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42-827: Autonomous sentiments were developing amongst the local Turkmen population, with the formation of the Turkmen National Army (TNA) in February 1918. Concerned about this, the Bolshevik Ashgabat Soviet appealed to Fyodor Kolesov  [ ru ] , leader of the Tashkent Soviet for military support and declared it would carry out a census of all arms-bearing men in the Russian majority town on 17 June 1918. However, this sparked off two days of rioting. The Tashkent Soviet dispatched some Red Guards led by V. Frolov and

84-525: A Cheka contingent who arrived on 24 June and disarmed the Turkmen Cavalry Squadron, which was the core of the TNA. Frolov declared martial law and personally shot the five members of a delegation of railwaymen that had tried to present a petition to him. He proceeded to Kizyl-Arvat to continue restoring Bolshevik control but local railway workers had heard of the events and armed themselves. Frolov and

126-731: A career officer who had served in Cuba and Afghanistan; another deputy minister of defense, Major General Begdzhan Niyazov , had been a law enforcement administrator prior to his appointment. Russian commanders included Major General Viktor Zavarzin , chief of staff and first deputy commander of the Separate Combined-Arms Army of Turkmenistan, and commander of the Separate Combined-Arms Army of Turkmenistan and deputy minister of defense Lieutenant General Nikolai Kormiltsev . Russian Major General Vladislav Shunevich served together with Turkmen Major General Akmurad Kabulov as joint commanders of

168-537: A moderate improvement in the Caspian Sea presence. Akdepe Airdrome is the main airfield of the air force, located in Ashgabat . The border troops of Turkmenistan use the airfield for their own aircraft. In June 2008, President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedov flew over the capital of the country on a MiG-29 supersonic combat aircraft after visiting the airfield. Around 2015, conditions for local flights at

210-810: A number of his bodyguards were shot and the remainder disarmed. On 14 July 1918 The Ashkhabad Executive Committee was founded by Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries following their successful revolt against the Bolsheviks of Tashkent . This committee took the name of the Trans Caspian Provisional Government in November 1918, but is generally referred to as the Transcaspian Government . The initial leadership consisted of: The Committee had around 1000 armed men, which consisted of Armenian and Russian troops. British opinion of these forces

252-433: A period of ten years. For a transitional period of five years, Russia would provide logistical support and pay Turkmenistan for the right to maintain special installations, while Turkmenistan would bear the costs of housing, utilities, and administration.' The Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies 's Moscow Defence Brief said that in 1992–93 Turkmenistan attempted to create a small national armed force based on

294-572: A representative of the military attaché of the U.S. visited the Mary-2 airfield, and at around the same time, construction companies from the United Arab Emirates began work at the airfield to bring the facility to a state of full readiness for operation. Briefly during the Soviet period the Mary-2 airbase housed an aggressor squadron used for training Soviet fighter pilots in aerial combat, akin to

336-547: Is around 120. It said there were two fighter/ground attack squadrons with MiG-29/MiG-29UB (total of 24 both types), Sukhoi Su-17 Fitter-Bs (65) and two Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoots (with 41 more being refurbished). It reported one transport squadron with Antonov An-26 'Curl' (1), and Mi-8s and Mi-24s (8 and 10 listed in service respectively). Training units had Sukhoi Su-7 Fitter-As (3 listed in service) and L-39 Albatross. Air defence missile units had SA-2, SA-3, and SA-5 Units: The Turkmen naval forces are currently directed by

378-505: Is around 560. Turkmen ground forces equipment includes 702 T-72 , and 10 T-90 , ordered in 2009 for approximately $ 30 million. AIFV / APC include BTR-60 / BTR-70 / BTR-80 - 829, BMP-1 / BMP-2 - 930, BRM-1 12, and BRDM-2 - 170. In 2021 Turkmenistan is to receive batch of Lazar 3 8x8 armored vehicle from Serbia. The IISS in 2012 said the Air Force had 3,000 personnel with 94 combat capable aircraft. The total number of aircraft

420-620: The Caspian Sea and the coastal zone to a depth of 350 kilometers, and on the Turkmen-Iranian border is located about 90% of the Army (22nd Motorized Division on the Caspian coast, 2nd and 3rd motorized divisions on the Turkmen-Iranian border, 11th Motorized Division on the Tajik-Afghan border). The number of vehicles is around 2,000, the number of tanks is around 700 and the number of artillery pieces

462-648: The Caspian Sea . The head of the service is a member of the Council of Border Guard Commanders of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The Internal Troops is under the auspices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs . It is designed to maintain law and order and enforce the status quo in terms of state sovereignty. It aides the Turkmen National Police in its everyday activities, being organized similarly to

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504-571: The Malleson mission . The combined Anglo-Indian and Transcaspian force then went on to successfully engage the Bolsheviks, pushing them out of some of the major cities. The Government was largely in a weak position. It had no economy and was existing on the money it had gained from the Soviets when it took over. The main economy was based on cotton, but it had no means to export it. It largely sought funds from

