114-485: The Australian Party was a political party founded and led by former Australian prime minister Billy Hughes after his expulsion from the Nationalist Party . The party was formed in 1929, and at its peak had four members of federal parliament . It was merged into the new United Australia Party in 1931, having never contested a federal election. Billy Hughes was a former prime minister who had been successively
228-739: A Georgist , a street-corner speaker, president of the Balmain Single Tax League , and joined the Australian Socialist League . He was an organiser with the Australian Workers' Union and may have already joined the newly formed Labor Party. In 1894, Hughes spent eight months in central New South Wales organising for the Amalgamated Shearers' Union of Australasia and then won the Electoral district of Sydney-Lang of
342-430: A line cook , but at one point supposedly had to resort to living in a cave on The Domain for a few days. Hughes eventually found a steady job at a forge, making hinges for colonial ovens. Around the same time, he entered into a common-law marriage with Elizabeth Cutts, his landlady's daughter; they had six children together. In 1890, Hughes moved to Balmain . The following year, with his wife's financial assistance, he
456-524: A newspaper of record for Australia. The print edition of The Sydney Morning Herald is available for purchase from many retail outlets throughout the Sydney metropolitan area, most parts of regional New South Wales , the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland . The Sydney Morning Herald publishes a variety of supplements, including the magazines Good Weekend (included in
570-414: A vote of confidence in his leadership by his party, resigned as prime minister. However, there were no credible alternative candidates. For this reason, Munro-Ferguson used his reserve power to immediately re-commission Hughes, thus allowing him to remain as prime minister while keeping his promise to resign. The government replaced the first-past-the-post electoral system applying to both houses of
684-618: A biting tongue, the consultations between them were not agreeable to either". In reaction to Hughes's campaign for conscription, on 15 September 1916 the NSW executive of the Political Labour League (the state Labor Party organisation at the time) expelled him and other leading New South Wales pro-conscription advocates from the Labor movement. Hughes remained as leader of the federal parliamentary Labor Party until, at 14 November caucus meeting,
798-587: A day in Australia if it tampered with a White Australia ...The position is this – either the Japanese proposal means something or it means nothing: if the former, out with it; if the latter, why have it?"{ He later said that "the right of the state to determine the conditions under which persons shall enter its territories cannot be impaired without reducing it to a vassal state", adding: "When I offered to accept it provided that words were incorporated making it clear that it
912-740: A fellow Labor minister, was a prominent example of his combative style. Hughes was also the club patron for the Glebe Rugby League team in the debut year of Rugby League in Australia, in 1908. Hughes was one of a number of prominent Labor politicians who were aligned with the Rugby League movement in Sydney in 1908. Rugby League was borne out of a player movement against the Metropolitan Rugby Union who refused to compensate players for downtime from their jobs due to injuries sustained playing Rugby Union. Labor politicians aligned themselves with
1026-519: A former Labor man) to turn their wartime coalition into a formal party. This was the Nationalist Party of Australia , which was formally launched in February. Although the Liberals were the larger partner in the merger, Hughes emerged as the new party's leader, with Cook as his deputy. The presence of several working-class figures—including Hughes—in what was basically an upper- and middle-class party allowed
1140-456: A group of white stockmen, the paper published a long letter from a squatter in defence the killings. The squatter described the Indigenous inhabitants of Australia as "the most degenerate, despicable, and brutal race of beings in existence", writing: "they will, and must become extinct – civilization destroys them – where labor and industry flourish, they die!" The Herald 's editorialisation on
1254-591: A member of the Labor Party , the National Labor Party , and the Nationalist Party . By 1928, he was the de facto leader of a group of backbenchers hostile to the government of Stanley Bruce (who had replaced him as Nationalist leader in 1923). He and his supporters began to frequently cross the floor and vote against the government, particularly on the controversial subject of industrial relations. On 22 August 1929, Hughes and Edward Mann were expelled from
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#17328448387301368-668: A no-confidence motion against him was passed. Hughes and 24 others, including almost all of the Parliamentary talent, walked out to form a new party heeding Hughes's cry "Let those who think like me, follow me." This left behind the 43 members of the Industrialists and Unionists factions. That same evening Hughes tendered his resignation to the Governor-General, received a commission to form a new Government, and had his recommendations accepted. Years later, Hughes said, "I did not leave
1482-617: A quickening power of the national spirit as perhaps no other orator since Chatham ever aroused". In July 1916 Hughes was a member of the British delegation at the Paris Economic Conference , which met to decide what economic measures to take against Germany. This was the first time an Australian representative had attended an international conference. Hughes was a strong supporter of Australia's participation in World War I and, after
1596-635: A response to the emergence of the Country Party, so that the non-Labor vote would not be split, as it would have been under the previous first-past-the-post system. In early 1916, Hughes established the Advisory Council on Science and Industry, the first national body for scientific research and the first iteration of what is now the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The council had no basis in legislation, and
