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69-609: Beit Castel used to be the home of the Israeli artist, Moshe Castel whose works are presented in the Vatican and Knesset . Castel was described by Gideon Ofrat in a Jerusalem Post as a singular artist in part due to his Volcanic ash art technique. The house, over time decayed was sold by Moshe Castel to his friend Yakov Hadad. Yakov Hadad as a boy was the court boy of Israeli giants such as Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel and Moshe Castel and used to assist others such as Nahum Gutman in order to make

138-428: A "Purim General." A study published in 2023 by Goldstein and Huri concluded that Jabotinsky never made the 1938 speech attributed to him. Although Jabotinsky gave a speech on that day, the text was different. The earliest mention of the alleged prophetic content that Goldstein and Huri could locate was published in 1958 by the same associate of Jabotinsky who had published the original text in 1938, possibly to bolster

207-499: A Hebrew name: Vladimir became Ze'ev ("wolf"). During the pogroms, he organized self-defence units in Jewish communities across Russia and fought for the civil rights of the Jewish population as a whole. His slogan was, "Better to have a gun and not need it than to need it and not have it!" Another slogan was, "Jewish youth, learn to shoot!" In 1903, he was elected as a Russian delegate to

276-574: A Hebrew!” His views were adopted by some Zionist publications, including Cahiers du Bétar , a monthly in Tunisia. In his study of the formative leaders of the Zionist movement and the State of Israel, Zeev Tzahor describes Jabotinsky as "a dazzling intellectual, an exceptional writer and a brilliant statesman...A charming man fluent in many languages, sensitive to cultural nuances, and profoundly knowledgeable in

345-465: A bit of money for his family. Yakov Hadad has since rebuilt the gallery, turning the house itself into what was described by Israeli Channel 1 as a work of art. In fact, the house (now gallery) itself is located in proximity to the houses of artists such as Shimshon Holzman and Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel in Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel / Moshe Castel streets (Tet'Vav/Tet'Zain street). The art in

414-602: A child, he wrote in his autobiography that his upbringing was divorced from Jewish faith and tradition. His mother ran a stationery store in Odessa. Jabotinsky dropped out of school at the age of 17 with a guarantee of a job as a correspondent for a local Odessan newspaper, the Odesskiy Listok , and was sent to Bern and Rome as a correspondent. He also worked for the Odesskie Novosti after his return from Italy. Jabotinsky

483-494: A member of the Irgun -affiliated Bergson Group. Eri Jabotinsky briefly served in the 1st Knesset of Israel; he died on 6 June 1969 age 58 -one year younger than his father had been when he died at the age of 59. Jabotinsky died of a heart attack shortly before midnight on 3 August 1940, while he was visiting a Jewish self-defense camp run by Betar in Hunter, New York . Jabotinsky

552-543: A news reporter to Odessa, he was arrested in April 1902 for writing feuilletons in an anti-establishment tone, as well as contributing to a radical Italian journal. He was held isolated in a prison cell in the city for two months, where he communicated with other inmates through shouting and passing written notes. In October 1907 Jabotinsky married Joanna (or Ania) Galperina. Prior to the Kishinev pogrom of 1903, Jabotinsky joined

621-682: A plan for an armed Jewish revolt in Palestine. He sent the plan to the Irgun High Command in six coded letters. Jabotinsky proposed that he and other "illegals" would arrive by boat in the heart of Palestine – preferably Tel Aviv – in October 1939. The Irgun would ensure that they successfully landed and escaped, by whatever means necessary. They would then occupy key centers of British power in Palestine, chief among them Government House in Jerusalem, raise

690-505: A speech that Polish Jews were "living on the edge of the volcano" and warned that the situation in Poland could drastically worsen sometime in the near future. "Catastrophe is approaching. ... I see a terrible picture ... the volcano that will soon spew out its flames of extermination," he said. Jabotinsky went on to warn Jews in Europe that they should leave for Palestine as soon as possible. There

