The Bergamasque Prealps ( Italian : Prealpi Bergamasche ) are a mountain range within the Alps . The range is located in Lombardy , in the north of Italy .
55-606: Administratively the range belongs to the Italian province of Bergamo and, to a lesser extent, to the provinces of Lecco and Brescia . The western slopes of the mountains are drained by the Adda , the central and eastern part of the range by Oglio and other minor rivers and streams, all of them tributaries of the Po . According to SOIUSA ( International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of
110-472: A favourite destination for tourists, both in winter for skiing in the high mountains and in summer to visit the wide valleys and many lakes (the largest being Lake Garda ). South Tyrol has an area of 7,398 square kilometres (2,856 square miles), all of it mountainous land and covered by vast forests. The climate is of the continental type, owing to the influence of the many mountain ranges which stand at well over 3,000 metres (9,800 feet) above sea level and
165-597: A large part of the Dolomites and the southern Alps . The region is composed of two provinces, Trentino in the south and South Tyrol in the north. Trentino has an area of 6,207 km (2,397 sq mi), most of it mountainous land (20% is over 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and 70% over 1,000 m) and covered by vast forests (50% of the territory). The climate is various through the province, from an alpine climate to subcontinental one, with warm and variable summers and cold and quite snowy winters. The region has always been
220-711: A non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities. The region has a population of about 1,072,276 people (541,098 in Trentino and 531,178 in South Tyrol). The population density in the region is low compared to Italy as a whole. In 2008, it equalled to 77.62 inhabitants per square kilometre (201.0/sq mi), whereas
275-601: A total of 110 provinces. In May 2012, a referendum abolished the eight provinces of Sardinia, and this suppression was to take effect on 1 March 2013. On 6 July 2012, new plans were published to reduce the number of provinces by around half. In January 2014 the Sardinian Regional Administrative Court declared "unconstitutional" the abolition of the Sardinian provinces. In 2014 the Delrio Law transformed
330-448: Is German (62% of the population), although in the capital city Bolzano 73% of the population speaks Italian as its maternal language due to internal immigration from other regions of Italy. Italian speakers are also a significant component in other major urban centres of the province, such as in Merano (49% Italian as the mother language) and Brixen (26% mother language). More than 90% of
385-461: Is a major exporter of hydroelectric power. The most important features of the region's economic structure are the strength of tourism and the special system of co-operation between agriculture and industry. In the last decade, tourism became a very important component of the province's economy. The region, which is a staging-post between the countries of northern Europe and central and southern Italy, has found its true vocation in this leading branch of
440-450: Is also a Prefect ( prefetto ), a representative of the central government who heads an agency called prefettura-ufficio territoriale del governo . The Questor ( questore ) is the head of State Police ( Polizia di Stato ) in the province and his office is called questura . There is also a provincial police force depending from local government, called provincial police ( polizia provinciale ). The Aosta Valley region
495-415: Is an autonomous region of Italy , located in the northern part of the country. The region has a population of 1.1 million, of whom 62% speak Italian as their mother tongue, 30% speak South Tyrolean German and several foreign languages are spoken by immigrant communities. Since the 1970s, most legislative and administrative powers have been transferred to the two self-governing provinces that make up
550-484: Is divided into two autonomous provinces : Trentino (Autonomous Province of Trento) and South Tyrol (Autonomous Province of Bolzano). The Italian Republic recognised a certain degree of autonomy for the region and its two constituent provinces, which was the result of the Gruber–De Gasperi Agreement of 1946, as well as of the special status of autonomy approved by constitutional law in 1948. This statute gave
605-408: Is not divided into provinces due to its size, but straight to the comune level. South Tyrol and Trentino are autonomous provinces, unlike all other provinces they have the same legislative powers as regions and are not subordinated to Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , the region they are part of. Based on the most recent legislation, contained in the law of 7 April 2014 n. 56, the council and
