145-634: The Battle Line Rivalry is the name given to the Arkansas–Missouri football rivalry due to the state line between the two states dividing the North and South during the Civil War. It is an American college football rivalry game between the Arkansas Razorbacks and Missouri Tigers . The teams have met fifteen times, between November 1906 and November 2023. They have faced off twice in bowl games, first in
290-511: A Cotton Bowl Classic bid versus arch-rival Texas . The Razorbacks defeated Texas 27–6, becoming the first team to ever hold Texas to negative rushing yards in a game. The Cotton Bowl victory propelled Arkansas into the top 20 to end the season. The 2000 season saw the Razorbacks lose the core of their team and suffer a string of injuries, including season-ending injuries to all of the starting running backs. The Razorbacks struggled throughout
435-711: A Fiesta Bowl berth, but the Razorbacks and UCLA Bruins would battle to a 10–10 tie , as the Razorbacks finished 9–2–1. In 1979 , Holtz's Razorbacks won a share of the Southwest Conference (sharing with Houston). The 10–2 Hogs defeated nemesis No. 2 Texas in Little Rock, but lost an outright conference title to No. 6 Houston in Fayetteville. Earning a bid to the Sugar Bowl , the No. 6 Hogs were set to play No. 2 Alabama with
580-854: A General Motors plant that permanently closed in August 2012. The plant produced the Chevrolet Colorado , GMC Canyon , Hummer H3 series, and the Isuzu i-Series . In January 2013, the plant was leased from Caddo Parish by Elio Motors . However, Elio Motors never went into production at the Shreveport plant. In addition to GM, other notable large companies that have had or still have Shreveport manufacturing/assembly or production facilities or operations include: General Electric (electric transformer production), Western Electric (payphone manufacturing, approximately 7,500 employees at its peak, changed ownership through
725-404: A yellow fever epidemic, with over 400 additional victims eventually succumbing. The total death toll from August through November was approximately 1,200. Five Roman Catholic priests in the city and two religious sisters died while caring for yellow fever victims in the city. Greenwood Cemetery was established in 1893. A number of local African American musicians became nationally famous. By
870-561: A 16–14 loss to Texas in 1987, when the Longhorns scored a touchdown on the last play of the game to upset Arkansas. The Hatfield-led Razorbacks also lost to Texas in 1985 by a score of 15–13, when the Texas placekicker successfully made all five of his field goal attempts, but the Arkansas kicker missed two of four attempts. Hatfield would switch to the option-I formation prior to the 1989 season. Hatfield
1015-519: A 21 percent increase in forcible rapes and more than 130 percent increases in both business armed robberies and business burglaries. In 2018 the local government and police authorities reported a crime drop in most categories; it was part of an overall reduction in crime since the late 20th century. As Shreveport continued its economic resurgence, the Adrian Perkins administration saw the coming of Advanced Aero Services, Tomakk Glass Partners, and
1160-469: A 3–8 record–their first losing season since 1967, and only their fifth sub-.500 record since the 1950s. They barely qualified for a bowl in 1991. The Razorbacks opened the 1992 season—their first in the Southeastern Conference —with an upset loss to a Division I-AA team, The Citadel . The next day, Broyles announced that Crowe had resigned and that defensive coordinator Joe Kines would coach
1305-517: A 4-yard TD pass to WR Jimmie Hunt. With the successful two-point conversion, the game was tied at 14 with 12 minutes left. With 4 minutes left in the game, Missouri RB Marcus Murphy scored a 12-yard touchdown run. Arkansas failed to score, giving Missouri the victory 21–14. Mizzou received the first Battle Line Rivalry Trophy, but a new trophy with a replaceable "Battle Line" was introduced the next year and that trophy has been passed back and forth since. Arkansas 28, Missouri 3 The Battle Line trophy
1450-604: A 4–5–1 record in 1967 , the Hogs went 10–1 and returned to the postseason in 1968 . No. 9 Arkansas defeated No. 2 Georgia in the Sugar Bowl , 16–2. Sophomore receiver Chuck Dicus scored the only touchdown of the game for the Razorbacks. In 1969 , the Razorbacks had another chance to claim the national title, when No. 2 Arkansas played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns , coached by Darrell Royal , at Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas . The game, known as " The Big Shootout " or
1595-402: A 52-yard field goal, narrowing the Arkansas lead to 4. With 7 minutes left in the half, Brandon Allen threw a 12-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Keon Hatcher , raising the lead to 14–3. To end the half, Baggett made his second 50 plus yard field goal of the game causing the halftime score to be 14–6 Arkansas. To start the fourth quarter after an uneventful third, Missouri QB Maty Mauk threw
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#17328512011181740-500: A 5–6 record and without a bowl invitation for the first time under Nutt. The 2005 season was also a rebuilding year as expected. Tough losses to USC (70–17) as well as to Vanderbilt and South Carolina showed that the season had been predicted accurately. The team was ineligible for a bowl for the second season in a row (and the second season overall under coach Nutt). This led to Razorback fans calling for coaching changes. After meeting with Frank Broyles (athletic director) at
1885-570: A 6–5 season in 1983 would be the end of the Holtz era. At the time, athletic director Frank Broyles stated that Holtz had resigned and was not fired, but two decades later Broyles acknowledged that Holtz was indeed fired because his actions were negatively affecting the fan base. Holtz would subsequently be hired by Minnesota . Reports also cited his political involvement as a major reason for his firing: controversy arose over his having taped two television advertisements from his coach's office endorsing
2030-571: A bombing range. The efforts to procure the government's commitment to build the facility in the Greater Shreveport metropolitan area were spearheaded by a committee co-chaired by local civic leaders Andrew Querbes and John D. Ewing , beginning in 1927. It took a great deal of correspondence between the interested parties and the original proposal was rejected. However, in February 1928, a young crop duster, an Air Corps captain named Harold Ross Harris,
2175-482: A bowl game each year and averaged eight wins per season. Nutt's Razorbacks were picked to finish last in the Southeastern Conference Western Division in 1998 but ended up with a 9–3 record and a share of the division title. The Razorbacks lost to the eventual national champion Tennessee Volunteers on Tennessee's home field after quarterback Clint Stoerner fumbled while trying to run out
2320-489: A bowl game to play, and Penn State was also undefeated. Arkansas lost to Ole Miss in the Sugar Bowl , 27–22, and Texas beat Notre Dame in the Cotton Bowl Classic for the national title. The 1970s brought more success for Broyles, led by Razorback standouts Chuck Dicus and Ben Cowins . The 1970 Razorbacks would go 9–2, with the nine consecutive wins bookended by losses in the opener to No. 10 Stanford and
2465-477: A chance at the national championship. Instead, Alabama defeated the Razorbacks 24–9 , winning their sixth claimed national title. The Razorbacks would continue to succeed under Holtz, winning the 1980 Hall of Fame Classic following the 1980 regular season and defeating No. 1 Texas by a score of 42–11 in 1981 . Despite winning the 1982 Bluebonnet Bowl over the Florida Gators and finishing 9–2–1 in 1982 ,
2610-518: A co-national champion for the 1977 season by the Rothman Foundation for the Analysis of Competitions and Tournaments ( Rothman (FACT) ), along with Notre Dame and Texas, but the university does not claim this title. In 1978 , the Razorbacks went 9–2 during the regular season, losing back-to-back games at No. 8 Texas and No. 11 Houston . A 49–7 win over No. 16 Texas A&M did give the Hogs
