68-606: Baldwin City is a city in Douglas County , Kansas , United States, about 12 miles (19 km) south of Lawrence . As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 4,826. The city is home to Baker University , the state's oldest four-year university. Baldwin City began as a trail stop on the Santa Fe Trail named Palmyra . The small community consisted of a harness shop, blacksmith, hotel, lawyer, drug store, two doctors and
136-657: A Thomas the Tank Engine attraction the last few years. Every year since 1957, Baldwin City has hosted the Maple Leaf Festival during the third full weekend in October. It began as a way to celebrate a successful harvest and to view the fall foliage. Today, it is the largest fall family event in the area and features a parade, arts and crafts, quilt show, theatrical performances, history tours, train rides and live music. Annually it draws crowds of 30,000 or more. According to
204-813: A writ of certiorari . A number of other courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, have held through the years that the Census and the questions in the Census are authorized by both the Constitution and Congressional statute. In 2002, the General Accounting Office confirmed that the U.S. Census Bureau has authority to conduct the survey and "require responses from the public". All individual American Community Survey responses are kept private and are used (along with other ACS responses) to create estimates of demographic characteristics for various geographies. Because of data swapping techniques to ensure confidentiality, it
272-713: A $ 250,000 fine. Under 13 U.S.C. § 9 , census responses are "immune from legal process" and may not "be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceeding". The Census Bureau aggregates individual ACS responses, also known as microdata , into estimates at many geographic summary levels . Among these summary levels are legal and administrative entities such as states , counties , cities , and congressional districts , as well as statistical entities such as metropolitan statistical areas , tracts , block groups , and census designated places . Estimates for census blocks are not available from ACS. Puerto Rico
340-447: A bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 23.5% of the population. 22.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 20.7% from 18 to 24, 20.0% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 106.8 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that
408-553: A larger area. It has also provided unparalleled information to be more accessible for local government planning and financing. Many conclusions for local data are averaged from various information across the area, but it is not always an adequate representation. ACS estimates are available via a number of online data tools. U.S. Census website (AFF) is the primary tool for disseminating ACS data, allowing users to drill down to specific tables and geographies (starting with 2013 estimates, AFF also includes block group data). A selection of
476-620: A political history more typical of Vermont and Maine than of the Great Plains. This is due to the county's strong New England roots. It voted for the Republican candidate in every presidential election between 1864 and 1960, except in 1912 when the GOP was mortally divided and the county supported Progressive Theodore Roosevelt . Roosevelt would later rejoin the GOP. The county reverted to form and gave Republican presidential nominees over 60 percent of
544-468: A tavern. In 1858, a group of Methodist ministers gathered at Kibbee Cabin and founded Baker University . Palmyra bought land to the south for the university and surrounding city. The first post office was established in June, 1857. A main benefactor of the community was John Baldwin and the town was named in his honor. Baldwin built a saw mill which was at present-day Fifth and Indiana Streets. Baldwin City
612-646: Is Lawrence . As of the 2020 census , the county population was 118,785, making it the fifth-most populous county in Kansas. The county was named after Stephen Douglas , a U.S. Senator from Illinois and advocate for the popular sovereignty choice in the Kansas slavery debate. Douglas County comprises the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Kansas City - Overland Park - Kansas City , MO -KS Combined Statistical Area . For millennia ,
680-510: Is a small country lake to the southwest of Lawrence offers fishing, boating and camping. Just northeast of Baldwin City is Douglas State Fishing Lake which provides hunting, fishing and limited camping. Other parks around the county include Black Jack Park which includes the Ivan Boyd Prairie Preserve and Robert Hall Pearson Memorial Park, Broken Arrow Park in Lawrence and Wells Overlook Park just south of Lawrence. Major events in
748-472: Is impossible to figure out how individual people responded based on data from published ACS estimates. Opponents of the American Community Survey disagree with the court's findings about its constitutionality, contending that the survey asks for more information and at a higher frequency than the simple enumeration authorized and required by Article 1, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution . Despite
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#1732848835606816-603: Is in the Lawrence city limits. List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Douglas County. Douglas County is divided into nine townships . The city of Lawrence is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) of significant size included in that township's population total. The county originally had only four townships. Lecompton comprised
884-563: Is land and 19 square miles (49 km ) (4.0%) is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Kansas by land area. Much of its northern boundary is defined by the Kansas River , which flows through Lawrence and provides hydropower at the Bowersock Dam. Douglas County comprises the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Kansas City - Overland Park - Kansas City , MO -KS Combined Statistical Area . As of
