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71-544: Parts of Baarle-Hertog are surrounded by the Dutch province of North Brabant , but it is part of the Belgian province of Antwerp . As of 2021, it had a population of 2,935. The total area is 7.48 square kilometres (2.89 square miles). Baarle-Hertog is noted for its complicated borders with Baarle-Nassau , Netherlands . The border's complexity results from a number of medieval treaties, agreements, land-swaps and sales between

142-499: A Brabantian dialect is spoken. The default language having been developed around this time, it therefore had mainly Brabantian influences. The early modern Dutch written language was initially influenced primarily by Brabantian, with strong influence from Hollandic emerging after the 16th century. Since the Brabantian dialect has developed faster than 16th- and 17th-century Dutch, it has become more diverse than modern Standard Dutch but

213-502: A Brabantian dialect is still spoken. That made the standard language develop mainly from Brabantian influence. The early modern Dutch written language was initially influenced primarily by Brabantian, with strong influence from the Hollandic dialect after the 16th century. Since then, it has diverged from Standard Dutch and evolved its own way, but it is still similar enough for both to be mutually intelligible . Berlin scientists point to

284-462: A joint library with Belgian and Dutch staff. North Brabant North Brabant ( Dutch : Noord-Brabant [ˌnoːrd ˈbraːbɑnt] ; Brabantian : Broabant [ˈbrɑːban] ), also unofficially called Brabant , is a province in the south of the Netherlands . It borders the provinces of South Holland and Gelderland to the north, Limburg to the east, Zeeland to

355-555: A majority of the population in the province of North Brabant. Only 1–2% of the total population of the Catholic area attend mass , and these churchgoers consist mostly of people over 65 years old. With a population density of 501/km , North Brabant is above average urbanized. The urbanization is at the center of the province at largest, where the 'kite' (the Brabantse Stedenrij Breda, Tilburg, Eindhoven and 's-Hertogenbosch)

426-607: A seventh in the second-largest Belgian exclave. An eighth Dutch exclave is located near Ginhoven  [ nl ] . During the First World War , this situation meant that the Imperial German Army could not occupy these parts of Belgium without crossing the Netherlands, which the Dutch government did not allow. Thus, these pieces of Belgium became a place where refugees could safely stay. A clandestine radio transmitter

497-496: A small area in the northwest of North Brabant ( Willemstad ), Hollandic is spoken. Conventionally, the Kleverlandish dialects are distinguished from Brabantian, but for no reason other than geography. Over the relatively-large area in which it is spoken, Brabantian can be roughly divided into three subdialects, all of which differ in some aspects: Over 5 million people live in the area where some form of Brabantian functions as

568-441: A stew of onions , beef and a thick gravy, contain a lot of flavour and require hours to prepare. Vegetable soups are made from richly flavored stock or bouillon and typically contain small meatballs alongside a variety of different vegetables. Asparagus and witlo(o)f are highly prized and traditionally eaten with cheese and/or ham . Pastries are abundant, often with rich fillings of cream, custard or fruits. Cakes, such as

639-547: A very important phenomenon in the 20th century in the south of the Dutch language area: there has been an expansion in the use of Brabantian by the dominant presence of native Brabantian-speakers in the modern mass media like radio and television. About one quarter of the Dutch-speaking population lives in the Brabantian dialect zone. In the Netherlands, rural areas still retain some of their original Brabantian dialects. In large Dutch cities, such as Breda and Eindhoven , where

710-435: Is a partnership between the municipalities of Breda , Eindhoven , Helmond , 's-Hertogenbosch and Tilburg and the province of North Brabant. According to national rules, BrabantStad is defined as the area of Eindhoven, 's-Hertogenbosch and Tilburg. Brabantian is not a minority language in the Netherlands . It can be divided in two main dialects: East Brabantian and West Brabantian  [ nl ] . Along with

