , instead of Avete bisogno di un po' di legna? ). It is also common for interrogative sentences to use a pleonastic tutto "all", from the Sardinian totu , as in Cosa tutto hai visto? "What all have you seen?" from Ite totu as bidu? compared with

2312-455: The South is the almost always voiced ( [z] ) consonant in intervocalic position, whereas in the south it is always voiceless: [ˈkɔːza] vs. [ˈkɔːsa] . Also in opposition to the south, the north is characterized by the reduction of phonosyntactic doubling at the beginning of the word (after vowels) and the almost total abandonment of the preterite tense in verb forms as it

2380-469: The Tudor name for 5-window coupes, 2-door convertibles, and roadsters since all had two doors. The Tudor name was also used to describe the Škoda 1101/1102 introduced in 1946. The public popularized the name for a two-door model and was then applied by the automaker to the entire line that included a four-door sedan and station wagon versions. In the United States, the notchback sedan distinguishes models with

2448-458: The United Kingdom used the term to develop the chummy body, where passengers were forced to be friendly because they were tightly packed. They provided weather protection for extra passengers in what would otherwise be a two-seater car. Two-door versions would be described in the United States and France as coach bodies. A postwar example is the Rover 3 Litre Coupé . Produced in the United States from

2516-437: The beginning of the word if the previous word ends up by vowel: la casa "the house" [la ˈhaːsa] , even to its total disappearance. Also phonological in nature are forms without the diphthong uo of Standard Italian ( ova , scola , bona , foco instead of uova , scuola , buona , fuoco ), while in the syntax a tripartite system of demonstrative adjectives is in use: questo ("this") to indicate something close to

2584-440: The capital's dialect) was a very lively language, spoken by ordinary people in the city's streets. On the other hand, the only Italian city where even the commoners spoke something similar to literary Italian was Florence, so he thought that Italians should choose Florentine as the basis for the national language. The Italian Peninsula's history of fragmentation and colonization by foreign powers (especially France , Spain and

2652-513: The chair with horizontal poles. Litters date back to long before ancient Egypt, India, and China. Sedan chairs were developed in the 1630s. Etymologists suggest the name of the chair very probably came through varieties of Italian from the Latin sedere , or the Proto-Indo-European root " sed- " meaning "to sit." The first recorded use of sedan for an automobile body occurred in 1912 when

2720-402: The country. Sardinianised Italian is marked by the prevalence, even in common speech, of the verb's inversion, following rules of Sardinian (and Latin) but not Italian, which uses a subject-verb-object structure. The (often auxiliary) verb usually ends up at the end of the sentence, especially in exclamatory and interrogative sentences (e.g. Uscendo stai? , literally "Going out are you?", from

2788-482: The density of communities and limiting opportunities for local social interactions. This can lead to a decline in neighborhood growth and an increase in reliance on cars for even short trips, increasing environmental and health concerns through CO2 and Greenhouse Gas emissions and reduced physical activity . Furthermore, while sedans are a practical solution for families and individuals, their role in encouraging road-centric urban planning has been criticized for reducing

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2856-436: The doubling of the g 's and b 's ( abile [ˈabbile] instead of [ˈaːbile] , regina [redˈdʒiːna] instead of [reˈdʒiːna] ). A popular trait in the everyday southern speech is the usage of the apocope of the final syllable of the words, ( ma' for mamma "mom", professo' for professore "professor", compa' for compare "buddy, homie" etc.). In continental Southern Italy there

2924-423: The idea of an action ongoing at a certain point, but rather something that will take place in the very near future, almost on the point of happening (e.g. Sto andando a scuola with the meaning of "I'm about to go to school" rather than "Right now as we speak, I'm going to school"). It is also common to use antiphrastic formulas which are alien to Italian, by means of the particle già (Sard. jai / giai ) which

2992-506: The limit can be accomplished for individual phenomena (such as the realization of a sound), but not for all of them: it is necessary to proceed in part by abstractions. In general, an isogloss is an imaginary line that marks the boundary of a linguistic phenomenon. The line traditionally referred to as La Spezia-Rimini (though it is currently moving to the Massa-Senigallia line) is an important isogloss for Southern Europe, which delimits

3060-436: The mid-1920s to the mid-1950s, the name club sedan was used for highly appointed models using the sedan chassis. Some people describe a club sedan as a two-door vehicle with a body style otherwise identical to the sedan models in the range. Others describe a club sedan as having either two or four doors and a shorter roof and therefore less interior space than the other sedan models in the range. Club sedan originates from