1710-511: A small stipend. At St Stephen's, Hughes came into contact with the poet Matthew Arnold , who was an examiner and inspector for the local school district. Arnold – who coincidentally had holidayed at Llandudno – took a liking to Hughes, and gifted him a copy of the Complete Works of Shakespeare ; Hughes credited Arnold with instilling his lifelong love of literature. After finishing his initial apprenticeship, Hughes stayed on at St Stephen's as
1824-599: A split within Labor ranks. Hughes and his supporters were expelled from the party in November 1916, but he was able to remain in power at the head of the new National Labor Party , which after a few months merged with the Liberals to form the Nationalist Party . His government was re-elected with large majorities at the 1917 and 1919 elections . Hughes established the forerunners of the Australian Federal Police and
1938-666: A teaching assistant. He had no interest in teaching as a career though, and also declined Matthew Arnold's offer to secure him a clerkship at Coutts . His relative financial security allowed him to pursue his own interests for the first time, which included bellringing, boating on the Thames, and travel (such as a two-day trip to Paris). He also joined a volunteer battalion of the Royal Fusiliers , which consisted mainly of artisans and white-collar workers. In later life, Hughes recalled London as "a place of romance, mystery and suggestion". At
2052-681: A trade unionist, and like most of the Australian working class was very strongly opposed to Asian immigration to Australia (excluding Asian immigration was a popular cause with unions in Canada, the U.S., Australia and New Zealand in the early 20th century). Hughes believed that accepting the Racial Equality Clause would mean the end of the White Australia policy that had been adopted in 1901, one of his subordinates writing: "No Gov't could live for
2166-634: A vast distance had never been attempted by air; the first ocean crossing by aircraft occurred only months later in June 1919. Despite the risks of such a venture, Hughes' eagerness to see Australia at the forefront of technological development and in a central position in world affairs, had him seeking the support of his cabinet for a scheme to establish a Britain–Australia route. A February 1919 cable from Hughes said: "Several Australian aviators are desirous of attempting flight London to Australia they are all first-class men and very keen your thoughts", and also advised
2280-584: A word, indicated at the end that he was still of the same opinion. Whereupon the President asked him slowly and solemnly: "Mr. Hughes, am I to understand that if the whole civilised world asks Australia to agree to a mandate in respect of these islands, Australia is prepared still to defy the appeal of the whole civilised world?” Mr. Hughes answered: "That's about the size of it, President Wilson". Mr. Massey grunted his assent of this abrupt defiance. However, South Africa's Louis Botha intervened on Wilson's side, and
2394-495: Is a list of The Sydney Morning Herald 's former journalists. After 40 years as art critic , John McDonald was sacked in September 2024. Fairfax went public in 1957 and grew to acquire interests in magazines, radio, and television. The group collapsed spectacularly on 11 December 1990 when Warwick Fairfax , who was the great-great-grandson of John Fairfax, attempted to privatise the group by borrowing $ 1.8 billion. The group
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#17328448387302508-633: Is also sometimes affectionately known as Granny's Column, after a fictional grandmother who supposedly edited it. The column's original logo was a caricature of Sydney Deamer , originator of the column and its author for 14 years. It was edited for 15 years by George Richards, who retired on 31 January 2004. Other editors besides Deamer and Richards have been Duncan Thompson, Bill Fitter, Col Allison, Jim Cunningham, Pat Sheil, and briefly, Peter Bowers and Lenore Nicklin. The column is, as of March 2017, edited by Herald journalist Tim Barlass, who frequently appends reader contributions with puns; and who made
2622-552: The War Precautions Act 1914 was particularly controversial. His former colleagues in the Labor Party considered him a traitor, while conservatives were suspicious of what they viewed as his socialist economic policies. He was extremely popular among the general public, particularly ex-servicemen, who affectionately nicknamed him "the little digger ". Hughes was born on 25 September 1862, at 7 Moreton Place, Pimlico , London,
2736-475: The Australian Party , which in 1931 merged into the new United Australia Party (UAP). He returned to cabinet in 1934, and became known for his prescient warnings against Japanese imperialism. As late as 1939, he missed out on a second stint as prime minister by only a handful of votes, losing the 1939 United Australia Party leadership election to Robert Menzies . Hughes is generally acknowledged as one of
2850-519: The CSIRO during the war, and also created a number of new state-owned enterprises to aid the post-war economy. He made a significant impression on other world leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference , where he secured Australian control of the former German New Guinea . At the 1922 Australian federal election , the Nationalists lost their majority in parliament and were forced to form a coalition with
2964-690: The Coalition at the 2013 and 2016 federal elections , the newspaper endorsed Bill Shorten 's Labor Party in 2019 , after Malcolm Turnbull was ousted as prime minister. At the state level, the Herald has consistently backed the Coalition; the only time since 1973 that it has endorsed a Labor government for New South Wales was Bob Carr 's government in the 2003 election , though it declined to endorse either party three times during this period. The Herald endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in
3078-474: The Country Party . Hughes's resignation was the price for Country Party support, and he was succeeded as prime minister by Stanley Bruce . He became one of Bruce's leading critics over time, and in 1928, following a dispute over industrial relations, he and his supporters crossed the floor on a confidence motion and brought down the government. After a period as an independent, Hughes formed his own organisation,
3192-446: The National Labor Party and began laying the groundwork for forming a party that they felt would be both avowedly nationalist as well as socially radical. Hughes was forced to conclude a confidence and supply agreement with the opposition Commonwealth Liberal Party to stay in office. A few months later, the Governor-General, Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar , persuaded Hughes and Liberal Party leader Joseph Cook (himself