2755-422: A declining population, poverty, drugs, and violent crime. However, the city continues in its efforts to revitalize its infrastructure, revive the economy through diversification, and lower crime. Despite these efforts, the city witnessed the largest number of homicides in its recorded history in 2021, eclipsing the previous record set in 1993. Shreveport is the educational, commercial and cultural center of
2900-467: A former Cornhusker . The Hogs did accept an invitation to the 1934 Dixie Classic , a precursor to today's Cotton Bowl Classic . Arkansas became rivals with Ole Miss due to proximity. Although not SWC members, Ole Miss played Arkansas intermittently until a yearly series began from 1952 – 1961 . During the 1938 season, the Razorbacks replaced their 300-seat stadium known as The Hill with Bailey Stadium , named after Arkansas governor Carl Bailey . It
3045-498: A large manufacturing employer in Shreveport. By 2017, manufacturing and other goods-producing (e.g. petrochemical refining) jobs accounted for just 5% of Shreveport occupations, compared to 8% for the nationwide percentage of the workforce involved in manufacturing. Shreveport has since largely transitioned to a service economy. In particular, there has been rapid growth in the gaming industry. The city hosts various riverboat gambling casinos , and, before Hurricane Katrina in 2005,
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#17328512011183190-548: A loss that later made it difficult for many to gain Confederate pensions from state governments. The Red River, opened by Shreve in the 1830s, remained navigable throughout the Civil War. But seasonal water levels got so low at one point that Union Admiral David Dixon Porter was trapped with his gunboats north of Alexandria . His engineers quickly constructed a temporary dam to raise the water level and free his fleet. In 1873, Shreveport lost 759 citizens in an 80-day period to
3335-463: A loss to the Citadel . This immediately led to speculation that Ford would be named head coach on a permanent basis. The speculation bore fruit after the season, when Ford was named head coach. He led Arkansas to an SEC West championship in 1995 on the legs of Madre Hill and the defensive genius of Joe Lee Dunn , after emerging from two years under Crowe. However, this was one of only two winning seasons
3480-529: A low elevation overlooking the Red River. Western and northern portions of Shreveport have an elevation over 253 feet (77 m) above sea level. Pine forests, cotton fields , wetlands , and waterways mark the outskirts of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 123.396 square miles (319.59 km ), of which, 107.798 square miles (279.20 km )
3625-418: A mean income of $ 82,854; married-couple families $ 84,282 with a mean of $ 112,363; and non-family households $ 26,628 with a mean of $ 41,090. According to census estimates, 25% of its population earned from $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 annually; 13% $ 100,000 to $ 200,000; and 5% over $ 200,000. Approximately 24.9% of Shreveport lived at or below the poverty line, down from 2014 to 2018's census estimates of 25.4%. In 2019,
3770-521: A member of the 1954 team. The Hogs would get back to the Cotton Bowl Classic in 1954, only to be defeated by Georgia Tech . Future Arkansas head coach Frank Broyles was an assistant under Yellowjackets head coach Bobby Dodd in the game. The 1954 season was all the more impressive when it is considered that the team only had twenty-five players on the squad. That team, dubbed the "25 Little Pigs" and coached by Bowden Wyatt , finished 8-3 and won
3915-464: A merger. In the 1980s, the oil and gas industry suffered a large economic downturn. This severely affected the regional economy, and many companies cut back jobs or went out of business, including a large retail shopping mall (South Park Mall) which closed in the late 1990s. Shreveport's economy entered a major economic recession, and many residents left the area. At one time, Shreveport was home to numerous manufacturers, including Shreveport Operations ,
4060-446: A national title. Arkansas would earn a share of the 1959 SWC Championship , splitting with Texas. Arkansas lost only to No. 3 Texas and No. 6 Ole Miss during the season. The Hogs went to Jacksonville and defeated Georgia Tech in the 1960 Gator Bowl 14–7, avenging an earlier Cotton Bowl Classic defeat . Barry Switzer was a co-captain on the team. Some, including University Chancellor and student during 1958, John White, view
4205-562: A new offensive coordinator in Malzahn . The Razorbacks started the season losing 50–14, at a home game in Fayetteville, to USC . Following the loss to the Trojans, Nutt announced that Mustain would replace Robert Johnson as the Hogs' starting quarterback. Mustain led Arkansas to eight straight wins, including wins against No. 22 Alabama at home and No. 2 Auburn at Auburn, before losing the starting job to Casey Dick. Dick had been slotted to start at
4350-573: A permit for a march to the Little Union Baptist Church in Shreveport, where mourners gathered to honor and commemorate four black girls killed in the 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing on September 15 in Birmingham, Alabama . D'Artois and other officers entered the church on horseback and took out the pastor, Dr. Harry Blake, beating him severely. Also in 1963, headlines across the country reported that African American musician Sam Cooke
4495-658: A pre‑K through 12th grade private school. The church has produced a biblical musical, Songs of the Season , during the Christmas holidays for over 20 years. The Eastern Orthodox Church has maintained a presence in Shreveport since the early 1900s. The oldest Orthodox church in the city is St. George Greek Orthodox Church of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America , followed by St. Nicholas Orthodox Church ( Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America ), and
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4640-581: A share of a Western Division title. Arkansas was defeated by the Georgia Bulldogs in the SEC Championship Game and ended the season with a loss to Minnesota in the Music City Bowl . In 2003, Nutt's team started off with a 4–0 record including a win against No. 5 Texas on their home field. The early season success raised fan expectations sky-high and put Nutt under intense pressure when
4785-512: A touchdown on only 5 carries. The Hogs ended the Sooners' hope with a 31–6 victory. This game is notable as one of the biggest upsets in Razorback football history. Ironically, University of Arkansas alumnus Barry Switzer coached the Sooners in the contest, and late in the game, future Arkansas head coach Houston Nutt played quarterback for Holtz. Arkansas finished the season 11-1 and was selected as
4930-546: A touchdown. Darren McFadden capped a 71-yard Hogs drive with a 3-yard TD run to make it 28–7. A Jeff Wolfert 32-yard field goal made it 31–7 Missouri with 10:25 in the 4th, and a 40-yard TD run from Tony Temple made it 38–7 Missouri. Tony Temple set the Cotton Bowl record with 281 rushing yards and 4 touchdowns. Missouri 21, Arkansas 14 In their first meeting since 2008, the Tigers were one conference victory away from clinching
5075-432: A very early edition of the hurry-up offense , as the team never huddled and chased the ball after every play. Creekmore was also known for "fast and slippery running, blocking, and passing" and could also return punts and tackle well. There are differing stories about the origins of the 'Razorbacks' mascot, however. The Texarkana Arkansas High School mascot and athletic emblem is the Razorback with red and white serving as
5220-477: A week after Ford resigned, without even visiting the campus. Ford proved to be a solid recruiter, as his replacement at Arkansas, Houston Nutt , went on to win 17 games in the 1998 (9–3) and 1999 (8–4) seasons combined, to include a 1998 SEC West co-championship and a Cotton Bowl championship on January 1, 2000, with a victory over Texas. Both of those squads included players Ford had recruited to Arkansas. On December 10, 1997, Boise State head coach Houston Nutt