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#1732844325539660-615: The 2016 Italian constitutional referendum , the provinces of Italy were still kept alive under provisions of the Delrio Constitutional Law to be merged in a smaller number of union of provinces. Provinces are often deemed useless by their critics, and many proposals were made in the 2010s to eliminate them. The difficulty of changing the Constitution of Italy and the opposition of groups of politicians and citizens halted any proposal of reform. In 2013, during his speech to
715-614: The Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province). Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions . A province of the Italian Republic is composed of many municipalities ( comune ). Usually several provinces together form a region; the region of Aosta Valley is the sole exception—it is not subdivided into provinces, and provincial functions are exercised by
770-581: The Austrian Empire . Eventually, in 1870, following the union of Rome and its province from the Papal States , the provinces rose in number to 69. After the World War I , new territories were annexed to Italy. The province of Trento was created in 1923. Provinces of La Spezia and Trieste in 1923, while Ionio in 1924. In 1924 the new provinces of Fiume , Pola , and Zara were created, increasing
825-647: The Duchy of Bavaria received the remaining part. From the 11th century onwards, part of the region was governed by the prince-bishops of Trent and Brixen , to whom the Holy Roman Emperors had given extensive temporal powers over their bishoprics. Soon, they were overruled by the Counts of Tyrol and Counts of Görz , who also controlled the Puster Valley : in 1363 its last titular, Margarete, Countess of Tyrol ceded
880-726: The Mòcheni Valley . There are also Ladin-speaking minorities living in the Fassa Valley and in Non Valley (3.5% of the population). While in Fassa Valley Ladin already enjoys official status, in Non Valley it still does not, despite there being more Ladin speakers in the latter than in the former. Sole Valley also historically belongs to the Ladin area. In South Tyrol the majority language
935-757: The Po plain . The Bergamasque Prealps are subdivided into three supergroups: Some notable summits of the range are: Provinces of Italy The provinces of Italy ( Italian : province d'Italia ) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic , on an intermediate level between a municipality ( comune ) and a region ( regione ). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level". There are currently 107 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 80 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 14 metropolitan cities , as well as
990-552: The province of Oristano in 1974. In a reorganization in 1992 eight provinces were created: Verbano-Cusio-Ossola , Biella , Lecco , Lodi , Rimini , Prato , Crotone , and Vibo Valentia , while Forlì was renamed as Forlì-Cesena . Four new provinces were created in Sardinia in 2001, with effect from 2005: Olbia-Tempio , Ogliastra , Medio Campidano , and Carbonia-Iglesias . In 2004 three further provinces were created: Monza and Brianza , Fermo , and Barletta-Andria-Trani , making
1045-470: The 120,000 Italian speakers live in Bozen/Bolzano, Merano, Leifers and Brixen, and the greater part of the rest in the small towns south of the capital just north of the border with Trentino or scattered about in very small numbers throughout the rest of the province. The Italian language is a majority in 5 of 116 municipalities. Italian is the first language of 26% of the population (down from 35% in 1960) of
1100-635: The Alpine Foothills and put it under the administration of Gauleiter Franz Hofer . The region was de facto annexed to the German Reich (with the addition of the province of Belluno ) until the end of the war. This status ended along with the Nazi regime and Italian rule was restored in 1945. Italy and Austria negotiated the Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement in 1946, put into effect in 1947 when
1155-516: The Alps ) the mountain range is an Alpine subsection, classified in the following way: The Bergamo Prealps stretch between Lake Como (west) and Lake Iseo (east). They are separated from the Bergamo Alps (north) by some secondary valleys of Val Brembana , Val Seriana and Val Camonica : Valsassina , Valtorta , Val Secca, Valcanale, Val Nembo, Val di Scalve and Val Paisco. Towards south they end with
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#17328443255391210-598: The Austrian government. The issue became the cause of significant friction between the two countries and was taken up by the United Nations in 1960. A fresh round of negotiations took place in 1961 but proved unsuccessful, partly because of popular discontent and a campaign of terrorism and bombings by German-speaking autonomists and separatists led by the South Tyrolean Liberation Committee . The issue
