Misplaced Pages

#871128

23-521: It is operated by Esaero The airport was commissioned on November 19, 2021 as a replacement to an older facility which was then closed. The airport is the main base for panoramic flights of the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park . The airport is located 3 km (2 mi) from downtown Barreirinhas. Len%C3%A7%C3%B3is Maranhenses National Park Lençóis Maranhenses National Park ( Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses )

46-414: A gestation of 74 to 76 days. The kittens' eyes open after 8 to 17 days, an unusually long period for a cat of this size. Their teeth erupt more or less simultaneously at around 21 days of age. The kittens do not begin to take solid food until they are 38 to 56 days old, but are fully weaned at the age of three months. Oncillas reach sexual maturity at around two to two and a half years of age. They have

69-489: A distance, and once in range, it pounces to catch and kill the prey. It is generally nocturnal , but in areas such as Caatinga, where its main food source consists of diurnal lizards, it is more likely to be active during the day. Young oncillas have been observed to purr, while adults are known to make short, gurgling calls when close to one another. Estrus lasts from three to nine days, with older cats having shorter cycles. Females give birth to one to three kittens after

92-574: A layer of impermeable rock located beneath the sandy surface. The lagoons typically have a temperature between 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F), pH of between 4.9 and 6.2, and low levels of dissolved nutrients. When the dry season returns, the pools quickly evaporate, losing as much as 1 metre (3 ft) of depth per month. In the interior of the park are located two oases or restingas , Queimada do Britos, covering an area of 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres), and Baixa Grande, covering an area of 850 hectares (2,100 acres). The area of

115-642: A life span of about 11 years in the wild, but there are records of oncillas reaching an age of 17 years. The following are the traditionally recognized subspecies: Although the Central American oncilla is listed as a separate subspecies, based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA, Johnson et al. (1999) found strongly supported differences between L.t. oncilla in Costa Rica and L.t. guttulus in southern Brazil, comparable to differences between different neotropical species. Researchers have argued that there should be

138-409: A series of sand dunes rising as much as 40 metres (130 ft) tall. During the rainy season, between the months of January and June, the rainstorms fill the spaces among the dunes with fresh water lagoons of up to 100 metres (330 ft) in length and 3 metres (10 ft) in depth, and together comprising as much as 41% of the area of the park. The water in the lagoons is prevented from draining by

161-432: A splitting of the oncilla into two species, as there is a pronounced difference in appearance between the oncillas in Costa Rica and those in central and southern Brazil. Further samples of L.t. oncilla are needed from northern South America to determine whether this taxon ranges outside Central America, and whether it should be considered a distinct species rather than a subspecies. In 2013, genetic research revealed that

184-520: A year. Common activities within the park include surfing, canoeing and horse riding. The park was featured in the Brazilian film The House of Sand . " Kadhal Anukkal ", a song from the Indian Tamil language film Enthiran , was also shot there. The films Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019) used the park's landscape as the planet of Vormir. A concert by

207-510: Is a national park in Maranhão state in northeastern Brazil , just east of the Baía de São José . Protected on June 2, 1981, the 155,000 ha (380,000-acre) park includes 70 km (43 mi) of coastline, and an interior composed of rolling sand dunes. During the rainy season, the valleys among the dunes fill with freshwater lagoons, prevented from draining by the impermeable rock beneath. The park

230-449: Is home to a range of species, including four listed as endangered , and has become a popular destination for ecotourists . In July 2024 the site was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its exceptional beauty and the fact that it is a unique natural aspect in the world. The park is located on the northeastern coast of Brazil in the state of Maranhão along the eastern coast, bordered by 70 kilometres (43 mi) of beaches along

253-499: Is one of the four most heavily hunted of all the small wild cats. Another factor contributing to oncilla mortality is human expansion and conversion of land for settlements. Coffee plantations are most often established in cloud forest habitats, causing the reduction of preferred habitats. Hybridization of the oncilla with the Geoffroy's cat ( Leopardus geoffroyi ) has been found in the southernmost part of its range; hybridization with

SECTION 10

#1732858124872

276-639: Is shortened, with fewer teeth, but with well-developed carnassials and canines. Some melanistic oncillas have been reported from the more heavily forested parts of its range. The oncilla is distributed from a disjunct population in Costa Rica and Panama , and throughout the Amazon basin to central Brazil. It was recorded in Costa Rica's cloud forests , in the northern Andes at elevations of 1,500 to 3,000 m (4,900 to 9,800 ft) and in dry Cerrado and Caatinga landscapes of northern Brazil. In Panama, it