781-504: Is an area with farmlands and forests. In Heeze , also south of Eindhoven, are the heath areas the Groote Heide (333 ha) and Strabrechtse Heath (1500 ha) located. The Strabrechtse Heide holds also the largest fen of the Netherlands. The Beuven (Beu fen) measures 85 hectares. Like most of the Netherlands, North Brabant is mostly flat but nearly every part of North Brabant is above sea level; therefore, there are not as many canals as in

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852-593: Is elected by the inhabitants, the Commissioner is appointed by the King and the cabinet of the Netherlands. With 10 seats, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is the largest party in the council, closely followed by Christian Democratic Appeal and Socialist Party , both with 9 seats. The daily affairs of the province are taken care of by the Provincial-Executive ( Gedeputeerde Staten ), which are also headed by

923-512: Is home to 8 professional football clubs, more than any other province in the Netherlands. Two clubs ( PSV and RKC Waalwijk ) play in the Eredivisie , the highest professional football league in the Netherlands. Six clubs ( Helmond Sport , Willem II , FC Den Bosch , FC Eindhoven , TOP Oss and NAC Breda ) play in the Eerste Divisie , the second-highest division of professional football in

994-417: Is influenced by both German cuisine and French cuisine , and it forms the base of most traditional Dutch restaurants including typical main courses such as Biefstuk , Varkenshaas , or Ossenhaas , which are premium cuts of meat, generally pork or beef , accompanied by various sauces and potatoes which have been double fried in the traditional Dutch (or Belgian) manner. Stews, such as hachee ,

1065-419: Is located within mainland Belgium on the contiguous Dutch-Belgian border (north of the town of Merksplas ). In addition to this, there are 22 Belgian exclaves fully within the Netherlands. There are also seven Dutch enclaves within the Belgian exclaves (i.e., counter-exclaves ) that are part of the territory of the Netherlands. Six of these Dutch enclaves are located within the largest Belgian exclave, and

1136-550: Is located, the rest of the province has a more rural character. The province has preserved some of its scenic nature well. National parks are found at the Loonse and Drunen Dunes , De Biesbosch and De De Groote Peel , on the marshes of the Meierij at Oisterwijk and Boxtel (within an area called Het Groene Woud ), the border park Zoom-Kalmthoutse Heide , and in the forested area around Breda . Also, south of Eindhoven named De Kempen

1207-473: Is no evidence of literary manuscripts farther north. In the second half of the 14th century, emphasis in society shifted to Brabant and so the Brabantian dialect became dominant. A migration to the north was occurring; the West Flemish dialect influenced the coastal area of the province of South Holland ('s-Gravenhage and Leiden), and migrants from Brabant came to the provinces of North Holland and Utrecht. In

1278-452: Is still quite similar and very understandable. About one third of the Dutch-speaking population lives in the Brabantian dialect zone. Both in large Brabantian towns such as Breda and Eindhoven and in rural areas many people still speak the original dialect or colloquial Dutch with a typical "southern" tongue. Tilburg and 's-Hertogenbosch have a large number of people speaking the Brabantian dialect. There are many museums, especially in

1349-426: Is still the pattern in much of the region. In recent years, however, the rapid advance of industry has brought about profound changes in this agricultural region. The origins of this industrial development go back 70–100 years. The main concentrations of industry are along the southern frontier of the Netherlands, e.g., at Eindhoven , Helmond , Tilburg , Breda , 's-Hertogenbosch . In the east of Noord-Brabant, near

1420-618: Is the most successful of these clubs with many prizes, in the regular competition as well as in Europe. The most recent prizes are National Champions in 2014–2015, 2015–2016 and European Champions in 2014–2015. The States of North Brabant ( Staten van Noord-Brabant ) have 55 seats and are headed by the King's Commissioner ( Commissaris van de Koning ), currently Ina Adema . Whereas the provincial council (the States-Provincial - Provinciale Staten )