5365-462: A winning conference record until 1920 , and didn't win the conference championship until 1936 . Arkansas had the best record during the 1933 season , but had to forfeit the SWC Championship because Ulysses "Heine" Schleuter, who had no eligibility remaining, played on the team. Schleuter had told coach Fred Thomsen that he was eligible, but he was recognized by an SMU player during the game as
5510-413: A year under Dodd. Other historic large Baptist churches include Antioch Baptist , Galilee Missionary Baptist, Calvary Baptist, Broadmoor Baptist, Summer Grove Baptist, and Mount Canaan Missionary Baptist Church. Summer Grove Baptist Church was previously pastored by Wayne L. DuBose, a Baptist denominational officer. Mount Canaan was previously pastored by civil rights era icon Dr. Harry Blake, and Galilee
5655-490: Is St. Mark's Cathedral , an Episcopal Church congregation dating its establishment to the first religious service held in Shreveport in 1839. It became the see of the Episcopal Diocese of Western Louisiana in 1990. In Shreveport's interdenominational and Pentecostal population, Shreveport Community Church (an evangelical church affiliated with Assemblies of God USA ) owns and operates Evangel Christian Academy ,
5800-532: Is also part of the I-20 Cyber Corridor linking the tech-centered Dallas–Fort Worth , Shreveport–Bossier , Greater Monroe , and Greater Atlanta metropolitan areas together. The city of Shreveport is 188 miles (303 km) from Dallas , 98 miles (158 km) from Tyler , and 41 miles (66 km) from Marshall , Texas; 215 miles (346 km) from Little Rock and 73 miles (117 km) from Texarkana , Arkansas; and 250 miles (400 km) from
5945-470: Is home to a branch of the National Weather Service which provides forecasts and warnings for the greater Ark-La-Tex region. Shreveport's population was initially 1,728 at the 1850 U.S. census , and has experienced growth to a historic high of 206,989 at the 1980 census . According to the 2020 United States census , there were 187,593 people, 73,114 households, and 42,775 families residing in
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6090-449: Is land and 15.548 square miles (40.27 km ) is water. Shreveport—since the mid-1990s—has been a major gambling center with a modest downtown skyline. The "Streetscape" project, inspired by the coming of riverboat gaming, gave Shreveport's downtown traditional brick sidewalks, statues, sculptures, and mosaics. The O.K. Allen Bridge (Texas Street bridge) was lit with neon lights. Since then, Downtown Shreveport has seen minor changes until
6235-611: Is named for J. S. Noel Jr. The church was begun as a mission in 1906. In 2023, First United Methodist voted to leave the United Methodist Church. The large Holy Trinity Catholic Church , located downtown, was founded in 1858; it served Irish and German immigrants as well as native-born residents. Five priests died of yellow fever in the 1873 epidemic. The current sanctuary in Romanesque revival style architecture dates to 1896. Particularly striking in size and architecture
6380-413: Is still a record today. He coached three teams to ten-win seasons in 1985, 1988, and 1989, and his 1986 and 1987 teams won nine games. But Hatfield was not successful in bowl games, only winning one ( 1985 Holiday Bowl ) out of six. Hatfield was also criticized for being too conservative in the play-calling of his flexbone offense, with many fans noting that the team only threw three passes the entire game in
6525-495: Is the head coach and has served since 2020. The program began in 1894 and has compiled an all-time record of 740–539–40, for a .576 winning percentage . The Razorbacks have won 13 conference championships and have had 58 players honored as All-Americans . Arkansas claims one national championship (1964) awarded by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA). The first University of Arkansas football team
6670-519: Is today a traditional Jewish synagogue. Shreveport, historically, has had a large and civic-minded Jewish community and has elected three Jewish mayors. The Islamic community in Shreveport-Bossier constituted approximately 14% of Louisiana's total Muslim population in 2018. The majority of Shreveporter Muslims are Sunni , followed by the Nation of Islam and non-denominational Islam . Shreveport
6815-569: The 1964 national championship team , and was an All-American punt returner. It was Hatfield's punt return for a touchdown that beat No. 1 Texas in Austin in 1964 that propelled that team to finish undefeated. Hatfield finished his six-year tenure at Arkansas with a record of 55–17–1 and won back-to-back Southwest Conference titles in 1988 and 1989, Hatfield's last two years, and to date the Razorbacks' most recent conference championships. Hatfield would win seventy-six percent of his games at Arkansas, which
6960-624: The 1983 season . Holtz led the Razorbacks through a 10–1 regular season in 1977, losing only to No. 2 Texas. The No. 6 Hogs were invited to play in the Orange Bowl against No. 2 Oklahoma . The Sooners had a chance to become national champions with a win over the shorthanded Razorbacks, who had suffered a season-long rash of injuries and player suspensions. Prior to Christmas, the university announced that star running back Ben Cowins , leading receiver Donny Bobo, and back-up running back Michael Forrest would all be sent back to Fayetteville. Following
7105-591: The 1990 Cotton Bowl Classic with a ten-win team to accept the head coaching post at Clemson without ever visiting the Clemson campus before taking the job. Hatfield would go on to coach Clemson for four years, winning two bowl games and an ACC championship in 1991, before leaving to coach the Rice Owls for twelve seasons and winning a share of the SWC championship in 1994. During this period, Broyles engineered Arkansas' move from
7250-539: The 2003 Independence Bowl and second in the 2008 Cotton Bowl Classic . The rivalry was formally introduced in 2014, and the Battle Line trophy was first awarded in 2015. The first meeting between the Razorbacks and Tigers was in 1906. Missouri won 11–0 in Columbia, Missouri . The two teams played each other in out of conference, regular season games in 1906, 1944, and 1963. They have met in bowl games twice. Missouri leads
7395-828: The Ark-La-Tex region, where Arkansas , Louisiana, and Texas meet. It is the location of Centenary College of Louisiana , Louisiana State University Shreveport , Louisiana Tech University Shreveport , Southern University at Shreveport , and Louisiana Baptist University . It forms part of the I-20 Cyber Corridor linking Shreveport to Dallas and Atlanta . Companies with significant operations or headquarters in Shreveport are Amazon , Regions Financial Corporation , JPMorgan Chase , Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall , AT&T Mobility , United Parcel Service , Walmart , SWEPCO , General Electric , UOP LLC , Calumet Specialty Products Partners , and APS Payroll . Shreveport
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#17328512011187540-543: The Heliopolis , to remove the log jam. The company and the village of Shreve Town were named in Shreve's honor. Shreve Town was originally contained within the boundaries of a piece of land sold to the company in 1835 by the indigenous Caddo Indians . In 1838 Caddo Parish was created from the large Natchitoches Parish , and Shreve Town became its parish seat. On March 20, 1839, the town was incorporated as Shreveport. Originally,
7685-584: The Helms Athletic Foundation . The FWAA and HAF awarded their national championships to Arkansas, who was the only team to go undefeated through the bowl games that year. At the time, the Associated Press (AP) and UPI awarded their national titles before the bowl games, and gave their trophies to the Alabama team that would lose in the Orange Bowl game a few days later. The next season, 1965 ,
7830-817: The Louisiana Maneuvers . The field exercise's mission was accomplished largely due to General George S. Patton , who commanded the mock "Blue" army's 2nd Armored Division. Shreveport was home to the Louisiana Hayride radio program, broadcast weekly from the Shreveport Municipal Memorial Auditorium . During its heyday from 1948 to 1960, this program stimulated the careers of some of the greatest figures in American music. The Hayride featured musicians including Hank Williams and Elvis Presley , who made his broadcasting debut at this venue. In