952-823: Is part of the Lawrence Metropolitan Statistical Area . The 2020 United States census counted 4,826 people, 1,651 households, and 1,085 families in Baldwin City. The population density was 1,802.8 per square mile (696.0/km). There were 1,748 housing units at an average density of 653.0 per square mile (252.1/km). The racial makeup was 87.65% (4,230) white or European American (85.81% non-Hispanic white ), 1.99% (96) black or African-American , 0.97% (47) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.73% (35) Asian , 0.12% (6) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 1.64% (79) from other races , and 6.9% (333) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race
1020-653: Is the largest household survey that the Census Bureau administers. The American Community Survey gathers information annually in the 50 U.S. states , the federal national capital city of Washington, D.C. ( District of Columbia ), and (via the Puerto Rico Community Survey ( PRCS ), which is part of the ACS) for the associated Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea . It does not gather information in
1088-608: Is the only US territory that is part of the ACS program. In order to balance geographic resolution, temporal frequency, statistical significance, and respondent privacy, ACS estimates released each year are aggregated from responses received in the previous calendar year or the previous five calendar years. The Census Bureau provides guidance for data users about which data set to use when analyzing different population and geography sizes. From 2007 to 2013, three-year estimates were available for areas with 20,000 people or more. This data product
1156-417: The 2022 Kansas abortion referendum , an anti-abortion ballot measure, by 81% to 19%, outpacing its support of Joe Biden during the 2020 presidential election . The Douglas County Sheriff's office has two divisions, Corrections, which operates a 185-bed jail, and Operations. The Operations Division includes a dive team, a patrol, and a warrants unit. The department works with other local police agencies at
1224-605: The Government Accountability Office 's conclusion that the U.S. Census Bureau has the authority to conduct the survey under 13 U.S.C. § 141 and 13 U.S.C. § 193 , several US representatives have challenged the ACS as unauthorized by the Census Act and a violation of the Right to Financial Privacy Act . U.S. Representative (congressman) Ron Paul of Texas , who opposes ACS, said that
1292-680: The Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans . From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America . In 1762, after the French and Indian War , France secretly ceded New France to Spain , per the Treaty of Fontainebleau . In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso , although
1360-880: The Lecompton Constitution (which would have admitted Kansas into the Union as a slave state), the Wakarusa War (1855), the Sack of Lawrence (1856), Battle of Black Jack (1856), and the Lawrence Massacre (1863). The first railroad in Douglas County, the Kansas Pacific, was built through that territory in 1864. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 475 square miles (1,230 km ), of which 456 square miles (1,180 km )
1428-556: The Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), freely accessible through the Census Bureau website and Integrated Public Use Microdata Series . PUMS data contain responses to every question from a sample of respondents. To protect respondent privacy, PUMS data are anonymized and only available down to areas containing 100,000 people or more known as Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs). The analysis of all ACS microdata without
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#17328488356061496-511: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 2.64 square miles (6.84 km), of which 2.62 square miles (6.79 km) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km) is water. The area's climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally cool to cold winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Baldwin City has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. Baldwin City
1564-592: The United States Census Bureau . It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the decennial census , including ancestry, US citizenship status, educational attainment, income, language proficiency, migration, disability , employment, and housing characteristics. These data are used by many public-sector , private-sector , and not-for-profit stakeholders to allocate funding, track shifting demographics, plan for emergencies, and learn about local communities. Sent to approximately 295,000 addresses monthly, or 3.5 million addresses annually, it
1632-461: The University of Kansas , Lawrence Police Department , Eudora , and Baldwin City. As of 2021 the sheriff is Jay T. Armbrister. Douglas County is served by seven school districts. Clinton Lake , completed in 1980, offers boating, fishing and other water sports and various parks surrounding the lake provides camping and trails for mountain biking, hiking and horseback riding. Lone Star Lake
1700-607: The burning of Lawrence . In 1867, the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad laid tracks and became the first Kansas railroad south of the Kansas River . In 1906, the Santa Fe Depot was built and today the Midland Railway offers over 20-mile round trip excursion rides to Ottawa via "Nowhere" and Norwood . Midland's Scout program is one of the few in the country to offer a railroading merit badge and Midland has hosted
