The Avenue Hoche is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris , France.
41-704: The avenue runs the intersection at 67, Rue de Courcelles and the Place du Général-Brocard all the way to the Place Charles de Gaulle and its Arc de Triomphe , in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. Originally named the Boulevard de Monceau, the Avenue Hoche was first opened in 1854 between the Rue de Tilsitt and the Place de l'Etoile. Three years later, it was extended from the Rue de Tilsitt to
82-529: A bank, and newspaper kiosks along the avenue. Paris Métro Line 1 runs under the Champs-Élysées. Several stations are located along it - stations from west to east are: Charles de Gaulle – Étoile at the street's west end at Arc de Triomphe , George V by the Hôtel George-V , Franklin D. Roosevelt at the rond-point des Champs-Élysées, Champs-Élysées – Clemenceau at place Clemenceau and Concorde at
123-572: A diameter of 241 metres (791 ft), giving it an area of approximately 4.55 hectares (11.2 acres). It is the second largest square in Paris , after the Place de la Concorde (8.64 hectares). At the centre of the square stands the Arc de Triomphe , which is accessible via a pedestrian underpass, to avoid the confluence of vehicular traffic from the juncture of twelve radiating avenues. The twelve avenues , clockwise from
164-648: A first effort to stem these changes, the City of Paris (which has called this trend " banalisation ") initially decided in 2007 to prohibit the Swedish clothing chain H&;M from opening a store on the avenue; however, a large H&M store opened two years later at 88 Champs-Élysées. In 2008, American clothing chain Abercrombie & Fitch was given permission to open a store. The Champs-Élysées has mid-size shopping malls, extending
205-410: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Place Charles de Gaulle The Place Charles de Gaulle ( French: [plas ʃaʁl də ɡol] ), historically known as the Place de l'Étoile ( French: [plas də letwal] ), is a large road junction in Paris , France , the meeting point of twelve straight avenues (hence its historic name, which translates as "Square of
246-462: Is also served by Line 2 and serves as the western terminus of Line 6 . Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es The Avenue des Champs-Élysées ( UK : / ˌ ʃ ɒ̃ z eɪ ˈ l iː z eɪ , ɛ -/ , US : / ʃ ɒ̃ z ˌ eɪ l i ˈ z eɪ / ; French: [av(ə)ny de ʃɑ̃z‿elize] ) is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris , France, 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide, running between
287-661: Is the oldest standing committee in Paris. The committee has always dedicated itself to seeking public projects to enhance the avenue's unique atmosphere, and to lobby the authorities for extended business hours and to organizing special events. Today, the committee, in coordination with other professional organisations, may review with the Parisian administration the addition to the avenue of new businesses whose floor area would exceed 1000 square meters. The arrival of global chain stores in recent years has strikingly changed its character, and in
328-852: The Axe historique ) and Rue de Tilsitt (north of the Axe historique ), after the diplomatic successes of Napoleon which led to the signing of the Treaty of Presbourg in 1805 and the Treaties of Tilsit in 1807. Since 1921, beneath the Arc de Triomphe lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier . After the death of President Charles de Gaulle in 1970, the Place de l'Étoile was renamed the Place Charles de Gaulle. The Place Charles de Gaulle has
369-615: The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile was built to the design of Jean Chalgrin . It was originally commissioned by Emperor Napoleon I during the First French Empire and inaugurated three decades later by King Louis Philippe I under the July Monarchy . The avenues radiating from the Place de l'Étoile were created during the Second French Empire of Emperor Napoleon III as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris . The square
410-636: The French Revolution , two equestrian statues, made in 1745 by Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou, were transferred from the former royal palace at Marly and placed at the beginning of the boulevard and park. After the downfall of Napoleon and the restoration of the French monarchy, the trees had to be replanted, because the occupation armies of the Russians, British, and Prussians during the Hundred Days had camped in
