The Standard Color Reference of America (and its supplement the U.S. Army Color Card) is a book of reference fabric swatches of different colors produced by The Color Association of the United States (CAUS), each color specified by “cable number” (and therefore sometimes known as cable colors ). Until its 10th edition in 1981, the guide was called the Standard Color Card of America , and until 1955 the CAUS was called The Textile Color Card Association of the United States (TCCA). Thus, the guide was often referred to as the TCCA Color Card .
37-531: The Bear Flag is the official flag of the U.S. state of California . The precursor of the flag was first flown during the 1846 Bear Flag Revolt and was also known as the Bear Flag. A predecessor, called the Lone Star Flag, was used in an 1836 independence movement; the red star element from that flag appears in the Bear Flag of today. The 1911 statute stated: The bear flag is hereby selected and adopted as
74-539: A bear, along with Missouri . In 2001, the North American Vexillological Association surveyed its members on the designs of the 72 U.S. state, U.S. territorial, and Canadian provincial flags and ranked the flag of California 13th out of 50 U.S. states, and the best flag that contains words, specifically the state's name. The 1953 legislation defined the exact shades of the California flag with
111-465: A black bear painted on it." Duncan Beaumont raised a Pacific Republic flag from his boat in the Stockton to show his loyalty to secession. A party of men raised a banner containing a small American flag in the top corner and in the center a huge eagle with a grizzly bear below it. It was cut down by a different group of loyal unionists later in the day. The group thought it was a sign of disunion, but
148-472: A company meeting it was determined that we should raise a flag and that it should be a bear en passant [a heraldry term signifying that the bear is walking toward the viewer's left], with one star. One of the ladies at the garrison gave us a piece of brown domestic, and Mrs. Captain John Sears gave us some strips of red flannel about 4 inches wide. The domestic was new, but the flannel was said to have been part of
185-492: A date between the 14th and the 17th, by the men who became known as the "Bear Flaggers", including William B. Ide . The exact creation date is at least somewhat unclear. However, U.S. Naval Lieutenant John Missroon reported the flag's existence as of June 17, 1846. William L. Todd was a cousin of Mary Todd Lincoln . According to the book Flags Over California , published by the California Military Department,
222-534: A large circle in the centre, representing the great seal of the State ." The flag of the governor of California consists of the seal of California centered on a field of azure . Like many other U.S. governors' flags , there are four five-point stars at the corners of the field. The flag of California serves as a basis for the flag of the fictional New California Republic in the popular post-apocalyptic Fallout franchise. US state flags The flags of
259-460: A petticoat worn by Mrs. Sears across the mountains...I took a pen, and with ink drew the outline of the bear and star upon the white cloth. Linseed oil and Venetian red were found in the garrison, and I painted the bear and star...Underneath the bear and star were printed with a pen the words 'California Republic' in Roman letters. In painting the words I first lined out the letters with a pen, leaving out
296-492: A special U.S. Army Color Card showing, in silk ribbon form, the key shades of the U.S. Armed Forces, which are approved and accepted by the Quartermaster general. Like previously published editions, the new 1981 Standard reference presents a comprehensive palette for color choice and is a help to facilitate the selection and coordination of shades. Primarily directed to the fashion, textile and environmental industries. Note that
333-649: A total of five colors (including the white field) relative to the 9th edition of the Standard Color Card of America (now called the Standard Color Reference of America). It is one of only four US state flags not to include the color blue, along with Alabama , Maryland , and New Mexico . In 1836, a coup led by Juan Alvarado declared Alta California's independence from Mexico. Declaring himself governor, Alvarado recruited U.S. frontiersmen, led by Isaac Graham , to support him. The rebels easily captured
