51-477: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Race and politics The National Front , officially Barisan Nasional ( BN ), is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1974 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party . It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats. The coalition consists of
102-607: A RM 5,000 deposit for cleaning up banners and posters after the election. Political donations are legal in Malaysia . There is no limit, and parties are not obliged to disclose the source of the funding, which makes political donations a vague subject but still entirely legal in the country. All political donations are allowed to be given into accounts of individuals and accounts of the political party. Anonymous donors and foreigners may request to not to reveal their identities. Political parties are funded by contributions from: This
153-464: A functional political party in 2005 after some disagreement on the ideology and direction of the newly merged party, PKR. KIMMA was accepted to become the associate member of UMNO with the obserser status on 27 August 2010. The Punjabi Party of Malaysia was established in 1986 but only registered with the Elections Commission in 2003. Originally registered as
204-1024: A landslide victory in the 2022 Johor state election , allowing it to form the much more stable Johor state government with a two-thirds majority in the Johor State Legislative Assembly , which is 40 out of 56 seats while defeating Pakatan Harapan with 12 seats, Perikatan Nasional with 3 seats and Malaysian United Democratic Alliance with 1 seat. In the 2022 election , BN faced the worst result in its history, winning 30 out of 222 seats, compared to 82 and 74 seats for Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional respectively. Several key figures including Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah , Mahdzir Khalid , Azeez Rahim , Tengku Zafrul Aziz , and Khairy Jamaluddin , lost to either PN or PH candidates in their own constituencies. BN also lost several state elections held in Pahang and Perak and won no seats in Perlis . Ahmad Zahid Hamidi ,
255-524: A new state-based pact GPS ), myPPP (under Kayveas faction) and Gerakan . myPPP experienced a leadership dispute, with Maglin announcing that the party remained within the coalition and Kayveas announcing that the party had left the coalition, resulting in the dissolution of the party on 14 January 2019. Among the remaining four component parties in Barisan National, UMNO's parliamentary seats have reduced from 54 to 38 since 16 members of parliament left
306-512: A two-thirds supermajority in Parliament since 1969. Five state governments, namely Selangor , Kelantan , Penang , Perak and Kedah fell to Pakatan Rakyat . Perak however was later returned via a court ruling following a constitutional crisis . Since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the peninsula. The losses continued in the 2013 general election , and it recorded its worst election result at
357-530: Is a list of political parties in Malaysia , including existing and historical ones. Under the current legislation, all political parties (termed "Political Associations") must be registered under the Societies Act. In Malaysian politics, a frog (Malay: katak politik) (Sabahan: Buhangkut politik) refers to an act where a politician crosses the bench from one party to another (changing support) . This term
408-439: Is a result of a merger between Parti Bumiputera Sarawak ( Sarawak Bumiputera Party ), itself a merger established in 1968 between Parti Negara Sarawak ( Sarawak National Party or PANAS established in 1960) and Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak ( Sarawak Native People's Front or BARJASA established in 1961), and Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak ( Sarawak Native's Heritage Party or PESAKA established in 1961) Originally registered as
459-650: Is mostly indirect through one of the constituent parties while direct membership is allowed. The BN defines itself as a " confederation of political parties which subscribe to the objects of the Barisan Nasional". Although in elections, all candidates stand under the BN symbol, and there is a BN manifesto, each individual constituent party also issues its own manifesto, and there is intra-coalition competition for seats prior to nomination day. *denotes defunct parties Barisan Nasional Supreme Council: Barisan Nasional has 30 MPs in
510-436: Is not compulsory and many sources of revenue remain obscure. The deposit was RM 10,000 to contest a parliamentary seat, or RM 5,000 to contest a state assembly seat. The deposit is used to pay for infringements of election laws and is returned after polling day unless the candidate loses and fails to garner more than 12.5 per cent or one-eighth of the votes cast. Additionally it is required that each candidate provide
561-527: Is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). Originally registered as Parti Demokratik Sabah ( Sabah Democratic Party ) in 1994, the party was renamed as United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation in 1999 and renamed further to its current name in 2019. Originally registered as Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia ( Muslim Community Union of Malaysia ) in 1991,
SECTION 10
#1732848477962612-677: Is the list of coalitions and parties that have representation in the Parliament of Malaysia ( Dewan Rakyat & Dewan Negara ) and/or the state legislative assemblies , sorted by seats held in the Dewan Rakyat , the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia . Unless noted, numbers exclude independents and loose allies linked to each party Social democracy National conservatism Conservatism Conservatism Nationalism The coalition contested seats in West Malaysia using