3128-447: The national tongue or any regional variety thereof. Among these languages, the various Tuscan , Corsican and some Central Italian lects are, to some extent, the closest ones to standard Italian in terms of linguistic features, since the latter is based on a somewhat polished form of Florentine . The various forms of Regional Italian have phonological, morphological , syntactic , prosodic and lexical features which originate from

3196-813: The official language of the Roman Empire . Even though the Sicilian School , using the Sicilian language , had been prominent earlier, by the 14th century the Tuscan dialect of Florence had gained prestige once Dante Alighieri , Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) and Giovanni Boccaccio all wrote major works in it: the Divine Comedy , the Canzoniere and the Decameron . Italian, defined as such, began to spread and be used as

3264-470: The open e is pronounced at the end of the word ( perché [perˈkɛ] ) or in the word body in closed syllable (i.e. followed by consonant: stesso [ˈstɛsso] ) and the closed e in word body in open syllable (i.e. not followed by consonant: bene [ˈbeːne] ). Except for the extreme Ligurian Levante , in Liguria , and especially in the capital, there is the opposite phenomenon: there

3332-483: The original language on the speaker's part when referring to a singular noun in Italian with Sardinian plurals, due to a lack of understanding of how singular and plurals nouns are formed in Sardinian: common mistakes are "una seada s ", "un tenore s ", etc. Regarding phonology, the regional Italian spoken in Sardinia follows the same five-vowel system of the Sardinian language without length differentiation, rather than

3400-679: The peninsula in the Prose nelle quali si ragiona della volgar lingua (1525), in which he set up Petrarch as the perfect model. Italian, however, was a literary language and so was a written rather than spoken language, except in Tuscany and Corsica. The popular diffusion of a unified Italian language was the main goal of Alessandro Manzoni , who advocated for a single national language mainly derived from "cultured" Florentine language. Having lived in Paris for many years, Manzoni had noticed that French (defined as

3468-457: The peninsular part of Calabria , Salento and Sicily ), and finally the Sardinian ones. Based on borders like La Spezia-Rimini, here are the most well-identified groups of regional Italian. Northern regional Italian is characterized by a different distribution of the open and closed e and o ( [e, ɛ, o, ɔ] ) compared to the Florentine model, particularly evident in Milan , where

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3536-712: The presence of a number of other Sardinian-specific idiomatic phrases being literally translated into Italian (like Cosa sembra? "What does it look like?" from Ite paret? meaning "How do you do?" compared to the standard Italian Come stai? , Mi dice sempre cosa! "She/He's always scolding me!" from the Sardinian Semper cosa mi narat! compared to the standard Italian Mi rimprovera sempre! , or again Non fa! "No chance!" from Non fachet! / Non fait! compared to standard Italian Non si può! ), that would make little sense to an Italian speaker from another region. As mentioned earlier,

3604-491: The regional Italian of Veneto, the same expression would be stémo rivando or siamo dietro ad arrivare . The same relationship holds throughout the rest of Italy: the local version of standard Italian is usually influenced by the underlying local language, which can be very different from Italian with regard to phonology , morphology , syntax , and vocabulary . Anyone who knows Standard Italian well can usually understand Regional Italian quite well, while not managing to grasp

3672-484: The regional Sardinian variety of Italian embracing the most diverging syntactic and morphological changes is situated at the low end of the diastratic spectrum, and its usage, though relatively common among the less educated, is not positively valued by either bilingual Sardinian speakers, who regard it as neither Sardinian nor Italian and nickname it italianu porcheddìnu ("piggy Italian", standing for "broken Italian"), or Italian monolinguals from Sardinia and other parts of

3740-685: The regional languages. Many contemporary Italian regions already had different substrates before the conquest of Italy and the islands by the ancient Romans: Northern Italy had a Ligurian , a Venetic , a Rhaetic and a Celtic substrate in the areas once known as Cisalpine Gaul ("Gaul on this side of the Alps"); Central Italy had an Umbrian and Etruscan substrate; Southern Italy and Sicily had an Oscan and Italic - Greek substrate respectively; and finally, Sardinia had an indigenous ( Nuragic ) and Punic substrate. These languages in their respective territories contributed in creolising Latin,

3808-534: The same linguistic system as Italian, with few substantial morphological, syntactic or lexical differences compared to the standard language. As a result, unlike further from Tuscany in Italy, there are no major obstacles to mutual intelligibility of the local Romance languages and Regional Italian. Central and Southern regional Italian is characterized by the usage of the affricate consonants in place of fricatives after nasal consonants ( insolito [inˈtsɔːlito] instead of [inˈsɔːlito] ), and by

3876-429: The same model. To avoid confusion, the term hatchback sedan is not often used. There have been many sedans with a fastback style. Hardtop sedans were a popular body style in the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s. Hardtops are manufactured without a B-pillar leaving uninterrupted open space or, when closed, glass along the side of the vehicle. The top was intended to look like a convertible's top. However, it