1265-705: The Chamber of Deputies, Enrico Letta , the newly appointed Prime Minister of Italy , announced that a revision of the second part of the constitution was needed, in order to change the bicameral parliamentary system and to abolish the provinces. The proposal, presented during the Renzi government , was rejected in the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum held on 4 December. [REDACTED] Media related to Provinces of Italy at Wikimedia Commons Trentino-Alto Adige Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol ( Italian : Trentino-Alto Adige [trenˈtiːno ˈalto ˈaːdidʒe] )
1320-515: The Provincial Executive. President (Commissioner) and members of Council are elected together by mayors and city councilors of each municipality of the province. The Executive is chaired by the President (Commissioner) who appoint others members, called assessori . Since 2015, the President (Commissioner) and other members of the council will not receive a salary. In each province, there
1375-508: The average figure for Italy was 201.50 per square kilometre (521.9/sq mi). The population density in Trentino was 86.56 inhabitants per square kilometre (224.2/sq mi), slightly higher than the one registered in South Tyrol that was equal to 70.14 per square kilometre (181.7/sq mi). As of 2011 , the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 90,321 foreigners lived in
1430-706: The data is updated as of 1 January 2021. In 1861, at the birth of the Kingdom of Italy , there were 59 provinces. However, at that time the national territory was smaller than the current one: regions of Veneto , Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , and Lazio were not included in the kingdom. In 1866, following the Third Independence War , territories of Veneto, Friuli and Mantua were annexed. There were therefore nine more provinces: Belluno , Mantua , Padua , Rovigo , Treviso , Venice , Verona , Vicenza , and Udine , all previously part of
1485-518: The free municipal consortia in Sicily and the Sardinian provinces are governed by extraordinary commissioners appointed by the respective regional administrations, the autonomous provinces of Trentino-Alto Adige each elect its own president, and finally, in Aosta Valley , the functions of the province are carried out by the regional administration (whose president is elected by the regional council). Note:
1540-488: The new republican Italian constitution was promulgated, that the region would be granted considerable autonomy. German and Italian were both made official languages, and German-language education was permitted once more. The region was called Trentino-Alto Adige/Tiroler Etschland between 1947 and 1972. However, the implementation of the agreement was not seen as satisfactory by neither the German-speaking population nor
1595-583: The outbreak of the Second World War prevented them from fully carrying out the relocation. Nevertheless, thousands of people were relocated to Nazi Germany and only with great difficulties managed to return to their ancestral land after the end of the war. In 1943, when the Italian government signed an armistice with the Allies, the region was occupied by Germany, which reorganised it as the Operation Zone of
1650-577: The political, legislative, administrative, and fiscal institutions. The second statute turned the region de facto into a loose commonwealth with devolved powers to the two autonomous provinces, with very limited legislative or executive competencies left. The capital city is Trento, although the two provincial capitals alternate biennially (the other being Bolzano ) as the site of the regional assembly. The region's fertile valleys produce wine , fruit, dairy products, and timber, while its industries include paper, chemical and metal production. The region
1705-479: The population of 453,000 recorded in the 2011 census, not counting the 51,000 who listed Language as 'Other' who are immigrants. Ladin is the additional official language in some municipalities and a majority in 8. According to the census of 2001, 103 out of 116 communes have a majority of German native speakers, eight of Ladin speakers and five of Italian. Today both German and Italian have the status of co- official languages in South Tyrol. The coat of arms quarters
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1760-418: The presidents of the provinces of the regions with ordinary statute are elected by restricted suffrage by the mayors and councilors of the province's municipalities, while in the metropolitan cities , the equivalent of the president of the province is the (elective) mayor of the capital, called "metropolitan mayor". There are other types of entities similar to the provinces in the regions with special statutes:
1815-516: The province of Friuli was renamed the province of Udine . Following the annexation of a part of Yugoslavia in 1941, during the World War II , the province of Zara was enlarged and joined the Governorate of Dalmatia (comprising the province of Zara , and the new provinces of Spalato , and Cattaro ), while in the occupied central part of the present-day Slovenia the new province of Ljubljana