3306-668: The National Library of Australia . In March 2024, David Swan, technology editor of SMH and The Age , won the 2023 Gold Lizzie for Best Journalist of the Year at the IT Journalism Awards. He also won Best Technology Journalist and Best Telecommunications Journalist, and was highly commended in the Best Technology Issues category. With The Age , SMH also won Best Consumer Technology Coverage and were highly commended in
3420-647: The New South Wales Legislative Assembly by 105 votes. While in Parliament he became secretary of the Wharf Labourer's Union. In 1900 he founded and became first national president of the Waterside Workers' Union. During this period Hughes studied law, and was admitted as a barrister in 1903. Unlike most Labor men, he was a strong supporter of Federation and Georgism . In 1901 Hughes
3534-575: The New South Wales Legislative Assembly in July 1930, in the Lane Cove constituency . With Frederick Dunn (a former mayor of Lane Cove ) as its candidate, the party polled 25.6% of the vote, putting it in third place behind Labor (30.7%) and the Nationalists (43.5%). Despite it being a safe seat for the Nationalists, it was suggested by some that the Australian Party would have won if Labor had not contested
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3648-573: The Queensland Defence Force and the Queensland Maritime Defence Force . Hughes's accounts are by their nature unverifiable, and his biographers have cast doubt on their veracity – Fitzhardinge states that they were embellished at best and at worst "a world of pure fantasy". Hughes moved to Sydney in about mid-1886, working his way there as a deckhand and galley cook aboard SS Maranoa . He found occasional work as
3762-458: The Sydney Herald , the Herald is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia and claims to be the most widely read masthead in the country. The newspaper is published in compact print form from Monday to Saturday as The Sydney Morning Herald and on Sunday as its sister newspaper, The Sun-Herald and digitally as an online site and app , seven days a week. It is considered
3876-576: The Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, Column 8 moved to the back page of the first section from 31 July 2000. As at February 2024, the column is the final column on the Opinion (editorial and letters) pages. The content tends to the quirky, typically involving strange urban occurrences, instances of confusing signs (often in Engrish ), word play , and discussion of more or less esoteric topics. The column
3990-434: The 1929 election, Hughes made unsuccessful attempts to rejoin both the Nationalists and the Labor Party, in the hopes that he could return as prime minister. He eventually resolved to form his own party, which he hoped would secure the balance of power . The new party was launched on 2 December 1929. Three other federal MPs joined Hughes as members— Walter Marks , George Maxwell , and Senator Walter Duncan . The press regarded
4104-550: The Australian Party as a simply a vehicle for Hughes' ambitions; The Sun , a Sydney tabloid , was the only newspaper to give it favourable publicity. The party claimed 75 branches and 4,000 members at its peak, but the only real activity took place in the electorates of its MPs. It was predominantly based in New South Wales, with a limited presence in Victoria and abortive attempts to expand to South Australia. Hughes and Marks were
4218-467: The Australian Party to the left of the federal Labor government on economic issues, and close to the radical views held by Lang Labor . The Sun withdrew its support of the party, and Walter Marks resigned his membership, citing Hughes' failure to consult him. The Australian Party virtually ceased to exist after the 1930 state election. On 15 April 1931, John Latham —the Nationalist leader and leader of
4332-692: The Federal Parliament under the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1903 with a preferential system for the House of Representatives in 1918. That preferential system has essentially applied ever since. A multiple majority-preferential system was introduced at the 1919 Australian federal election for the Senate, and that remained in force until it was changed to a quota-preferential system of proportional representation in 1948. Those changes were considered to be
4446-508: The Germans did not pay an indemnity". At the Treaty negotiations, Hughes was the most prominent opponent of the inclusion of Japan's Racial Equality Proposal , which as a result of lobbying by him and others was not included in the final Treaty. His position on this issue reflected the racist attitudes dominant among white Australians; informing David Lloyd George that he would leave the conference if
4560-560: The Industrialists (Socialists) such as Frank Anstey , were bitterly opposed to this, especially in the wake of what was regarded by many Irish Australians (most of whom were Roman Catholics) as Britain's excessive response to the Easter Rising of 1916. In October, Hughes held a national plebiscite for conscription , but it was narrowly defeated. The enabling legislation was the Military Service Referendum Act 1916 and
4674-543: The Labor Party, The party left me." The timing of Hughes's expulsion from the Labor Party meant that he became the first Labor leader who never led the party to an election. On 15 November, Frank Tudor was elected unopposed as the new leader of the Federal Parliamentary Australian Labor Party. Term of government (1915–1923) Ministries Elections Hughes and his followers, which included many of Labor's early leaders, called themselves
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4788-535: The Nationalist Party for voting in favour of an unsuccessful censure motion against the government. Tensions finally came to a head on 10 September, when Hughes successfully moved an amendment to the government's flagship Maritime Industries Bill. Bruce took this to be a vote of no confidence , and called an election for 12 October . Labor under James Scullin won a landslide victory, while Hughes and two other ex-Nationalists were re-elected as independents. After
4902-487: The Nationalists to convey an image of national unity. At the same time, he became and remains a traitor in Labor histories. At the 1917 Australian federal election Hughes and the Nationalists won a huge electoral victory, which was magnified by the large number of Labor MPs who followed him out of the party. At this election Hughes gave up his working-class Sydney seat and was elected for the Division of Bendigo , after he won
