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54-544: Belgaum (Kannada ISO : Bēḷagāma , IPA: [beːɭɐɡaːmɐ] ), officially known as Belagavi (also Belgaon ), is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located in its northern part along the Western Ghats . It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Belagavi division and Belagavi district . The Government of Karnataka has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka alongside Bangalore , hence

108-591: A tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ). It is known for its pleasant year-round climate. Belgaum is at its coldest in winter (lowest temperature in Karnataka is usually recorded in Belgaum) and it experiences almost continuous monsoon rains from June through September. Belgaum sometimes receives hail storms during April. According to the 1881 census, 64.39% of the population of Belgaum district were Kannada speakers and 26.04% spoke Marathi . As per

162-460: A Jain temple, dedicated to Neminatha in 1204, which came to be called Kamalabasti. Pillars found inside Belgaum fort have Kannada inscriptions in Nagari scripts, one from 1199 by Ratta King Kartaveerya IV. The city's original name was Venugram, a Sanskrit word which means "village of bamboo". Alternatively, it is referred to as Venugram in early Indian texts, which means "city of bamboo". Belgaum became

216-425: A class of territories: In these classifications, Part A states had a Governor , Part B states had a Rajpramukh and Part C states had a commissioner . The demand for states to be organized on a linguistic basis was developed even before India achieved independence from British rule. A first-of-its-kind linguistic movement started in 1895, in what is now Odisha . The movement gained momentum in later years with

270-578: A day covering an effective distance of 2374,000 km with a total fleet of 7599 buses. It transports, on an average, 2457,000 passengers per day. The North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation was established on 1 November 1997, under provision of the Road Transport Corporation Act 1950, on the auspicious day of Karnataka Rajyotsava upon bifurcation from Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation to provide adequate, efficient, economic and properly coordinated transport services to

324-469: A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , remained separate states. The Government of India Act 1935 remained the constitutional law of India pending adoption of a new Constitution. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states and

378-673: A part of the Yadava dynasty kingdom (Sevunas) in early 13th century. An inscription from 1261 of King Krishna belonging to the Yadava dynasty attests to this. The region was invaded by Khalji dynasty of Delhi Sultanate in 14th century. Shortly thereafter, the Vijayanagara Empire was founded, and Belgaum came under the rule of Vijayanagara. In 1474, the Bahmani Sultanate conquered Belgaum with an army led by Mahmud Gawan . The Belgaum fort

432-605: A population of around 4.8 million according to the census of 2011. Belgaum district is the biggest district of Karnataka. Situated near the foothills of the Sahyadri mountain range ( Western Ghats ) at an altitude of about 779 m (2,556 ft), 100 km (62 mi) from the Arabian Sea with the Markandeya river flowing nearby, Belgaum exhibits swift and kaleidoscopic changes in topography, vegetation and climate. Belgaum has

486-403: A report on 30 September 1955, with recommendations for the reorganisation of India's states, which was then debated by the Indian parliament. Subsequently, bills were passed to make changes to the constitution and to administer the reorganisation of the states. The States Reorganisation Act was enacted on 31 August 1956. Before it came into effect on 1 November, an important amendment was made to

540-561: A result of the reforms of the early 20th century, most of the British provinces had directly elected legislatures as well as governors, although some of the smaller provinces were governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the Governor-General. Major reforms put forward by the British in the 1930s also recognized the principle of federalism , which was carried forward into the governance of independent India. On 15 August 1947, British India

594-486: A second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhana Soudha was inaugurated on 11 October 2012. Belgaum has been selected in first phase out of 20 cities, as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under India's flagship Smart Cities Mission . Belgaum was founded in late 12th century AD by the Ratta dynasty , who shifted from nearby Saundatti . A Ratta official named Bichiraja built Kamal Basadi ,