7975-540: The Rose Bowl , the No. 2 Razorbacks had a chance to become national champions, but were defeated 14–7 by the Tigers. Arkansas would return to the field in 1966 ranked fifth, but losses against unranked Baylor and Texas Tech would prevent the 8–2 Hogs from playing in a bowl game. Loyd Phillips was a consensus All-American defensive tackle on the team. Phillips also took home the Outland Trophy . After struggling to
8120-479: The SEC East. The Razorbacks were coming into Columbia off a 2-game run on which they shut out two ranked teams. This game marked the first conference meeting between the two schools. Arkansas running back Jonathan Williams scored the first points on a 23-yard touchdown reception from quarterback Brandon Allen almost 9 minutes into the game. Less than a minute into the second quarter, Missouri kicker Andrew Baggett made
8265-617: The Southern Baptist Convention , National Baptist Convention (USA) , National Baptist Convention of America , and Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship are the largest Baptist denominations in the city. The Progressive National Baptist Convention is the largest Progressive Baptist group in the area. Methodists are mainly affiliates of the African Methodist Episcopal Church or Christian Methodist Episcopal Church , though some also claimed affiliation to
8410-562: The Texas Street bridge , was lit with neon lights . Residents predictably had a variety of reactions to these changes. Shreveport was named an All-American City in 1953, 1979, and 1999. In the 1990s, Shreveport became known for its rap music scene, and acquired its famous aka name, Ratchet City . The term was first used by the group Lava House in its 1999 single "Ratchet". During the September 11, 2001 attacks , President George W. Bush
8555-539: The United States Army Corps of Engineers restored navigability by completion of a series of federally funded lock-and-dam structures and a navigation channel. As early as 1924, the citizens of Shreveport became interested in hosting a military flying field. In 1926, Shreveport citizens learned that the 3rd Attack Wing stationed at Fort Crockett , Texas, would be enlarged by 500 percent and would require at least 20,000 acres (81 km ) to support aerial gunnery and
8700-721: The University of Arkansas in the sport of American football . The Razorbacks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and is a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Home games are played at stadiums on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System : Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock . Sam Pittman
8845-471: The civil rights movement to correct injustices under Jim Crow and disenfranchisement of blacks. While activism gradually increased, 1963 was a particularly violent year in Shreveport because of white resistance. The Shreveport home of Dr. C. O. Simpkins was bombed in retaliation for his work with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. In September 1963 George W. D'Artois , Public Service Commissioner, refused
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#17328512011188990-508: The 1910s, Huddie William Ledbetter —also known as "Lead Belly", a blues singer and guitarist—was performing for Shreveport audiences in St. Paul's Bottoms, the notable red-light district of Shreveport that operated legally from 1903 to 1917. Ledbetter began to develop his own style of music after exposure to a variety of musical influences on Fannin Street, a row of saloons, brothels , and dance halls in
9135-421: The 2001 season after failing to complete a 4-yard Two-point conversion in the seventh OT period. "It was gladiator-like," Nutt said after the game. "TD after TD. Two points after two points." They then came back to win six of the last seven including victories over ranked South Carolina and Auburn teams. Based on this performance, the Razorbacks were selected to return to the Cotton Bowl Classic to face
9280-507: The 2010s; the whole of Shreveport has been improving roads since the mid-2010s, with continued road projects in 2018. In 2018, buildings in Shreveport's downtown and nearby districts were revitalized due to re-investment in the area. In 2020, plans were unveiled for the I-49 Connector and further redevelopment of the city. Shreveport encompasses many areas, neighborhoods, and districts. The busiest thoroughfares and areas of Shreveport are
9425-654: The AP and No. 6 in the UPI that season. Broyles coached the Razorbacks in 1976, but with limited success, compiling a 5–5–1 record. Broyles retired as Arkansas head coach following the 1976 season, but served as the university's athletics director until December 31, 2007. He is now arguably one of the best college football coaches to coach Arkansas. After Broyles left coaching and became athletic director at Arkansas, he hired New York Jets head coach Lou Holtz to take his former position. Holtz served as head football coach from 1977 through
9570-535: The Aggies to share the conference championship with Texas and Arkansas. However, the tie-breaker went to Arkansas, thus Arkansas received the invitation to the Cotton Bowl Classic . The Cotton Bowl Classic berth would also be Broyles' last appearance. Arkansas would fall behind Georgia early on in that game, but came roaring back to beat the Bulldogs easily, 31–10. Arkansas finished with a 10–2 record and finished ranked No. 7 in
9715-472: The Bottoms. Bluesmen Jesse Thomas , Dave Alexander , and Kenny Wayne Shepherd , and the early jazz and ragtime composers Bill Wray and Willian Christopher O'Hare were all from Shreveport. Lead Belly achieved international fame. By 1914, neglect and lack of use, due to diversion of freight traffic to railroad lines, resulted in the Red River becoming unnavigable. In projects accomplished over decades, in 1994,
9860-537: The Game of the Century, is perhaps the most notable football game in Razorbacks history. Arkansas led 14–0 at after three quarters, but Texas stormed back and took a 15–14 lead on a two-point conversion, after a questionable passing play was called late in the game by then coach Frank Broyles, which was intercepted by Texas. President Richard Nixon was in attendance, and proclaimed Texas the national champions, even though they had
10005-555: The Hogs join a conference before he left to coach at Oregon . The Razorbacks joined the Southwest Conference (SWC) as charter members in 1915 . The conference also included teams from Texas ( Baylor , Rice , Texas , Texas A&M ) and Oklahoma ( Oklahoma , Oklahoma A&M ). Southwestern (TX) would also join, but leave the following year. The 1916, 1917, and 1919 teams were led at quarterback by "Arkansas' greatest athlete" Gene Davidson . The Razorbacks didn't have
10150-670: The Holy Nativity of the Lord Church of the Orthodox Church in America . The Jewish community of Shreveport dates to the organization of Congregation Har El in 1859, made up primarily of German Jewish immigrants in its early years. It developed as B'nai Zion Temple , today the city's Reform congregation, which built the city's largest synagogue. Agudath Achim, founded in 1905 as an Orthodox congregation of immigrants from Eastern Europe,
10295-465: The Razorback football team during this period as a revival of Arkansas , which was recovering from the Little Rock Nine and racial segregation problems. The 1960s was the best decade in Arkansas football history. 1960 brought another SWC crown, and a Cotton Bowl Classic invitation for the Hogs, who were ranked as high as 7th during the season. The Razorbacks lost to No. 2 Ole Miss and No. 20 Baylor , but defeated No. 11 Texas in Austin , bringing
10440-412: The Razorbacks after Arkansas defeated LSU 7–0, and coach Bezdek told a group of reporters after the game that his team played like a "wild band of Razorback hogs". The name stuck, and the student body voted to change the mascot. The "Wooo Pig Sooie" or "Calling The Hogs" became a tradition and the official school cheer in the 1920s when farmers rushing out to meet the bus returning from an away game called