1491-528: Is theme park Efteling in Kaatsheuvel , the largest of the Benelux. Safaripark Beekse Bergen is an Safaripark located between Tilburg and Hilvarenbeek . In terms of area, it is the largest Safaripark in the Benelux. More than 150 animal species are kept, ranging from small mammals to large birds. It is best known for its diversity. You can explore the park on foot, by boat, bus or with your own car. BrabantStad

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1562-503: The Moorkop and Bossche Bol from Brabant, are typical pastries. There are also savory pastries, especially the popular worstenbroodje (a roll with a sausage of ground beef ). The traditional alcoholic beverage of the region is beer. There are many local brands, ranging from Trappist to Kriek . Beer, like wine in French cuisine, is also used in cooking, often in stews. North Brabant

1633-668: The Dutch province of North Brabant , the Belgian provinces of Antwerp and Flemish Brabant as well as the Brussels-Capital Region ( Brusselian ; where its native speakers have become a minority) and the province of Walloon Brabant . Brabantian expands into small parts in the west of Limburg , and its strong influence on the Flemish dialects in East Flanders weakens toward the west. In

1704-616: The High Tech Campus Eindhoven . In 2017, Brabantian companies applied for 3655 patents , earning a spot in the regional top 5 in Europe. Other important industries are automobile production (e.g. General Motors in Breda , Tesla in Tilburg ) and DAF in Eindhoven , textile and shoes. In the 20th century, tourism has become an important sector for North Brabant. A tourist attraction

1775-506: The Hollandic dialects it is one of the two most spoken versions of Dutch. Brabantian has, as compared to the other main Dutch dialects, had a big influence on the development of Standard Dutch. This is because Brabant was the dominant region in the Netherlands when the standardization of Dutch started in the 16th century. The first major formation of standard Dutch also took place in Antwerp , where

1846-571: The Industrial Revolution drew many people from other parts of the country, the dialect has been diluted by contact with Standard Dutch. Because people tended to migrate towards the cities from the surrounding rural areas, Brabantian influence is still seen in some terms and in pronunciation (the "Brabantian accent" of Dutch), but the original Brabantian city dialects have largely disappeared there. However, some large cities, such as Tilburg and 's-Hertogenbosch , still have many people speaking

1917-498: The Limburgish border, is the Peel area, an expanse of moorland extending from Eindhoven to Venlo , on the border with Limburg. Southeast of Asten is a nature reserve (1,300 hectares (3,250 acres); visitor center at Ospeldijk) which has escaped destruction by peat cutting. Mostly boggy, it will appeal to nature lovers with its interesting flora and fauna. Apart from this small area almost

1988-515: The Mass in a church in Jette . Moreover, the use of Dutch is reviving because of young Dutch-speaking families moving back from the suburbs to the old city of Brussels , and an increasing number of non-Dutch-speaking families putting their children in Flemish schools. The comic artist Hergé based fictional languages like Syldavian in his childhood Marols . Brabantian is rather close to and contributed to

2059-662: The Netherlands , and the Effenaar in Eindhoven offer concerts by major artists. Smaller venues like Mezz Breda , W2 Concert in 's-Hertogenbosch and the smaller halls of the 013 and the Effenaar offer concerts by emerging artists and bigger names in an intimate setting. Some yearly cultural events in North Brabant are: List of museums in North Brabant Museums of the main cities: The Southern Dutch cuisine constitutes

2130-629: The Roman Catholic State Party and its post- war successor, the Catholic People's Party , which often held around 75% of the vote. In the 1960s secularisation and the actual emancipation of the Catholic population brought about the gradual dissolution of the Catholic pillar, as church attendance decreased in North Brabant as elsewhere in Western Europe. The influence of Het Rijke Roomse Leven (The Rich Roman [Catholic] Life) remains in

