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69-455: August 15, 1540: This is the date in which the city was founded by Garcí Manuel de Carbajal . The cathedral started construction on this very date. In the "Act of Foundation" of Arequipa, it can be read: "...in the name of its majesty Governor Francisco Pizarro , founded the beautiful village in the valley of Arequipa, in the Collasuyo section, above the river edge, in his name he put the cross, in

138-420: A concern, with the incorporation of electric buses and the promotion of the use of non-motorized vehicles. The city is located at an average elevation of 2,328 metres (7,638 ft) above sea level, with the lowest part of the city at 2,041 metres (6,696 ft) above sea level in the area called Huayco Uchumayo while the highest is located at 2,810 metres (9,220 ft) above sea level. The central part of

207-591: A cradle of civic resistance. Two demonstrations against the Odría regime are especially noteworthy: one in June 1950 and the other that dominated the scene in December 1955. In 2000, the historic center of Arequipa was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . However, on 23 June 2001, an 8.4-magnitude earthquake damaged several historical buildings. This resulted in more precautions and safety measures to be conducted, to ensure

276-408: A cross in the empty territory as a sign and custom for the construction of a new cathedral. Other local historians suggest Carbajal decided to make this the main plaza as it afforded a great background view of a majestic volcano in the background. Carbajal also began establishing the grid of streets as drawn up by the orders of Pizarro. Many of the other early developments of the city were done under

345-518: A drought in the Altiplano caused a rise in migration, urbanization, and peripheral city growth (suburbs and shantytowns) that continues to this day. The rearrangement and improvement of urban space after the earthquakes also helped cause Arequipa's population to grow twofold in a decade. The population increased from 158,000 in 1961 to 309,000 in 1972 to almost 500,000 in 1983. Urban development of previously rural areas incorporated subsistence farming into

414-737: A letter to the Mayor of the City to explain his views regarding the color of the Banner of Arequipa, basing his claims on the ' Act of the Oath of King Carlos III " of 11 August 1788. On 23 September of the same year, Father Victor M. Barriga also published an important document in the Catholic newspaper El Deber that contains a description of the royal standard of Arequipa found in the "Act of 3 September 1789". On 22 December 1540, King Charles I of Spain elevated Arequipa to

483-429: A political balance and closed adherence to the directives coming from the kings of Spain, a phenomenon called "fidelismo" that had as notable defenders Francisco de Paula Quiroz, Mariano de Rivero, Nicólas Fernández, and José Miguel de Lastarria. In the uprising of Túpac Amaru II he confronted the city with a column of troops that he armed at his expense, and helped destroy the siege of the city of La Paz , which earns it

552-546: A supposed subterranean pathway under Arequipa's Plaza de Armas cathedral, like Francisco Pizarro's body in Lima . Arequipa Arequipa ( Spanish pronunciation: [aɾeˈkipa] ; Aymara and Quechua : Ariqipa ), also known by its nicknames of Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "White City") and León del Sur (Spanish for "Lion of the South"), is a city in Peru and the capital of

621-499: Is helped by several Spanish officials and many hundreds of " Mitayo " Indians. The new design would have three sections, arcs and vaults of brick. February 1600: When construction was almost finished, the violent eruption of the Huaynaputina stratovolcano (also known as Quinistaquillas or Omate), together with several earthquakes and a rain of ash, destroyed part of the structure. 1604: Another earthquake completely destroyed what

690-670: Is known. Carbajal, meanwhile, decided to build his permanent living quarters in what would later be called "La Mansión del Fundador," located on the bank of the Socabaya River in the small countryside town of Huasacache (10 km from the Plaza de Armas). Throughout the centuries the house deteriorated but was again restored in the early 1980s and is now frequently visited by tourists despite having changed owners many times. After Carbajal's death in 1552, his burial site remained unknown; however, according to local legends his remains were interred at

759-478: Is marked by the presence of clouds in the afternoon and low rainfall. In winter (June and July), the temperature drops to an average of 6 °C (43 °F). The average relative humidity is 46%, with an average high of 70% in the summer season and a minimum average of 27% during autumn, winter and spring, according to data from the Goyeneche Hospital weather station. The mountainous topography surrounding

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828-448: Is the seat of the city government. The city had a nominal GDP of US$ 9,445 million, equivalent to US$ 10,277 per capita (US$ 18,610 per capita PPP) in 2015, making Arequipa the city with the second-highest economic activity in Peru. Arequipa is also an important industrial and commercial center of Peru, and is considered as the second industrial city of the country. Within its industrial activity