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648-574: Is a dispute involving the Indian states of Karnataka and Maharashtra . Belgaum, currently a part of Karnataka and earlier the erstwhile Bombay Presidency , is claimed by Maharashtra on linguistic grounds. In 1956, the States Reorganization Act incorporated the Belgaum district including the 10 taluks in the Mysore state , which became Karnataka in 1973. Though according to the 1881 census, 64.39% of

702-684: Is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN),

756-487: Is being set up along the Pune-Bangalore National Highway (NH-4) to cater to the precision engineering requirements of the global aerospace, automotive and industrial verticals. Belgaum's salubrious climate, proximity to the coast and strategic position near Portuguese Goa commended it to the British as a suitable location for an army training centre and cantonment , which it continues to be today for

810-546: Is in the northwestern parts of Karnataka and lies at the border of two states, Maharashtra and Goa on the western ghats (50 km (31 mi) from the Goa state border). It is one of the oldest towns in the state, lying 502 km (312 mi) from Bangalore , 500 km (310 mi) from Mumbai , 515 km (320 mi) from Hyderabad , and 600 km (370 mi) from Mysore . The district comprises 1278 villages with an area of 13,415 km (5,180 sq mi) and

864-606: Is mandatory for all Infantry Officers. Officers of Other branches of the military and even some foreign officers undertake the course, upon being nominated to do so. In between the Military Hospital and the Junior Leaders Wing lies the Belgaum Military School , established in 1945 spread over an area of 64 acres (26 ha). The School provides quality education to sons of wards of Servicemen and Ex Servicemen of

918-469: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . States Reorganisation Act The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories , organising them along linguistic lines. Although additional changes to India's state boundaries have been made since 1956,

972-1143: Is noted for a specific kind of biryani , the Belgaum Biryani , which uses Belgaum Basmati Rice for its preparation. Belgaum is known for kunda , a milk-based sweet. Another sweet, called maande in Marathi and mandige in Kannada, is a prerequisite for weddings. Belgaum is connected by road via national highways 4 (connecting Maharashtra (now part of the Golden Quadrilateral), Karnataka , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu ) and 4A (connecting Karnataka and Goa ). North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) run buses to all corners of Karnataka and to neighbouring states. There are many prominent private bus companies providing services to all major destinations in Karnataka and surrounding states. KSRTC services almost all villages in Karnataka. 92% villages are served by KSRTC (6,743 out of 7,298 Villages) and 44% in other areas. KSRTC operates 6463 schedules in

1026-741: Is setting up a national-level training institution (for jungle warfare) at Khanapur in Belgaum. The establishment, called the CoBRA School of Jungle Warfare is already operational. The cuisine of Belgaum is derived from the food cultures of three regions Karnataka , Konkan and Maharashtra . Typical breakfast items include poori-bhaji, idli-dosa, uppit (upma), sheera, sabudana khichadi and sabuvada. Chapatis, rice, Jolada Rotti (bhakari/jowar rotti), thalipeeth, jhunka and vegetables are eaten for lunch. Non-vegetarian preparations such as various seafoods are cooked in Goan, Maharashtrian, and North Karnataka style. Belgaum

1080-732: The Constitution of India , Article 3. British India , which included present-day India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Myanmar , was divided into two types of territories: the Provinces of British India , which were governed directly by British officials responsible to the Governor-General of India ; and the Indian States , under the rule of local hereditary rulers who recognized British suzerainty in return for continued authority over their own realms, in most cases as established by treaty. As

1134-581: The Indian Armed Forces , along with an air force station of the Indian Air Force . The British had a sizeable infantry post here, having realised the military importance of its geographical location. Development of a rail network for movement of resources and later troops was one of the means employed by both the East India Company and the British to exert control over India. Belgaum houses

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1188-584: The Maratha Light Infantry Regimental Centre (MLIRC). It also houses the Commando Training Wing which is a part of the Junior Leaders Wing (formerly known as Infantry School, Belgaum). This establishment is affiliated to The Infantry School, Mhow . Herein, Infantry Officers and Soldiers are trained in endurance, escape and evasion, guerrilla and commando warfare techniques and to live off the land. The commando course at Belgaum