2201-704: The Union of Utrecht was signed in 1579, Brabant became a battlefield between the Protestant Dutch Republic and Catholic Spain , which occupied the southern Netherlands. As a result of the Peace of Westphalia, the northern part of Brabant became part of the Netherlands as the territory of Staats-Brabant (Statal Brabant) under federal rule, in contrast to the founding provinces of the Dutch Republic , which were self-governing. Attempts to introduce Protestantism into

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2272-599: The 16th century, when the Low Countries were in turmoil, another migration occurred from the Spanish Netherlands (roughly what is now Belgium) to the United Provinces of the Netherlands . That made the cultural elite move from the oppressive Spanish and Roman Catholic region to the more liberal (and Protestant) north. Dutch linguistics historian Nicoline van der Sijs says that it is a popular myth that Brabantian

2343-478: The 21st century: On 1 January 2003 the municipality of Ravenstein merged into the existing municipality of Oss . On 1 January 2004 the municipalities of Geldrop and Mierlo merged into a new municipality called Geldrop-Mierlo . On 1 January 2011 the municipality of Lith merged into the existing municipality of Oss . On 1 January 2015 the municipality of Maasdonk merged into the existing municipalities of 's-Hertogenbosch and Oss . On 1 January 2017

2414-534: The Commissioner; its members (commissioners - gedeputeerden ) can be compared with ministers. Results in North Brabant in the elections for the States-Provincial : As of 7 May the Provincial-Executive of North Brabant is composed of the following individuals. In North Brabant the inhabitants voted as follows for the House of Representatives ( Tweede Kamer ): Religion in North Brabant (2015) Traditionally

2485-688: The Lords of Breda and the Dukes of Brabant . Generally speaking, predominantly agricultural or built environments became constituents of Brabant and other parts devolved to Breda . These distributions were ratified and clarified as a part of the border settlements agreed under the Treaty of Maastricht in 1843. The tight integration of the European Union and in particular the Schengen Agreement have made many of

2556-558: The Netherlands were united in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands , and the province of North Brabant was established and so named to distinguish it from Central Brabant and South Brabant in present-day Belgium , which seceded from the Kingdom in 1830. This boundary between the Netherlands and Belgium is special in that it does not form a contiguous line, but leaves a handful of tiny enclaves (and enclaves inside enclaves) on both sides of

2627-468: The Netherlands. PSV Eindhoven is the biggest club of North Brabant, and most successful with 25 Eredivisie titles , 1 European Cup and 1 UEFA Cup , among many other domestic cups, and is one of the traditional " big three " clubs in the Netherlands. North Brabant is home to 3 hockey clubs that play in the Hoofdklasse. HC Den Bosch ('s-Hertogenbosch), Oranje Zwart (Eindhoven) and MOP (Vught). Oranje Zwart

2698-613: The Northern Protestant government until the second half of the 19th century, which had a major influence on the economic and cultural development of the southern part of the Netherlands. Present-day North Brabant ( Staats-Brabant ) was adjudicated to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia , while the reduced duchy remained in existence with the Southern Netherlands until it

2769-424: The border. In fact, the Dutch government generally used the pre-Napoleonic borders in 1815 to divide its provinces, in hommage to the principle of Restoration . A few of these irregularities were corrected ( Luyksgestel was exchanged for Lommel ), Huijbergen became totally Dutch, but some remain, notably Baarle-Hertog (Belgian) and Baarle-Nassau (Dutch). When the present province was instituted, its territory

2840-624: The cuisine of the Dutch provinces of North Brabant and Limburg and the Flemish Region in Belgium . It is renowned for its many rich pastries, soups, stews , and vegetable dishes and is often called " Burgundian ", which is a Dutch idiom invoking the rich Burgundian court which ruled the Low Countries in the Middle Ages and was renowned for its splendor and great feasts. It is the only Dutch culinary region which developed an haute cuisine , as it

