Misplaced Pages

#424575

19-463: Barthi may refer to: Bartians , an Old Prussian tribe Barthi, Bangladesh Barthi, Punjab , town in Punjab Pakistan Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Barthi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

38-690: A considerable amount of time. In the early 14th century, his reputation outshone that of Gediminas , who is regarded by modern historians as one of the greatest Lithuanian rulers. The rule of Vytenis was marked by constant warfare in an effort to consolidate the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Ruthenians , Masovians , and the Teutonic Order . Vytenis is mentioned for the first time in 1292 during his father's invasion of Masovia : an army of 800 men reached as far as Łęczyca . During this raid he fought one of

57-633: The Archbishop of Riga , burghers of Riga, and the Livonian Order grew into an internal war. Vytenis offered help to the citizens of Riga and even made some vague promises to convert to Christianity, to ease religious tensions between the pagan soldiers and Christian residents. Vytenis successfully invaded Livonia, destroyed Karkus castle north of Riga, and defeated the order in the Battle of Turaida , killing Livonian Land Master Bruno and 22 knights. When Livonia

76-622: The military order was able to expand their territory northeast. Their strategy was to conquer a territory and built a castle — a stronghold that would serve as the basis for further expansion. Castles at that time in Europe were built to serve as bases for colonial expansion. The Bartians, together with the Warmians and the Natangians , were conquered by the Teutonic Knights 1238–1240. In Bartia

95-679: The Germans in the 16th or 17th century. They are most likely the Bartove mentioned in the Hypatian Codex (together with the Prussians : " Prousi i Bartove "). Vytenis Vytenis ( Belarusian : Віцень , romanized :  Vicień ; Polish : Witenes ) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from c.  1295 to c.  1316 . He became the first of the Gediminid dynasty to rule for

114-723: The Knights built major castles in Bartoszyce and Reszel . In 1242, just two years after their conquest, Bartians rebelled and managed to resist until 1252. During the Great Prussian Uprising (1260–1274), that started after the Knights suffered a major loss in the Battle of Durbe , Bartians chose Diwane as their leader. The rebels managed to capture a few castles, including Bartenstein (Bartoszyce) in 1264. With help from other Prussian tribes, Diwane attacked Kulm ( Chełmno ), Marienburg ( Malbork ), and Christburg ( Dzierzgoń ). However,

133-586: The Prussians could not win a war of attrition against the Knights, who could draw resources from the western Europe. In 1273 Diwane sieged another castle but was fatally wounded. Within a year, the uprising was over. Some of the rebels escaped to Grodno and other Lithuanian territories. Despite heavy losses during the uprising, Bartia did not become an uninhabited land and the Bartians continued to resist. Two more attempts were made, in 1286 and 1293, to fight against

152-583: The Teutonic Knights. In 1286 Bartians asked help from Duke of Rügen , and in 1293 from Vytenis , Grand Duke of Lithuania . In 1454, the region was incorporated by King Casimir IV Jagiellon to the Kingdom of Poland . After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War , the longest of all Polish–Teutonic wars, since 1466, it formed part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order, and after 1525 held by secular Ducal Prussia . The Bartians were forcibly assimilated by

171-555: The city residents gave it to the Order and sent the pagans away. Friendship with Riga fostered trade and commerce, and helped to consolidate Lithuanian influence in the Daugava basin, where c. 1307 Polatsk , a major trade post, was annexed by Lithuania. Due to close contacts with Riga Vytenis invited Franciscan friars to maintain a Catholic church in Navahrudak for German merchants in 1312. In

190-525: The end of the 17th century. Several years of conquest attempts by Poland , aided by a number of crusades by the popes and by Konrad of Masovia , had been fairly successfully repelled by the Prussians. Then Konrad of Masovia called for further crusades and invited the Teutonic Knights, an Order of the Catholic Church, to settle in Chełmno Land in 1226. Receiving support from the rest of Christian Europe,

209-545: The field of religion, it seems that Vytenis laid the groundwork for the creation of the Metropolitanate of Lithuania c. 1316. The metropolitanate was a tool in the competition between Vilnius and Moscow for the religious leadership in Ruthenia . Vytenis died ca. 1315 without an heir. The circumstances surrounding his death are not known. For a long time Russian historians claimed that he was struck by lightning . However, that

SECTION 10

#1733115147425

228-529: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barthi&oldid=711610838 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bartians The same description mentions two provinces, the Major Barta and the Minor Barta. The territory

247-453: The most victorious battles ( Battle of Trojanów ). After his father's death, c. 1295, he became Grand Duke. Vytenis was soon involved in succession disputes in Poland, supporting Boleslaus II of Masovia , who was married to a Lithuanian duchess Gaudemunda , and opposing Władysław I of Poland . In Ruthenia, Vytenis managed to recapture lands lost after the assassination of Mindaugas and capture

266-541: The opposite bank. During this time, the Teutonic Order was attempting to establish a corridor along the Baltic Sea , in Samogitia, to link up with the Livonian Order to the north. During the reign of Vytenis, the Teutonic Knights organized some 20 raids into Samogitia. Vytenis took measures to undermine influence of local Samogitian nobles, as evidenced by an increasing numbers of traitors and refugees. It seems that Gediminas

285-547: The principalities of Pinsk and Turaŭ . The crusade against pagan Lithuania and Samogitia intensified and reached a new level in the 1290s as Prussians and other Baltic tribes were conquered by the Teutonic Knights and Livonian Order . During Vytenis's reign a network of defensive castles was established and strengthened along the banks of the Neman and Jūra rivers; the Knights matched this with their own castles on

304-566: Was a mistake of a Russian scribe: it was an inadequate translation of Teutonic propaganda that Gediminas killed his master Vytenis and usurped his throne. Vytenis is mentioned for the last time in September 1315 during the unsuccessful Siege of Christmemel , the first castle built by the Teutonic Knights on the right bank of the Neman River. Historians know of only one son of Vytenis, Žvelgutis ( Swalegote ), who possibly died before his father. Such

323-504: Was helping Vytenis to control the nobles, who seriously considered resettling in Prussia as vassals of the Teutonic Knights. The Order also consolidated its control over Semigalia , where Lithuanians had their garrisons since the Battle of Aizkraukle . The Order captured Dynaburg Castle, controlled by Lithuanians since 1281, in 1313. One of the most celebrated achievements of Vytenis was an alliance with Riga . In 1297 disagreements between

342-478: Was quite densely populated, as confirmed by abundant archeological findings. Before the wars with the Teutonic Knights , the population was estimated to be at 17,000. The Bartians, along with the other Prussians, were conquered by the Teutonic Knights, who Christianized them under duress, brought in settlers. The Prussians were forcibly assimilated by the invaders and the Old Prussian language became extinct by

361-420: Was secured, Vytenis organized eleven campaigns into territories of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia in 1298–1313, including one to Brodnica , where entire population was massacred. His cause was helped by the fact that in 1308 the Teutonic Knights conquered Pomerania and started its quarrels with Poland . A Lithuanian garrison, situated in a "Lithuanian castle" outside the city, guarded Riga until 1313 when

#424575