5016-470: The Nationalists, citing policy differences. The party secretary, W. F. Jackson, did likewise in August, personally attacking Hughes in an open letter to The Sydney Morning Herald . In September, Hughes published a 16-page pamphlet titled "Bond or Free? Sir Otto Niemeyer ’s Report", which sold nearly 50,000 copies in a month (at threepence each). It was widely quoted in newspapers. The statement effectively placed
5130-526: The Paris Peace Conference, Hughes clashed with Wilson. When Wilson reminded him that he spoke for only a few million people, Hughes replied: "I speak for 60,000 dead. How many do you speak for?" The British Dominions of New Zealand, South Africa and Australia argued their case to keep their occupied German possessions of German Samoa, German South West Africa, and German New Guinea respectively; these territories were given as " Class C Mandates " to
5244-747: The Reparations Committee, with Walter Cunliffe, 1st Baron Cunliffe and John Hamilton, 1st Viscount Sumner . When the Imperial Cabinet met to discuss the Hughes Report, Winston Churchill asked Hughes if he had considered the effects that reparations would have on working-class German households. Hughes replied that "the Committee had been more concerned in considering the effects upon the working-class households in Great Britain, or in Australia, if
5358-885: The Saturday edition of The Sydney Morning Herald ); and Sunday Life . There are a variety of lift-outs, some of them co-branded with online classified-advertising sites: The executive editor is James Chessell and the editor is Bevan Shields. Tory Maguire is national editor, Monique Farmer is life editor, and the publisher is chief digital and publishing officer Chris Janz. Former editors include Darren Goodsir, Judith Whelan , Sean Aylmer, Peter Fray, Meryl Constance, Amanda Wilson (the first female editor, appointed in 2011), William Curnow , Andrew Garran , Frederick William Ward (editor from 1884 to 1890), Charles Brunsdon Fletcher , Colin Bingham, Max Prisk, John Alexander, Paul McGeough , Alan Revell, Alan Oakley , and Lisa Davies. The Sydney Herald
5472-631: The age of 22, finding his prospects in London dim, Hughes decided to emigrate to Australia. Taking advantage of an assisted-passage scheme offered by the Colony of Queensland , he arrived in Brisbane on 8 December 1884 after a two-month journey. On arrival, he gave his year of birth as 1864, a deception that was not uncovered until after his death. Hughes attempted to find work with the Education Department, but
5586-465: The ambitious Hughes who wanted Australia to be firmly recognised on the world stage. By 1915 Fisher's health was suffering and, in October, he resigned and was succeeded by Hughes. In social policy, Hughes introduced an institutional pension for pensioners in benevolent asylums , equal to the difference between the 'act of grace' payment to the institution and the rate of IP. From March to June 1916, Hughes
5700-480: The blessing of the British, Hughes felt alarm at this turn of events. With reference to Hughes's actions at the Peace Conference, the historian Ernest Scott said that although Hughes failed to secure sovereignty over the conquered German islands or relief for Australia's war debts, "both he and his countrymen found satisfaction with his achievements. By characteristic methods he had gained single-handed at least
5814-528: The cabinet of the advantages that such a groundbreaking flight would offer Australia: "would be a great advertisement for Australia and would concentrate the eyes of the world on us." A month later, the acting prime minister of Australia, William Watt , announced: "With a view to stimulating aerial activity, the Commonwealth Government has decided to offer £10,000 for the first successful flight to Australia from Great Britain." The reward would go to
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#17328448387305928-529: The clause was adopted, Hughes clarified his opposition by announcing at a meeting that "ninety-five out of one hundred Australians rejected the very idea of equality." Hughes offered to accept the clause so long as it did not affect immigration policy but the Japanese turned the offer down. Lloyd George said that the clause "was aimed at the restrictions and disabilities which were imposed by certain states against Japanese emigration and Japanese settlers already within their borders". Hughes had entered politics as
6042-759: The competition, was present to greet the crew of the Vimy when it landed. In 1919 Hughes, with former prime minister Joseph Cook , travelled to Paris to attend the Versailles Peace Conference . He remained away for 16 months, and signed the Treaty of Versailles on behalf of Australia – the first time Australia had signed an international treaty. At a meeting of the Imperial War Cabinet on 30 December 1918, Hughes warned that if they "were not very careful, we should find ourselves dragged quite unnecessarily behind
6156-420: The conference, as safe as it was on the day when it was first adopted. Japan was notably offended by Hughes's position on the issue. Like Jan Smuts of South Africa, Hughes was concerned by the rise of Japan. Within months of the declaration of the European War in 1914, Japan, Australia and New Zealand had seized all German territorial possessions in the Pacific. Though Japan had occupied German possessions with
6270-401: The constitution to increase the federal government's powers over commerce and industrial relations. In general the party platform put forward few specifics, and the party was almost wholly reliant on the personal appeal of Hughes for its support. Notes Citations Billy Hughes William Morris Hughes (25 September 1862 – 28 October 1952) was an Australian politician who served as
6384-418: The content in the print edition. Around the same time, the organisation moved from Jones Street to new offices at Darling Park and built a new printing press at Chullora , in the city's west. The SMH later moved with other Sydney Fairfax divisions to a building at Darling Island. In May 2007, Fairfax Media announced it would be moving from a broadsheet format to the smaller compact or tabloid-size , in