2911-442: The development of Standard Dutch . A characteristic phrase, houdoe ("take care"), derives from houd u goed (literally, "keep yourself all right"), but colloquial Dutch and Hollandic use doei ("bye"). In South Brabantian ( Belgium ), "Ale, salu(kes) e!", based on loanwords from French "Allez!" and "Salut!", is a common parting phrase . Brabantian dialects have a characteristic historic tendency toward accusativism ,

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2982-423: The emancipatory drive of the province's disadvantaged Catholic population and was supported by a Roman Catholic pillar , which was directed by the clergy, and not only encompassed churches, but also Roman Catholic schools and hospitals, which were run by nuns and friars. In those days every village in North Brabant had a convent from which the nuns operated. Politically, the province was dominated by Catholic parties:

3053-475: The form of education where some schools are still Roman Catholic (today run by professional teachers and not by nuns) and in North Brabant's culture, politics, mentality and customs , such as carnival . The interpretation of the Roman Catholic identity in North Brabant has shifted during the last 65 years from religious to cultural , but the province still has a distinct Catholic atmosphere when compared to

3124-435: The large numbers of visitors the natural environment has remained largely unspoiled. The Biesbosch nature reserve can be reached by car only from the east (preferably via Werkendam ). The southwest part of the area, with its three large reservoirs of drinking water, is closed to road traffic. The Biesbosch can also be reached by boat from Drimmelen , Geertruidenberg or Lage Zwaluwe . The historical region of Kempen occupies

3195-795: The larger towns which include the North Brabant Museum in 's-Hertogenbosch , the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven , the Museum of the Image in Breda , Noordbrabants Natuurmuseum in Tilburg . Also a few towns have a large theater like the Chassé Theater in Breda and the Eindhoven Park Theatre. Large, reputable music venues like the 013 in Tilburg , which boasts the largest space of music venues in

3266-535: The lower parts of The Netherlands. Although most of the population lives in urban areas, the province is scattered with villages around which most of the land is cultivated. National Parks in North Brabant are: The Biesbosch (from bies , "rushes", and bosch , "woodland") is an area southeast of Dordrecht formed when the dike on the Meuse burst and the St. Elizabeth's floods on 19 November 1421 engulfed great tracts of land in

3337-411: The municipalities of Veghel , Schijndel , and Sint-Oedenrode merged into a new municipality called Meierijstad , creating the largest municipality of the province of North Brabant in terms of land area. On 1 January 2019 the municipalities of Aalburg , Werkendam , and Woudrichem merged into a new municipality called Altena , an even larger municipality in terms of land area. On 1 January 2021

3408-423: The municipality of Haaren merged into the existing municipalities of Boxtel , Oisterwijk , Tilburg , and Vught . On 1 January 2022 the municipalities of Landerd and Uden merged into the new municipality of Maashorst , and the municipalities of Boxmeer , Cuijk , Grave , Mill en Sint Hubert , and Sint Anthonis merged into the new municipality of Land van Cuijk . The Gross domestic product (GDP) of

3479-498: The original Brabantian dialect. In Antwerp , the local dialect, known as "Antwerps" in Dutch, is Brabantian; however, Het Nieuwsblad wrote in 2020 that "few people can still master it", with its city folk now speaking Tussentaal and Standard Dutch instead. In Brussels , French largely replaced Dutch in the mid-20th century , but there are many cultural activities that use the Brussels dialect (sometimes called Marols ), such as

3550-524: The practicalities of the situation substantially simpler since the 1990s. In total, the municipality of Baarle-Hertog consists of 26 separate parcels of land. Four are linked to other Belgian municipalities, from west to east: the Baalbrugse Bemden, a strip of land along the Merkske, Zondereigen-Ginhoven and an area near Weelde-Station. The largest single section, Zondereigen (named after its main hamlet),

3621-438: The predominant colloquial language; this compares with a total of 22 million Dutch-speakers across the Netherlands and Flanders. Compared to the other dialects and sublanguages of Dutch, Brabantian has historically had a major influence on the development of Dutch. During the Middle Ages , manuscripts from the 10th to 15th centuries show that Limburgish and then West Flemish were the predominant literary languages, but there