1768-532: The census of 2000, there were 99,962 people, 38,486 households, and 21,167 families residing in the county. The population density was 219 people per square mile (85 people/km ). There were 40,250 housing units at an average density of 88 per square mile (34/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 86.1% White , 4.2% Black or African American , 2.6% Native American , 3.1% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 1.2% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of
1836-566: The founding fathers of the United States "never authorized the federal government to continuously survey the American people". Those who decline to complete the survey may receive visits to their homes from Census Bureau personnel. Because it is a mandatory survey, it is governed by federal laws that could impose a fine of as much as $ 5,000 on those who flagrantly refuse to participate. To date, no person has been prosecuted for refusing to answer
1904-541: The ACS. Kenneth Prewitt , the former director of the U.S. Census Bureau, said in March 2000 that the United States Department of Commerce is "not an enforcement agency" and that the parallel United States Department of Justice in the presidential cabinet would be responsible for prosecuting violations, adding that "we don't recommend that". The Census Bureau prefers to gain cooperation by convincing respondents of
1972-449: The ACS. Each address has about a 1-in-480 chance of being selected in a given month, and no address should be selected more than once every five years. Data is collected by internet, mail, telephone interviews, and in-person interviews. The questionnaire is available in English and Spanish, with assistance provided in additional languages. Approximately one-third of those who do not respond to
2040-432: The Census Bureau could release "period" estimates to produce estimates for smaller areas. After a decade of testing, it launched as the American Community Survey in 2005, replacing the once-a-decade census long form. The American Community Survey initially sampled approximately 3.5 million housing unit addresses and group quarters in the United States. The Census Bureau selects a random sample of addresses to be included in
2108-465: The GOP carried the county in every election between 1968 and 1988. During this time, Jimmy Carter in 1976 and Michael Dukakis in 1988 were the only Democrats to come reasonably close to carrying the county. However, the growing transformation of Lawrence into a liberal academic center has pulled the county into the Democratic column in every election since 1992. This was typical of many counties around
Baldwin City, Kansas - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-465: The administrators and statisticians / mathematicians of the United States Census Bureau ( Bureau of the Census ), first established in 1902 within the United States Department of Commerce , to begin asking a sample of the American population a sub-set of additional detailed questions without unduly increasing cost or respondent burden. In the decades that followed, new questions were added to those that had previously been asked of all respondents, and all
2244-545: The age of 18 and 6.2% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 4,515 people, 1,501 households, and 1,011 families living in the city. The population density was 1,723.3 inhabitants per square mile (665.4/km). There were 1,665 housing units at an average density of 635.5 per square mile (245.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.4% White , 2.1% African American , 0.7% Native American , 0.5% Asian , 0.6% from other races , and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of
2312-437: The area of Lecompton, Kanwaka , and Clinton townships; Washington took the place of Marion and Willow Springs townships; Wakarusa comprised both Wakarusa and Eudora townships; and Calhoun was the original name of Palmyra township. Grant township was annexed from Jefferson County in 1874. American Community Survey The American Community Survey ( ACS ) is an annual demographics survey program conducted by
2380-399: The average family size was 2.97. In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 26.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males. The median income for a household in
2448-404: The average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 21.8% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males. The median income for a household in the city
2516-425: The city. The population density was 1,565.1 inhabitants per square mile (604.3/km). There were 1,165 housing units at an average density of 536.3 per square mile (207.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.62% White , 1.12% African American , 0.74% Native American , 0.62% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 0.38% from other races , and 3.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.62% of
2584-536: The count. At the Congress's request, the U.S. Census Bureau in the United States Department of Commerce , developed and tested a new design to obtain long-form data. noted U.S. statistician / mathematician Leslie Kish (1910-2000), had introduced the concept of a rolling sample (or continuous measurement) design in 1981. This design featured ongoing, monthly data collection aggregated on a yearly basis, enabling annual data releases. By combining multiple years of this data,
2652-448: The country dominated by college towns. In 2004, John Kerry became only the second Democrat to win a majority of the county's vote. Since then, Douglas County has been one of the most Democratic counties in Kansas. In 2016 and 2020, for instance, Donald Trump turned in the worst showings on record for a Republican in the county without the presence of a credible third-party challenger on the ballot. The county overwhelmingly voted "No" on
