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23-572: According to tradition, the staff was given to St. Patrick by a hermit on an island located in the Etruscan Sea , who had received it from Jesus Christ . Jesus informed the hermit to give it to St. Patrick when he inevitably arrived. In 1106, when the head or coarb of the see of Armagh had been handed from layman to layman of the Ui Sinaich family, Celsus (Ceallach or Ceallach) became the eighth in line. He wanted to end that tradition of lay control of

46-410: A well-preserved example of ancient Mediterranean civilization between 1400 and 1200 BC. Recent archaeological investigations unveiled a sophisticated fortification system beneath the village. Using non-invasive techniques such as ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography, researchers identified an 820-foot-long arc-shaped stone wall, standing 13 to 16 feet tall. Ustica's climate

69-521: Is a small Italian island in the Tyrrhenian Sea . It is about 5 kilometres (3 mi) across and is situated 52 kilometres (32 mi) north of Capo Gallo , Sicily . Roughly 1,300 people live in the comune (municipality) of the same name. There is a regular ferry service from the island to Palermo in Sicily. Excavations begun in 1989 at Tramontana, also known as Faraglioni, have unearthed what

92-552: Is also Bastia , located in Corsica . Note that even though the phrase "port of Rome" is frequently used, there is in fact no port in Rome. Instead, the "port of Rome" refers to the maritime facilities at Civitavecchia, some 68 km (42 miles) to the northwest of Rome. Giglio Porto is a small island port in this area. It rose to prominence, when the Costa Concordia ran aground near

115-504: Is classified as hot-summer mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ). The annual average temperature is 18.13 °C (64.6 °F), the hottest month in July is 26.58 °C (79.8 °F), and the coldest month is 11.27 °C (52.3 °F) in February. The annual precipitation is 525.72 millimetres (20.70 in), of which October is the wettest with 78.85 millimetres (3.10 in), while July

138-615: Is named for the Tyrrhenian people identified with the Etruscans of Italy. The sea is bounded by the islands of Corsica and Sardinia (to the west), the Italian Peninsula (regions of Tuscany , Lazio , Campania , Basilicata , and Calabria ) to the north and east, and the island of Sicily (to the south). The Tyrrhenian Sea also includes a number of smaller islands like Capri , Elba , Ischia , and Ustica . The maximum depth of

161-509: The Fascist years in Italy and until the 1950s, Ustica was used as an island prison. Benito Mussolini banished thousands of political opponents to Ustica, often as many as 1,500 at a time; many were homosexuals. Both Antonio Gramsci and Amadeo Bordiga were sent there. In the early 1940s Yugoslav war prisoners were crammed onto the island, and many of them died from malnutrition and tuberculosis. In

184-575: The Neogene . Episodes of fast and slow trench retreat formed first the Vavilov basin and, then, the Marsili basin. Submarine volcanoes and the active volcano Mount Stromboli formed because trench retreat produces extension in the overriding plate allowing the mantle to rise below the surface and partially melt. The magmatism here is also affected by the fluids released from the slab. Its name derives from

207-453: The 1950s they were followed by suspected Mafiosi expelled from Sicily. On 27 June 1980, Itavia Flight 870 crashed into the sea off the island while en route to Palermo , killing all 81 people on board. The event became known as the Ustica massacre . The island has limited sources of water, and vegetation is consequently scarce. The coast has numerous rocks and grottoes. Ustica is home to

230-742: The Greek name for the Etruscans , first mentioned by Hesiod in the 8th century BC who described them as residing in central Italy alongside the Latins. The Etruscans lived along the coast of modern Tuscany , Latium and Campania , and referred to the water as the "Sea of the Etruscans". Islands of the Tyrrhenian Sea include: The main ports of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Italy are: Naples , Palermo , Civitavecchia ( Rome ), Salerno , Trapani , and Gioia Tauro . There

253-513: The Island was named Osteodes (ossuary) in memory of the thousands of Carthaginian mutineers left there to die of hunger in the 4th century BC. The Romans renamed the island Ustica , Latin for burnt , for its black rocks. The island is also known locally as the "black pearl". In the 6th century, a Benedictine community settled in the island, but was soon forced to move because of ongoing wars between Europeans and Arabs . Attempts to colonize

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276-529: The Tyrrhenian Sea as follows: There are four exits from the Tyrrhenian Sea (north to south): The Tyrrhenian Basin is divided into two basins (or plains), the Vavilov plain and the Marsili plain. They are separated by the undersea ridge known as the Issel Bridge, after Arturo Issel . The Tyrrhenian Sea is a back-arc basin that formed due to the rollback of the Calabrian slab towards South-East during