663-533: Is to unite the Malay Muslim communities for electoral purposes. There was however no formal agreement with the other parties of Barisan Nasional, although there were calls for Barisan Nasional to migrate to Muafakat Nasional. Barisan Nasional continued to function as a coalition of four parties comprising UMNO, MCA, MIC and PBRS but aligned themselves with Perikatan Nasional to form a new government in March 2020 after
714-516: The 1978 general election convincingly, and it continued to dominate Malaysian politics in the 1980s and 1990s despite some losses in state elections, such as the loss of Kelantan to PAS, and Sabah to United Sabah Party which later joined Barisan Nasional. By 2003, Barisan Nasional had grown to a coalition formed of more than a dozen communal parties. It performed particularly well in the 2004 general election , winning 198 out of 219 seats. Although Barisan Nasional never achieved more than 67% of
765-832: The Alliance Party ; with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (PGRM) and the People's Progressive Party (PPP) joining the parties from the old Alliance. Once Parliament had been dissolved on 31 July 1974, the Election Commission fixed 8 August 1974, as Nomination Day and 24 August 1974, as Polling Day. Candidates were returned unopposed in 47 constituencies. The 1,060,871 electors from these constituencies therefore did not cast ballots. Another 88 Front members were later successful, thus enabling their alliance to gain an overwhelming majority in
816-604: The GE14 . The supposed plan to dissolve TERAS in 2016 was abandoned and never materialised. Political parties registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS) but not with the Election Commission (EC). They are therefore unable or able to contest in elections using their own symbols. These organisations have never been or are no longer registered as political bodies, and can thus no longer contest elections. Parties that were registered in British Malaya but operated solely in
867-635: The Gagasan Sejahtera . Barisan Nasional was only in power in three states; namely Perlis , Pahang and Sarawak . Many of BN's component parties left the coalition following its humiliating defeat at the 2018 general election, reducing its number to 4 compared to 13 before the election. These parties either aligned themselves with the new Pakatan Harapan federal government, formed a new state-based pact or remained independent. They include three Sabah-based parties ( UPKO , PBS and LDP ), four Sarawak-based parties ( PBB , SUPP , PRS and PDP , which formed
918-549: The House of Representatives , with 26 MPs (or 92.5%) of them from UMNO. Constituency Constituency Barisan Nasional also forms the state governments of Negeri Sembilan , Penang and Selangor in coalition with Pakatan Harapan , following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022. List of political parties in Malaysia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Race and politics This
969-583: The Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian Indian Congress have played major roles in Barisan Nasional, but their representation in Parliament and state legislatures has become much more diminished. Nevertheless, each component party purports to represent – and limit membership – to a certain race: UMNO for the Malays, MCA for the Chinese and so on. In the view of some scholars: Since its inception
1020-574: The Parti Demokratik Setiahati Kuasa Rakyat Bersatu Sabah , it was later renamed on 23 March 2011 when it extended its wings to Peninsular Malaysia. Formed by former members of the original United Sabah National Organisation which was dissolved in 1991. The party applied to change its name to Minority Rights Action Party and announced its support for the Pakatan Harapan coalition prior to
1071-529: The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), and United Sabah People's Party (PBRS). The Barisan Nasional coalition employs the same inter-communal governing model of its predecessor the Alliance Party but on a wider scale, with up to 14 communal political parties involved in the coalition at one point. It dominated Malaysian politics for over thirty years after it
SECTION 20
#17328484779621122-551: The state legislative assemblies , sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). Parties that are part of a coalition that is represented are not listed here even if the party itself is not represented. This list does not include parties that are active but have yet to be registered with the ROS or EC such as the Green Party of Malaysia . Political parties registered with
1173-521: The 2013 general election, the maximum amount that Barisan Nasional was allowed to spend was only about RM 95 million. Due to the lack of records and regulations, Malaysian politicians may not even know how much they spent on their campaigns or overspending the expenditure than permitted by law. Another related problem was the secrecy surrounding political funds and their use. Although many politicians, including members of newly appointed cabinets, voluntarily disclosed their personal finances, such disclosure
1224-540: The Alliance remained a coalition of communal parties. Each of the component parties operated to all intents and purposes, save that of elections, as a separate party. Their membership was communal, except perhaps Gerakan, and their success was measured in terms of their ability to achieve the essentially parochial demands of their constituents. Although both the Alliance and BN registered themselves as political parties, membership
1275-754: The Alliance won a majority of seats, it gained less than half the popular vote, and the resulting tension between different communities led to the May 13 riots and the declaration of a state of emergency. After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations to form a new alliance began with parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party , both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) in 1973. The Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from Sabah and Sarawak (Sabah Alliance Party, Sarawak United Peoples' Party , Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu ),