6498-517: The decision to reduce the column's publication from its traditional six days a week, down to just weekdays. The Opinion section is a regular of the daily newspaper, containing opinion on a wide range of issues. Mostly concerned with relevant political, legal and cultural issues, the section presents work by regular columnists, including Herald political editor Peter Hartcher , Ross Gittins , and occasional reader-submitted content. Iconoclastic Sydney barrister Charles C. Waterstreet , upon whose life
6612-406: The defence of the nation. Hughes was seeking via a referendum to change the wording in the act to include "overseas". A referendum was not necessary but Hughes felt that in light of the seriousness of the situation, a vote of "Yes" from the people would give him a mandate to bypass the Senate. The Lloyd George Government of Britain did favour Hughes but only came to power in 1916, several months after
6726-457: The election. At the October 1930 state election in New South Wales, the Australian Party fielded candidates in 18 seats (all but two in Sydney). It polled 9.8% of the vote in seats it contested, but only 2.1% state-wide. The campaign was widely regarded as a failure, given that the party had hoped to win multiple seats. Hughes had little interest in state politics, and campaigned mainly on federal issues. He presented his party as an alternative to
6840-409: The everyday dilemmas of readers; a Samurai Sudoku ; and "The Two of Us", containing interviews with a pair of close friends, relatives or colleagues. Good Weekend is edited by Katrina Strickland. Previous editors include Ben Naparstek , Judith Whelan (2004–2011) and Fenella Souter. The paper has been partially digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of
6954-447: The farm of his widowed aunt (Margaret Mason), and "Plas Bedw", the neighbouring farm of his grandparents (Peter and Jane Morris). Hughes regarded his early years in Wales as the happiest time of his life. He was immensely proud of his Welsh identity, and he later became active in the Welsh Australian community, frequently speaking at Saint David's Day celebrations. Hughes called Welsh the "language of heaven", but his own grasp of it
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#17328448387307068-444: The first crew to complete the journey in under thirty days. Brothers Ross and Keith Smith , pilot and navigator, and mechanics Walter Shiers and Jim Bennett won the prize when their Vickers Vimy G-EAOU twin engine plane landed in Darwin on 10 December 1919. The flight set a record for distance travelled by aircraft, having flown 17,911 kilometres (11,129 mi), surpassing the previous record of 5,140 kilometres (3,190 mi) set
7182-407: The first referendum. The predecessor Asquith government greatly disliked Hughes considering him to be "a guest, rather than the representative of Australia". According to David Lloyd George : "He and Asquith did not get on too well. They would not. They were antipathetic types. As Hughes was never over-anxious to conceal his feelings or restrain his expression of them, and was moreover equipped with
7296-450: The first six decades of Federation , always endorsing a conservative government. The newspaper has since endorsed Labor in seven federal elections : 1961 ( Calwell ), 1984 and 1987 ( Hawke ), 2007 ( Rudd ), 2010 ( Gillard ), 2019 ( Shorten ), and 2022 ( Albanese ). During the 2004 Australian federal election , the Herald did not endorse a party, but subsequently resumed its practice of making endorsements. After endorsing
7410-410: The following year. Fairfax, whose family were to control the newspaper for almost 150 years, based his editorial policies "upon principles of candour, honesty and honour. We have no wish to mislead; no interest to gratify by unsparing abuse or indiscriminate approbation." Donald Murray , who invented a predecessor of the teleprinter , worked at the Herald during the 1890s. A weekly "Page for Women"
7524-432: The footsteps of The Times , for both The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age . After abandoning these plans later in the year, Fairfax Media again announced in June 2012 its plan to shift both broadsheet newspapers to tabloid size, with effect from March 2013. Fairfax also announced it would cut staff across the entire group by 1,900 over three years and erect paywalls around the papers' websites. The subscription type
7638-411: The founding owner of ATN , which became the flagship of what became the Seven Network . Column 8 is a short column to which Herald readers send their observations of interesting happenings. It was first published on 11 January 1947. The name comes from the fact that it originally occupied the final (8th) column of the broadsheet newspaper's front page. In a front-page redesign in the lead-up to
7752-429: The history of the Commonwealth we are engaged in today [is] without the slightest trace of that race we have banished from the face of the earth." But he warned that "we must not be too proud lest we should, too, in time disappear." His abrasive manner (his chronic dyspepsia was thought to contribute to his volatile temperament) made his colleagues reluctant to have him as Leader. His on-going feud with King O'Malley ,
7866-428: The incumbent Nationalist government of Thomas Bavin , but anti-government voters overwhelmingly voted for Jack Lang 's Labor Party, which won a landslide victory with 55.0% of the vote. Hughes complained frequently about the lack of press coverage his party received, calling the media "as conformist as fascist Italy or Soviet Russia in following a party line". George Maxwell resigned from the party in May 1930 to rejoin
7980-408: The loss of 28,000 men as casualties (killed, wounded and missing) in July and August 1916, Generals Birdwood and White of the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF) persuaded Hughes that conscription was necessary if Australia was to sustain its contribution to the war effort. However, a two-thirds majority of his party, which included Roman Catholics and trade union representatives as well as
8094-411: The mandates scheme went through. Hughes's frequent clashes with Wilson led to Wilson labelling him a "pestiferous varmint". Hughes, unlike Wilson or South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts , demanded heavy reparations from the German Empire , suggesting the sum of £24,000,000,000 of which Australia would claim many millions to off-set its own war debt. Hughes was a member of the British delegation on