370-632: Is often called the "Bear Flag" and in fact, the present statute adopting the flag, California Government Code § 420 , states: "The Bear Flag is the State Flag of California." Pursuant to Section 439 of the California Government Code , the regulations and protocols for the proper display of the flag of California is controlled by the California Adjutant General : The Adjutant General shall, by regulation, prescribe rules regarding
407-477: Is on the left. The flag is also used as the state ensign . The first official version of the Bear Flag was adopted by the California State Legislature and signed into law by Governor Hiram Johnson in 1911 as the official state flag. The contemporary state flag is white with a wide red strip along the bottom. There is a red star in the upper left corner and a grizzly bear facing left (toward
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#1732841188559444-589: Is that of Minnesota , adopted on May 11, 2024, while the most recently adopted territorial flag is that of the Northern Mariana Islands , adopted on July 1, 1985. The flag of the District of Columbia was adopted in 1938. Recent legislations in Massachusetts (2021) and Illinois (2024) have started the process of redesigning their state flag. Maine and Michigan also have plans to redesign their flags in
481-515: The American national flag and many state flags are officially specified based on the Standard Color Reference, as are those of a handful of other countries, such as the Philippines. The Standard Color Reference of America was issued in 1915 for the purpose of simplifying color work by standardizing color for the U.S. The card offers a palette for color choice and at the same time help to facilitate
518-2357: The North American Vexillological Association , New Mexico has the best-designed flag of any U.S. state, U.S. territory, or Canadian province , while Georgia's state flag was rated the worst (the latter of which has been changed since the survey was conducted). Listed by order of statehood (and for the first thirteen, the order of their ratification of the US Constitution) with their respective date of adoption. Flag of Delaware (July 24, 1913) Flag of Pennsylvania (June 13, 1907) Flag of New Jersey (May 11, 1896) Flag of Georgia (February 19, 2003) Flag of Connecticut (September 9, 1897) Flag of Massachusetts (July 3, 1971) Flag of Maryland (March 9, 1904) Flag of South Carolina (January 26, 1861) Flag of New Hampshire (January 1, 1932) Flag of Virginia (February 1, 1950) Flag of New York (April 2, 2020) Flag of North Carolina (June 24, 1991) Flag of Rhode Island (November 1, 1897) Flag of Vermont (June 1, 1923) Flag of Kentucky (June 14, 1962) Flag of Tennessee (April 17, 1905) Flag of Ohio (May 9, 1902) Flag of Louisiana (November 22, 2010) Flag of Indiana (May 31, 1917) Flag of Mississippi (January 11, 2021) Flag of Illinois (September 17, 1969) Flag of Alabama (February 16, 1895) Flag of Maine (February 23, 1909) Flag of Missouri (March 22, 1913) Flag of Arkansas (February 28, 2011) Flag of Michigan (August 1, 1911) Flag of Florida (May 21, 1985) Flag of Texas (January 25, 1839) Flag of Iowa (March 29, 1921) Flag of Wisconsin (May 1, 1981) Flag of California (February 3, 1911) Flag of Minnesota (May 11, 2024) Flag of Oregon (obverse) (April 15, 1925) Flag of Oregon (reverse) Flag of Kansas (September 24, 1961) Flag of West Virginia (March 7, 1929) Flag of Nevada (July 25, 1991) Flag of Nebraska (July 16, 1963) Flag of Colorado (March 31, 1964) Flag of North Dakota (March 11, 1911) Flag of South Dakota (November 9, 1992) Flag of Montana (July 1, 1981) Flag of Washington (April 1, 1967) Flag of Idaho (March 12, 1907) Flag of Wyoming (January 31, 1917) Standard Color Reference of America Among other uses,
555-629: The Stars and stripes (Sometimes with patriotic mottos), Union club flags, Militia flags, German flags , and Irish flags . During the war, Union soldiers routinely took action against secessionists who ran up Confederate flags in many places, including above the California statehouse in Sacramento, then disappeared before they could be caught. On July 4, 1861, during U.S. Independence Day celebrations in Sacramento , Democrat and veteran Maj. J. P. Gillis celebrated
592-594: The U.S. states , territories , and the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) exhibit a variety of regional influences and local histories, as well as different styles and design principles. Modern U.S. state flags date from the turn of the 20th century, when states considered distinctive symbols for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago , Illinois . Most U.S. state flags were designed and adopted between 1893 and World War I . The most recently adopted state flag
