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46-550: The design of the BMP-3 ( Obyekt 688M) can be traced back to the Obyekt 685 light tank prototype with an 2A48-1 100 mm gun from 1975. The prototype did not enter series production, but the chassis, with a new engine, was used for the next-generation infantry combat vehicle Obyekt 688 from A. Blagonravov's design bureau. The Ob. 688's original weapon configuration consisting of an externally mounted Shipunov 2A42 30 mm autocannon ,

92-755: A heat source ( thermal radiation ), to create an image assembled for video output. They can be used to help pilots and drivers steer their vehicles at night and in fog, or to detect warm objects against a cooler background. The wavelength of infrared that thermal imaging cameras detect is 3 to 12  μm and differs significantly from that of night vision , which operates in the visible light and near-infrared ranges (0.4 to 1.0  μm). Infrared light falls into two basic ranges: long-wave and medium-wave . Long-wave infrared (LWIR) cameras, sometimes called "far-infrared", operate at 8 to 12 μm and can see heat sources, such as hot engine parts or human body heat , several kilometers away. Longer-distance viewing

138-459: A 7.62 mm PKT machine gun with 2,000 rounds are mounted coaxially in the turret. The main gun elevates from −5° to +60°. There are also two 7.62 mm PKT bow machine guns, again with 2,000 rounds each. The BMP-3 is capable of engaging targets out to 5,000–6,000 metres with its ATGM weapon system 9K116-3 "Basnya". With conventional ammunition, such as the HE-Frag shell 3OF32, the 2A70 gun has

184-516: A 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and twin 9M113 Konkurs ATGM launcher was rejected; instead, the new 2K23 armament system was selected. The resulting BMP-3 was developed in the early 1980s and entered service with the Soviet Army officially in 1987. It was shown for the first time in public during the 1990 Victory Day parade and was given the NATO code IFV M1990/1 . The BMP-3 is designed and produced by

230-405: A GO-27 radiation and chemical agent detector, an FVU filtration system, an automatic fire extinguisher and six 902V "Tucha-2" 81 mm smoke grenade launchers. BMP-3M is equipped with Bakhcha-U turret, which has similar weapons to the original BMP-3 turret but with a new dual-channel FLIR gunner's sight, commander's panoramic thermal imaging device, vertical-storage conveyor, new autoloader, and

276-414: A high-strength aluminum alloy, with the front of the hull being provided with an extra steel plate welded over it plus spaced armor from the trim vane. The turret is also provided with a thick steel spaced armour shield over its frontal arc. Over the frontal arc, the vehicle is protected against 30 mm gun rounds at a range of 200 m. In addition to "hard" protection, the BMP-3's self-sealing fuel tank

322-403: A new fire control system from the "Peleng" Joint Stock Company from Belarus. This consists of a SOZH-M gunner's main sight with an integrated laser rangefinder and missile guidance channel, a Vesna-K targeting system with thermal imaging camera and automatic target tracker AST-B, an armament stabilisation system, a ballistic computer with data input sensors and a PL-1 IR laser projector. Since 2017,

368-669: A new sighting system. It also has a stronger armor on the turret, and two-axis stabilisation. The turret of the BMP-3 has been fitted to the Patria Armoured Modular Vehicle and on the Turkish-UAE RABDAN 8x8 IFV. In August 2017, a BMP-3M was presented with a new ATGM remote weapon station fitted on the standard turret carrying two 9M120 Ataka (AT-9 Spiral-2) missiles. In June 2018, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that BMP-3s would be fitted with

414-471: A range of 4,000 metres. According to the manufacturer's website, all weapons can be fired while still, on the move, and afloat with the same effectiveness. The ability to hit targets on the move with missiles was successfully demonstrated during competitive evaluations in the UAE in 1991. The turret is fitted with the 2K23 system, which consists of an autoloader with 22 rounds (the remaining 18 rounds are stored in

460-436: Is a four-speed hydromechanical power unit, with power takeoff to its water jets. The suspension is independent, with a torsion bar and six hydraulic shock absorbers. Steering is by gear differential with hydrostatic drive. The track adjusting mechanism is remotely controlled from the driver's station, with tension force indication. The water-jet propulsion unit is single-stage, axial, auger-type . The hull and turret are made of

506-577: Is located in front of the driver, directly behind the front armour plating. It is specially constructed to act as armour, effective against shaped charge warheads as well as any autocannon shells that managed to go through the front armour. The BMP-3 can create a smoke screen by injecting fuel into the exhaust manifolds. A chemical agent detector, an FVU filtration system, an automatic fire extinguisher and six 902V "Tucha-2" 81 mm smoke grenade launchers are standard. At least two distinct sets of explosive reactive armour kit are currently available, giving