759-453: Is much discussion about whether or not Jabotinsky actually predicted the Holocaust. In his writings and public appearances, he warned against the dangers of an outbreak of violence against the Jewish population of Central and Eastern Europe. However, as late as August 1939, he was certain that war would be averted. The General Jewish Labour Bund ridiculed Jabotinsky and his warnings calling him

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828-573: The 20th Battalion of the London Regiment . In 1917, the government agreed to establish three Jewish battalions, initiating the Jewish Legion . As an honorary lieutenant in the 38th Royal Fusiliers , Jabotinsky saw action in Palestine in 1918. His battalion was one of the first to enter Transjordan. He was demobilised in September 1919, soon after he complained to Field Marshal Allenby about

897-472: The Baltic States , Nazi Germany , Hungary and Romania to Palestine over the span of the next ten years. The plan was first proposed on 8 September 1936 in the conservative Polish newspaper Czas, the day after Jabotinsky organized a conference where more details of the plan were laid out; the emigration would take 10 years and would include 750,000 Jews from Poland, with 75,000 between age of 20–39 leaving

966-511: The Beit Castel art gallery). In 1949, Castel married Bilhah (née Bauman), an actress. In 1947, Castel helped to found the "New Horizons" ( Ofakim Hadashim ) group together with Yosef Zaritsky , Yehezkel Streichman , Marcel Janco and others. In 1959, he purchased a studio in Montparnasse where he worked for several months a year. In 1955, a solo exhibition of his works was mounted at

1035-676: The British Colonial Office that he would not be allowed to return to Palestine. Italy and Mussolini were a source of ideological, historical and cultural inspiration for the Zionist Revisionists of the 1920s and 1930s. From the early 1930s onwards Jabotinsky believed that the United Kingdom could no longer be trusted to advance the Zionist cause and that Italy, as a growing power capable of challenging Britain for dominance in

1104-677: The Bund . In 1905, he was one of the co-founders of the "Union for Rights Equality of Jewish People in Russia". The following year, he was one of the chief speakers at the 3rd All-Russian Conference of Zionists in Helsinki , Finland , which called upon the Jews of Europe to engage in Gegenwartsarbeit (work in the present) and to join together to demand autonomy for ethnic minorities in Russia. This liberal approach

1173-617: The Ecole de Paris ) at his studio in Tel Aviv, where he encountered the influence of modern French art. His teacher, Shmuel Ben David , encouraged him to study art in Paris . Castel traveled to Paris in 1927, where he attended Académie Julian and Ecole du Louvre . He sat in the Louvre copying the works of Rembrandt , Velasquez , Delacroix and Courbet , intrigued by their paint-layering techniques. It

1242-654: The Museum of Modern art in New York , in the Vatican , in the San Francisco Museum of art as well as in the Israeli parliament, supreme court and Israeli presidential residence. His museum in summer of 2024 showcased an exhibition of 74 artists including Naftali Bezem , Yosef Ostrovsky and Yitzhak Alexander Frenkel (Frenel) . Ze%27ev Jabotinsky Ze'ev Jabotinsky MBE (born Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky ; 17 October 1880  – 3 August 1940)

1311-617: The Nazirite , 1927), set in Biblical times, describes Jabotinsky's ideal of an active, daring, warrior form of Jewish life. His novel Pyatero ( The Five , written 1935, published 1936 in Paris) has been described as "a work that probably has the truest claim to being the great Odessa novel. ... It contains poetic descriptions of early-twentieth-century Odessa, with nostalgia-tinged portraits of its streets and smells, its characters and passions." Although it

1380-747: The Ottoman Empire and had settled in Egypt . The unit served with distinction in the Battle of Gallipoli . When the Zion Mule Corps was disbanded, Jabotinsky traveled to London, where he continued his efforts to establish Jewish units to fight in Palestine as part of the British Army . Although Jabotinsky did not serve with the Zion Mule Corps, Trumpeldor, Jabotinsky and 120 Zion Mule Corps members did serve in Platoon 16 of