897-479: The Peruvian War of Independence . Since 1553, by order of Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza, the application of the system of insaculation and under this system a mayor "of neighbors" and another "of soldiers" are elected, who were later replaced by the mayor "of neighbors" and "of citizens." The Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa began construction in 1544 but was destroyed due to an earthquake in 1583. The cathedral

966-755: The 2007 census , 70% of the Department of Arequipa's total population and 90% of its urban population lives in Arequipa city proper. The city is the second most populous in Peru after the capital, Lima. In an early census in 1796, Arequipa had a population of 37,241, of which 22,207 (59.6%) were Spaniards, 5,929 (15.9%) were Native Americans, 4,908 (13.2%) were mestizos , 2,487 (6.7%) were castizos , and 1,710 (4.6%) were Africans. Population growth accelerated from 1.1% growth between 1876 and 1917 to 3.3% growth between 1940 and 1960. The city's population increased from 80,000 in 1940 to 158,000 in 1961. An earthquake in 1958 and

1035-609: The Andes feature thick, extensive layers of volcanic lava. The climate of the city is predominantly dry in winter , autumn and spring due to low atmospheric humidity and a level of precipitation corresponding to that of a desert climate ( BWk , according to the Köppen climate classification ). On average, Arequipa has 300 days of sunshine each year. Typically, temperatures neither exceed 25 °C (77 °F) nor drop below 5 °C (41 °F). The wet season lasts from December to March and

1104-675: The Bolivarian constitution for life. It was during this period that the Academia Lauretana promoted the creation of the Colegio Nacional de la Independencia Americana and the National University of San Agustín in 1827. Arequipa's strategic location at the crossroads of the colonial silver trade route and that of the post-independence wool trade route allowed the city to emerge as an administrative, commercial, and industrial hub. In

1173-575: The Cabana and Collagua tribes they developed an agrarian economy in the valley. When the Inca Mayta Cápac arrived in the valley of the Chili river, he didn't build cities. Instead, through the mitma policy, he forced the resettlement of his subjects to solidify control of existing territories, conduct intelligence duties, and strengthen border enclaves to control unconquered villages. A Hispanic version of

1242-512: The Chili River and the monastery of Nuestra Señora de Gracia. The city became one of the most known and important in the Viceroyalty of Peru , being second from the capital, Lima . A town council was organized soon after the city of founded, which was in charge of electing mayors and authorities for the city. The organization was broken during civil wars carried out by rebel groups, leading up to

1311-488: The Chili River valley affects low-pressure fronts and local winds. These winds occur mainly in the early morning and the evening. Mountain breezes typically flow northeast, and valley breezes typically flow southwest. Wind velocity fluctuates between 1.5 m/s and 2.5 m/s. Solar radiation in Arequipa ranges from 850 to 950 W/m (watts per square meter), one of the highest levels of radiation in South America and

1380-589: The Convent of Santa Catalina and the San Francisco Monastery. Urban expansion occurred at the expense of the countryside, and this phenomenon has accelerated in recent decades. Arequipa expanded east of the historic center, and new avenues such as Parra Boulevard and Siglo Veinte Avenue were built to connect the historic center with newer neighborhoods, such as Vallecito (developed in the 1940s) or with already existing towns like Yanahuara, which were absorbed by

1449-582: The Incas resettled part of the population thousands of kilometres away in Aconcagua Valley . On 15 August 1540, Spanish lieutenant Garcí Manuel de Carbajal named the cluster of Native American villages in the area "Villa de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora del Valle Hermoso de Arequipa". At the time of its foundation, Arequipa already had a city council because Carbajal also led relocation efforts for an existing coastal city named Villa Hermosa de Camana. The name

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1518-557: The National University of San Agustin, moved out of the city center to more spacious land lots in peripheral areas to accommodate their growing facilities. Residential zones also developed in peripheral suburbs, causing the main function of the city center to be a tourist and business district. The metropolitan area of Arequipa consists of 19 districts, with a total area of 305,798 acres (123,752 hectares) of which 10,142 acres (4,104 ha) are distinctly urban. According to

1587-699: The National University of San Agustin. The Department of Arequipa's GDP is the second highest in Peru, after that of the Department of Lima . From 2003 to 2008, Arequipa was the "city with the greatest economic growth in Latin America" with a 66.1% increase in GDP per capita, according to a 2009 report of "America Economia". According to a government survey, Arequipa has the largest "workforce" in Peru with 625,547 people, and an economically active population (PEA) which amounts to 376,764 people having an employment rate similar to