299-573: The Atlantic Ocean. Inland, it is bordered by the Parnaíba River , the São José Basin , and the rivers of Itapecuru , Munim , and Periá . The park encompasses an area of 155,000 hectares (380,000 acres), composed mainly of expansive coastal dune fields (composed of barchanoid dunes), which formed during the late Quaternary period . While much of the park has the appearance of a desert,

322-482: The area receives about 1,200 millimetres (47 in) of rain per year, while deserts, by definition, receive less than 250 millimetres (10 in) annually. About 70% of this rainfall occurs between the months of January and May. The sand is carried to the park from the interior of the continent by the Parnaíba and Preguiças rivers, where it is then driven back inland up to 50 kilometres (31 mi) by winds, creating

345-410: The back and flanks. The underside is pale with dark spots and the tail is ringed. The backs of the ears are black with bold white spots. The rosettes are black or brown, open in the center, and irregularly shaped. The legs have medium-sized spots tapering to smaller spots near the paws. This coloration helps the oncilla blend in with the mottled sunlight of the tropical forest understory. The oncilla's jaw

368-705: The dry season. Besides the dunes that form the centerpiece of the park, the ecosystem also includes area of restinga and mangrove ecosystems. The park is home to four species listed on the Brazilian List of Endangered Species, the scarlet ibis ( Eudocimus ruber ), the neotropical otter ( Lontra longicaudis ), the oncilla ( Leopardus tigrinus ) and the West Indian manatee ( Trichechus manatus ). The park also includes 133 species of plants, 112 species of birds, and at least 42 species of reptiles. Lençóis Maranhenses National Park receives as many as 60,000 visitors

391-463: The eastern group was proposed to be a distinct species Leopardus emiliae . A further phylogenetic study published in 2021 supported the recognition of a third species. The oncilla is mainly threatened by deforestation and poaching . Oncillas are killed for their pelts, which are highly prized and often sold or made into clothing. Reports in 1972 and 1982 in South America showed that the oncilla

414-643: The former subspecies L. t. guttulus is a separate cryptic species that does not interbreed with the other subspecies, and proposes a classification into two species L. guttulus and L. tigrinus . A zone of hybridization between the oncilla and the colocolo (Pampas cat) has been found through genetic analyses of specimens from central Brazil. Results of a morphological analysis of 250 samples of skins and skulls indicate that there are three distinct oncilla groups: namely one in South America's northern, north-western and western range countries, one in eastern and one in southern range countries. Based on these results,

437-533: The music group RY X was filmed in the park in 2022. Oncilla Oncifelis tigrinus , Felis tigrina The oncilla ( Leopardus tigrinus ), also known as the northern tiger cat , little spotted cat , and tigrillo , is a small spotted cat ranging from Central America to central Brazil . It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List , and the population is threatened by deforestation and conversion of habitat to agricultural land. In 2013, it

460-454: The park has an average annual temperature of between 26 °C (79 °F) and 28.5 °C (83.3 °F) and an annual temperature variation of about 1.1 °C (2 °F). The lagoons in the park are often interconnected with one another, as well as with the rivers that run through the area. They are home to a number of fish and insect species, including the wolf fish , which burrows down into wet layers of mud and remains dormant during

483-410: The smallest wild cats in South America, reaching a body length of 38 to 59 cm (15 to 23 in) with a 20 to 42 cm (7.9 to 16.5 in) long tail. While this is somewhat longer than the average domestic cat , the oncilla is generally lighter, weighing 1.5 to 3 kg (3.3 to 6.6 lb). The fur is thick and soft, ranging from light brown to dark ochre, with numerous dark rosettes across

SECTION 20

#1732858124872

506-421: Was proposed to assign the oncilla populations in southern Brazil, Paraguay , and Argentina to a new species: the southern tiger cat ( L. guttulus ), after it was found that it does not interbreed with the oncilla population in northeastern Brazil. The oncilla resembles the margay ( L. wiedii ) and the ocelot ( L. pardalis ), but it is smaller, with a slender build and narrower muzzle. Oncillas are one of

529-802: Was recorded in Darién , and in Volcán Barú National Parks. In Colombia , it was recorded in the Cordillera Occidental at elevations of 1,900 to 4,800 m (6,200 to 15,700 ft) in Los Nevados National Natural Park , and in Antioquia Department . The oncilla is a primarily terrestrial animal, but also an adept climber. It is an obligate carnivore and hunts rodents , lizards, birds, eggs, invertebrates, and occasionally also tree frogs . It stalks its prey from

#871128