1449-632: The Sixth Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland. After Theodor Herzl 's death in 1904, he became the leader of the right-wing Zionists. That year he moved to Saint Petersburg and became one of the co-editors for the Russophone magazine Yevreiskaya Zhyzn (Jewish Life), which after 1907 became the official publishing body of the Zionist movement in Russia. In the pages of the newspaper, Jabotinsky wrote fierce polemics against supporters of assimilation and

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1518-683: The Tel Aviv Museum of Art . His murals hang in the Knesset , Binyanei HaUma Convention Center, Rockefeller Center in New York, and the official residence of the President of Israel in Jerusalem. In the 1930s and 1940s, many of Castel's paintings depicted the lives of Sephardic Jews in the Holy Land, revealing the influence of Persian miniatures. From the 1950s on, Castel created relief paintings inspired by

1587-606: The Zionist Commission , alleging that they provoked the Arabs. The court blamed " Bolshevism " claiming that it "flowed in Zionism's inner heart", and ironically identified the fiercely anti-socialist Jabotinsky with the socialist-aligned Poalei Zion ('Zionist Workers') party, which it called 'a definite Bolshevist institution.' In 1920, Jabotinsky was elected to the first Assembly of Representatives in Palestine. The following year he

1656-576: The Zionist movement , where he soon gained a reputation as a powerful speaker and an influential leader. With more pogroms looming on the horizon, he established the Jewish Self-Defense Organization, a Jewish militant group, to safeguard Jewish communities throughout Russia. He became a source of great controversy in the Russian Jewish community as a result of these actions. Around this time, he began learning modern Hebrew , and took

1725-503: The "ancient predecessors of Hebrew civilization." In 1948, he visited the ruins of an ancient synagogue in Korazin , an ancient Jewish town in the Galilee . Inspired by the basalt blocks he saw there, engraved with images and ornaments, he began to use ground basalt, which he molded into shapes, as his basic material. The technique utilized ground basalt rock mixed with sand and glue, infused with

1794-720: The British Army's attitude towards Zionism and the reduction of the Jewish Legion to just one battalion. His appeals to the British government failed to reverse the decision, but in December 1919 he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his service. After Ze'ev Jabotinsky was discharged from the British Army in September 1919, he openly trained Jews in warfare and

1863-459: The Hebrew ought to be proud and independent. The Yid is disgusting to all; the Hebrew should charm all. The Yid has accepted submission; the Hebrew ought to know how to command. The Yid likes to hide with bated breath from the eyes of strangers; the Hebrew, with brazenness and greatness, should march ahead to the entire world, look them straight and deep in their eyes and hoist them his banner: “I am

1932-613: The Jewish national flag, and fend off the British for at least 24 hours whatever the cost. Zionist leaders in Western Europe and the United States would then declare an independent Jewish state and would function as a provisional government-in-exile. Although Irgun commanders were impressed by the plan, they were concerned over the heavy losses they would doubtless incur in carrying it out. Avraham Stern proposed simultaneously landing 40,000 armed young immigrants in Palestine to help launch

2001-576: The Jewish way of life in Europe and saw the new "Hebrew" as a radical redefinition of the Jewish culture and values at the time. In 1905 he wrote: To imagine what a true Hebrew is, to picture his image in our minds, we have no example from which to draw. Instead, we must use the method of ipcha mistavra (Aramaic for deriving something from its opposite): We take as our starting point the Yid (used here as pejorative for Jew) of today, and try to imagine in our minds his exact opposite. Let us erase from that picture all

