42-407: Bangong may refer to: Bangong Lake , or Pangong Tso, lake at the border of China and India Bangong suture , suture in the central Tibet conjugate fault zone Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bangong . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
84-576: A Nubra chieftain, which dislodged the Tibetans from their trenches and led to a Dogra victory. Afterwards a ' Treaty of Chushul ' was agreed by the two sides, restoring the status quo ante bellum . The Ladakhi ruler was granted privileges appropriate to his rank. Trade and diplomatic missions were restored to their traditional mode. During the Dogra rule , Tankse was the headquarters of a subdistrict (a kardari , often called an ilaqa ), which controlled access to
126-641: Is a popular location for bird-watching for tourists in Ngari . Tangtse Tangtse or Drangtse ( Tibetan : བྲང་རྩེ , Wylie : brang rtse , THL : drang tsé ) is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh , India . It is located in the Durbuk tehsil . Traditionally, it was regarded as the border between the Nubra region to the north and the Pangong region to the south. It
168-516: Is an endorheic lake spanning eastern Ladakh and West Tibet situated at an elevation of 4,225 m (13,862 ft). It is 134 km (83 mi) long and divided into five sublakes, called Pangong Tso , Tso Nyak , Rum Tso (twin lakes) and Nyak Tso . Approximately 50% of the length of the overall lake lies within Tibet administered by China, 40% in Indian-administered Ladakh, and
210-563: Is in the valley between Tangtse and Durbuk. It is reported that Lhasa dispatched additional 5,000 troops to join them here. The Tibetan accounts say that they established a defence post at "Lung-wu" (Long Yogma), which was described as a place between "Rudok and the Pangong Lake". The Ladakhi rebels had declared their minor king Jigmet Senge Namgyal as an independent ruler. He wrote to the Sikh emperor Sher Singh stating that he had submitted to
252-699: Is still often referred to as Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo ( Tibetan : མཚོ་མོ་ངང་ལྷ་རིང་པོ ) in Tibetan. There are different interpretations of the meanings of both Pangong Tso and Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo . The Ladakh government website says "Pangong Tso" is Tibetan, meaning "high grassland lake", however travel books say Pangong means "hollow". Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo is Tibetan that is interpreted to mean various different but similar meanings -- "long, narrow, enchanted lake" by Chinese media sources, "female narrow very long lake" by early European explorers, and "long-necked swan lake" by other modern sources. Pangong Tso
294-472: Is surrounded by three mountain ranges: Changchenmo Range and Pangong Range sub-ranges of Karakoram Range , and Kailash Range (Gangdise Shan range). Changchenmo Range runs along the eastern and northern bank of the Pangong Tso, and contains spurs Finger-1 to Finger-8. Pangong Range , along the southern bank of the Pangong Tso, runs from Tangtse in west to Chushul near the centre of southern bank of
336-416: The 1st millennium AD . The mission found "about 300 petroglyphs " and "almost 70 rock inscriptions in various scripts". Some authors classify some of the signs here as tamgas . Volutes can be seen on some of the inscriptions of animals. Compositions from Ruthok and Tangtse are noted to be similar. According to the 2011 census of India , Tangtse has 126 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e.