1870-401: The provinces of Trieste and Gorizia . Moreover, the province of Trieste was occupied by United States and British forces. The Italian Republic therefore had 91 provinces at its birth. The province of Ionio was renamed as Taranto in 1951, and in 1954 the province of Trieste was returned to Italy. The province of Pordenone was created in 1968, the province of Isernia in 1970, and
1925-491: The provinces of Italy in a reduced number of broader administrative entities. In 2014 the Friuli-Venezia Giulia of Debora Serracchiani was the first Italian region to pass a law for abolishing its provinces, while implementing the national reform in the local administrative level. The Friuli region has multiplied four provinces in 18 unions of the Italian administrative unit called comune . After rejection of
1980-499: The region altogether, equal to 8.55% of the total regional population. The main language groups are Italian and German, with small minorities speaking Ladin , Lombard , Mòcheno and Cimbrian . The latter two of which are varieties of the Upper German Bavarian dialect. In Trentino the majority language is Italian, although there are Cimbrian minorities in the municipality of Luserna and four Mòcheno municipalities in
2035-732: The region in 15 BC. After the end of the Western Roman Empire , it was divided between the invading Germanic tribes in the Lombard Duchy of Tridentum (today's Trentino ), the Alamannic Vinschgau , and the Bavarians (who took the remaining part). After the creation of the Kingdom of Italy under Charlemagne , the Marquisate of Verona included the areas south of Bolzano , while
2090-415: The region the right to initiate its own laws on a wide range of subjects and to carry out respective administrative functions. In 1972, the introduction of the second Statute of Autonomy, which was in the centre of the discussions between the Italian and Austrian governments, meant the transfer of the main competencies from the region to the two provinces. The autonomy recognized by the special statute covers
2145-574: The region to the House of Habsburg . The regions north of Salorno were largely Germanized in the early Middle Ages , and important German poets like Arbeo of Freising and Oswald von Wolkenstein were born and lived in the southern part of Tyrol . The two bishoprics were secularized by the Treaty of Lunéville of 1803 and given to the Habsburgs. Two years later, following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz ,
2200-561: The region was a key strategic objective. The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian war effort enabled Italian troops to occupy the region in 1918 and its annexation was confirmed in the post-war treaties, which awarded the region to Italy under the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain . Under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini , the Fascist dictator of Italy (ruled 1922–1943), the German population
2255-549: The region was given to Napoleon's ally Bavaria ( Treaty of Pressburg , 1805). The new rulers provoked a popular rebellion in 1809, led by Andreas Hofer , a landlord from St. Leonhard in Passeier ; this rebellion was crushed the same year. At the resulting Treaty of Paris (28 February 1810), Bavaria ceded the southern part of Tyrol (Trentino and the city of Bolzano) to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy . During French control of
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2310-518: The region was part of the Austrian Empire and its successor Austria-Hungary from 1815 until its 1919 transfer to Italy in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye at the end of World War I . Together with the Austrian state of Tyrol , it is part of the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino . In English language, the region is known as Trentino-South Tyrol or by its Italian name Trentino-Alto Adige . The Romans conquered
2365-614: The region, it was called officially Haut Adige (literally "High Adige ", Italian: "Alto Adige"; German: "Hochetsch") in order to avoid any reference to the historical County of Tyrol. After Napoleon's defeat, in 1815, the region returned to Austria. Under Austrian rule the territory of today's province of South Tyrol was called südliches Tirol or Deutschsüdtirol , but was occasionally also referred to as Mitteltirol , i.e. Middle Tyrol, due to its geographic position, while Südtirol ( Italian : Tirolo meridionale ), i.e. South Tyrol, indicated mostly today's province of Trentino. Trentino
2420-489: The region. The three main functions devolved to provinces are: The number of provinces in Italy has been steadily growing in recent years, as many new ones are carved out of older ones. Usually, the province's name is the same as that of its capital city. According to the 2014 reform, each province is headed by a President (or Commissioner) assisted by a legislative body, the Provincial Council, and an executive body,