1656-459: The Pacific , President Lizardo Montero Flores arrived in Arequipa and declared it the capital of Peru, which changed back to Lima after its occupation ended in 1823. On 22 April 1883, Montero installed a National Congress which was located at Independence College, also counting military support from a local army and important financial support from quotas and taxes coming from the economic elite and

1725-528: The Republic, arguing that the country was leaderless as Orbegoso was outside the capital. Orbegoso then sought support from Bolivian president Andrés de Santa Cruz against the claims of Salaverry. On 4 February 1836, Salaverry's Army of Reunification won a battle at Uchumayo. However, three days later in Socabaya, Salaverry surrendered to Santa Cruz On 18 February 1836, Salaverry and his nine officers were shot in

1794-634: The Spanish Monarchy gave the city the title of Faithful by Royal Charter. Because of its distance from other Peruvian cities, Arequipa was not heavily influenced by libertarian movements and was mostly loyal to the Spanish Empire . In 1814, Mateo Pumacahua 's pro-independence troops only briefly occupied Arequipa. The city would remain under Spanish control until the Battle of Ayacucho (1824), due to struggles for local political power. After independence

1863-557: The Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, a military backing made up of all males between the ages of 20 and 60They made up an army of 4,000 men and 8,000 to 10,000 National Guardsmenand significant economic support based on the quotas and expenditures imposed on both the economic elite and the various southern agricultural districts. The Republican Era brought many improvements to the city's infrastructure and economy. The Southern Railroad built by Henry Meiggs connected Arequipa with

1932-583: The apostles. 1879: The pulpit, made at the shop of Buisine-Rigot in Lille, France, was installed thanks to the Peruvian ambassador in France, Mr. Juan Mariano de Goyeneche, count of Guaqui. It was given to the church by Javiera Lizárraga de Alvarez Comparet. August 13, 1868: A violent and long earthquake destroyed several parts of the cathedral: the towers, part of the main portal, some of the façade arcs, and some altars. In

2001-523: The capture and execution of Atahualpa and the conquest of the Inca Empire was assured, Francisco Pizarro sent numerous Spanish delegations across Peru to discover new cities to consolidate his newly acquired dominions. Such was the case behind the exploration of what would become the city of Arequipa: the Spanish delegation led by Carbajal followed the advice of Pizarro and journeyed to Southern Peru. During

2070-414: The church. September 1544: Miguel Cornejo, the mayor of the city, assigned the building of the portal to the master Toribio de Alcaraz, who agreed to build it using white petrified volcanic lava ( sillar ). The church is built with two main sections. January 22, 1583: An earthquake reduced the church to rubble. 1590: It is decided to rebuild again the main church, and this is assigned to Gaspar Báez, who

2139-482: The city is split by the Chili River from north to south; to the north and east of Arequipa are the Andes Mountains, while to the south and west are sub-ranges of the Andes. The valley of Arequipa strategically links the coastal and highland regions of southern Peru. A series of volcanic cones dominates the city skyline – Misti and the extinct volcanic groups Pichu Pichu and Chachani . The western slopes of

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2208-467: The city is the third most visited city in the country after Cusco and Lima . In 2010, Arequipa received a total of 1.395 million visitors according to the Ministry of Commerce and Tourism. Since the 20th century, many factories tied to the primary sector, especially textiles and agriculture, have emerged. Arequipa's serves as an important commercial and industrial hub in the southern Andes in Peru, linking

2277-536: The city's expansion. Shantytowns appeared in the districts of Miraflores, Barrio Obrero, and Jacinto Ibanez. A permanent marketplace was built in a vacant lot previously occupied by the San Camilo Monastery. The Goyeneche Hospital was built between 1905 and 1910. Two theaters (Municipal and Ateneo), a hotel (Hotel de Turistas), a public library and the campus of San Agustin University were other city developments of

2346-485: The city. The early inhabitants of the modern-day Arequipa area were nomads who relied on fishing as well as hunting and gathering for survival. Later, pre-Inca cultures domesticated llamas and became sedentary with the rise of agriculture . Terraces used for crop irrigation were built on both sides of the Chili River valley. The Yarabaya and Chimbe tribes settled in the city's current location, and together with

2415-535: The cradle of notable intellectual, political and religious figures. In the Republican era, it was awarded the title of "Heroic city of the free people of Arequipa". Its historical center extends over an area of 332 hectares and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Historical heritage and monumental that it houses and its diverse scenic and cultural spaces turn it into a host city of national and international tourism, in its historical center it highlights