1326-456: The Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 360 state constituencies (except Sabah ) on the same day. The elections were the first and only general elections for Tun Abdul Razak as Prime Minister following his appointment to the position in 1970. They were also the first general elections for Barisan Nasional (BN), a new political alliance replacing
1377-608: The House. This result was a victory for Barisan Nasional which won 135 of the 154 seats. 10 additional Parliament seats was created in the Peninsular Malaysia in 1974. After the election, Sarawak National Party (SNAP) became the largest opposition party in the Malaysian parliament and James Wong was appointed the opposition leader. After 2 months, he was detained under Internal Security Act . Datuk Seri Edmund Langgau Anak Saga from
1428-476: The Malayan Chinese Association, the name was changed to the current name after the formation of Malaysia in 1963 The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). The party
1479-429: The Registrar of Societies (ROS) and with the Election Commission (EC). PRM was originally registered as Partai Ra'ayat. It was renamed Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia (Malaysian People's Socialist Party) in 1970 and then renamed again to its current name in 1989. In 2003 the party officially merged with Parti Keadilan Nasional to form Parti Keadilan Rakyat . Some members of the original PRM re-organised PRM as
1530-522: The Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party, the name was changed to its current form to facilitate the expansion of the party beyond the state of Sarawak The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). This is the list of active coalitions and parties that do not have representation in the Parliament of Malaysia ( Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara ) and
1581-416: The aftermath of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis , together with four other parties, the Barisan Nasional coalition returned to power under a Perikatan Nasional -led government. However, it suffered its worst result in the 2022 election , falling to third behind Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, but it stayed in government by supporting Pakatan Harapan . Barisan Nasional is the direct successor to
Barisan Nasional - Misplaced Pages Continue
1632-638: The collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government. Barisan Nasional form a new government on 15 August 2021 with Perikatan Nasional after the collapse of the Perikatan Nasional government. Barisan Nasional also recovered control of the Johor, Malacca and Perak state governments. On 20 November 2021, Barisan Nasional won a two-thirds majority of 21 out of 28 seats in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly . On 12 March 2022, Barisan gained
1683-565: The country, taken together with its predecessor (Alliance), and this paved the way for the first change of government in Malaysian history. The coalition won only 34% of the popular vote amid vote split of Islamic Party . In addition to their failure in regaining the Penang, Selangor and Kelantan state governments, six state governments, namely Johor , Malacca , Negeri Sembilan , Perak , Kedah and Sabah fell to Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN (Sabah). The Terengganu state government also fell but to
1734-484: The general election. MCA and MIC made a statement in March 2019 that they want to "move on" and find a new alliance following disputes with the secretary-general, Nazri Abdul Aziz . Mohamad Hasan, the acting BN chairman, chaired a Supreme Council meeting in which all parties showed no consensus on dissolving the coalition. In January 2019, all Sabah UMNO branches including Sabah BN branches were dissolved and officially closed, leaving only one BN branch open. This brings
1785-573: The last election. Four parties that made up Barisan Nasional Sarawak announced their withdrawal from the coalition and formed the new coalition of 12 June 2018. Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Party (GRS) is an official political coalition party founded in September 2020 by Datuk Sri Panglima Hajiji Noor and successfully registered, confirmed on March 11, 2022 by Registry of Societies (RoS) The party contested in an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan . The list
1836-508: The maximum expenses allowed for candidates vying for parliamentary seats and for state seats during the campaign period (excluding before the nomination day and after election day). The permissible campaign expenditure set by the Election Offences Act (1954) is RM 100,000 per candidate for state seats and RM 200,000 per candidate for federal seats. According to this guideline, with 505 state seats and 222 parliamentary seats in
1887-448: The parliament to PH for the first time in Malaysian history after the 2018 general election . It was also the first time Barisan Nasional became the opposition coalition, with former prime minister and Barisan Nasional chairman Mahathir Mohamad becoming PH's leader. As a result, the Sabah and Sarawak BN component parties left the coalition and formed their own coalitions in 2018 and 2022. In
1938-558: The party president, was re-elected with a slim majority of 348, high decrease from 2018 Malaysian general election which he won with majority of 5073 votes. The election produced a hung parliament , but BN decided to support the biggest coalition Pakatan Harapan and was rewarded with cabinet posts in the government. In 2013, the vast majority of Barisan Nasional's seats were held by its two largest Bumiputera -based political parties—the United Malays National Organisation , and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu . For most of its history, both