378-610: The Chang Chenmo Valley . Phobrang, Chushul , and Durbuk were under its control. The Chang Chenmo route to Central Asia passed through Tankse, which the British attempted to promote as the main trade route between Leh and Yarkand in the late 19th century. Tankse was described as a large village with 50 houses. It had a rest house and a government supply depot. Travellers were advised to procure their supplies here, to sustain themselves till reaching Sanju, about 350 miles away. With
420-1216: The Chinese Military has a permanent base to the east of Finger-8. Pangong Range has several important features, from northwest to southeast: Harong peak, Merag peak , Kangju Kangri peak, and Kongta La pass. Kailash Range on the southern bank of Pangong begins from Lukung , runs eastward via Thakung Heights, Helmet Top , Phursook Bay , till India-claimed-LAC at Bangong Co . Other important features in this range are Helmet Top , Black Top , Gurung Hill , Spanggur Gap , Spanggur Tso , Rezang La , Rechin La , Rezang La II , etc. China-Claimed-LAC runs via Finger-4 in Changchenmo Range on north bank of Pangong Tso to Phursook Bay on south bank, then via Helmet Top, Gurung Hill, Spanggur Gap, Magar Hill, Mukhpari, Rezang La (1962 battle), Rezang Top, Rechin La, Rezang La II, Mount Sajum . India-Claimed-LAC runs further northeast of China-Claimed-LAC via Finger-8 in Changchenmo Range on north bank of Pangong Tso to Bangong Co on south bank, then via Black Top and Gurung Hill, and then along same
462-626: The Tangtse fault and the Pangong fault . The two faults sandwich the Pangong Range , at the northern periphery of which lies the village of Tangtse. The Tangtse fault is home to the Lung or Long valley, divided into three sections: Long Kongma , Long Parma and Long Yogma (the upper, middle and lower sections). In modern maps, the entire valley is labelled as Loi Yogma without any division into sections. The Tangtse River (or Lung Chu ) flows through
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#1732854784998504-770: The fingers . From west to east, these are named as the Finger-1 to Finger-8 . The Indian claim of LAC runs east till the Finger-8, and the Chinese claim of the LAC runs west till the Finger-4. The overlapping LAC claim area between Finger-4 and Finger-8 is considered a buffer zone by India and China. Indian Military has a permanent base near the Finger-3, named as the Dhan Singh Thapa Post , and
546-788: The Chang Chenmo Valley and Aksai Chin, which the British tried to promote for a few decades. Tangtse is one of the 26 constituencies of the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council of the Leh district. Following the 2020 election , the Councillor for Tangste is Tashi Namgyal Yakzee, who is also in the Executive Council. Tangtse is located at the intersection of two major strands of the Karakoram fault system , called
588-561: The Chinese emperor and offered truce terms to the Sikhs. No response was received. After the arrival of reinforcements led by Dewan Hari Chand and Wazir Ratanu, the Dogras challenged the Tibetan encampments at Tangtse and the Long Yogma valley. Skirmishes continued for several days with a loss of 300 men for the Dogras. Eventually, the Dogras employed a decisive flooding tactic, following a suggestion from
630-507: The Indian side of the lake, except for some small crustaceans . On the other hand, visitors see numerous ducks and gulls over and on the lake surface. There are some species of scrub and perennial herbs that grow in the marshes around the lake. The lake acts as an important breeding ground for a variety of birds including a number of migratory birds. During summer, the bar-headed geese and Brahmini ducks are commonly seen here. The region around
672-689: The Khurnak Fort by 1958. On 20 October 1962, Pangong Tso saw military action during the Sino-Indian War , successful for the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). The area remains a sensitive border point along the LAC. Incursions from the Chinese side are common. In August 2017, Indian and Chinese forces near Pangong Tso engaged in a melee involving kicking, punching, rock throwing, and use of makeshift weapons such as sticks and rods. On 11 September 2019, PLA troops confronted Indian troops on
714-499: The LAC and overlook Chinese camps. India chose to pull back from these positions as leverage for larger disengagement. Both the Chinese and Indian militaries have vessels stationed on the lake. Since 2022, China built a bridge across the lake near the Khurnak Fort. The construction of the 400-meter bridge was completed in July 2024. Following roads provide the access within the Indian held area: Following roads provide
756-563: The Pangong Tso. According to the Britannica , the Changchenmo Range and Pangong Range are sometimes considered easternmost part of the Karakoram Range . Kailash Range , runs along southern bank of the Pangong Tso, from centre of Pangong Tso at Lukung to the west to Phursook Bay and Mount Kailash . Changchenmo Range has several glaciated spurs which slope down and jut into the northern bank of Pangong Tso, and these spurs are called as