2484-666: The decade following Peru's 1821 declaration of independence from Spain, society in Arequipa and Peru at-large was in transition. Thus, Arequipa not only became the birthplace of notable political figures but also the site of key political movements that helped defend the legal and economic stability of the city; thus elevating Arequipa to a status second only to its rival city and the capital, Lima. On 13 January 1835, President Luis José de Orbegoso moved his government from Lima to Arequipa by presidential decree. Meanwhile, in Lima, General Felipe Santiago Salaverry named himself Supreme Chief of

2553-451: The direct guidance of Carbajal and in consultation with Pizarro and his followers. Some accounts say Pizarro himself was in Arequipa in 1539 with the intention of participating in the city's foundation, but had to leave immediately upon being called to attend peace negotiations with Manco Inca in Yucay (30 km away from Machu Picchu ). Of the developments in Arequipa after these years little

2622-488: The direction of the Bishop José Sebastián de Goyeneche y Barreda, and his brother Juan Mariano de Goyeneche. Technical direction was under the architect Lucas Pobrete. In this restoration it was enlarged reaching the place of the old San Juan church (destroyed in 1784). 1850: The Bishop Goyeneche assigned the production of several jewelry pieces to adorn the cathedral to the Spanish jeweler Francisco de Moratilla, who

2691-483: The early 20th century. Housing projects and new neighborhoods were also built, such as Cuarto Centenario and Selva Alegre. In the late 1950s, the city rapidly grew, especially in peripheral areas. Around this time, industrial operations located in areas of Barrio del Solar and Barrio Obrero, near the city center, moved outwards to the industrial zone (Parque Industrial), causing the former industrial areas to become commercial zones. Some educational institutions, such as

2760-473: The eponymous province and department . It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed the "legal capital of Peru". It is the second most populated city in Peru, after the capital Lima , with an urban population of 1,296,278 inhabitants according to the 2017 national census. Its metropolitan area integrates twenty-one districts, including the foundational central area, which it

2829-472: The events, detailed by chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega , which has been described as historically inaccurate, suggests that around 1170 Huayna Capac stopped in the Chili River valley with his army, calling the area Ari qepay which means "Let's stay here." Lands were then distributed among 3,000 families who founded communities such as Yanahuara, Cayma, Tiabaya, Socabaya, and Characato, all of which are districts in Arequipa today. After their conquest of Chile

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2898-407: The exploration, Carbajal and his followers reached the coast of Camaná and settled there briefly. To their dismay, however, many started suffering from fever and other illnesses and soon decided they needed a healthier, more hospitable place for their habitation. As a result, the conquistadors decided to move inland and soon reached the current site of Arequipa's Plaza de Armas cathedral , planting

2967-409: The façade started immediately. 1784: Earthquake. Some damage, but no structural damage. Partially reconstruction of the façade started immediately. December 1, 1844: There was a fire in the cathedral. The fire destroyed several parts of the church and many paintings, sculptures and furniture pieces, as well as several vaults and pillars. December 15, 1844: Present reconstruction work was made, under

3036-579: The following years, thanks to the Bishop and the Goyeneche family and under the technical direction of Lucas Pobrete, the two towers and the façade arcs were rebuilt. June 23, 2001: The 2001 southern Peru earthquake measuring 8.1 on the Richter scale on June 23. The left tower was destroyed, and the right tower suffered major damage. August 15, 2002: On the anniversary of its foundation, Mayor Manuel Guillén finished

3105-545: The highest recorded in Peru. Arequipa's proximity to the Atacama Desert and pollution contribute to the higher levels of radiation. On 15 August 1540, the Spanish plan for Arequipa resembled a checkerboard made of fifty-six blocks, each one of "400 Castilian feet" (111.40 meters) per side. Each block consisted of four or eight land lots, which were distributed according to the status of the new owners. Over time, some religious institutions would occupy an entire block as did

3174-519: The location signaled for the Church; He put the pike in the Plaza of the village, which he stated would do in the name of its majesty..." February 14, 1544: The representatives of the Council, Justice and Directorate of the city signed a contract with the architect Pedro Godínez, then regent of the city and commander of San Juan Bautista de Characato, and the carpenters Juan Rodríguez and Gregorio Álvarez to build