1989-474: The party was reorganised with new leadership in 1999 and renamed Parti Keadilan Nasional ( National Justice Party ). In 2003, the party merged with Parti Rakyat Malaysia ( Malaysian People's Party ) and was again renamed to its current name. In 2005, a small left-wing group left the party to reorganise Parti Rakyat Malaysia just prior to its de-registration. Originally registered as Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia ( Malaysian Worker's Party ) in 1978,
2040-403: The party was reorganised with new leadership in 2015 and renamed to its current name. The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). The list is sorted by the year in which the respective parties were legalised and registered with the Registrar of Societies (ROS). Originally registered in 1946, UMNO
2091-551: The party, while MCA's parliamentary seat maintains one. MIC's parliamentary seats have reduced from two to one after the Election Court nullified the results of the election for the Cameron Highlands federal constituency due to bribery, but BN regained its seat from a direct member under the 2019 by-election . As a result of these developments, BN's parliamentary seats have reduced to 41, compared with 79 seats that BN won in
Barisan Nasional - Misplaced Pages Continue
2142-448: The popular vote in elections from 1974 to 2008, it maintained the consecutive two-thirds majority of seats in this period in the Dewan Rakyat until the 2008 election, benefitting from Malaysia's first-past-the-post voting system . In the 2008 general election , Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the parliamentary seats to Pakatan Rakyat , a loose alliance of opposition parties. This marked Barisan's first failure to secure
2193-586: The symbol of the People's Justice Party while seats in East Malaysia were contested using the symbols of the individual coalition parties. Excludes the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, which was part of the coalition in the 2018 election but subsequently left and later joined Perikatan Nasional in 2020. New alliance of parties formed in 2020. Share shown are the total seats and vote share of BERSATU, PAS and GERAKAN in
2244-810: The territory of Singapore are also excluded from this list. Parties that have been renamed but still exist today as registered political parties are also excluded from this list. A number of these may still exist as organisations in some form, but none are recognised as political parties. 2011 Sarawak state election . Various internal power struggles culminated in the de-registration of the party in 2013. Malaysian general election, 1974 Abdul Razak Hussein BN Abdul Razak Hussein BN General elections were held in Malaysia between Saturday, 24 August and Saturday, 14 September 1974. Voting took place in all 154 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to
2295-453: The three-party Alliance coalition formed by United Malays National Organisation , Malaysian Chinese Association , and Malaysian Indian Congress . It was founded in the aftermath of the 1969 general election and the 13 May riots . The Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties, Democratic Action Party and Gerakan , as well as Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party . Although
2346-474: The time. BN regained Kedah but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. Despite winning only 47% of the popular vote, it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats, thereby retaining control of the parliament. And finally, during the 2018 general election , Barisan Nasional lost control of the parliament to Pakatan Harapan , winning a total of only 79 parliamentary seats. The crushing defeat ended their 61-year rule of
2397-489: The total BN seats in Sabah to only 2 seats. Since 2019, Barisan Nasional recovered some ground and won a number of by-elections, such as the 2019 Cameron Highlands by-election , 2019 Semenyih by-election , 2019 Rantau by-election , and 2019 Tanjung Piai by-election , defeating Pakatan Harapan. In September 2019, UMNO decided to form a pact with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) called Muafakat Nasional . Its main purpose
2448-535: Was deregistered in 1988 and the then Prime Minister registered a new party, UMNO Baru the same year. UMNO Baru is considered a successor party to the original UMNO. The suffix Baru or New was dropped from the name in July the same year Originally registered as the Malayan Indian Congress, the name was changed to the current name after the formation of Malaysia in 1963 Originally registered as
2499-483: Was first coined in during the 1994 Sabah state elections after United Sabah Party losing its majority even the party won the state elections. Despite its usage nationwide, it is more familiar within the state of Sabah . Since May 25, 2023, nine states of Malaysia has approved the "Anti-Switching Parties Law" or "Anti-Hopping Parties Law" for both states legislative assembly and parliament including Sabah and Sarawak . The Election Offences Act (1954) regulates
2550-543: Was formally registered in June 1974 as a coalition of nine parties. It contested the 1974 general election as a grand coalition under the leadership of the prime minister Tun Abdul Razak , which it won with considerable success. In 1977, PAS was expelled from Barisan Nasional following a revolt by PAS within the Kelantan state legislature against the chief minister appointed by the federal government. Barisan Nasional nevertheless won
2601-479: Was founded; however, since 2008, the party has faced stronger challenges from opposition parties, notably the Pakatan Rakyat and later the Pakatan Harapan (PH) alliances. Taken together with its predecessor Alliance, it had a combined period of rule of almost 61 years from 1957 to 2018, and was considered the longest ruling coalition party in the democratic world . The Barisan Nasional coalition lost its hold of
SECTION 50
#1732848477962#961038