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3692-535: The province of North Brabant has been strongly Roman Catholic , in contrast to most of the rest of the Netherlands. Following the country's independence, Catholics faced discrimination by the Protestant government until the mid-19th century. During the 1960s the relatively strong demarcation between the Catholic south on one side and the Calvinist west and north on the other side of the Netherlands started to diminish. In

3763-543: The province was 116.1 billion € in 2018, accounting for 15.0% of the Netherlands economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €39,900 or 132% of the EU27 average in the same year. Employment is found in the agricultural , industrial and service sectors, with agricultural and food processing companies such as Agrifirm , Bavaria , FrieslandCampina , Mars Incorporated , Nutreco , Royal Canin all having large production sites or their headquarters located in

3834-505: The province. The main agricultural products are sweetcorn , wheat and sugar beet , while cows and pigs are held as livestock. An important economical activity is electronics industry, which developed as a spin-off from Philips . Several companies originated from Philips, such as Signify (formerly Philips Lighting), NXP (producer of semiconductors ), and the world's largest supplier of photolithography systems, ASML . There are eight 'innovation campusses' in North Brabant, including

3905-399: The provinces north of the major rivers. A cultural divide is still found between the "Catholic" south and the "Protestant" north, but with a total of 1.5 million people and 20% of the industrial production in the Netherlands the southern "Catholic" area BrabantStad has become one of the major economically important, metropolitan regions of the Netherlands. As of 2010, Catholics were no longer

3976-488: The region were largely unsuccessful; North Brabant remained strongly Catholic. For over a century, North Brabant served mainly as a military buffer zone. In 1796, when the confederate Dutch Republic became the unitary Batavian Republic , Staats-Brabant became a province as Bataafs Brabant . This status ended with the reorganisation by the invading French , and the area was united into the département of Deux-Nèthes (present province of Antwerp ). In 1815, Belgium and

4047-406: The retreating glaciers. It is a typical area of sandy heathland. The infertile soil is suitable only for undemanding crops such as rye, oats, potatoes and fodder plants; this limits the profitability of agriculture. Until a few decades ago Kempen was a region of heathland and sand drifts with a sparse growth of pines, a few scattered villages subsisting on the poor soil and some small towns; and this

4118-618: The sale of fireworks are more lenient than those of the Netherlands. Many Dutch tourists come to Baarle-Hertog to buy fireworks to celebrate the New Year. Two villages in the municipality, Zondereigen and Ginhoven, are located in the main territory of Belgium. These are all part of Baarle-Nassau municipality. acre These are all part of Baarle-Hertog municipality, and are surrounded by Baarle-Nassau municipality (Netherlands). acre Baarle-Hertog has two elementary schools: De Vlinder and De Horizon. It shares, with Baarle-Nassau ,

4189-510: The sea and subject to changing tide levels. As a result, it developed a flora which tolerated brackish water and was the home of numerous waterfowl. Since the damming of the Haringvliet there is no variation in water level, and both flora and fauna have adapted to the new environment. The Biesbosch is crisscrossed by a network of footpaths and bike paths and by rivers and streams which offer facilities for water sports (sailing, surfing). In spite of

4260-459: The second half of the 20th century a rapid secularization took place in North Brabant. Brabantian dialect Brabantian or Brabantish , also Brabantic or Brabantine ( Dutch : Brabants , Standard Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbraːbɑnts] , Brabantian pronunciation: [ˈbrɑːbans] ), is a dialect group of the Dutch language . It is named after the historical Duchy of Brabant , which corresponded mainly to

4331-459: The southern part of the province of Noord-Brabant and extends south of Eindhoven far into northern Belgium . To the east it reaches as far as the Meuse valley. The surface topography of De Kempen is very uniform. Most of it lies between 5 m (15 ft) and 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. The basement rocks are Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, which are overlaid by Ice Age gravels and sands carried here by rivers of melt-water from