8208-399: The many church schools established by the philanthropist Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts . He won prizes in geometry and French, receiving the latter from Lord Harrowby . After finishing his elementary schooling, he was apprenticed as a " pupil-teacher " for five years, instructing younger students for five hours a day in exchange for personal lessons from the headmaster and
8322-631: The mid-1960s, a new competitor had appeared in Rupert Murdoch's national daily The Australian , which was first published on 15 July 1964. John Fairfax & Sons Limited commemorated the Herald's 150th anniversary in 1981 by presenting the City of Sydney with Stephen Walker's sculpture Tank Stream Fountain . In 1995, the company launched the newspaper's web edition smh.com.au . The site has since grown to include interactive and multimedia features beyond
8436-502: The moment. He seized it, put his own stamp on it, and pushed it through to the point of realization. Then, having established the machinery, he expected it to run itself while he turned his full energies elsewhere, and tended to be evasive or testy if he was called back to it. Yet his interest was genuine, and without his enthusiasm and drive the Commonwealth intervention would either not have come at all or would have been far slower". It
8550-412: The most influential Australian politicians of the 20th century. He was a controversial figure throughout his lifetime, and his legacy continues to be debated by historians. His strong views and abrasive manner meant he frequently made political enemies, often from within his own parties. Hughes's opponents accused him of engaging in authoritarianism and populism, as well as inflaming sectarianism; his use of
8664-556: The new UAP, as did Marks and Maxwell. Hughes' biographer Laurie Fitzhardinge wrote of the Australian Party: "The party had no popular roots, but had been created from above, and only the untiring efforts of Hughes and Duncan kept it going. It lacked experience, it lacked a coherent programme, and above all it lacked finance". The Australian Party presented itself as apolitical. It had a "vague and eclectic platform" which mixed left-wing populism and economic nationalism. Hughes wanted
8778-471: The new code as it was seen as a strong social standpoint, politically, and it was an enthusiastic professional game, which made the politicians themselves appear in a similar vein, in their opinions anyway. Following the 1914 Australian federal election , the Labor Prime Minister of Australia, Andrew Fisher , found the strain of leadership during World War I taxing and faced increasing pressure from
8892-538: The newspaper's editorial stance at times reflected racist attitudes within the colony, with the paper urging squatters across Australia to emulate the mass killing of Native Americans . The front page of the paper on December 26, 1836 read: "If nothing but extermination will do, they will exterminate the savages as they would wild beasts." In the wake of the Myall Creek massacre in which at least twenty-eight unarmed Wirraayaraay men, women and children were murdered by
9006-452: The opposition —wrote to Hughes, Joseph Lyons , and Earle Page suggesting that they unify their parties and factions and form a united opposition to the Scullin government. Hughes and Lyons accepted, and the new United Australia Party (UAP) officially came into existence on 7 May, with Lyons as leader. Hughes and Walter Duncan, the Australian Party's sole remaining parliamentary members, joined
9120-413: The outcome was advisory only . The narrow defeat (1,087,557 Yes and 1,160,033 No), however, did not deter Hughes, who continued to argue vigorously in favour of conscription. This revealed the deep and bitter split within the Australian community that had existed since before Federation, as well as within the members of his own party. Conscription had been in place since the 1910 Defence Act, but only in
9234-561: The party to be "democratic and progressive […] indeed so democratic that any Labor man may join and support it". Some policies were more or less lifted directly from the Labor platform, such as the abolition of state governors and legislative councils . Hughes nonetheless denounced the Labor Party as controlled by communists, while simultaneously attacking the Nationalists as responsible for the Great Depression. Other Australian Party policies reflected Hughes' pet interests, such as amending
9348-401: The party's chief financial backers, because membership fees were deliberately kept low and one of the party's planks was to refuse corporate donations. However, Hughes in particular was stingy with his money, sending the party treasurer only £100 out of a requested £250 for expenses and even then complaining about the cost. The first election the Australian Party contested was a by-election to
9462-448: The points that were vital to his nation's existence". Joan Beaumont said Hughes became "something of a folk hero in later Australian historiography for his assertiveness at the Paris peace conference". The Sydney Morning Herald The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH ) is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Sydney, Australia, and owned by Nine Entertainment . Founded in 1831 as
9576-481: The public as well as a panel of judges appointed by Fairfax. Winners have included: The contemporary editorial stance of the Sydney Morning Herald is generally centrist. It has been described as the most centrist of Australia's three major news publications (the others being The Australian and The Age ). In 2004, the newspaper's editorial page stated: " market libertarianism and social liberalism " were
9690-480: The respective Dominions. In a same-same deal Japan obtained control over its occupied German possessions north of the equator. At the meeting of 30 January, Hughes clashed with Wilson on the question of mandates, as Hughes preferred formal sovereignty over the islands. According to the British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, Wilson was dictatorial and arrogant in his approach to Hughes, adding that "Hughes
9804-542: The run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The Herald endorsed the Liberal-National Coalition in the run-up for the 2023 New South Wales state election. In May 2023, the Herald opposed the extradition of former WikiLeaks editor Julian Assange to the United States, with the newspaper conducting a poll that found 79% oppose Assange's extradition to the United States. As The Sydney Herald ,