3243-612: The main square of the city. After expressing their rejection to the Peru–Bolivian Confederation , the Chilean government sent a military expedition that arrived in Arequipa on 12 October 1837. To avoid military conflict, negotiations led to a peace treaty signing in Paucarpata, a small town near Arequipa on 17 November 1837. In the following years, the city was the site of uprisings and successive military coups, which ended with

3312-525: The manufactured products and the textile production of wool of camelids. The town maintains close commercial links with Chile , Bolivia , and Brazil and with the cities connected by the South trainway , as well as with the port of Matarani . The city was founded on 15 August 1540, under the name of "Beautiful Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption" in the name of Marquis Francisco Pizarro . On 22 September 1541,

3381-489: The monarch Carlos V ordered that it should be called the "City of Arequipa". During the viceregal period , it acquired importance for its outstanding economic role, and is characterized by the fidelismo towards the Spanish Crown, which honored Arequipa with titles such as "Very Noble and Very Loyal". In the Republican history of Peru, the city has been the focus of popular, civic and democratic rebellions. It has also been

3450-459: The name of the city came from an ancient Aymara phrase, "ari qquepan", supposedly meaning "trumpet sound", in reference to the sound produced from blowing into an empty conch-like seashell. Another possible origin of the city's name comes from the Aymara phrase "qhipaya ari" or "Ari qipa" (from 'ari': acute, sharp or pointed; and 'qhipaya': behind), which translates to "behind the peak", referring to

3519-401: The national average with an average monthly income of 928 soles. The main economic sectors for the economically active population are manufacturing (12.9%), trade (23%), and non-personal services (36.6%). The unemployment rate in the Arequipa metropolitan area is 8%, compared to only 5% unemployment in Arequipa city proper. In Arequipa, tourism is a vital contributor to the local economy, as

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3588-434: The nearby volcano, Misti. Historians debate the origin of the crimson flag of the city. By 1940, several historians, most notably Francisco Mostajo and Victor M. Barriga, confirmed the royal origin of the crimson color of the flag, contrary to a blue banner which historian Victor Benavente hypothesized to be the original. This matches the color that local sports organizations use. On 2 September 1940, Francisco Mostajo sent

3657-411: The port city of Mollendo in 1871 and with Cuzco and Juliaca in 1876. In 1908, the first telegraph system in the Arequipa region connected Mollendo , Arequipa and Vitor. In 1914, the city built its first drinking water supply system as well as an aqueduct. In 1940, the city's international airport, Rodríguez Ballón International Airport , named after the Peruvian pilot from Arequipa, Rodríguez Ballón,

3726-588: The qualification of "Restoration Province of the Collao". For these services, King Charles IV issued a Royal Decree in the city of San Lorenzo on December 5, 1805, in which he ordered her to be called and titled Fidelísima. Independence Since the Spanish founding of Arequipa, the mostly Spanish population retained heavy loyalty to the Spanish crown, a phenomenon called fidelismo. Among its most notable proponents were Francisco de Paula Quiroz, Mariano de Rivero, Nicolás Fernández, and José Miguel de Lastarria. In 1805,

3795-429: The rank of city by royal decree, awarding it a coat of arms on which a mythical animal carries a banner inscribed with Karlos V or Del Rey. The city anthem is Fourth Centenary Anthem . Lyrics and music were composed by Emilio Pardo Valle and Aurelio Diaz Espinoza, who won a 1939 contest which the city council organize to dedicate a new anthem. Since then, the song has been sung at all important civic events held in

3864-532: The region as they were impressed by the beauty of the landscape and the mild climate. The Inca answered "Ari qhipay" (Quechua: "Yes, stay") . However, another similar tale states that when the first Europeans arrived to the valley, they pointed at the ground and asked for the name of the land. The local chief, not understanding the question, assumed they were asking for permission to sit down and gave an affirmation, which sounded like "Arequipa". Chroniclers Blas Valera and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega suggested that

3933-513: The religious architecture viceregal and republican product of mixture of Spanish and autochthonous characteristics, that constituted an own stylistic school called "Arequipeña School" whose influence arrived in Potosí (Bolivia). A local tradition states that Sapa Inca Mayta Cápac received a petition from his subjects to reach the valley of the River Chili. They asked him for permission to stay in

4002-594: The restoration of the towers. 16°23′53″S 71°32′11″W  /  16.3981°S 71.5364°W  / -16.3981; -71.5364 Garc%C3%AD Manuel de Carbajal Don Garcí Manuel de Carbajal (died 1552) was a Spanish lieutenant and occasional soldier who founded the city of Arequipa in Peru on 15 August 1540, calling it "La Villa Hermosa de Arequipa." Carbajal was born in Plasencia , Extremadura, Spain and explored present-day Arequipa as an emissary of Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro . Soon after