2720-458: The county include Eileen Horn (10th District), Barbara Ballard (44th District), Mike Amyx (45th District), and Dennis Highberger (46th District); Republican state representatives include Jim Karleskint (42nd District), and Ken Corbet (54th District). The three state senators representing the county, Marci Francisco (2nd District), Tom Holland (3rd District), and Anthony Hensley (19th District), are all Democrats. Douglas County has
2788-496: The county include the Maple Leaf Festival in Baldwin City every third full weekend in October. Lecompton 's Territorial Days take place every year in June and Lawrence has many parades throughout the year including Christmas and St. Patrick's Day . Other major highways include: Douglas County also maintains an extensive network of county highways to serve the rural areas of the county. None of these county highways
Baldwin City, Kansas - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-539: The county was $ 37,547, and the median income for a family was $ 53,991. Males had a median income of $ 35,577 versus $ 27,225 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 19,952. About 6.2% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. In recent years, since the 1990s, the Democratic Party has been dominant in Douglas County. Democrats control all County-wide offices in
2924-466: The county. Douglas County is currently served by county commissioners Patrick Kelly, Shannon Reid, and Karen Willey, all are Democrats. According to the Kansas Secretary of State's office, as of July 2021, there were 35,146 registered Democrats, 22,324 registered Republicans, 900 registered Libertarians, and 21,474 Independents in the county. Democratic state representatives representing portions of
2992-469: The creation of a mid-decade census, holding hearings and even authorizing a special mid-decade census in the American Bicentennial year of 1976, but not funding it. Efforts to obtain data on a more frequent basis began again after the 1990 U.S. Decennial Census , when it became clear that the more burdensome long form was depressing overall census response rates and jeopardizing the accuracy of
3060-677: The distribution of $ 416 billion, 29 percent of all federal assistance. The American Community Survey is authorized by 13 U.S.C. § 141 and 13 U.S.C. § 193. Federal courts have held that the long form is constitutional. In 2000, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas ruled that the 2000 U.S. Decennial Census and its questions did not violate the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution or any other constitutional provisions that were alleged in
3128-415: The end of the 2010–2011 school year. Baldwin City is home to the main campus of Baker University , a liberal arts university founded in 1858 by United Methodist ministers. It is the oldest four-year university in Kansas and has been coed since it was founded. Douglas County, Kansas Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas . Its county seat and most populous city
3196-563: The federal lawsuit initiated by the plaintiffs. The federal district court said responses to census questions are not a violation of an American citizen's right to privacy or free speech. The U.S. District Court's decision in Texas was later affirmed by the higher United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United States denied the petition for
3264-444: The first United States Decennial Census three years later in 1790 , congressional legislators understood that it should also collect basic demographic information beyond just the number of people in the household. James Madison (1751-1836), an American Founding Father and the fourth President of the United States (served 1809-1817), first proposed including additional questions in the U.S. Decennial Census to "enable them to adapt
3332-774: The first and third Tuesdays of each month at 7:00pm. The community is served by Baldwin City USD 348 public school district, and serves most of southern Douglas County. It maintains four schools in Baldwin City (Baldwin Elementary, Baldwin Intermediate, Baldwin Junior High and Baldwin High School ). On December 13, 2010, the USD 348 Board of Education voted to close the schools in Vinland and Worden at
3400-503: The former country kept title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre . In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state . In 1855, Douglas County was established. Douglas County was opened for settlement on May 15, 1854, and
3468-505: The importance of participation while acknowledging that the mandate improves response rates (and thus accuracy) and lowers the annual cost of survey administration by more than $ 90 million. In 2014, the Census Project , a collaboration of pro-Census business and industry associations, gathered signatures from 96 national and local organizations urging the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform to reject
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#17328488356063536-422: The median household income was $ 74,074 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 7,962) and the median family income was $ 76,346 (+/- $ 17,265). Males had a median income of $ 34,583 (+/- $ 20,308) versus $ 16,000 (+/- $ 10,190) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 23,188 (+/- $ 12,766). Approximately, 4.4% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.8% of those under
3604-561: The most popular tables is shown in QuickFacts . Other tools include OnTheMap for Emergency Management , Census Business Builder and My Congressional District . My Tribal Area featuring 5-year estimates for federally recognized tribes, launched in 2017. The Summary File is the most detailed data source and is available as a series of downloadable text files or through an application programming interface (API) for software developers. Custom cross-tabulations of ACS questions can be made using