451-607: The Paris Opera , in 1883. Throughout its history, the avenue has been the site of military parades; the most famous were the victory parades of German troops in 1871 and again in 1940 celebrating the Fall of France on 14 July 1940, and the three most joyous were the parades celebrating the Allied victory in the First World War in 1919, and the parades of Free French and American forces after
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#1732845155000492-550: The Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located. It is known for its theatres, cafés, and luxury shops; as the finish of the Tour de France cycling race; and for its annual Bastille Day military parade . The name is French for the Elysian Fields , the place for dead heroes in Greek mythology . It has been described as
533-671: The Third French Republic became the official residence of the Presidents of France. The park served again as an exposition site during the Universal Exposition of 1900 ; it became the home of the Grand Palais and Petit Palais . It also became the home of a new panorama theater, designed by Gabriel Davioud , the chief architect of Napoleon III, in 1858. The modern theater Marigny was built by Charles Garnier , architect of
574-526: The Tuileries Palace , which had been built in 1564, and which Le Nôtre had rebuilt in his own formal style for Louis XIV in 1664. Le Nôtre planned a wide promenade between the palace and the modern Rond Point, lined with two rows of elm trees on either side, and flowerbeds in the symmetrical style of the French formal garden . The new boulevard was called the "Grand Cours", or "Grand Promenade". It did not take
615-431: The first round of voting in the 2017 French presidential election . On 19 June 2017, a suspected terrorist drove a munitions-laden car into a police vehicle on the Champs-Élysées. The attacker was then shot dead. On 16 March 2019, Gilets Jaunes protests on the Champs-Élysées erupted into violence. A portion of the 10,000 protesters in the city, about 1,500 people, looted and/or set on fire some 80 shops, restaurants,
656-583: The largest military parade in Europe passes down the Champs-Élysées, reviewed by the President of the Republic . Every year during Advent , Christmastide , and Epiphany , the 'Champs-Élysées' Committee contribute for the holidays seasons lighting of the Champs-Élysées. This generally occurs from late November until early January. From 1975 to 2023, the last stage of the Tour de France cycling race has finished on
697-473: The "most beautiful avenue in the whole world". The avenue runs for 1.91 km (1.19 mi) through the 8th arrondissement in northwestern Paris , from the Place de la Concorde in the east, with the Obelisk of Luxor , to the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly the Place de l'Étoile ) in the west, location of the Arc de Triomphe . The Champs-Élysées forms part of the Axe historique . The lower part of
738-529: The 100,000 pedestrians who visited the Champs-Élysées each day in 2019 were tourists and another 22% worked there. At the beginning of 2021, the Mayor of Paris , Anne Hidalgo , announced that the city would transform the Champs-Élysées into an "extraordinary garden" which will reduce the space for auto traffic by half, add more pedestrian space, and create "tunnels of trees" for improved air quality. A walkway will connect over 200 acres of green space stretching between
779-565: The Arc de Triomphe, the Place de la Concorde, and the Tuileries Gardens. The city intends to adopt the plans formulated by the Champs-Élysées Committee, which has been campaigning for a redesign of the avenue since 2018 and which held a public consultation as to what the redesign should include. The plans are meant to make the avenue more "ecological, desirable and inclusive," and will cost an estimated €250 million. It will include
820-506: The Avenue itself. The Champs-Élysées ends at the Arc de Triomphe , built to honor the victories of Napoléon Bonaparte . Until the reign of Louis XIV , the land where the Champs-Élysées runs today was largely occupied by fields and kitchen gardens. The Champs-Élysées and its gardens were originally laid out in 1667 by André Le Nôtre as an extension of the Tuileries Garden , the gardens of
861-673: The Champs-Élysées, from the Place de la Concorde to the Rond-Point, runs through the Jardin des Champs-Élysées , a park which contains the Grand Palais , the Petit Palais , the Théâtre Marigny , and several restaurants, gardens, and monuments. The Élysée Palace on the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré — official residence of the President of the French Republic —borders the park, but is not on