10585-490: The Razorbacks for the rest of the season. However, Crowe's lawyer subsequently told Sports Illustrated that Crowe had been fired, and Broyles admitted that he'd fired Crowe due to concern that the fans no longer had confidence in him. He finished 9–15 in two seasons and one game in Fayetteville. Joe Kines brought Danny Ford to Arkansas in 1992 to help with the clean-up following Frank Broyles ' firing of Jack Crowe (Ford's former offensive coordinator at Clemson) after
10730-620: The Razorbacks lost their next three games, putting them out of contention for the national championship or even the SEC Western Division crown. The Razorbacks won four of their final five games and defeated Missouri in the Independence Bowl . After the 2003 season, Nebraska was rumored to be courting Nutt to be their head coach, after the firing of Frank Solich . The 2004 and 2005 campaigns were widely expected to be rebuilding years due to young teams. The 2004 season ended with
10875-515: The Razorbacks lost to Ole Miss , and took a fateful train to Arkadelphia to play Ouachita Baptist . While Carter was eating, he was invited to a meeting of Ouachita boosters. He transferred (which took place immediately, this being permissible at the time) and defeated Arkansas 15–9 in 1914. The Hogs would be contacted by L. Theo Bellmont in 1913 in his attempt to create an intercollegiate conference to regulate use of ringers . Hugo Bezdek, since replaced by E. T. Pickering , had recommended that
11020-519: The Razorbacks notched in Ford's tenure. Broyles fired Ford following back-to-back 4–7 campaigns. Ford finished 26–30–1 in five seasons with the Razorbacks. It was ironic that Ford ended up at Arkansas, since his replacement at Clemson was former Razorback head coach Ken Hatfield , who had had his own falling out with Arkansas athletic director Frank Broyles. Hatfield took the Clemson job in January 1990, less than
11165-483: The Razorbacks were 10–0 in the regular season, and were once again the Southwest Conference Champions. That sent the Razorbacks back to the Cotton Bowl Classic on New Year's Day, this time to play against LSU . Because of the controversy in determining the national champions in 1964, the AP poll would wait until after the bowl games to announce its champion. With top-ranked Michigan State losing in
11310-409: The Razorbacks. The decision came as something of a surprise, since Crowe had only won five games in two seasons at Livingston University in the late 1970s. By the start of the season, the Razorbacks had seen Barry Foster give up his senior season to enter the 1990 NFL draft and had lost numerous other players to disciplinary and academic problems. Under the circumstances, the Razorbacks struggled to
11455-688: The Rebels in War Memorial Stadium on October 23, 1954. The Rebels were ranked No. 5 by the AP Poll entering the game, and Arkansas was picked to finish last in the SWC. The contest would be decided by a 66-yard halfback pass from tailback Buddy Bob Benson to blocking back Preston Carpenter , the only score of the game. This is referred to as the Powder River Play, and "perhaps the most important in Arkansas football history to that time" by Orville Henry,
11600-566: The SEC coaches for the second time. The Razorbacks finished the season at 10–4. Shreveport, Louisiana Shreveport ( / ˈ ʃ r iː v p ɔːr t / SHREEV -port ) is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana . It is the third-most populous city in Louisiana after New Orleans and Baton Rouge . The bulk of Shreveport is in Caddo Parish , of which it is the parish seat. It extends along
11745-493: The SEC in 1992. LSU now plays Texas A&M in its regular season finale. Missouri faced the Aggies to close the 2012 and 2013 regular seasons in a continuation of the former Big 12 Conference series. Arkansas will bring the game back to War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock in alternating years when the Razorbacks are hosting the Tigers, from 2019 to 2024. A year later, Missouri and the Kansas City Chiefs agreed to move
11890-695: The SEC, and played the 11–1, fourth-ranked Florida Gators for the SEC Championship. Florida won, 38–28. The Razorbacks then lost to the No. 5 Wisconsin Badgers on New Year's Day, 2007 in the Capital One Bowl . A highlight of the season was the second-place finish of sophomore tailback Darren McFadden in the Heisman Trophy voting. Nutt was named SEC coach of the year by the Associated Press and by
12035-427: The Southwest Conference championship. During this period, Arkansas developed rivalries with Texas and Texas A&M because of their intense conference match-ups. Missouri head coach Frank Broyles was hired as the Razorbacks head football coach in 1957 and served in that position for 19 years. Arkansas would grow into a national power with Broyles at the helm, including several conference championships and
12180-492: The Southwest Conference to the Southeastern Conference (SEC), effective with the 1992 season. When Hatfield announced he was leaving for Clemson, Broyles was in a difficult situation. Not only was there nowhere near enough time to find a big-name coach, but National Signing Day was only three weeks away. Broyles persuaded Jack Crowe , who had just come to Fayetteville as offensive coordinator, to drop his initial plans to follow Hatfield to Clemson and take over as head coach of
12325-574: The Trans-Mississippi was the last Confederate command to surrender, on May 26, 1865. "The period May 13–21, 1865, was filled with great uncertainly after soldiers learned of the surrenders of Lee and Johnston, the Good Friday assassination of President Abraham Lincoln and the rapid departure of their own generals." In the confusion there was a breakdown of military discipline and rioting by soldiers. They destroyed buildings containing service records,
12470-901: The Youree Drive area (named for Peter Youree ), the Shreveport Downtown Riverfront, and Highland neighborhood. All of the busiest areas are located in Eastern Shreveport, nearby or along the Red River. Below is a list of areas in the Shreveport area of Caddo Parish: Shreveport has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ). Rainfall is abundant, with the normal annual precipitation averaging over 51 inches (1,300 mm), with monthly averages ranging from less than 3 inches (76 mm) in August to more than 5 inches (130 mm) in June. Severe thunderstorms with heavy rain, hail , damaging winds and tornadoes occur in
12615-567: The advantages of the proposed site to the War Department . Following the return of this delegation, a special army board visited Shreveport and reported the location met all requirements of the Air Corps. The site was selected December 5, 1928, as the location of the airfield. The land in Bossier Parish on which the airfield was built was unincorporated land near Bossier City that was annexed by
12760-554: The area during the spring and summer months. The winter months are normally mild, with an average of 35 days of freezing or below-freezing temperatures per year, with ice and sleet storms possible. Summer months are hot and humid, with maximum temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of 91 days per year, with high to very high relative average humidity. The extreme temperatures range from −5 °F (−21 °C) on February 12, 1899 , to 110 °F (43 °C) on August 18, 1909, and August 25 and 26, 2023. Shreveport
12905-468: The beginning of the season but was unable to do so due to a back injury suffered in the spring. Dick led the Razorbacks to two victories out of four for a total of 10 wins, including a win over No. 13 Tennessee. The Razorbacks moved to No. 7 in the BCS standings. However, the Hogs lost their last regular season game to the No. 8 LSU Tigers , 31–26. Despite the loss, the Hogs were still Western Division Champions of
13050-450: The championship to Fayetteville . The Hogs lost to Duke, 7–6 , because of a blocked extra point. The following season brought another shared SWC championship with Texas. The Hogs were defeated by the Longhorns 33–7, as well as the No. 9 Ole Miss Rebels, warranting an invitation to New Orleans, Louisiana , for the Sugar Bowl . No. 1 Alabama defeated the Razorbacks 10–3. The Crimson Tide had been declared national champions before