4071-458: The safety of the city and its history. Around the 2010s, the city experienced a large economic growth, partially due to its mining sector, being near copper reserves. The city has also tackled socio-environmental challenges, such as water management and urban planning. Arequipa's Urban Development Plan 2025 is a reflection of these efforts. The urban transport system has evolved, including the modernization of buses. Sustainable mobility has also been

4140-464: The southern agricultural districts. However, on 25 October 1883, a popular uprising overthrew the government of President Montero, who managed to escape to La Paz . Four days later, with support from city authorities, Chilean troops occupied Arequipa until August 1884. Montero's government had a "National Congress" installed on April 22, 1883 in the cloisters of the Colegio Independencia and

4209-410: The urban way of life. Evolution of the population of Arequipa in the period between 1796 and 2017 Sources: Population Census 1804 (Gil de Toboada) Viceroyalty of Peru in 1812, Census of inhabitants of Peru (1876), Census of the City of Arequipa in 1917 INEI, INEI 2012 population estimate 74.2% of the Department of Arequipa's GDP is generated by the city of Arequipa, according to studies by

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4278-451: The victory of forces led by Miguel de San Román against the army of Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco in the Battle of Paucarpata on 29 June 1857. Around this time, Arequipa gained prominence as a center of business and trade, focused in agricultural products and the production of wool, sometimes through exploitation of peasants. On 31 August 1882, following the occupation of Lima during the War of

4347-462: Was finished. It had three sections, 180 feet long by 84 feet wide (84.86 m by 25.6 m), 8 pillars, 5 chapels, 22 arcs, 15 brick vaults. 1666: Earthquake. Some damage, but no structural damage. Partially reconstruction of the façade started immediately. 1668: Earthquake. Some damage, but no structural damage. Partially reconstruction of the façade started immediately. 1687: Earthquake . Some damage, but no structural damage. Partially reconstruction of

4416-413: Was opened. Politically, Arequipa was no stranger to the tumults of the century. On August 22, 1930, Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro assumed control, forcing the departure of President Augusto B. Leguía . In a similar twist, on October 27, 1948, General Manuel A. Odría established a junta government after deposing President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero. But beyond the military movements, Arequipa also shone as

4485-734: Was proclaimed, the area of the Intendancy of Arequipa was established as a department by a decree of May 26, 1822. During the Congress of 1826 and the Constituent Assembly of 1827, Javier de Luna Pizarro, from Arequipa and Loreto, assumed the presidency. Under Simón Bolívar , Arequipa established itself as a staunch opponent of the dictatorial tendencies of the Liberator after his triumph at Ayacucho . Prominent Arequipeños such as Domingo Tristán, Benito Lazo and Gualberto Valdivia openly spoke out against

4554-534: Was rebuilt in 1590 and in 1609, Pope Paul V created the Arequpa Diocese. The cathedral was complete in 1950. One aspect that distinguished Arequipa from other localities in Peru, and Lima , in particular, was the explicit public adherence of the city's ruling classes to the Spanish Crown during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the eighteenth century, with the occurrence of the different indigenous and mestizo movements and rebellions, Arequipa maintained

4623-558: Was remaining of the structure. 1609: The Bula of Pope Paul V created the Arequipa Diocese, separating it from the one in Cuzco . The Arequipan Catholics had become impoverished since the Volcano eruption, but decided to rebuild the cathedral. January 27, 1621: Mr. Andrés de Espinoza was assigned the construction of the cathedral. 1628: Espinoza died. 1656: The construction of the cathedral

4692-507: Was shortened to Villa Hermosa de Arequipa. Charles V of Germany and I of Spain gave the town a status of 'city' by Royal Decree on 22 September 1541. The relocation efforts were led by Garcí Manuel de Carbajal , who was selected as the political authority for the foundation of the new town. Among the first public works carried out in the city are the Main Church, the City Hall, the bridge on

4761-567: Was then jeweler of the Queen of Spain. The nephews of the bishop (the count of Guaqui, the duchesses of Goyeneche and Gamio and Jose Sebastian de Goyeneche) gave the cathedral the main altar (still exists today) which was installed by an Italian architect of last name Guido. 1854: The clock of the tower, made in England, was installed. Also the music organ and twelve giant wood sculptures, all made in Belgium, of

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