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#1732845155000902-500: The Champs-Élysées. Between 1854 and 1870, Napoléon III orchestrated the reconstruction of the French capital. The medieval centre of the city was demolished and replaced with broad tree-lined boulevards, covered walkways and arcades. In 1855, Emperor Napoleon III selected the park at the beginning of the avenue as the site of the first great international exposition to be held in Paris, the Exposition Universelle . The park
943-578: The Champs-Élysées. The subsequent awards ceremony also takes place directly on the avenue. In 1995, terror attacks by Algerian militants took place in France; one attack took place at the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, wounding 17. Huge gatherings occasionally take place on the Champs-Élysées in celebration of popular events, such as New Year's Eve, or when France won the FIFA World Cup in 1998 and 2018 . The Champs-Élysées has occasionally been
984-571: The Place de l'Étoile. In 1787, the Wall of the Ferme générale ( Mur des Fermiers généraux ), and the two buildings of the Barrière de l'Étoile (also known as the Barrière de Neuilly ) were built to the design of Claude Nicolas Ledoux for the collection of the octroi tax at the entrance to Paris. They were located on either side of the Place de l'Étoile until their demolition after 1859. Between 1806 and 1836,
1025-457: The Rue de Courcelles. It was later renamed in honour of General Lazare Hoche . French royalist and general Athanase-Charles-Marie Charette de la Contrie lived there after the royal family was removed from the Palace of Versailles . 48°52′34″N 2°18′02″E / 48.8761°N 2.3006°E / 48.8761; 2.3006 This Parisian road or road transport-related article
1066-529: The Star") including the Champs-Élysées . It was renamed in 1970, following the death of President Charles de Gaulle . It is still often referred to by its original name; the nearby Métro and RER station retains the designation Charles de Gaulle–Étoile . Paris's Axe historique ("historical axis") cuts through the Arc de Triomphe , which stands at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle. The original name of
1107-667: The architect Mariano Ruiz de Chavez was commissioned to redesign the Place de la Concorde and the gardens of the Champs-Élysées. He kept the formal gardens and flowerbeds essentially intact, but turned the garden into a sort of outdoor amusement park, with a summer garden café, the Alcazar d'eté; two restaurants, the Ledoyen and the restaurant de l'Horloge; a theater, the Lacaze; the Panorama, built in 1839, where large historical paintings were displayed; and
1148-476: The area was the Butte Chaillot ("Chaillot Mound", named after the locality). At the time, it was the point of convergence of several hunting trails. The Marquis de Marigny constructed monumental roadworks, completed in 1777, on the mound when he was establishing the plantations along the Champs-Élysées . The junction included paving of the road in the form of a star, as it still exists today and became known as
1189-489: The avenue has been closed to motor traffic on the first Sunday of every month, in an effort to cut pollution in the city. A 2019 article in The Guardian stated that the avenue "has more and more visitors and big name businesses battle to be on it, but to French people it's looking worn out.” It has also become mainly a tourist attraction, which Parisians largely avoid. According to the architect Philippe Chiambaretta, 72% of
1230-405: The cirque d'eté (1841), a large hall for popular theater, musical, and circus performances. He also placed several ornamental fountains around the park, of which three are still in place. In 1846, Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, the future Napoleon III , Emperor of the French, lived for a brief period in lodgings just off Lord Street, Southport . It is claimed the street is the inspiration behind
1271-475: The late 19th century, the Champs-Élysées had become a fashionable avenue; the trees on either side had grown enough to form rectangular groves ( cabinets de verdure ). The gardens of the town houses of the nobility built along the Faubourg Saint-Honoré backed onto the formal gardens. The grandest of the private mansions near the Avenue was the Élysée Palace , a private residence of the nobility which during
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1312-561: The liberation of the city, respectively, the French 2nd Armored Division on 25 August 1944, and the US 28th Infantry Division on 29 August 1944. In 1860, the merchants joined to form the Syndicat d'Initiative et de Défense des Champs-Élysées , an association to promote commerce along the avenue. In 1980, the group changed its name to the Comité des Champs-Élysées and to Comité Champs-Élysées in 2008. It