13195-400: The city of Shreveport once the site had been selected among 80 candidates. The real estate was purchased from over 800 property owners via a $ 1,500,000 municipal bond issue approved by Shreveport voters in 1929 in fulfillment of the pledge that the citizens of Shreveport made to the U.S. government. The last of these bonds matured on December 31, 1959. After acquisition, Shreveport then donated
13340-440: The city, there were 89,523 housing units, with a 85% occupancy rate; among them, 54% were owner-occupied. Among its units, 73% were single-unit detached homes and 31% of its population moved into those homes from 2015 to 2016. The median value of its owner-occupied housing units were $ 151,700, and 30% of its units were estimated to be under $ 100,000; 38% of its units were estimated to cost from $ 100,000 to $ 200,000. From 2014 to 2018,
13485-413: The city; the 2020 American Community Survey determined an estimated 189,890 people resided in the city, purporting a slight population rebound. The 2020 census estimates showed Shreveport had 75,680 households with an average of 2.4 people per household. Of the households, 39% were married-couple households, though 44% of its male population and 40% of its female population have never married. Throughout
13630-609: The clock. For their efforts, the Razorbacks received their first-ever invitation to the Citrus Bowl and ended the season ranked No. 16 after losing to Michigan . Nutt was selected as the Football News' National Coach of the Year. In 1999, Nutt's Razorbacks were picked to win the SEC Western Division, but suffered a series of setbacks during the season. They recovered to defeat nationally ranked Tennessee and Mississippi State to earn
13775-426: The coming of riverboat gambling to Shreveport attracted numerous new patrons to the downtown and spurred a revitalization of the adjacent riverfront areas. Many downtown streets were given a facelift through the "Streetscape" project. Traditional brick sidewalks and crosswalks were built, and statues, sculptures, and mosaics were added to create a better pedestrian environment. The O.K. Allen Bridge, commonly known as
13920-594: The conclusion of the season, coaching changes were made by Nutt in the offseason at the risk of being fired, the most notable of which was the forced addition of Gus Malzahn , previously the head coach at Springdale High School in Springdale, Arkansas , as offensive coordinator . The hiring of Malzahn allowed Nutt to sign several highly recruited Springdale players, including Springdale High School quarterback Mitch Mustain and wide receiver Damian Williams who eventually transferred to USC. The 2006 season began with
14065-434: The defending national champion Oklahoma Sooners . Arkansas lost, gaining only 50 yards of total offense and just six first downs. Nutt was named SEC coach of the year by the Associated Press and by the SEC coaches. In 2002, Nutt's Razorbacks stumbled midway through the season but pulled together five straight wins, including a last second touchdown pass against LSU, often referred to as the "Miracle on Markham" to pull out
14210-453: The end zone from 9 yards out to make it 28–3. Missouri found themselves in a 4th-and-10 at the UA 33 with 2:35 in the 4th, but Missouri quarterback Drew Lock threw an interception (picked off by Josh Liddell) to seal the game. The Razorbacks defeated the Tigers 28–3, closing Pinkel's 15-year tenure at Mizzou. Arkansas Razorbacks football The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents
14355-473: The field, some of Nutt's players were named to the SEC Academic Honor Roll 145 times and he has established a reputation as a responsible coach academically. Nutt received some criticism for a SEC win–loss record that was just barely over .500 and because he calls his own offensive plays during a game instead of relying on an offensive coordinator . In his first six seasons, Nutt led the team to
14500-446: The fifth time. Arkansas entered #25 and 8–4 under Reggie Herring and Missouri entered as co-Big 12 North champions; 11–2 and #7 under Gary Pinkel . Missouri RB Tony Temple found the end zone twice in the first half, from 22 and 4 yards out, and Missouri lead 14–0 at half. Temple scored again in the third quarter, from 4 yards out. Missouri took a 28–0 lead in the third quarter when William Moore returned an interception for 26 yards and
14645-519: The finale to No. 1 Texas. The 1971 Razorbacks went 8–3–1, including upset wins over No. 7 Cal and No. 10 Texas. They were invited to the Liberty Bowl , but lost to No. 9 Tennessee 14–13. The 1972–1974 seasons would be mediocre, as Arkansas struggled to defeat the Texas teams. The Hogs went 11–8–2 against schools in Texas, but failed to beat the University of Texas during the span. The highlight of
14790-435: The first quarter on a 4-yard run by running back Alex Collins . Collins scored from 7 yards out in the second quarter to give the Hogs a 14–0 lead. Missouri converted a 63-yard drive into a 35-yard Andrew Baggett field goal, making it 14–3 Hogs. Collins scored a third time from 25 yards out in the late second quarter, with the score now at 21–3. The final score of the game came with 2:15 in the third quarter, as Kody Walker found
14935-555: The game, which was the procedure at the time. The Hogs would fight this system in 1964, when the same Alabama team would claim the 1964 AP crown before losing the Orange Bowl to the Texas Longhorns, a team Arkansas defeated in Austin, Texas, during the regular season. Arkansas won the Cotton Bowl Classic over Nebraska, 10–7. Broyles' team was awarded the 1964 National Championship by the Football Writers Association of America and
15080-467: The game. The two rivals battled to a scoreless tie, with Razorback great Clyde Scott tackling an LSU Tiger at the one yard-line to preserve the tie on the second-to-last play of the game. LSU would fail to complete the field goal attempt on the next play. The Razorbacks defeated William & Mary the next year in the 1948 Dixie Bowl . In 1954 , the Ole Miss rivalry would catch fire. The Hogs played
15225-470: The hogs as a greeting. Arkansas prevailed over powerhouses Oklahoma , LSU and Washington University in St. Louis in 1909, and was declared unofficial champions of the South and Southwest. It was with the help of Steve Creekmore that this was accomplished. Creekmore became perhaps the first Razorback star, a quarterback from Van Buren who initially played only intramurals . Bezdek used Creekmore to install
15370-477: The land to the federal government per their agreement, while the federal government assumed all the costs of building construction and equipment installation. Shreveport had originally proposed a site adjacent to Cross Lake , but the United States Department of War deemed this location inappropriate due to the lack of suitable terrain for the facility's future expansion. Subsequent to the establishment of
15515-533: The mainline United Methodist Church . The Roman Catholic community is primarily served by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport . Of note among its predominantly Baptist population, the First Baptist Church of Shreveport was once pastored by Monroe E. Dodd, founder of the former Dodd College for Girls . Former Governor Jimmie Davis , also a Shreveport city commissioner, taught history for
15660-490: The median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $ 144,800. The median monthly cost with a mortgage was $ 1,178 and the median monthly cost without a mortgage was $ 364; the city of Shreveport had a median gross rent of $ 810. The median income from 2014 to 2018 was $ 36,338, and the mean income was $ 55,582. The per capita income was $ 25,022. By the 2020 American Community Survey, its median household income increased to $ 40,809. The median income for families grew to $ 54,023 with
15805-539: The mid-1950s, KWKH was the first major radio station to feature the music of Presley on its long-running Louisiana Hayride program at the Shreveport Municipal Auditorium. Horace Logan, long-term KWKH program manager and originator of the Hayride , and Frank Page introduced Presley on the Hayride . African American veterans of World War II were among activists in Shreveport through the 1960s who worked in