2070-685: The Jews from Spain in 1492. His father was born in Hebron . He opened religious schools for Sephardi boys in the Nahalat Shiv'a and Bukharim quarters of Jerusalem. Moshe grew up in the Bukharim neighborhood, where he attended his father's school. At the age of 13, he was accepted to the Bezalel Art School , directed by Boris Schatz , where he studied from 1921 to 1925. During the weekends of 1925-1927 he would study under Yitzhak Frenkel (a painter of

2139-568: The Nazis; he also proposed Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion the creation of a united front for policy and relief. In 1898, Jabotinsky was sent to Rome as a correspondent for Odessky Listok, writing columns under the pen name "V. Egal, "Vl. Egal" "V.E." for more than a year. His first application for a job at Odesskiya Novosti was turned down, but after the editor, J.M. Heifetz, saw his writing for Odessky Listok, he hired him. At that point, Jabotinsky changed his pen name to Altalena, which he confesses

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2208-567: The Television series: The Beauty Queen of Jerusalem . Moshe Castel Moshe Castel ( Hebrew : משה קסטל ; 1909 – December 12, 1991) was an Israeli painter. Moshe Elazar Castel born in Jerusalem , Ottoman Palestine , in 1909, to Rabbi Yehuda Castel and his wife Rachel. The family was descended from Spanish Jews from Castile who immigrated to the Holy Land after the expulsion of

2277-405: The campaign to relocate Jabotinsky's remains to Israel. On the anniversary of Tisha B'Av (August 1938), Jabotinsky said: It is already three years that I am calling upon you, Polish Jewry, who are the crown of world Jewry. I continue to warn you incessantly that a catastrophe is coming closer. I became grey and old in these years. My heart bleeds, that you, dear brothers and sisters, do not see

2346-524: The contrary, that no one will expel from the Land of Israel its Arab inhabitants, either all or a portion of them -- this is, first of all, immoral, and secondly, impossible." Jabotinsky was convinced that there was no way for the Jews to regain any part of Palestine without opposition from the Arabs. In 1934, he wrote a draft constitution for the Jewish state which declared that Arabs would be on an equal footing with their Jewish counterparts "throughout all sectors of

2415-521: The country each year. Jabotinsky stated that his goal was to reduce Jewish population in the countries involved, to levels that would make them disinterested in its further reduction. The same year he toured Eastern Europe , meeting with the Polish Foreign Minister, Colonel Józef Beck ; the Regent of Hungary , Admiral Miklós Horthy ; and Prime Minister Gheorghe Tătărescu of Romania to discuss

2484-410: The country's public life." The two communities would share the state's duties, both military and civil service, and enjoy its prerogatives. Jabotinsky proposed that Hebrew and Arabic should enjoy equal status, and that "in every cabinet where the prime minister is a Jew, the vice-premiership shall be offered to an Arab and vice versa." Jabotinsky viewed Zionism as a complete cultural departure from

2553-466: The evacuation plan. The plan gained the approval of all three governments but caused considerable controversy within the Jewish community of Poland , on the grounds that it played into the hands of antisemites. In particular, the fact that the 'evacuation plan' had the approval of the Polish government was taken by many Polish Jews as indicating Jabotinsky had gained the endorsement of what they considered to be

2622-410: The gallery was mostly produced by several well known artists of the quarter such as Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel , Shimshon Holzman , Rolly Schaffer , Moshe Castel , Aaron Yaackobson and others. The art in the gallery is a mixture of modern art from the early 20th century up into the modern day, representing the breadth of modern Jewish art in pre-state Israel and the modern state of Israel. The gallery

2691-587: The mainstream Zionist movement recognize as its stated objective the establishment of a Jewish state on both banks of the Jordan River . His main goal was to establish, with the help of the British Empire, a modern Jewish state in which equality of rights for its Arab minority were upheld. He maintained, however, that this could only be achieved through force, and condemned the "vegetarians" and "peace mongers" in mainstream Zionism who believed that this could be achieved peacefully. His philosophy contrasted with that of