629-572: The bear on the flag. The Bear Flag given to young Montgomery returned with USS Portsmouth to the east coast of the U.S. in 1848, but in 1855 was returned to California. The flag was given to California's two senators, John B. Weller and William M. Gwin. This flag was donated to the Society of California Pioneers on September 8, 1855, and was preserved at the Society's Pioneer Halls in San Francisco until it
666-423: The capital Monterey , but were unable to convince southern leaders such as Juan Bandini and Carlos Antonio Carrillo to join the rebellion. Faced with a civil war, Alvarado and the other Californios negotiated a compromise with the central government wherein California's leaders accepted its status as a "department" under the " Siete Leyes " Mexican constitution of 1836, in return for more local control. Alvarado
703-587: The capital of Alta California, and claimed the territory for the United States. Two days later, on July 9, 1846, Navy Lieutenant Joseph Warren Revere arrived in Sonoma and hauled down the Bear Flag, running up in its place the Stars and Stripes . The Bear Flag was given to young John E. Montgomery (son of Commander John B. Montgomery of USS Portsmouth ), who would later write in a letter to his mother "Cuffy came down growling"—"Cuffy" being his nickname for
740-502: The center of the white field a California grizzly bear upon a grass plat, in the position of walking toward the left of the said field; said bear shall be dark brown in color and in length, equal to one-third of the length of said flag. In 1953, the design and specifications for the state flag were standardized in a bill signed by Governor Earl Warren and illustrated by Donald Graeme Kelley of Marin County, California. The Californian state flag
777-519: The day after they raised it in a different part of town to show their support for the Union. Soon secessionist across the state started raising other flags to express their sympathy for the Confederacy. These include: Palmetto flags , 7 stars flags, Stars and Bars , rattlesnake flags , and 15-22 stars US flags. Not to be out done Unionist had lots of flags too show support for the United States. The flags were
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#1732841188559814-454: The flag back. No one tried. Because Gillis' flag was seized by Jack Biderman, it is referred to either as the "Biderman Flag" or the "Gillis Flag." The flag is preserved in the state capitol . In June of 1861, San Fransisco's board of supervisors ordered three flags to be made by Norcross. One of them was based on the first state flag, with the " California Coat of arms " added to its field. It cost $ 50 ($ 1,791 adjusted for inflation) to make and
851-413: The flag manufacturer. In 1953 the bear image was standardized based on an 1855 watercolor by Charles Christian Nahl . The 1953 law includes an official black and white rendering of the bear as well as the plot of grass and brown tufts. This drawing and other specifications that define the flag's colors and dimensions are identified as "54-J-03". The Californian flag is one of two U.S. state flags to depict
888-465: The future, but these have not been confirmed, though Maine has planned to put a flag redesign on the ballot in November of 2024. Despite a variety of designs, the majority of the states' flags share the same design pattern consisting of the state seal superimposed on a monochrome background, commonly a shade of blue, which remains a source of criticism from vexillologists . According to a 2001 survey by
925-523: The hoist) in the center, walking on a patch of green grass. The size of the bear is ⅔ the size of the hoist width and has a ratio of 2 by 1. The grass plot has a ratio of 11 to 1. The five-point star is taken from the California Lone Star Flag of 1836. The hoist of the flag is two-thirds the fly. The bear on one 1911 version of the flag is claimed to have been modeled on the last California grizzly bear in captivity. The bear, named " Monarch ",
962-484: The independence of the United States from Great Britain and the secession of the Confederacy by unfurling a flag based on the first Confederate flag, the Stars and Bars , but containing seventeen stars rather than the Confederate banner's seven, and marching down the street to the cheers of pro-slavery individuals. Unionist Jack Biderman denounced Gillis, tore the flag from his hands, and taunted secessionists to try to take