299-649: The coast of Giglio and sank. The ship was later refloated and towed to Genoa for scrapping. In Greek mythology , it is believed that the cliffs above the Tyrrhenian Sea housed the four winds kept by Aeolus . The winds are the Mistral from the Rhône valley, the Libeccio from the southwest, and the Sirocco and Ostro from the south. Ustica Ustica ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈustika] ; Sicilian : Ùstica )

322-527: The episcopal see, and so he became first a priest and then was consecrated a bishop, becoming Archbishop of Armagh . He assumed his right to this position as a bishop, but renounced his right to it as a layman. Fearing that his relatives would try to displace him and take away the attributes of his power, he brought the Bachal Isu to Ballyboughal around 1113. When Celsus died in 1129, he named an Archbishop not related to him. His choice: Maelmhaedhoc O'Morgair ,

345-485: The eventual St. Malachy . He also send Malachy the Bachal Isu, but it was seized by Morrough, a cousin of Celsus, who turned the staff over to Flann Ui Sinaich for safe-keeping, preventing Malachy from assuming his position. Morrough died in 1134 and was succeeded as lay lord of Armagh by Celsus's brother Niall, but his own family now saw "the degradation and disgrace brought upon the diocese by this lay claim" and drove out Niall. In 1135 Flann Ui Sinaich died, and St. Malachy

368-520: The honeybee Apis mellifera sicula . Ustica is particularly known for scuba diving , with a number of diving schools established on the island. Recreational divers are attracted by the relatively deep dives, which are a feature of the island's volcanic geology. Ustica contains the remains of the Bronze Age settlement of Villaggio dei Faraglioni. It showcases organized urban planning with huts and narrow roadways along its northern periphery, representing

391-533: The island in the Middle Ages failed because of raids by Barbary pirates . In the mid-18th century, the island was settled by approximately 90 people from the island of Lipari , an island also located north of Sicily, but east of Ustica. They brought with them the patron saint of Lipari, Bartholomew the Apostle , who became the patron saint of Ustica as well. In the mid-to-late 19th century and early 20th century, as

414-759: The population of the island grew too large, hundreds of Ustican families emigrated to the United States. Many of these families settled in New Orleans and surrounding areas, where there are today thousands of descendants whose ties remain strong to Ustica. Among them was Angelina Caravella, the mother of famous jazz singer and trumpet player Louis Prima . A smaller number of families settled in San Jose and San Francisco, in New York, Massachusetts, Oregon, Montana and in Chicago. During

437-449: The sea is 3,785 metres (12,418 ft). The Tyrrhenian Sea is situated near where the African and Eurasian Plates meet; therefore mountain chains and active volcanoes, such as Mount Marsili , are found in its depths. The eight Aeolian Islands and Ustica are located in the southern part of the sea, north of Sicily . The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of

460-625: The staff from Ballyboughal and sent it to Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin . The staff remained in Christ Church until the Protestant Reformation . In 1538, shortly after the English reconquest, the staff’s golden ornaments and gems were all removed, and the staff was burnt by order of Anglican Archbishop George Browne in Skinners Row outside Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin . The reason

483-513: Was a large prehistoric village dating from the 14th to the 13th century BC. The foundations of some 300 stone-built houses were discovered, and the defensive walls of the settlement are among the strongest fortifications of any period known in Italy. It is believed that these early settlers came over from the Aeolian Islands . In historic times, the island has been populated at least since about 1500 BC by Phoenician peoples. In ancient Greece ,

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506-447: Was able to purchase the Bachal Isu from his successor and to retrieve it on 7 July of that year from a cave where it had been hidden away, becoming finally archbishop. In 1137, Malachy resigned his archbishopric to Gelasius, who apparently returned the Bachal Isu to Ballyboughal, where in 1113 Bishop Samuel U h-Aingli had set aside land for the preservation and protection of the staff. In 1173, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke removed

529-464: Was that it was considered a "superstitious relic". The staff was believed by some to have special powers including: Tyrrhenian Sea The Tyrrhenian Sea ( / t ɪ ˈ r iː n i ən , - ˈ r eɪ -/ , tih- REE -nee-ən ,- RAY - ; Italian : Mar Tirreno [mar tirˈrɛːno] or [-ˈreː-] ) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy . It

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