2760-457: The name of God! Let anyone of you save himself as long as there is still time. And time there is very little…and what else I would like to say to you in this day of Tisha B’Av: whoever of you will escape from the catastrophe, he or she will live to see the exalted moment of a great Jewish wedding: the rebirth and the rise of a Jewish state. I don’t know if I will be privileged to see it; my son will! I believe in this as I am sure that tomorrow morning

2829-404: The personality traits that are so typical of a Yid, and let us insert into it all the desirable traits whose absence is so typical in him. Because the Yid is ugly, sickly, and lacks handsomeness (הדרת פנים) we shall endow the ideal image of the Hebrew with masculine beauty, stature, massive shoulders, vigorous movements, bright colors, and shades of color. The Yid is frightened and downtrodden;

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2898-500: The regime of Jewish Palestine [ Eretz Israel ha-Ivri , or the 'Jewish Land of Israel '] as follows: most of the population will be Jewish, but equal rights for all Arab citizens will not only be guaranteed, they will also be fulfilled." In 1927, he reacted angrily to a published report that he had called for the expulsion of Arabs from Palestine. In a letter to the Zionist newspaper Haolam, he wrote: "I never said that, or anything that could be interpreted in this sense. My position is, on

2967-620: The region, was a natural ally. Jabotinsky set up the Betar Naval Academy , a Zionist naval training school established in Civitavecchia , Italy in 1934 with the agreement of Benito Mussolini . During the 1930s, Jabotinsky was deeply concerned with the situation of the Jewish community in Eastern Europe . In 1936, Jabotinsky prepared the so-called "evacuation plan", which called for the evacuation of 1.5 million Jews from Poland ,

3036-567: The rich colors that became his trademark. The works were embellished with archaic forms derived from ancient script, symbolism and mythological signs from Hebrew and Sumerian culture. As a member of the New Horizons group, he combined elements of abstract European art with Eastern motifs and " Canaanite art ." His art can today be found in several public collections including the Tate gallery in London ,

3105-413: The rights and interests of minorities. As an economic liberal , he supported a free market with minimal government intervention, but also believed that the "'elementary necessities' of the average person...: food, shelter, clothing, the opportunity to educate his children, and medical aid in case of illness" should be supplied by the state. In 1930, while he was visiting South Africa , he was informed by

3174-488: The socialist-oriented Labor Zionists , in that it focused its economic and social policy on the ideals of the Jewish middle class in Europe. His ideal for a Jewish state was a form of nation state based loosely on the British imperial model. His support base was mostly located in Poland, and his activities focused on attaining British support to help with the development of the Yishuv . Another area of major support for Jabotinsky

3243-550: The sun will rise. In 1939, Britain enacted the MacDonald White Paper , in which Jewish immigration to Palestine under the British Mandate was to be restricted to 75,000 for the next five years, after which further Jewish immigration would depend on Arab consent. In addition, land sales to Jews were to be restricted, and Palestine would be cultivated for independence as a binational state. Jabotinsky reacted by proposing

3312-443: The uprising. The Polish government supported his plan, and it began training Irgun members and supplying them arms. Irgun submitted the plan for the approval of its commander David Raziel , who was imprisoned by the British. However, the beginning of World War II in September 1939 quickly put an end to these plans. On 12 May 1940, Jabotinsky offered Winston Churchill the support of a 130,000 strong Jewish volunteer corps to fight

3381-406: The use of small arms. On 6 April 1920, during the 1920 Palestine riots the British searched the offices and apartments of the Zionist leadership for arms, including the home of Chaim Weizmann , and in a building used by Jabotinsky's defense forces they found three rifles, two pistols, and 250 rounds of ammunition. Nineteen men were arrested. The next day Jabotinsky protested to the police that he

3450-405: The volcano which will soon begin to spit its all-consuming lava. I see that you are not seeing this because you are immersed and sunk in your daily worries. Today, however, I demand from you trust. You were convinced already that my prognoses have already proven to be right. If you think differently, then drive me out of your midst! However, if you do believe me, then listen to me in this 12th hour:In