9918-505: The seat by defeating the sitting Labor MP Alfred Hampson, and both marks the only time that a sitting prime minister had challenged and ousted another sitting MP for his seat along with him becoming the first of only a handful of Members of the Australian Parliament who have represented more than one state or territory . Hughes had promised to resign if his Government did not win the power to conscript. Queensland Premier T. J. Ryan
10032-540: The seventh prime minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923. He led the nation during World War I , and his influence on national politics spanned several decades. He was a member of the federal parliament from the Federation of Australia in 1901 until his death in 1952, and is the only person to have served as a parliamentarian for more than 50 years. He represented six political parties during his career, leading five, outlasting four, and being expelled from three. Hughes
10146-659: The son of William Hughes and the former Jane Morris. His parents were both Welsh. His father, who worked as a carpenter and joiner at the Palace of Westminster , was from North Wales and was a fluent Welsh speaker. His mother, a domestic servant, was from the small village of Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain (near the English border), and spoke only English. Hughes was an only child ; at the time of their marriage, in June 1861, his parents were both 37 years old. Hughes's mother died in May 1869, when he
10260-507: The subsequent defence of his since-deleted column by editor Bevan Shields; Wilson pre-empted the Hornery disclosure with an Instagram post confirming her relationship. In 2012, Woman of the Year (WOTY) awards were created by the editor of the Daily Life section, Sarah Oakes, inspired by the sexism faced by former prime minister Julia Gillard . Winners were selected as the result of voting by
10374-796: The television workplace comedy Rake is loosely based, had a regular humour column in this section. Good Weekend was launched in May 1978, as a Saturday magazine appearing in both SMH and The Canberra Times . The editor was Valerie Lawson, and Cyprian Fernandes was founding chief sub-editor. It is now distributed with both The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age in Saturday editions. It contains, on average, four feature articles written by its stable of writers and others syndicated from overseas as well as sections on food, wine, and fashion. Writers include Stephanie Wood, Jane Cadzow, Melissa Fyfe, Tim Elliott, Konrad Marshall, and Amanda Hooton. Other sections include "Modern Guru", which features humorous columnists including Danny Katz responding to
10488-409: The trials contrasted with other newspapers which were more respectful on the matter and on the notion of Aboriginal Australians being protected under the law as British subjects, the same as settlers. In 2023, the paper apologised for its coverage of the massacre and the subsequent trials of the perpetrators. The below is a list of The Sydney Morning Herald ' s current journalists. The below
10602-449: The two "broad themes" that guided the Herald ' s editorial stance. During the 1999 referendum on whether Australia should become a republic , the Herald (like the other two major papers) strongly supported a Yes vote. It also endorsed the Yes vote for the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum . The Sydney Morning Herald did not endorse the Labor Party for federal office in
10716-442: The wheels of President Wilson 's chariot". He added that it was intolerable for Wilson "to dictate to us how the world was to be governed. If the saving of civilisation had depended on the United States, it would have been in tears and chains to-day". He also said that Wilson had no practical scheme for a League of Nations and added: "The League of Nations was to him what a toy was to a child—he would not be happy till he got it". At
10830-407: The year before on a Cairo to Delhi flight. Hughes achieved his aim of garnering world press attention for Australia, while Australia's first, and one of the world's earliest airlines, Qantas , was founded in 1920, commencing international passenger flights in 1935. A cofounder of the airline, Hudson Fysh , who had been commissioned by the government to survey landing fields in northern Australia for
10944-586: Was called to the bar in 1903. He first entered cabinet in 1904, in the short-lived Watson government , and was later the Attorney-General of Australia in each of Andrew Fisher 's governments. He was elected deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party in 1914. Hughes became prime minister in October 1915, when Fisher retired due to ill health. The war was the dominant issue of the time, and his support for sending conscripted troops overseas caused
11058-501: Was Attorney-General in Andrew Fisher 's three Labor governments in 1908–09, 1910–13 and 1914–15. In 1913, at the foundation ceremony of Canberra as the capital of Australia, Hughes gave a speech proclaiming that the country was obtained via the elimination of the indigenous population. "We were destined to have our own way from the beginning..[and]..killed everybody else to get it," Hughes said, adding that "the first historic event in
11172-620: Was a key opponent to conscription, and violence almost broke out when Hughes ordered a raid on the Government Printing Office in Brisbane , with the aim of confiscating copies of Hansard that covered debates in the Queensland Parliament where anti-conscription sentiments had been aired. A second plebiscite on conscription was held in December 1917, but was again defeated, this time by a wider margin. Hughes, after receiving
11286-543: Was a scheme of Hughes' devising that set the scene for long-distance civil aviation in Australia. His interest in the possibilities of peacetime aviation was sparked by his flights travelling between London and Paris for the Paris Peace Conference. On a Christmas visit the year before, in 1918, to wounded servicemen convalescing in Kent, Hughes had met Australian pilots who were facing the seven-week sea voyage home and were eager to pioneer an air route and fly to Australia instead. Such
11400-475: Was able to open a small shop selling general merchandise. The income from the shop was not enough to live on, so he also worked part-time as a locksmith and umbrella salesman, and his wife as a washerwoman. One of Hughes's acquaintances in Balmain was William Wilks , another future MP, while one of the customers at his shop was Frederick Jordan , a future Chief Justice of New South Wales . In Balmain, Hughes became