15950-483: The military installation, Bossier City grew and expanded southward and eastward, eventually enveloping the area surrounding the base. Technically, Barksdale AFB is neither in Bossier City nor Shreveport but, like all military bases, is an autonomous community with its own infrastructure. In September, 1941, the capture of the city of Shreveport was the objective of a U.S. Army war game, or military exercise , known as
16095-450: The newly independent Republic of Texas . It grew throughout the 20th century and, after the discovery of oil in Louisiana, became a national center for the oil industry. Standard Oil of Louisiana and United Gas Corporation were headquartered in the city until the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. After the loss of jobs in the oil industry, the closure of General Motors ' Shreveport Operations , and other economic problems, it struggled with
16240-479: The period was an upset of No. 5 USC in War Memorial Stadium in 1974. Broyles would win his seventh and final Southwest Conference championship in 1975 . The contest with Texas A&M was moved until the end of the year, as it was expected to decide the Southwest Conference championship. The Razorbacks did not disappoint, as Arkansas defeated No. 2 Texas A&M, 31–6, in War Memorial Stadium. The win forced
16385-582: The population was Hispanic or Latino American of any race. Reflecting the decline in North Louisiana's population, the city of Shreveport's racial and ethnic makeup among Hispanic and Latino Americans declined from 2010 yet rebounded from 2019's census estimates. At the 2020 census, Shreveport remained a predominantly Black and African American city, with 55.77% of the population identifying as such; non-Hispanic whites slightly declined to 35.26% and multiracial or Americans of another race increased to 3.45% of
16530-684: The population. Data from the 2020 United States census reflected growing trends of Hispanic and Latino, and Asian American population growth nationwide. Christianity is the city and metropolitan area's dominant religion, being part of the Bible Belt . Its residents were predominantly Protestant through the nineteenth century, and today, Baptists form the majority of Christians in Shreveport, followed by Methodists and Roman Catholics . Many Baptist and Methodist churches are affiliated with evangelical Protestant denominations, though several are also affiliated with mainline Protestantism ; among Baptists,
16675-565: The racial and ethnic makeup of Shreveport was 56.9% Black and African American , 36.8% non-Hispanic white , 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native , 1.7% Asian , 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander , 0.1% some other race, 1.5% two or more races , and 2.6% Hispanic and Latino American of any race. At the 2010 U.S. census, the racial and ethnic composition of the population was 54.70% Black or African American, 41.16% White, 1.0% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 1.2% from some other race and 1.5% from two or more races. In 2010, about 6.5% of
16820-521: The re-election of Jesse Helms as Senator from North Carolina at a time when Helms was leading the effort to block Martin Luther King Day from becoming a national holiday . Holtz left the program with a mark of 60–21–2. His teams reached six consecutive bowls (1977–1982), but only won one split conference championship. Holtz used a very conservative option offense. Ken Hatfield replaced Holtz in 1984. Hatfield played defensive back for Broyles on
16965-763: The revitalization plan of the Shreveport Economic Recovery Task Force after the Cross Bayou redevelopment plan was rejected. In June 2020, rapper Hurricane Chris was arrested in Shreveport for second-degree murder . Following the George Floyd killing in Minnesota, multiple protests were held in the city. Shreveport is located in Northwest Louisiana . It is the center of the Ark-La-Tex region where Arkansas , Louisiana, and Texas meet. It
17110-641: The rivalry game in 2020 to Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri . Due to concerns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic , the 2020 game was moved back to Columbia instead of Kansas City. Due to contract negotiations falling through between the University of Arkansas and the owners of War Memorial Stadium, the 2021–2024 games have all been moved back to Fayetteville. Missouri 11, Arkansas 0 The first meeting between Arkansas and Missouri took place on November 10, 1906, and finished 11 to 0 in favor of Missouri. The game
17255-533: The school colors. The Razorback mascot was selected in 1910 to replace the Cardinal as the University of Arkansas mascot. In exchange for its use, the university provided used athletic gear to Texarkana Arkansas High; this practice is no longer used. With the new name and mascot, the Hogs defeated LSU 51–0 and gave Texas A&M their only loss in 1910 , but fell short of another perfect season, losing 5–0 to Kansas State . In 1913 , Arkansas quarterback J. L. Carter and
17400-472: The season until the final two games when they defeated ranked Mississippi State and LSU teams to pull out another winning record and a Las Vegas Bowl appearance. In the 2001 season, the Razorbacks started off with three straight losses in SEC play. On November 3, 2001, Arkansas defeated Ole Miss 58–56 in 7 overtimes, a record for the longest college football game at the time. The Rebels, led by freshman quarterback Eli Manning , took their second loss of
17545-487: The series 7–2 since the schools began playing as SEC foes in 2014. The teams did not play in 2012 and 2013, the first two years Missouri was a member of the conference. Starting in 2015, the winner of the game received a silver trophy outlining the states of Missouri and Arkansas with the words "Battle Line" on the border between the states. In 2014, Missouri's victory gave them a spot in the SEC Championship . The series
17690-487: The state capital of Baton Rouge , 99 miles (159 km) from Monroe , 69 miles (111 km) from Ruston , and 30 miles (48 km) from Minden , Louisiana. The city's proximity to the nearby cities makes it North Louisiana and the Ark-La-Tex's transportation hub. Shreveport is the parish seat of Caddo Parish . Portions of the city extend into neighboring Bossier Parish , bordering Bossier City . Shreveport sits on
17835-476: The state. Steamboats plied the Red River, and stevedores loaded and unloaded cargo. By 1860, Shreveport had a population of 2,200 free people and 1,300 slaves within the city limits. During the American Civil War , Shreveport was the capital of Louisiana from 1863 to 1865, having succeeded Baton Rouge and Opelousas after each fell under Union control. The city was a Confederate stronghold throughout
17980-505: The suspensions, numerous African-American players on the team threatened to boycott the game. The always-quotable Holtz said two days before the game, "I'm one step short of suicide". The Razorbacks found an unlikely hero in Roland Sales , who rushed for 205 yards on 23 carries and two scores. Sales also led the Hogs in receiving in the contest. In addition, Holtz used third-string running back Randy Richey, who added 98 rushing yards and
18125-413: The town consisted of 64 city blocks, created by eight streets running west from the Red River and eight streets running south from Cross Bayou, one of its tributaries. Shreveport soon became a center of steamboat commerce, carrying mostly cotton and agricultural crops from the plantations of Caddo Parish. Shreveport also had a slave market, though slave trading was not as widespread as in other parts of
18270-566: The trophy was on the line, the Razorbacks won 28–3. The Tigers captured the trophy for the first time in 2016, overcoming a 24–7 halftime deficit to win 28–24 in Columbia. In 2017 the Tigers kept the trophy winning 48–45 on a last second 19-yard field goal by kicker Tucker McCann . Prior to 2014, Arkansas played LSU in the Battle for the Golden Boot in its regular season finale every year since joining