3519-400: The war years. During World War I, he had the idea of establishing a Jewish Legion to fight alongside the British against the Ottomans who then controlled Palestine . In 1915, together with Joseph Trumpeldor , a one-armed veteran of the Russo-Japanese War , he created the Zion Mule Corps , which consisted of several hundred Jewish men, mainly Russians who had been exiled from Palestine by

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3588-599: The wrong people. The evacuation of Jewish communities in Poland , Hungary and Romania was to take place over a ten-year period. However, the British government vetoed it, and the Zionist Organization 's chairman, Chaim Weizmann , dismissed it. Chaim Weizmann suggested that Jabotinsky was willing to accept Madagascar as one destination for limited emigration for Jews, due to political issues involved with settlement in Palestine, and dispatches from Warsaw by British ambassador Hugh Kennard, corroborate Weizmann's account. Two years later, in 1938, Jabotinsky allegedly stated in

3657-407: Was Latvia , where his speeches in Russian made an impression on the largely Russian-speaking Latvian Jewish community. Jabotinsky was both a nationalist and a liberal democrat . He rejected authoritarian notions of state authority and its imposition on individual liberty; he said that "Every man is a king." He championed the notion of a free press and believed the new Jewish state would protect

3726-479: Was a Revisionist Zionist leader, author, poet, orator, soldier, and founder of the Jewish Self-Defense Organization in Odessa . With Joseph Trumpeldor , he co-founded the Jewish Legion of the British Army in World War I . Later he established several Jewish organizations, including the paramilitary group Betar in Latvia, the youth movement Hatzohar and the militant organization Irgun in Mandatory Palestine . Vladimir Yevgenyevich (Yevnovich) Zhabotinsky

3795-408: Was a childhood friend of Russian journalist and poet Korney Chukovsky . From the autumn of 1898 onward, Jabotinsky was registered for three years as a law student at the Sapienza University of Rome , but hardly attended any classes and did not graduate, leading a bohemian lifestyle instead. In addition to Russian , Yiddish and Hebrew , he learned to speak fluent Italian . After returning as

3864-611: Was a mistake. He thought the Italian word meant "elevator," but explained to the editor that the real meaning, "swing," suited him well, since he was "'by no means stable or constant', but rather rocking and balancing." In 1914, Jabotinsky published the first Hebrew translation of Edgar Allan Poe 's poems The Raven and Annabel Lee . From 1923, Jabotinsky was editor of the revived Jewish weekly Rassvet (Dawn), published first in Berlin, then in Paris. Besides his journalistic work, he published novels under his previous pseudonym Altalena; his historical novel Samson Nazorei (Samson

3933-458: Was born in Odessa , Kherson Governorate (modern Ukraine ) into an assimilated Jewish family. His father, Yevno (Yevgeniy Grigoryevich) Zhabotinsky, hailed from Nikopol , Yekaterinoslav Governorate . He was a member of the Russian Society of Sailing and Trade and was primarily involved in wheat trading. His mother, Chava (Eva Markovna) Zach (1835–1926), came from Berdychiv , Kiev Governorate . Jabotinsky's older brother Myron died when Vladimir

4002-403: Was buried in New Montefiore Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York , in accordance with a clause of his will. Ben-Gurion refused to allow Jabotinsky to be reburied in Israel. By order of Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol and in accordance with a second clause of his will, the remains of Jabotinsky and his wife were reburied at Mount Herzl Cemetery in Jerusalem in 1964. A monument to Jabotinsky

4071-408: Was described in the Yedioth Ahronot article as having a middle-eastern ambience thanks to its ornate gardens, trees and little courtyards. It contains a wide variety of ancient tools and stone works collected in part by Moshe Castel , Yakov Hadad and other Israeli artists who found those stoneworks among rubble, in the fields or in other locations. The Beit Castel gallery was the filming location of