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552-506: Is made more difficult with LWIR because the infrared light is absorbed , scattered , and refracted by air and by water vapor. Some long-wave cameras require their detector to be cryogenically cooled, typically for several minutes before use, although some moderately sensitive infrared cameras do not require this. Many thermal imagers, including some forward-looking infrared cameras (such as some LWIR enhanced vision systems (EVS)) are also uncooled. Medium-wave (MWIR) cameras operate in

598-438: Is one of the most heavily armed infantry combat vehicles in service. The original version has a turret fitted with a low-velocity 2A70 100 mm rifled gun which can fire conventional shells or 9M117 Bastion Anti Tank Guided Missiles (AT-10 Stabber). It carries 40 100 mm rounds and 8 ATGMs. A 2A72 30 mm dual feed autocannon with 500 (300 HEI and 200 AP-T ) rounds and a rate of fire of 350 to 400 rounds per minute and

644-623: Is protected against 12.7 mm machine gun rounds in the range of 100–200 m. Rostec reported in September 2023 that the production of additional protection kits for the BMP-3 increased 30 times in comparison with 2022. The BMP-3 saw action with the Russian forces during the First Chechen War . In 2000, the United Arab Emirates deployed some BMP-3s in peacekeeping operations during

690-743: Is subordinated to the Chief of Armaments and Munitions of the Armed Forces , vice-minister of defense ( nachal'nik vooruzheniya VS RF – zamestitel' Ministra oborony RF ). In January 1943, the Main Automobile Directorate (GAU) of the Red Army was formed. In January 1946, the Main Automobile Directorate of the Red Army was transformed into the Automobile Directorate of the Armed Forces of

736-643: The Kurganmashzavod ("Kurgan Machine Building Plant") some variants however are built by the Rubtsovsk Machine Building Plant (RMZ), for example the BRM-3K. In May 2015, the Russian Defense Ministry signed a three-year contract to receive "hundreds" of BMP-3 vehicles to maintain its armored vehicle force until its replacement, the Kurganets-25 , completes research and development. In the process of

782-559: The Bumerang-BM turret, also known as the B-19 variant. The BMP-3 B-19 took part in the large-scale Russian-Belarusian exercise Zapad in September 2021. In 2022, Russia started to promote to the international market a BMP-3 with a remotely controlled combat module. The batches of vehicles delivered to the Russian troops since 2023 are equipped with the Sodema main sight and extra protection as well as

828-496: The FBI conducted 10 aerial surveillance missions between April 29 and May 3, which included "infrared and day color, full-motion FLIR video evidence" collection, according to FBI spokesman Christopher Allen. A FLIR Talon multi-sensor camera system equipped with an infrared laser pointer (which is invisible to casual observers) for illumination purposes was used to gather data at night. The American Civil Liberties Union raised concerns over

874-682: The Kosovo War . The BMP-3 also saw military use with Emirati forces during the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen , where it is currently deployed. The BMP-3 has been used during the post-2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces. An unknown number have been put into service by the Armed Forces of Ukraine after being captured. Ukrainian anti-tank missiles and attack drones with HEAT warheads have been able to overcome protection systems on

920-496: The Nakidka camouflage system started as of May 2024. BMP-3 infantry combat vehicles started receiving serially outfitted drone suppression systems in June 2024. The standard weight of the vehicle is 18.7 tonnes. If additional armour overlay (metal sheet of armour and Kaktus ERA) is installed, the weight will reach to 22.2 tonnes. The body is covered from the sides and the top. In such kit, it

966-665: The Russian Federation . Объект is often transliterated as objekt, obyekt, ob'yekt, obyect, obiekt , etc. These names are sometimes referred to incorrectly as "industry designation" or "factory names". The initial digit corresponds to the design bureau. FLIR Forward-looking infrared ( FLIR ) cameras, typically used on military and civilian aircraft, use a thermographic camera that senses infrared radiation . The sensors installed in forward-looking infrared cameras, as well as those of other thermal imaging cameras, use detection of infrared radiation, typically emitted from

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1012-532: The Supreme Court of Canada determined that the use of airborne FLIR in surveillance by police was permitted without requiring a search warrant. The Court determined that the general nature of the data gathered by FLIR did not reveal personal information of the occupants and therefore was not in violation of Tessling's Section 8 rights afforded under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982). Ian Binnie distinguished