1353-557: The name of Champs-Élysées until 1709. In 1710 the avenue was extended beyond the Rond-Point as far as the modern Place d'Étoile. In 1765 the garden was remade in the Le Nôtre style by Abel François Poisson , the marquis de Marigny, brother of the Madame de Pompadour and Director-General of the King's Buildings. Marigny extended the avenue again in 1774 as far as the modern Porte Maillot . Following
1394-441: The north, are the following: The Place Charles de Gaulle is symmetrical and thus has six axes: The Place Charles de Gaulle (as well as the Arc de Triomphe ) is split between the 8th , 16th and 17th arrondissements of Paris. The 8th arrondissement encompasses the area between Avenue de Wagram and Avenue Marceau (to the east). The 16th arrondissement encompasses the area between Avenue Marceau and Avenue de la Grande Armée (to
1435-680: The park and used the trees for firewood. The avenue from the Rond-Point to the Étoile was built up during the Empire . The major monument of the Boulevard, the Arc de Triomphe , had been commissioned by Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz , but it was not finished when he fell from power in 1815. The monument remained unfinished until 1833–1836, when it was completed by King Louis Philippe . The Champs-Élysées itself became city property in 1828, and footpaths, fountains, and, later, gas lighting were added. In 1834, under King Louis Philippe I ,
1476-954: The shopping area: Élysées 26 (26) with Agatha jewellery and l'Eclaireur fashion, Galeries du Claridge (74) with Annick Goutal perfumes, Fnac, Paul & Shark, Arcades des Champs-Élysées (78) with Starbucks. The list of fashion stores include Adidas (22), Abercrombie & Fitch (23), Zara (40, 44), J.M. Weston (55), Foot Locker (66), Longchamp (77), Nike (79), Levi's (76), H&M (88), Morgan (92), Lacoste (93–95), Marks & Spencer (100), Louis Vuitton (101), Hugo Boss (115), Massimo Dutti (116), Petit Bateau (116), Milady (120), Dior (127), Celio (146, 150). The list of perfume stores include Guerlain (68) (Le 68 de Guy Martin), Sephora multi brand (70), Yves Rocher (102). Jewellers: Tiffany & Co. (62), Bulgari (136), Swarovski (146), Cartier (154). Book and music store: FNAC (74). The list of car show-rooms include Citroen (42), Renault (53), Toyota (79), Mercedes (118), Peugeot (136). Every year on Bastille Day on 14 July,
1517-427: The site of large political protest meetings. On 20 April 2017, a police officer was shot dead on the Champs-Élysées by an extremist and two other officers were injured. They were all sitting in a parked police van, when the attacker pulled up in front of the van. The attacker tried to shoot civilians (including a tourist) and was immediately shot dead by other police on the spot. The shooting happened two days before
1558-420: The south and west). The 17th arrondissement encompasses the area between Avenue de la Grande Armée and Avenue de Wagram (to the north). La Place de l'Étoile is the title of a novel by French writer Patrick Modiano . The Place Charles de Gaulle is served by Métro and RER services. Line 1 , as well as RER A , run under the Avenue de la Grande Armée and Champs-Élysées and stop at the station. The station
1599-555: The southern end of the avenue, where the Place de la Concorde is located. The Champs-Élysées has encountered rising problems with air pollution from the estimated 3,000 vehicles per hour which drive through its eight lanes. It is more polluted than the Périphérique ring road which encircles the city, with nitrogen dioxide levels twice as high as the recommended limit set by the World Health Organization . Since 2016,
1640-401: Was completely redesigned with avenues de Bezons (now Wagram ), Joséphine (now Marceau ), Kléber , de Saint-Cloud (now Victor-Hugo ), Essling (now Carnot), Prince-Jérôme (now Mac-Mahon and Niel) forming with the Champs-Élysées and other existing avenues a star around the Arc de Triomphe . In 1864, the circular street surrounding the Place de l'Étoile was named Rue de Presbourg (south of
1681-729: Was the location of the Palace of Industry, a giant exhibit hall which covered thirty thousand square meters, where the Grand Palais is today. In 1858, following the Exposition, the Emperor's prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann , had the gardens transformed from a formal French garden into a picturesque English style garden, based on a small town called Southport, with groves of trees, flowerbeds, and winding paths. The rows of elm trees, which were in poor health, were replaced by rows of chestnut trees. By