1242-401: The transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in

1296-575: The 'unconstitutional' dissolution of Belgaum city corporation and manhandling of Belgaum mayor by Kannada activists at Bangalore . Even though case is pending in supreme court, in 2019, Deputy CM of Maharashtra Ajit Pawar called for the incorporation of Belgaum along with Karwar and Nipani area in Maharashtra citing it was of dream of Shiv Sena founder Bal Thackeray , a statement reiterated by CM Uddhav Thackeray in January 2021. Thackeray went on to term

1350-483: The 2011 India census , the population of Belgaum city is 490,045. Males constitute 246,537 of the population and females 243,508. Belgaum has an average literacy rate of 88.92%: 93.78% for males and 85.84% for females. 10.71% of the population is under 6 years of age. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 7.84% and 3.26% of the population respectively. Languages of Belgaum City (2011) Languages of Belgaum Taluk (2011) Kannada (37.46%) and Marathi (32.91%) are

1404-565: The Armed Forces. Several of them go on to join the National Defence Academy . The Indo-Tibetan Border Police , ITBP, is building a full-fledged recreation and training centre in Belgaum at Halbhavi. Belgaum provides an excellent climate for recreation and ITBP will have large family bases in Belgaum for its soldiers after high altitude stressful duty. The Central Reserve Police Force Institute of elite central paramilitary forces

1458-868: The Belgaum District. The Government of Maharashtra also operates MSRTC buses from various parts of Maharashtra to Belgaum City and some other parts of the Belgaum District. The city is served by Belgaum Airport at Sambra, which is the oldest airport in North Karnataka and lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the city on State Highway 20 . Belgaum airport is included in UDAN 3 scheme. Alliance Air , Spice Jet , Star Air , IndiGo and TruJet have flights to Bangalore , Hyderabad , Mysore , Kadapa , Tirupati , Surat , Ahmedabad , Indore , Mumbai , Pune , Nagpur , Kolhapur , Nashik and Chennai . Flight connectivity to Jodhpur will be soon started by Star Air in

1512-671: The Constitution of India. Under the Seventh Amendment, the existing terminology of Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D states was altered. The distinction between Part A and Part B states was removed, becoming known simply as "states". A new type of entity, the Union Territory, replaced the classification as a Part C or Part D state. A further Act also came into effect on 1 November 1956, transferring certain territories from Bihar to West Bengal . The States Reorganisation Act of 1956

1566-526: The Indian states were reorganised along linguistic lines by the States Reorganisation Act and Belgaum including 10 taluks of Bombay State were transferred to Mysore State , which was renamed Karnataka in 1973. In 2006, the Government of Karnataka announced that Belgaum would be made the state's second capital, and that the city would be a permanent venue for the annual 15-day winter session of

1620-712: The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb overthrew the Bijapur sultanate and Belgaum passed nominally to the Mughals, who called it "Azamnagar". However, the Mughal empire control collapsed after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The Maratha confederacy took control of the area during the rule of the Peshwas . In 1776, the region was overrun by Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan after Hyder Ali's coup in the Kingdom of Mysore . The Peshwa regained Belgaum, after Tipu Sultan

1674-844: The PG centre was shifted to the present campus of 172 acres of land at Bhutramanahatti adjacent to the Pune-Bangalore National Highway – 4 NH 4 , about 18 km from Belgaum. Karnatak University PG Centre has been declared as Rani Channamma University in the month of July 2010 with the jurisdiction of Belgaum, Vijaypur , and Bagalkot districts. Newspapers include Vijaya Karnataka , Vijay Vani , Kannada Prabha , Samyukta Karnataka , Prajavani , and Kannadamma in Kannada ; The Times of India and Deccan Herald in English, and Tarun Bharat , Sakaal , Pudhari in Marathi . ISO 15919 ISO 15919

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1728-488: The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 remains the most extensive change in state boundaries after the independence of India. The Act came into effect at the same time as the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 , which (among other things) restructured the constitutional framework for India's existing states and the requirements to pass the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 under the provisions of Part I of