1058-587: The United States Supreme Court decided in Kyllo v. United States that performing surveillance of private property (ostensibly to detect high emission grow lights used in clandestine cannabis farming) using thermal imaging cameras without a search warrant by law enforcement violates the Fourth Amendment's protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. In the 2004 R. v. Tessling judgment,

1104-410: The 3–5 μm range. These can see almost as well, since those frequencies are less affected by water-vapor absorption, but generally require a more expensive sensor array , along with cryogenic cooling. Many camera systems use digital image processing to improve the image quality. Infrared imaging sensor arrays often have wildly inconsistent sensitivities from pixel to pixel, due to limitations in

1150-450: The AU-220M combat module equipped with a 57 mm cannon. The module can carry 80 rounds and fire 80 rounds per minute including air burst, high-explosive, fragmentation, armor-piercing and guided munitions with a maximum range of 14.5 km (9.0 mi), and can even punch through the side armor of main battle tanks . The vehicle has an unconventional layout. The engine is in the back of

1196-603: The BMP's serial production, the vehicle's design underwent 1,500 amendments. The contract was fully executed in 2017. 200 more received in 2018-2019 and 168 more in production to be delivered in 2020–2021[outdated information] with additional protection. In the Army-2017 show, the Russian Defence Ministry signed a contract covering the first deliveries of an unspecified number of BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) fitted with

1242-420: The BMP-3 added side protection from autocannon fire as well. BMP-3s serial production with ERA started as of November 2022. The BMP-3 also has the ability to carry a Shtora-1 electro-optical jammer that disrupts semiautomatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) antitank guided missiles, laser rangefinders and target designators. Shtora is a soft-kill, or passive-countermeasure system. BMP-3s serial production with

1288-399: The BMP-3 is fitted with a new fire control system from the "Vologda Optical-Mechanical Plant" from Russia. This consists of a Sodema two-plane stabilized gunner's main sight with an integrated laser rangefinder and missile guidance channel plus a SOZH-M thermal imaging camera. Standard equipment includes five firing ports with associated vision blocks, an R-173 transceiver, an R-173P receiver,

1334-658: The BMP-3 protection from less advanced rocket propelled grenades. One of them is the Kaktus ERA kit, which has a unique design that creates minimal acoustic and kinetic backlash to the armour behind it upon detonation, thus ensuring that the occupants will not be harmed by shockwaves from the ERA block. The ERA blocks will completely disintegrate after detonation. According to Kurganmashzavod, the BMP-3 may also be fitted with additional side armor tiles, which can resist .50 caliber armour-piercing ammunition perpendicularly at close ranges. They give

1380-554: The BMP-3 such as reactive and slat armor, so by 2024 they were increasingly being used for indirect fire support. A song titled "Song of the BMP Driver," was written sometime during the First or Second Chechen Wars . The song is from the perspective of a driver of a BMP-3, singing to his girlfriend to wait for him to return home for their wedding. Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks of

1426-603: The Canadian National Aerial Surveillance Program DHC-8M-100 aircraft mounted with infrared sensors was instrumental in the search for Justin Bourque , a fugitive who had killed three Royal Canadian Mounted Police members in Moncton . The plane's crew used its advanced heat-sensing camera to discover Bourque's heat signature in the deep brushwoods at midnight. During 2015 Baltimore protests ,

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1472-506: The Canadian law with respect to the Kyllo judgment, by agreeing with the Kyllo minority that public officials should not have to avert their senses or their equipment from detecting emissions in the public domain such as excessive heat, traces of smoke, suspicious odors, odorless gases, airborne particulates, or radioactive emissions, any of which could identify hazards to the community. In June 2014,

1518-706: The Minister of Defence to never again procure tanks with gas-turbine engines . On November 22, 2019, the Main Armored Directorate was awarded the Diploma of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. GABTU is responsible for assignment of object ( Russian : Объект ) numbers to almost all the tanks and other combat vehicles entering service in the Armed Forces of

1564-754: The Ministry of Defence. In December 1982, the Central Automobile and Tractor Directorate of the Ministry of Defence was renamed the Main Automobile Directorate (GLAVTU) of the Ministry of Defence. In December 1994, the GBTU of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the GLAVTU of the Russian Ministry of Defense were reorganized into the Main Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (GABTU of

1610-614: The Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union#Object numbers The Main Automotive-Armoured Directorate of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation ( Russian : Главное автобронетанковое управление МО РФ , romanized :  Glavnoye Avtobronetankovoye Upravleniye MO RF , abbr. GABTU ; another translation: Main Directorate of Armoured Forces ) is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defence which