4140-480: Was elected to the executive council of the Zionist Organization . He was also a founder of the newly registered Keren haYesod and served as its director of propaganda. Jabotinsky left the mainstream Zionist movement in 1923 due to differences of opinion between him and its chairman, Chaim Weizmann , establishing a new revisionist party called Alliance of Revisionists-Zionists and its Zionist youth paramilitary organization Betar . His new party demanded that

4209-479: Was erected at his original burial site in New York. Defunct Defunct According to Israeli historian Benny Morris , documents show that Jabotinsky favored the idea of the transfer of Arab populations out of the proposed state if required for its establishment. Jabotinsky's other writings state, "we do not want to eject even one Arab from either the left or the right bank of the Jordan River . We want them to prosper both economically and culturally. We envision

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4278-433: Was founded and financed by Zionist officials like ZO president David Wolffsohn and his representative in Constantinople Victor Jacobson. The journalists writing for that paper included the famous German Social democrat and Russian-Jewish revolutionary Alexander Parvus , who lived in Constantinople from 1910 until 1914. The Jeune Turc was prohibited in 1915 by the pro-German Turkish military junta . Richard Lichtheim, who

4347-487: Was here that he began to realize that "art is not symbolic, but rather material, the material is the main thing, the way the paint is placed, the way the layers are placed on the picture, this is the most essential thing." In May 1927, the World Union of Hebrew Youth in Paris sponsored his first exhibit. Ze'ev Jabotinsky , who was in Paris at the time, wrote an introduction for the catalogue. In 1940, Castel returned to Palestine and settled in Safed (today his home houses

4416-462: Was later apparent in his position concerning the Arab citizens of the future Jewish State : Jabotinsky asserted that " Each one of the ethnic communities will be recognized as autonomous and equal in the eyes of the law ." In 1909, he fiercely criticized leading members of the Russian Jewish community for participating in ceremonies marking the centennial of the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol . In light of Gogol's antisemitic views, Jabotinsky claimed it

4485-423: Was little noticed at the time, it has received renewed appreciation for its literary qualities at the start of the twenty-first century, being reprinted in Russia and Ukraine and in 2005 translated into English (the first translation into a Western language). While in Odessa, Jabotinsky married Joanna (or Ania) Galperina [1884-1949] in October 1907. They had one child, Eri Jabotinsky (1910-1969), who later became

4554-403: Was six months old, and his father died when he was six years old. His sister, Tereza (Tamara Yevgenyevna) Zhabotinskaya-Kopp, founded a private school for girls in Odessa. In 1885, the family moved to Germany due to his father's illness, returning a year later after his father's death. Raised in a middle-class Jewish home, Jabotinsky was educated in Russian schools. Although he studied Hebrew as

4623-406: Was their commander and therefore solely responsible, so they should be released. Instead, he, too, was arrested, and the nineteen were sentenced to three years in prison with Jabotinsky being given a 15-year prison term for possession of weapons, until a July 1920 general pardon was granted to both Jews and Arabs convicted in the rioting. A committee of inquiry placed responsibility for the riots on

4692-412: Was to become Jabotinsky's representative in Germany in 1925, stayed in Constantinople as ZO representative and managed to keep the " Yishuv " (Jewish population of Palestine ) out of trouble during the war years by constant diplomatic interventions with German, Turkish, and also American authorities, whose humanitarian support was crucial for the survival of the Jewish settlement project in Palestine during

4761-464: Was unseemly for Russian Jews to take part in these ceremonies, as it showed they had no Jewish self-respect. In 1909, Sultan Abdulhamid II was deposed. The year before that, following the Young Turk Revolution , the Berlin Executive office of the Zionist Organization (ZO), sent Jabotinsky to the Ottoman capital Constantinople where he became editor-in-chief of a new pro- Young-Turkish daily newspaper Le Jeune Turc (meaning Young Turk ) which

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