18415-621: The war and was the site of the headquarters of the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate Army. Fort Albert Sidney Johnston was built on a ridge northwest of the city. Because of limited development in that area, the site is relatively undisturbed in the 21st century. Isolated from events in the east, the Civil War continued in the Trans-Mississippi theater for several weeks after Robert E. Lee 's surrender in April 1865, and
18560-651: The west bank of the Red River into neighboring Bossier Parish . The 2020 census tabulation for the city's population was 201,573, while the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area had a population of 393,406. Shreveport was founded in 1836 by the Shreve Town Company, a corporation established to develop a town at the juncture of the newly navigable Red River and the Texas Trail , an overland route into
18705-435: The years but closed in 2001) Honeywell UOP , Libbey-Owens-Ford , Beaird-Poulan (the originator of and, for decades, the only manufacturer of the single-operator chainsaw in the world), Calumet Specialty Products Partners (originally United Gas Corporation 's Atlas Processing Unit and then Pennzoil ), and Frymaster, LLC (a subsidiary of The Manitowoc Company ). Today, only Calumet Packaging and Honeywell UOP survive as
18850-590: Was a neutral site game played in St. Louis, Missouri . Arkansas was coached by Glen Rose (1st season) and would finish 5–5–1. Missouri was coached by Chauncey Simpson and would finish 3–5–2. Arkansas 27, Missouri 14 Arkansas and Missouri met in a bowl game for the first time on December 31, 2003, in the Independence Bowl played in Shreveport, Louisiana . Arkansas was coached by Houston Nutt (6th season) and Missouri
18995-494: Was also criticized for finishing with a losing record against Texas, going 2–4, with both victories on the road in Austin, Texas. Despite this success, Hatfield had a somewhat frosty relationship with Broyles, and lost out on several key recruits when other coaches spread rumors that he was in Broyles' doghouse. When Broyles signed a new five-year contract as athletic director, Hatfield abruptly resigned less than two weeks after losing
19140-467: Was arrested in Shreveport after his band tried to register at a "whites-only" Holiday Inn , where they planned to stay before performing in the city. Public facilities in Louisiana were still segregated. In the months following, Cooke recorded the civil rights era song, " A Change Is Gonna Come ". In 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act to end segregation of public facilities. In the mid-1990s,
19285-407: Was at stake for the first time on November 27, 2015. The teams played in Fayetteville for the first time, making Fayetteville the sixth location in seven meetings between the teams. Arkansas entered 6–5 under Bret Bielema and Missouri entered 5–6 under Gary Pinkel , who announced his resignation—effective at the end of the season—prior to the game. Arkansas opened the scoring with two seconds left in
19430-414: Was coached by Gary Pinkel (3rd season). Missouri ended the first quarter leading 7–3, but the Hogs scored 18 unanswered points and led 21–7 at half. Arkansas led 24–14 after three quarters and scored a field goal in the fourth quarter to win 27–14. Arkansas RB Cedric Cobbs was the game's offensive MVP (141 yds, 1 TD). Missouri 38, Arkansas 7 The 2008 Cotton Bowl Classic saw Arkansas meet Missouri for
19575-625: Was established to create a town at the meeting point of the Brown Bricks and the Texas Trail. The Red River was made navigable by Captain Henry Miller Shreve , who led the United States Army Corps of Engineers efforts to clear the Red River. A 180-mile-long (290 km) natural log jam, the Great Raft , had previously obstructed passage to shipping. Shreve used a specially modified riverboat ,
19720-502: Was formed in 1894 and coached by John Futrall , who was a Latin professor at the university. That team played three games: two against Fort Smith High School and one against Texas . Before the 1909 season, the teams were called the Arkansas Cardinals and a bird was the school's mascot. The name and mascot changed following the 1909 season when the football team, coached by Hugo Bezdek , finished 7–0. The Cardinals became
19865-541: Was formerly a major player in United States oil business, and once hosted the Standard Oil of Louisiana offices, a branch of Standard Oil . The Louisiana branch was later absorbed by Standard Oil of New Jersey . Beginning in 1930, United Gas Corporation , the nation's busiest pipeline operator and massive integrated oil company, was headquartered in Shreveport. Pennzoil performed a hostile takeover in 1968, and forced
20010-494: Was hired by the University of Arkansas to succeed Danny Ford . Upon his arrival at Arkansas, Nutt invigorated the Hog fan base with his enthusiasm and high energy. Under Nutt, the Razorbacks were one of three SEC schools to play in three New Year's Day bowls within five years. Nutt's teams were noted for a series of overtime games, including the two longest overtime games in NCAA history. Off
20155-564: Was hired to fly over the local area in order to find a suitable site for the airfield. Captain Harris selected what he felt was an adequate location for a military airfield. It was a sprawling section of cotton plantation near Bossier City. The site selection committee, representing the wealthiest taxpayers in the city, unanimously agreed upon the Barksdale Field location. A delegation of citizens traveled to Washington, D.C. , to personally present
20300-479: Was known as University Stadium for one game before being changed to honor the governor. This stadium still exists today, although heavily renovated, as Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium , the current home of the Razorbacks. Arkansas won the conference championship in 1946 , earning a bid in the 1947 Cotton Bowl Classic with LSU . The game would become known as the Ice Bowl , as a winter storm hit Dallas before
20445-456: Was likewise pastored by Dr. E. Edward Jones, another civil rights icon. Among its Methodist churches has been the large First Methodist Church , established in 1884. The current edifice dates to 1913. Among its former pastors were D. L. Dykes Jr. and John E. Fellers. During a severe thunderstorm in 2009, the fiberglass steeple of the church toppled and fell onto a passing car. It has since been replaced. A second prominent Methodist congregation
20590-431: Was played in Columbia, Missouri . Missouri, under head coach W.J. Monilaw (in his first season as head coach at Missouri), entered the game 4–1. Arkansas, under head coach Frank Longman (in his first season as head coach at Arkansas), entered the game 1–3–1. Arkansas 7, Missouri 6 The meeting which was held on September 23, 1944, ended with a 7–6 Arkansas victory. The game was the season opener for both teams and it
20735-464: Was played on Black Friday from 2014 to 2019, with the 2020 edition scheduled for the week after due to scheduling complications from the COVID-19 pandemic . The location of the games changes every year between Fayetteville, Arkansas in Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium and Columbia, Missouri on Faurot Field . Missouri won the first meeting as SEC opponents 21–14 in Columbia. In the first game that
20880-428: Was second only to New Orleans in Louisiana tourism. Nearby Bossier City is home to one of the three horse racetracks in the state, Louisiana Downs . Casinos in Shreveport-Bossier include Sam's Town , Bally's , Horseshoe , Boomtown , and Margaritaville . Diamond Jacks Casino (formerly Isle of Capri) closed in 2020. The Shreveport-Bossier Convention and Tourist Bureau is the official tourism information agency for
21025-428: Was taken to the nearby Barksdale Air Force Base . He also made a visit to speak in the city on March 11, 2005. Since the downturn in the oil industry and other economic problems, the city has struggled with a declining population, unemployment, poverty, drugs and violent crime. City data from 2017 showed a dramatic increase in certain violent crimes from the previous year, including a 138 percent increase in homicides,
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