798-621: The Tangtse village lying at the northwestern end of the Pangong Lake. From Tangtse, one is able to travel to Rudok and Gartok in Tibet via a number of routes, while Tangtse is also close to the Central Asian caravan route via Durbuk and the Karakoram Pass . According to Moravian Tibetologist F. A. Peter, there is evidence of the route having been used for centuries between Turkestan and Tibet. Historian Janet Rizvi has also acknowledged that
840-513: The Tibetans is believed to have been via Rudok , Chushul and the Lung Chu valley. The Ladakhis joined the battle at Lung-Khung (Long Kongma) and repulsed the attack. The following year, Tibet sent formidable reinforcements (estimated at 5,000 troops along with several seasoned commanders) and the Tibetans returned. A battle was fought at the "foot of the Chang La pass", which would again indicate
882-607: The access within the China held area: On the Indian side, an Inner Line Permit is required to visit the lake, as it lies on the Sino-Indian Line of Actual Control . For security reasons, India does not permit boating. Groups are permitted, accompanied by an accredited guide. The past few years have seen a remarkable increase in Indian tourists flocking to Pangong Lake. However, this surge has presented environmental challenges due to inadequate infrastructure to accommodate and manage
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#1732854784998924-462: The alignment as the China-Claimed-LAC via Spanggur Gap, Rezang La, etc. India-Claimed-border runs further northeast of India-Claimed-LAC via Khurnak Fort on north bank of Pangong Tso to Mumkun peak on south bank, to Laban peak , Matung Nyungtsa , Spanggur Tso, Dage peak, Rechihlong and Bapi peak . Pangong Tso is disputed territory. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) passes through
966-595: The control of Ladakh, slipped out of Ladakhi hands. In 1684, they agreed to respect the new borders in a Treaty of Tingmosgang . After the defeat of the Zorawar Singh 's forces in West Tibet, the Tibetans were incited by Ladakhi rebels, who wanted to overthrow the Dogras ensconced in Ladakh. Apparently to lend support to them, the Tibetan forces marched to Ladakh and camped at "Dumra". The most likely location of this encampment
1008-586: The erstwhile effluent of the lake now houses the Mughlib stream, which joins the Tangtse River near the village of Tangtse. Even though the Ladakhis had no knowledge of the erstwhile "Pangong River" (it having predated the birth of humanity), they preserve a myth that the waters flowing into the Mughlib stream, from a "scanty spring at Wangtong", represent the filtered waters of the Pangong Lake. The Ladakhis thus regard
1050-588: The eruption of the Sino-Indian border dispute in the late 1950s, the Indian government had ample documents from the time of Dogra administration to demonstrate that the Chang Chenmo Valley and the Aksai Chin plateau belonged to Ladakh. The Kashmir state records classified these regions as part of the Tankse ilaqa and revenue records were available with regular assessments and settlements of revenue. The revenue maps showed
1092-494: The growing number of visitors. In 2023, on the Indian side the tourists are allowed to visit only the eastern and southern bank, access to the north bank is not yet open for the tourists. The eastern part of the lake is fresh, with the content of total dissolved solids at 0.68 g/L, while the western part of the lake is saline, with the salinity at 11.02 g/L. The brackish water of the lake has very low micro-vegetation. Guides report that there are no fish or other aquatic life on
1134-486: The help of Indian geologist Ritesh Arya . Tangtse, in the Ladakh Range , lies on Leh- Karu - Sakti - Zingral -Tangtse-Pangong Lake motorable road. Karu, which lies on Leh- Manali NH-3 , connects Tangtse to Leh and the rest of India. Between Zingral and Tangtse there are two motorable asphalt roads. The shorter router is through Zingral- Ke La pass- Taruk (Tharuk)-Tangtse alignment. The Kela Pass on this route, one of
1176-655: The lake from the Indian side, forming marshes and wetlands at the edges. Strand lines above current lake level reveal a 5 m (16 ft) thick layer of mud and laminated sand, suggesting the lake has shrunken recently on the geological scale. On the Indian side, no fish have been observed, however in the stream coming from the south-eastern side (Cheshul nalla), three fish species ( Schizopygopsis stoliczkae , Tibetan stone loach and Triplophysa gracilis ) have been reported (Bhat et al., 2011). The low biodiversity has been reported as being due to high salinity and harsh environmental conditions (Bhat et al., 2011). Bird Islet
1218-399: The lake is viewed as being made up five sublakes, which are connected through narrow water channels. The name Pangong Tso only applied to the westernmost lake that is mostly in Ladakh. The main lake on the Tibetan side is called Tso Nyak (the "middle lake"). It is followed by two small lakes called Rum Tso . The last lake near Rutog is called Nyak Tso again. The whole lake group was and
1260-521: The lake supports a number of species of wildlife including the kiang and the marmot . The lake hosts large quantities of fish, especially Schizopygopsis stoliczkai and Racoma labiata . Freshwater snails of the genus Radix also live in the lake. Formerly, Pangong Tso had an outlet to the Shyok River , a tributary of the Indus River , but it was closed off by natural damming. Two streams feed