11514-494: Was added in 1905, edited by Theodosia Ada Wallace . The SMH was late to the trend of printing news rather than just advertising on the front page, doing so from 15 April 1944. Of the country's metropolitan dailies, only The West Australian was later in making the switch. The newspaper launched a Sunday edition, The Sunday Herald , in 1949. Four years later, this was merged with the newly acquired Sun newspaper to create The Sun-Herald , which continues to this day. By
11628-579: Was announced in July 2013 that the SMH 's news director, Darren Goodsir, would become editor-in-chief, replacing Sean Aylmer. On 22 February 2014, the Saturday edition was produced in broadsheet format for the final time, with this too converted to compact format on 1 March 2014, ahead of the decommissioning of the printing plant at Chullora in June 2014. In June 2022, the paper received global coverage and backlash to an attempted outing of Australian actress Rebel Wilson by columnist Andrew Hornery, and
11742-475: Was born in London to Welsh parents. He emigrated to Australia at the age of 22, and became involved in the fledgling Australian labour movement. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1894, as a member of the New South Wales Labor Party , and then transferred to the new federal parliament in 1901. Hughes combined his early political career with part-time legal studies, and
11856-475: Was bought by Conrad Black before being re-listed in 1992. In 2006, Fairfax announced a merger with Rural Press , which brought in a Fairfax family member, John B. Fairfax, as a significant player in the company. From 10 December 2018, Fairfax Media merged into Nine Entertainment , making the paper a sister to the Nine Network 's TCN station. This reunited the paper with a television station; Fairfax had been
11970-528: Was either not offered a position or found the terms of employment to be unsuitable. He spent the next two years as an itinerant labourer, working various odd jobs. In his memoirs, Hughes claimed to have worked variously as a fruitpicker, tally clerk, navvy , blacksmith's striker , station hand , drover , and saddler 's assistant, and to have travelled (mostly on foot) as far north as Rockhampton , as far west as Adavale , and as far south as Orange, New South Wales . He also claimed to have served briefly in both
12084-566: Was elected to the first federal Parliament as Labor MP for the Division of West Sydney . He opposed the Barton government 's proposals for a small professional army and instead advocated compulsory universal training. In 1903, he was admitted to the bar after several years part-time study. He became a King's Counsel (KC) in 1909. In 1911, he married Mary Campbell . He was Minister for External Affairs in Chris Watson 's first Labor government. He
12198-419: Was founded in 1831 by three employees of the now-defunct Sydney Gazette : Ward Stephens, Frederick Stokes, and William McGarvie . A Centenary Supplement (since digitised) was published in 1931. The original four-page weekly had a print run of 750. The newspaper began to publish daily in 1840, and the operation was purchased in 1841 by an Englishman named John Fairfax who renamed it The Sydney Morning Herald
12312-527: Was in Britain, where he delivered a series of speeches calling for imperial co-operation and economic warfare against Germany. These were published under the title The Day—and After , which was a bestseller. His biographer, Laurie Fitzhardinge, said these speeches were "electrifying" and that Hughes "swept his hearers off their feet". According to two contemporary writers, Hughes's speeches "have in particular evoked intense approbation, and have been followed by such
12426-542: Was intended only as a temporary body to be replaced with "Bureau of Science and Industry" as soon as possible. However, due to wartime stresses and other considerations the council endured until 1920, at which point an act of parliament was passed transforming it into a new government agency, the Institute of Science and Industry. According to Fitzhardinge: "The whole affair was highly typical of Hughes's methods. An idea coming from outside happened to chime with his preoccupation of
12540-442: Was not to be used for the purpose of immigration or of impairing our rights of self-government in any way, [the Japanese delegate] Baron Makino was unable to agree". When the proposal failed, Hughes reported in the Australian parliament: The White Australia is yours. You may do with it what you please, but at any rate, the soldiers have achieved the victory and my colleagues and I have brought that great principle back to you from
12654-510: Was patchy. Like many of his contemporaries, he had no formal schooling in Welsh, and had particular difficulties with spelling. Nonetheless, he received and replied to correspondence from Welsh-speakers throughout his political career, and as prime minister famously traded insults in Welsh with David Lloyd George . At the age of eleven, Hughes was enrolled in St Stephen's School, Westminster , one of
12768-740: Was six years old. His father subsequently sent him to be raised by relatives in Wales. During the school term, he lived with his father's sister, Mary Hughes, who kept a boarding house in Llandudno named "Bryn Rosa". He earned pocket money by doing chores for his aunt's tenants and singing in the choir at the local church. Hughes began his formal education in Llandudno, attending two small single-teacher schools. He spent his holidays with his mother's family in Llansantffraid. There, he divided his time between "Winllan",
12882-496: Was the last man I would have chosen to handle in that way". Lloyd George described how, after Hughes stated his case against subjecting the islands conquered by Australia to a mandate: President Wilson pulled him up sharply and proceeded to address him personally in what I would describe as a heated allocution rather than an appeal. He dwelt on the seriousness of defying world opinion on this subject. Mr. Hughes, who listened intently, with his hand cupped around his ear so as not to miss
12996-416: Was to be a freemium model, limiting readers to a number of free stories per month, with a payment required for further access. The announcement was part of an overall "digital first" strategy of increasingly digital or online content over printed delivery, to "increase sharing of editorial content," and to assist the management's wish for "full integration of its online, print and mobile platforms." It
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