3672-541: The other four major U.S. territories / commonwealths and associated states of American Samoa , Guam , Northern Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean , and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea . The Article I, Section II of the Constitution of the United States of 1787, adopted 1788, requires an enumeration of the population every ten years "in such Manner as they (Congress) shall by Law direct". From
3740-409: The population. There were 1,077 households, out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and
3808-442: The population. There were 1,501 households, of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.6% were non-families. 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
3876-410: The population. There were 38,486 households , out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.0% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and
3944-471: The public measures to the particular circumstances of the community". Such knowledge collected with each census, President Madison argued, "would give them an opportunity of marking the progress of the society". The questions included in censuses since 1790 have reflected American understandings of and concerns about societal trends and the growing nation's expanded data needs. By 130 years later in 1940, advancements in statistical methods and knowledge enabled
4012-502: The questions were moved to the sample questionnaire form. As the sample form grew longer than the census form itself, it became known as the Census "long form". Following the 1960 U.S. Decennial Census , federal, state, and local governmental officials, and some in the private sector began demanding more timely long-form-type data. Lawmakers representing rural districts claimed they were at a data disadvantage, unable to self-fund additional surveys of their populations. Congress explored
4080-981: The sampling and anonymization in PUMS is restricted to qualified researchers at secure Federal Statistical Research Data Centers (FSRDCs). The Census Bureau conducts research and evaluation projects, including survey methodology research, important for the improvement of the ACS. The ACS data is used by researchers to examine societal changes, study data quality, and conduct methodological research. American Community Survey data provides important information that cannot be found elsewhere. The federal government, as well as various businesses, researchers, and local governments use ACS data for planning and decision-making purposes. ACS data are used by public and business decision-makers to more clearly identify issues and opportunities and more effectively allocate scarce resources to address them. In Fiscal Year 2008, 184 federal domestic assistance programs used ACS-related datasets to help guide
4148-468: The survey by mail or telephone are randomly selected for in-person interviews. About 95 percent of households across all response modes ultimately participate in the survey. Like the decennial census, ACS responses are confidential . Every employee at the Census Bureau takes an oath of nondisclosure and is sworn for life to not disclose identifying information. Violations of the nondisclosure oath are punishable by prison sentences of up to five years and/or
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#17328488356064216-434: The vote in every election between 1920 and 1960 (except 1932 when Herbert Hoover received 58.7 percent). This tradition was broken in 1964, when the conservative sentiment and Western origins of Barry Goldwater drove the county into Lyndon B. Johnson 's hands, making Johnson the first Democrat ever to carry the county. Even then, however, Goldwater managed 45 percent of the county's vote. With more moderate GOP candidates,
4284-422: Was $ 43,269, and the median income for a family was $ 51,667. Males had a median income of $ 37,111 versus $ 25,850 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,698. About 5.6% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over. The Baldwin City government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets
4352-434: Was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.08. The median age in the city was 30.2 years. 24.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 20.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 20.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,400 people, 1,077 households, and 774 families living in
4420-423: Was 4.33% (209) of the population. Of the 1,651 households, 34.5% had children under the age of 18; 48.6% were married couples living together; 25.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 28.7% of households consisted of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.2. The percent of those with
4488-428: Was discontinued in 2015 due to budget cuts. The last 3-year release was the 2011–2013 ACS 3-year estimates. Current data releases include: Over the past decade, the American Community Survey has collected and supplied all data at local levels. This was a large breakthrough in the survey because it allows American citizens more individualized data on a community level as opposed to extrapolating from data collected over
4556-587: Was incorporated on September 22, 1870. Baldwin City unwittingly found themselves surrounded by the events that led up to the American Civil War . Three miles east of Baldwin was the town site of Black Jack where the Battle of Black Jack took place on June 2, 1856. The night before that battle, John Brown stayed in Prairie City . In 1863, Quantrill's raiders passed within three miles (5 km) of Baldwin after
4624-521: Was named for Stephen A. Douglas , a senator from Illinois . The county was practically at the center of the Bleeding Kansas years as leaders in Lecompton (the territorial capital) wanted Kansas to be a slave state, whereas leaders in Lawrence wanted Kansas to be a free state . The pro- and anti-slavery settlers held great animosity towards one another, leading to many events, such as the drafting of
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