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4402-460: The southwestern Netherlands and altered the geography of the whole area, inundating over 40,000 hectares (100,000 acres) of land. More than four-fifths of the flooded land has been reclaimed since the 18th century. An area of 6,000 hectares (15,000 acres) was left as it was, and now forms the Biesbosch nature reserve and bird sanctuary. Until the end of the 1960s the Biesbosch was directly connected with

4473-591: The two countries. At one time, according to Dutch laws, restaurants had to close earlier. For some restaurants on the border, this simply meant that the customers had to move to a table on the Belgian side. In 2020, restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic differed between the two countries; for instance, preventing a Belgian citizen living metres away from an open Dutch bar from patronising it. Many fireworks shops are found in Baarle-Hertog , as Belgian laws controlling

4544-445: The use of the accusative case instead of the nominative case . While the cases themselves have fallen out of use in modern language, the accusative form survives in Brabantian, rather than the nominative case of the more northern dialects ( nominativism ). As the accusative case had different forms for masculine and feminine nouns, both genders have thus remained separate in Brabantian. The first attempts at standardising Dutch were in

4615-673: The west, and the Flemish provinces of Antwerp and Limburg to the south. The northern border follows the Meuse westward to its mouth in the Hollands Diep strait , part of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta . North Brabant had a population of about 2,626,000 as of January 2023. Major cities in North Brabant are Eindhoven (pop. 231,642 ), Tilburg (pop. 217,259), Breda (pop. 183,873), its provincial capital 's-Hertogenbosch (pop. 154,205), and Helmond (pop. 94,967) The Duchy of Brabant

4686-592: The whole of the Peel has been brought into cultivation. The province is bordered by the river Meuse in the north. Its delta flows through De Biesbosch area, a national park. North Brabant has been divided into 56 municipalities since 2022. Traditionally, almost every town was a separate municipality, but their number was reduced greatly in the 1990s by incorporating smaller towns into neighbouring cities or by other mergers. The municipalities in North Brabant are: The following municipal reclassifications took place in

4757-548: Was a dominant influence during the standardisation of Dutch from the 16th century. She says that Standard Dutch is a standardised Hollandic dialect. However, researchers of variance linguistics at the Ghent University and Dutch linguists in Berlin recognise the distinctive influence of Brabantian on the first Dutch standardisation in the 16th century. The first major formation of Standard Dutch also took place in Antwerp , where

4828-439: Was a state of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183 or 1190. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was split up after the Dutch revolt. After the War of Independence , Catholics in the Southern Netherlands were systematically and officially discriminated against by

4899-462: Was conquered by French Revolutionary forces in 1794. Until the 17th century, the area that now makes up the province of North Brabant was mostly part of the Duchy of Brabant, of which the southern part is now in Belgium . During the 14th and 15th centuries, the area experienced a golden age—especially the now-Belgian cities of Brussels , Mechelen , Leuven and Antwerp , and the Dutch cities of Breda , Bergen op Zoom and 's-Hertogenbosch . After

4970-572: Was expanded with a part of the province of Holland and the former territory of Ravenstein , which had previously belonged to the Duchy of Cleves , as well as several small, formerly autonomous entities. In World War II the area was liberated by the allies during Operation Pheasant between October 20 to November 4, 1944. The period from 1900 until the late 1960s is called Het Rijke Roomse Leven (translated as 'the rich Roman life', with 'Roman' meaning 'Roman Catholic'), an era of strong religious belief. Het Rijke Roomse Leven came about as result of

5041-445: Was smuggled in and from there worked with the Belgian resistance. The Dutch government fenced off these areas and controlled access in or out of them, building a church and school for the Belgian people who were effectively stranded within the enclaves. This situation did not exist in the Second World War , as both countries were occupied by Nazi Germany . Some houses in the town of Baarle-Hertog / Baarle-Nassau are divided between

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