3944-483: The sense of "or" and not "instead", etc. are in use. The last, in particular, is a custom that has begun to spread also in other areas of Italy, stirring up linguistic concern, as it is used with a semantic sense in contrast to that of standard Italian. In Tuscany and especially in Florence , the Tuscan gorgia is very well known. That is, the lenition of the occlusive consonants in the post-vocalic position, including at

4012-578: The speaker (first person), codesto (lost in other varieties) for something close to the contact person (second person), or quello "that" for something far from both (third person). A Tuscan stereotype is use of forms resembling the impersonal for the first person plural: (noi) si va instead of noi andiamo ("we are going"), past tense (noi) si è andati , and use of te rather than tu as second person singular subject pronoun: Te che fai stasera? rather than Tu che fai stasera? ("What are you doing tonight?"). Also typical of several areas including Tuscany

4080-481: The standard Italian Cosa hai visto? . The present continuous makes use of the verb essere "to be" as in English rather than stare (e.g. Sempre andando e venendo è! "Always walking up and down she/he is!" from Semper/Sempri andande e beninde est! compared with the standard Italian Sta sempre andando e venendo! ): that is because the present continuous built with verb stare does not, in such regional variety, express

4148-440: The standard Italian seven-vowel system. Metaphony has also been observed: tonic e and o ( [e, o] ) have a closed sound whenever they are followed by a closed vowel ( i , u ), and they have it open if they are followed by an open one ( a , e , o ). Hypercorrection is also common when applying the Italian rule of syntactic gemination ; intervocalic t , p , v , c are usually elongated. Intervocalic /s/ voicing

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4216-739: The standard pronunciation [sulˈlalbero] . The consonants /ʃ, tʃ, dʒ/ are labialized in standard Italian ([ʃʷ, tʃʷ, dʒʷ]), but in northern varieties they're not. Final N's (even though they're not usually found in words with an Italian origin) are usually pronounced as velars in northern varieties, so the typical Venetian surname "Martin" is pronounced as [marˈtiŋ] in Northern Italy but [marˈtin] in Central and Southern Italy. In some cases, certain unstressed vowels may be pronounced more subtly or reduced in Northern Italian varieties compared to standard Italian. One example

4284-495: The term sedan is used (accented as sedán in Spanish). In British English , a car of this configuration is called a saloon ( / s ə ˈ l u n / ). Hatchback sedans are known simply as hatchbacks (not hatchback saloons ); long-wheelbase luxury saloons with a division between the driver and passengers are limousines . In Australia and New Zealand , sedan is now predominantly used; they were previously simply cars. In

4352-546: The typical characteristics of sedans are: It is sometimes suggested that sedans must have four doors (to provide a simple distinction between sedans and two-door coupés ); others state that a sedan can have four or two doors. Although the sloping rear roofline defined the coupe, the design element has become common on many body styles with manufacturers increasingly "cross-pollinating" the style so that terms such as sedan and coupé have been loosely interpreted as "'four-door coupes' - an inherent contradiction in terms." When

4420-521: The underlying substrate of the original language of the locale. The difference between Regional Italian and the actual languages of Italy , often imprecisely referred to as dialects , is exemplified by the following: in Venetian , the language spoken in Veneto , "we are arriving" would be translated into sémo drio rivàr , which is quite distinct from the Standard Italian stiamo arrivando . In

4488-505: The use of the preterite is also frequent instead of the use of the present perfect . In continental southern Italy, from Rome down to Calabria, possessive pronouns often are placed after the noun: for example il libro mio instead of il mio libro ("my book"). Another characteristic of regional Italian varieties in central and southern Italy is deaffrication of /tʃ/ between vowels, both word-internally and across word boundaries. In almost all peninsular Italy from Tuscany to Sicily luce

4556-457: The viability of public transportation and active transport modes like walking and cycling. In cities heavily dependent on sedans, air pollution, noise, and traffic fatalities often increase, posing public health risks and environmental challenges . Regional Italian Such vernacular varieties and standard Italian exist along a sociolect continuum , and are not to be confused with the local non-immigrant languages of Italy that predate

4624-543: Was fixed and made of hard material that did not fold. All manufacturers in the United States from the early 1950s into the 1970s provided at least a 2-door hardtop model in their range and a 4-door hardtop. The lack of side bracing demanded a strong, heavy chassis frame to combat unavoidable flexing. The pillarless design was also available in four-door models using unibody construction. For example, Chrysler moved to unibody designs for most of its models in 1960 and American Motors Corporation offered four-door sedans, as well

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