2475-512: The region: the province of Trento, commonly known as Trentino , and the province of Bolzano, commonly known as South Tyrol ( Alto Adige in Italian). In South Tyrol, German remains the sizeable majority language . From the 9th century until 1801, the region was part of the Holy Roman Empire . After being part of the short-lived Napoleonic Republic of Italy and Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy ,
2530-567: The separatist tensions soon eased. Matters were helped further by Austria's accession to the European Union in 1995, which has helped to improve cross-border cooperation. In May 2006, senator-for-life Francesco Cossiga introduced a bill that would allow the region to hold a referendum, in which the local electorate could decide whether to stay within the Italian Republic, become fully independent or return to Austria. All parties, including
2585-426: The separatists, rejected this measure as potentially causing a revival of ethnic tensions. The region is bordered by East and North Tyrol (Austria) to the north-east and north respectively, by Graubünden (Switzerland) to the north-west, and by the Italian regions of Lombardy to the west and Veneto to the south and southeast. It covers 13,607 km (5,254 sq mi). It is extremely mountainous, covering
2640-478: The services sector with all its spin-offs. The region has a higher concentration of hotels than any other region (6,178 establishments in 2001 with 236,864 hotel beds). The total accommodation capacity of the region counts for 651,426 beds available in hotels and other establishments. Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol has many small and picturesque villages, 16 of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: The most beautiful Villages of Italy ),
2695-412: The total number of provinces in Italy to 76. In 1927, after a royal charter , a general province rearrangement took place. 17 new provinces were created: Aosta , Vercelli , Varese , Savona , Bolzano , Gorizia , Pistoia , Pescara , Rieti , Terni , Viterbo , Frosinone , Brindisi , Matera , Ragusa , Castrogiovanni , Nuoro . In the same year, the province of Caserta was dissolved, Girgenti
2750-529: The wide valleys through which flow the main river, the Adige , from north to south and its numerous tributaries. In the city of Bolzano , capital of the province, the average air temperature stands at 12.2 °C (54.0 °F) and the average rainfall at 717.7 mm (28.3 in). The lowest pass across the Alps, the Brenner Pass , is located at the far north of the region on the border with Austria . The region
2805-563: Was also called Welschtirol (" Romance Tyrol", Italian: Tirolo italiano ) or Welschsüdtirol ("Romance South Tyrol", Italian: Tirolo meridionale italiano ). Sometimes Südtirol also indicated the whole of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region. During the First World War, major battles were fought high in the Alps and Dolomites between Austro-Hungarian Kaiserjäger and Italian Alpini , for whom control of
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#17328443255392860-545: Was created. This lasted only until 1945, when Yugoslavia regained the lost territories after the end of the World War II. In 1945, after the end of the World War II, the province of Aosta changed its name to Aosta Valley and Littoria to Latina ; the new province of Caserta was recreated. With the Paris Peace Treaties , signed on 10 February 1947, Italy lost the provinces of Fiume , Pola , and Zara , and part of
2915-399: Was renamed Agrigento , and the institution of circondari , sub-provincial wards created before the unification , was abolished. In 1930 Spezia became La Spezia , while in 1931 Bari delle Puglie became Bari . Province of Littoria (Latina) was created in 1934, and the province of Asti in 1935. n 1939 the province of Aquila degli Abruzzi became the province of L'Aquila , and in 1940
2970-533: Was resolved in 1971, when a new Austro-Italian treaty was signed and ratified. It stipulated that disputes in South Tyrol would be submitted for settlement to the International Court of Justice in The Hague , that the province would receive greater autonomy within Italy, and that Austria would not interfere in South Tyrol's internal affairs. The new agreement proved broadly satisfactory to the parties involved and
3025-557: Was subjected to an increased forced programme of Italianization : all references to old Tyrol were banned and the region was referred to as Venezia Tridentina between 1919 and 1947, in an attempt to justify the Italian claims to the area by historically linking the region to one of the Roman Regions of Italy (Regio X Venetia et Histria ). Hitler and Mussolini agreed in 1938 that the German-speaking population would be transferred to German-ruled territory or dispersed around Italy, but
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