1782-671: The States Reorganisation Commission in December 1953, with the remit to reorganise the Indian states. The new commission was headed by the retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court , Fazal Ali ; its other two members were H. N. Kunzru and K. M. Panikkar . The efforts of the commission were overseen by Govind Ballabh Pant , who served as the Home Minister from December 1954. The States Reorganisation Commission submitted

1836-603: The abundance of water). Trading in North Karnataka is mainly with Goa and Maharashtra along with major cities like Pune , Bangalore and Mangalore . Rich deposits of Bauxite are found in Belgaum district and have led to the creation of the Indian aluminium -producing company Hindalco Industries of the Aditya Birla Group . Uranium deposits have been found at Deshnur, a small village near Bailhongal town. The Belgaum District Report provides detailed information about

1890-433: The ascent of political movements for the creation of new states developed on linguistic lines. The movement to create a Telugu -speaking state out of the northern portion of Madras State gathered strength in the years after independence, and in 1953, the sixteen northern Telugu-speaking districts of Madras State became the new State of Andhra . During the 1950–1956 period, other small changes were made to state boundaries:

1944-432: The commuters of North Western part of Karnataka . The Corporation jurisdiction covers the districts of Belgaum, Dharwad , Karwar , Bagalkot , Gadag & Haveri . NWKRTC operates its services to all villages, which have motorable roads in its jurisdiction, and also covers intra- and inter- state transport operations. The Government of Goa operates KADAMBA bus service from Goa to Belgaum city and some other parts of

1998-449: The demand for a separate Orissa Province to be formed by bifurcating the existing Bihar and Orissa Province . Due to the efforts of Madhusudan Das , the Father of Odia nationalism, the movement eventually achieved its objective in 1936, when Orissa Province became the first Indian state (pre-independence) to be organized on the basis of common languages. The post-independence period saw

2052-584: The future days. Belgaum railway station is on the Indian Railways grid, being part of the South Western railways, and is well connected by rail to major destinations. Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), named after Bharat Ratna Sir M Visweshwariah, is located in Machhe in Belgaum. It has more than 208 affiliated colleges. Over 67,000 students graduate from VTU every year. Rani Channamma University

2106-593: The local agricultural economy. The report describes the work of the pastoralists who herd large numbers of sheep and goats (approx 1.4m in 2003) - some settled in communities and others operating nomadically. They are supported by the Workers Development Union (known as Shramik Abhivrudhi Sangh or Jana Jagran ) an NGO that provides a shepherd training program in sheep care, modern medicines and modern breeding practices. A 300-acre (1.2 km) Special Economic Zone (India's first Private Aerospace SEZ )

2160-506: The police) in the wake of Belgaum City Corporation (BCC) passing a resolution to include the district of Belgaum into Maharashtra , a neighbouring state. Upon his return to Belgaum, Vijay More was served with several show-cause notices by the Government of Karnataka and later dissolved the council. Following this incident, in the following year's election, Prashanta Budavi, wife of KRV (Karnataka Rakshana Vedike) City President Shantinath Budavi

2214-610: The population of Belgaum were Kannada speakers and 26.04% spoke Marathi . In 1948, the Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti , a Belgaum based regional organisation fighting for the merger, was formed. On 17 January 1956, Marathi activists against the inclusion were shot by the police forces of Mysore state. Since then, 17 January is observed as the 'martyr's day' by Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti. On 11 November 2005, Karnataka Rakshna Vedike (KRV) activists daubed Belgaum Mayor Vijay More's face with black paint (and later surrendered to

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2268-673: The predominant languages. Urdu is spoken by 19.82%, while Konkani (2.64%), Hindi (2.42%) and Telugu (1.92%) are also spoken. Belgaum is located in the Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency . In 2006, the Government of Karnataka decided to hold one week sessions of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly every year during the winter season at the Suvarna Vidhana Soudha administrative building, constructed and inaugurated in Belgaum in 2012. The Belgaum border dispute