1656-615: The Raytheon AN/AAQ-26 are used in a variety of applications, including naval vessels , fixed-wing aircraft , helicopters , armored fighting vehicles , and military-grade smartphones . In warfare, they have three distinct advantages over other imaging technologies: The term "forward-looking" is used to distinguish fixed forward-looking thermal imaging systems from sideways-tracking infrared systems, also known as " push broom " imagers, and other thermal imaging systems such as gimbal-mounted imaging systems, handheld imaging systems, and

1702-475: The Russian Ministry of Defense). Today it is the main developer of military-technical policy in the field of military vehicles and armored weapons and equipment. It is also the main customer and supplier of armored and automotive equipment to the troops. The T-80 performed so poorly that after the First Chechen War that General-Lieutenant A. Galkin, the head of the Main Armour Directorate, convinced

1748-931: The USSR . In 1949, on the basis of the Automotive Directorate of the Armed Forces and the Tractor Directorate of the GAU of the Armed Forces, the Main Automotive and Tractor Directorate (GAVTU) was formed. In 1953, the Main Automotive Directorate was transformed into the Autotractor Directorate (AVTU) of the Ministry of Defence. In 1961, the Autotractor Directorate was transformed into the Central Autotractor Directorate (TSAVTU) of

1794-518: The ability to install ERA. Kurganmashzavod reported in May 2023 that during the first quarter of the year it supplied the same number of vehicles it did in the whole of 2019. In July 2023, Russian Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu stated that the supplies and repair of BMP-3 by Kurganmashzavod had surged 2.1 times since early 2022. Kurganmashzavod reported in early September 2023 that the supply of BMP-3 increased by 3 times at comparison with peacetime. The BMP-3

1840-664: The addition of a second scan mirror, the invention of the first forward-looking infrared camera occurred in 1963, with production beginning in 1966. In 1972, TI introduced the Common Module concept, which greatly reduced costs and allowed for the reuse of common components. The cost of thermal imaging equipment in general has fallen dramatically after inexpensive portable and fixed infrared detectors and systems based on microelectromechanical technology were designed and manufactured for commercial, industrial, and military application. Also, older camera designs used rotating mirrors to scan

1886-427: The hull), a 1V539 ballistic computer, a crosswind sensor, a 2E52-2 stabilising system, a 1D16-3 laser rangefinder, a 1K13-2 gunner's sight/guidance device, a PPB-1 gunner's sight and an OU-5-1 IR searchlight . Optional autoloader for ATGM missiles is also available. The commander has a combined optical sight 1PZ-10, a day/night vision device TKN-3MB and an IR searchlight OU-3GA2. Since 2005, the BMP-3 can be fitted with

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1932-462: The image to a small sensor. More modern cameras no longer use this method; the simplification helps reduce cost. Uncooled technology available in many Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS or EVS) products have reduced the costs to fractions of the price of older cooled technology, with similar performance. EVS is rapidly becoming mainstream on many fixed wing and rotary wing operators from Cirrus and Cessna aircraft to large business jets. In 2001,

1978-531: The like. Pushbroom systems typically have been used on aircraft and satellites. Sideways-tracking imagers normally involve a one-dimensional (1D) array of pixels, which uses the motion of the aircraft or satellite to move the view of the 1D array across the ground to build up a 2D image over time. Such systems cannot be used for real-time imaging and must look perpendicular to the direction of travel. In 1956, Texas Instruments began research on infrared technology that led to several line scanner contracts and, with

2024-403: The manufacturing process. To remedy this, the response of each pixel is measured at the factory, and a transform, most often linear, maps the measured input signal to an output level. Some companies offer advanced "fusion" technologies that blend a visible-spectrum image with an infrared-spectrum image to produce better results than a single-spectrum image alone. Thermal imaging cameras such as

2070-567: The two-man turret. Early models were powered by a 450 hp engine UTD-29, but most BMP-3s are now equipped with the 500 hp UTD-29M version. The engine was developed at the Transmash Diesel Engine Plant in Barnaul. The BMP-3 has a range of 600 km, an altitude of operation of up to 3,000 m and it is transportable by train, truck, sea, and air. The BMP-3 engine is a diesel four-stroke, liquid-cooled design. The transmission

2116-424: The vehicle to the right (unlike most other IFVs, which have the engine located forward in the hull). As a result, the driver is seated forward in the hull (in the center) together with two infantrymen (one on each side of the driver). The vehicle has a double bottom, and the engine is located under the floor of the vehicle (troops enter/leave the vehicle over the engine). The remaining five infantrymen are seated aft of

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