1302-450: The lake. A section of the lake approximately 20 km east from the LAC is controlled by China but claimed by India. To the south is the smaller Spanggur Tso lake. The eastern end of the lake is in Tibet . After the mid-19th century, Pangong Tso was at the southern end of Johnson Line , an early attempt at demarcation between India and China in the Aksai Chin region. Khurnak Fort lies on
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1344-409: The large stretches of uninhabited territories, which are now occupied by China, as part of the Tankse ilaqa . Tangtse is a well-known and important site of Tocharian , Sogdian , Śārāda and Arabic inscriptions. A Franco-Indian Archaeological Mission in Ladakh called the rock art at Tangste as "the most important" site for rock art in Ladakh, providing information about Ladakh towards the end of
1386-542: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangong&oldid=795895572 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bangong Lake Pangong Tso or Pangong Lake ( Tibetan : སྤང་གོང་མཚོ ; Chinese : 班公错 ; pinyin : Bān gōng cuò ; Hindi : पैंगोंग झील , romanized : Paiṅgoṅg jhīl )
1428-441: The literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 69.93%. A solar power plant in Tangtse provides electricity for five hours every day to about 350 households. Previously, a government diesel generator provided electricity. The area has cellular network connectivity. The Indian Army also has renewable energy infrastructure here including a wind farm. Ground water resources have also been developed here with
1470-490: The northern bank of the lake, about halfway up Pangong Tso. The dispute over the fort was discussed in a 1924 conference, which remained inconclusive. After the conference, the British government decided that Tibetans had a better case and not only Khurnak Fort but also Dokpo Karpo and Nyagzu were part of Tibet. In 1929, following the protests of Kashmir Durbar, they decided to drop the British claims made in behalf of Kashmir state. The Chinese established their military presence in
1512-402: The northern bank. On 5–6 May 2020, a face-off between about 250 Indian and Chinese troops near the lake resulted in casualties on both sides. On 29–30 August 2020, Indian troops occupied many heights on the south bank of Pangong Tso. The heights included Rezang La , Reqin La, Black Top, Hanan, Helmet, Gurung Hill , Gorkha Hill and Magar Hill. Some of these heights are in the grey zone of
1554-445: The remaining 10% is disputed and is a de facto buffer zone between India and China. The lake is 5 km (3.1 mi) wide at its broadest point. All together it covers almost 700 km . During winter the lake freezes completely, despite being saline water . It has a land-locked basin separated from the Indus River basin by a small elevated ridge, but is believed to have been part of the latter in prehistoric times. Historically,
1596-759: The trade route between Turkestan and Tibet passed through Ladakh. Tangtse lies at the border between the Nubra region (traditionally called Dumra ) and the Pangong region. It played a key role in the two wars between the Ladakhis and Tibetans, the Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War (1679–1684) and the Dogra–Tibetan War (1841–1842). In 1679, the Tibetan forces under the command of Galdan Chhewang fought an advance guard of Ladakhi forces in Guge (West Tibet). After defeating them, they invaded Ladakh itself. The route taken by
1638-526: The valley between Durbuk and Tangtse. Cunnigham gives the location of the final battle as Balaskya and Petech as dPal-rgyas . The Ladakhis were roundly defeated and withdrew to the fort of Basgo in northern Ladakh. After a three-year siege, they requested assistance from the Mughal forces in Kashmir, who fought off the Tibetans and chased them to the Pangong area. Rudok and Guge, which were previously under
1680-512: The valley, draining the western slopes of the Pangong Range as well as the eastern slopes of the Ladakh Range. It flows past Tangtse to join the Shyok River near Durbuk . The Pangong fault was once home to a "Pangong River" which flowed through its valley during the pleistocene . But the river has been dammed by tectonic activity and has turned into the present Pangong Lake . The valley of
1722-521: The world's highest motorable road and pass at the height of 5,669.28 m or 18,600.0 ft, provides tourists access to the Lalok region of Ladakh. Other alternate route is through Zingral- Chang La - Durbuk -Tangtse alignment, on which the Chang La pass lies at the height of 5,391.3024 m or 17,688.000 ft. Parma Valley Advanced Landing Ground or Parma ALG is a proposed aerodrome located in
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1764-580: Was a key halting place on the trade route between Turkestan and Tibet . It was also a site of wars between Ladakh and Tibet. During the Jammu and Kashmir princely rule , Tangtse was the headquarters of an ilaqa (subdistrict), whose territory included the Pangong Lake area, the Chang Chenmo Valley and the Aksai Chin plateau. Tangtse was also a key halting place on the Chang Chenmo route to Turkestan, via
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