2322-614: The presidency of Mahatma Gandhi . The city served as a major military installation for the British Raj , primarily due to its proximity to Goa , which was then a Portuguese territory. Once the British left India, the Indian government continued and still continues to have armed forces installations in Belgaum. In 1961, the Indian government, under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , used military forces from Belgaum to end Portuguese rule of Goa . When India became independent in 1947, Belgaum and its district were part of Bombay State . In 1956,

2376-524: The region as 'Karnataka-occupied areas'. The case regarding the dispute is pending before the Supreme Court for many years. The city's humble industrial growth begin when an entrepreneur named Babu Rao Pusalkar set up a small unit in city over a century ago and that transformed Belgaum city into foundry and hydraulics base. Belgaum is an important source of vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, fish, mining production, and wood (due to heavy rainfall, rivers and

2430-624: The small state of Bilaspur was merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 July 1954; and Chandernagore , a former enclave of French India , was incorporated into West Bengal in 1955. The States Reorganisation Commission was preceded by the Linguistic Provinces Commission (also called the Dhar Commission), which was set up in June 1948. It rejected language as a parameter for dividing states. Later, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed

2484-535: The state legislature. On 1 November 2014, the city's name was changed from Belgaum to Belagavi by the Karnataka government, with approval of the central government of India along with 12 other cities. Belgaum is known as Belgaon (IPA: [beːɭɡaːʋ] ) in Maharashtra and amongst Marathi people . Belgaum is located at 15°52′N 74°30′E  /  15.87°N 74.5°E  / 15.87; 74.5 . It has an average elevation of 770 metres (2,530 feet). The city

2538-629: The table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There

2592-491: Was annexed by India , and the status of Kashmir became the subject of conflict between India and Pakistan . Between 1947 and about 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union. Several states were merged into existing provinces; others were organized into unions, such as Rajputana , Himachal Pradesh , Madhya Bharat , and Vindhya Pradesh , made up of multiple princely states;

2646-503: Was appointed as mayor of the Belgaum City Corporation. Maharashtra has asked to bring 865 disputed villages including Belgaum under centre's rule until Supreme court 's final verdict. N.D. Patil, head of legal-committee appointed by Maharashtra government said that Karnataka is intensifying the problem. He added that Marathi people of border region are not able to live with honour and dignity under Karnataka's rule pointing out to

2700-700: Was defeated by the British forces. In 1818, the British annexed Belgaum and the region in the control of the Peshwa. Kitturu Chennamma (1778–1829) was the queen of the princely state of Kittur in Karnataka and in 1824 she led an unsuccessful armed rebellion against the British in response to the Doctrine of lapse . Belgaum was chosen as the venue of the 39th session of the Indian National Congress in December 1924 under

2754-636: Was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for

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2808-526: Was established in 2010 by upgrading the post-graduate centre of Karnatak University, Dharwad. Before the Rani Channamma University came into being in 2010, Karnatak University KRCPG Centre of Karnatak University, Dharwad was functioning at Belgaum. The Karnatak University PG Centre was established at Belgaum in the year 1982, to provide an opportunity to develop access to the students for higher education hailing from North Karnataka Region. In 1994

2862-428: Was granted independence as the separate dominions of India and Pakistan . The British dissolved their treaty relations with more than five hundred princely states, who were encouraged to accede to either India or Pakistan, while under no compulsion to do so. Most of the states acceded to India, and a few to Pakistan. Bhutan , Hyderabad and Kashmir opted for independence; Bhutan remains independent, but Hyderabad

2916-420: Was strengthened by the Adil Shah dynasty Sultans and they built the Safa Mosque. A Persian inscription states that the mosque was built by Asad Khan , a Bijapur commander. In 1518, the Bahamani sultanate splintered into five small states and Belgaum became part of the Bijapur Sultanate . The Adilshahis extended their control to the port of Goa, but retreated after the arrival and wars with the Portuguese. In 1686,

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