999-471: The letter 'i' and putting 'c' where 'i' should have been, and afterwards the 'i' over the 'c'. It was made with ink, and we had nothing to remove the marks. The original Bear Flag and the republic it symbolized had a brief career, from about June 14 until July 9. On July 7, 1846, Commodore John Drake Sloat of the United States Navy's Pacific Squadron first raised the 28-star American flag at Monterey ,
1036-408: The selection of colors. Primarily directed to the textile, fashion and environmental industries. It can be effectively used by everyone who has the responsibility of matching and combining colors. There are 16 pages of 12 colors each in the 10th edition. Each page offers a series of harmonious color combinations whether by color pairing or by groups. The Standard Color reference is a supplemented by
1073-409: The standards name or standard number will always signify the color so designated in this card. The names which have been adopted are purely descriptive and to be used only in such manner. In order to facilitate choice and coordination of colors, the pure silk samples have been arranged to afford the user a medium to visualize both the highlights and low-lights of each color. Therefore, when matching to
1110-538: The star on the flag recalled the 1836 California Lone Star Flag. Todd, in an 1878 letter to the Los Angeles Express , states that the star was drawn using blackberry juice and in recognition of the California Lone Star Flag. The bear was designed to be a symbol of strength and unyielding resistance. According to the Sonoma State Historic Park , the construction of the flag was described as such: At
1147-426: The state flag of California. ... The said bear flag shall consist of a flag of a length equal to one and one-half the width thereof; the upper five-sixths of the width thereof to be a white field, and the lower sixth of the width thereof to be a red stripe; there shall appear in the white field in the upper left-hand corner a single red star , and at the bottom of the white field the words ' California Republic ,' and in
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1184-464: The times, places, and the manner in which the State Flag may be displayed. He shall, periodically, compile the laws and regulations regarding the State Flag. Copies of the compilation shall be printed and made available to the public at cost by the Department of General Services. When the flag is displayed vertically, it is rotated 90 degrees clockwise such that the bear and star face upward and red stripe
1221-559: Was appointed governor the next year. The Lone Star Flag of California, associated with Alvarado's rebellion, contained a single red star on a white background. One last original flag is archived at the Autry National Center . The original grizzly bear flag was created by Peter Storm. A version of this bear flag, designed by William L. Todd, was raised in Sonoma, California , in June 1846 on
1258-471: Was captured in 1889 by newspaper reporter Allan Kelly, at the behest of William Randolph Hearst . The bear was subsequently moved to Woodwards Gardens in San Francisco, and then to the zoo at Golden Gate Park . After the bear's death in 1911, it was mounted and preserved at the Academy of Sciences at Golden Gate Park. While the bear flag was adopted in 1911, until 1953 the image of the bear varied depending on
1295-581: Was destroyed on April 18, 1906, in the fires that followed the great San Francisco earthquake . Today, a replica hangs on display in the Sonoma Barracks, or El Presidio de Sonoma . There is also a statue in the plaza at Sonoma, California, commemorating the raising of the flag, the Bear Flag Monument. During the secession crisis and the early part of the American Civil War in 1861, California
1332-574: Was divided between supporters of the union and supporters of southern secession. In the months leading up to the war, some opposed to the government in Los Angeles County and San Bernardino County showed support for secession by flying variants of the Bear Flag instead of the Stars and Stripes. One version of the Bear Flag that was flown on May 29 in Los Angeles was described as "...a deep red flag with
1369-473: Was hung in the chamber of the board of supervisors with the other two flags. A year later a banner of similar design was hung in the city, but the seal was encircled by small American flags. On July 14, 1864, a party under Gen. McDowell took a ship around the Bay Area to inspect the fortifications. The ship, called The Goliah , flew the flag of the United States and a state flag described as "...a body of red with
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