546-535: The Ministry for National Security . The Presidential Security Service ( Turkmen : Prezidentiniň howpsuzlyk gullugy ) is responsible for ensuring the protection and security of the president. Established in November 1990, it is a directly reporting body of the President of Turkmenistan and not part of the Ministry of Defense. During state visits to foreign countries, the service provides at least 10 agents to protect

588-640: The September 11 terrorist attacks , coalition troops did not appear on Turkmen territory. President Niyazov refused to provide the German government with a base to store German aircraft, arguing that the country intends to continue to follow the principles of neutrality. In 2002, a " labor army " was created by Niyazov's orders which saw the creation of specialized labor military units. Soldiers in these units began to be sent from military units to enterprises, construction sites and hospitals as cheap labor, being removed from

630-650: The Soviet Air Force . Among the former units of the Soviet Air Forces in Turkmenistan were the following: 67th Mixed Aviation Regiment, 366th Independent Helicopter Squadron, 179th Fighter Aviation Regiment, 217th Fighter/Bomber Aviation Regiment. In 2002, the Air Force was armed with up to 250 helicopters and aircraft of various systems. There were plans to strengthen the coastal naval force in 2015, which resulted in

672-568: The Soviet Armed Forces Turkestan Military District , forming the basis for the branch. Among them was the 58th Motor Rifle Division at Kyzyl-Arvat . Today the ground forces include the 2nd , 3rd, 11th , and 22nd Motor Rifle Divisions . The 11th Motor Rifle Division "Sultan Sanjar" is the former Soviet 88th Motor Rifle Division, with its headquarters at Kushka/Serhetabat. It was reported in January 2007 that on

714-780: The Soviet Union . The country's military did not sign the Tashkent Treaty in May 1992, becoming an observer in the Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS . Turkmenistan's first military doctrine was adopted in 1994 enforcing this. The neutral policy of Turkmenistan was also emphasized in relation to the 1996 Afghan War , maintaining an even relationship with both the Taliban and the Afghan government . Following

756-609: The Turkmen National Army ( Turkmen : Türkmenistanyň Milli goşun ) is the national military of Turkmenistan . It consists of the Ground Forces , the Air Force and Air Defense Forces , Navy , and other independent formations (etc. Border Troops , Internal Troops and National Guard ). After the fall of the Soviet Union , significant elements of the Soviet Armed Forces Turkestan Military District remained on Turkmen soil, including several motor rifle divisions. From V.I. Feskov et al. 2013 and Michael Holm's data, it appears that

798-541: The British which it did not get, even for food the British military had used and promised to pay for. On the night of 20 September 1918, under the leadership of Fyodor Funtikov, they executed the 26 Baku Commissars which had fled Baku by ship to Krasnovodsk in Turkmenistan. In December 1918 there was a crisis in the Transcaspian Government. The Government felt it could not control the capital and asked help from

840-521: The British, who helped by sending troops there. However the Government was fragile, Malleson's opinion being that they had at best a tenuous grip on their forces and people. In addition, Malleson had promised funds and had not delivered them. The people started protesting and the Committee resigned. It was replaced by another committee, which was appointed by Teague-Jones. The new committee eventually came under

882-581: The Caspian Sea), these tactical exercises came after a summer of somewhat heightened tensions with Azerbaijan over natural gas fields in a contested part of the sea. The Special Task Force " Türkmen Edermen " (Valiant Turkmen in English ) is a composite military unit drawn from the armed forces and national law enforcement agencies such as the Ministry of Internal Affairs , the State Border Service , and

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924-619: The Point-class cutter was the Merjin, PB-129, (ex Point Jackson, 82378), which was transferred on 30 May 2000. The country acquired four missile boats in 2011. In 2014 it acquired 10 Tuzla-class patrol boats which were all delivered by 2015. In 2012, Turkmenistan announced its first naval exercises in the Caspian Sea programmed for early September. Named Hazar-2012 ( Hazar is the Turkic name of

966-472: The Russian Federation to act as guarantor of Turkmenistan's security and made former Soviet army units in the republic the basis of the new national armed forces. The treaty stipulated that, apart from border troops and air force and air defense units remaining under Russian control, the entire armed forces would be under joint command, which would gradually devolve to exclusive command by Turkmenistan over

1008-627: The Soviet 40th Army . In early 1989, the last of these squadrons left the Mary-2 airfield and returned to their places of permanent deployment. The long runway Mary-2 can accommodate all types of aircraft, including heavy transport aircraft and strategic bombers. During the Iraq War , it was speculated that the airbase would be used to host United States Army equipment from the Karshi-Khanabad Air Base in neighboring Uzbekistan . In September 2004,

1050-413: The administrative division of the country into 5 regions : Each military district includes district military command and control bodies, military units, individual military units and subunits, military commissariats of etraps and cities with etrap rights. The Territorial Defence Troops of Turkmenistan also serve regional purposes. The Turkmen Ground Forces inherited several motor rifle divisions from

1092-495: The age of 21 who have a secondary education and have volunteered for military service can qualify for higher educational studies at the military institute. In 2016, Senior Lieutenant Jahan Yazmuhammedova became the first female paratrooper in the Armed Forces, serving in the 152nd Independent Air Assault Battalion . A parade in 2019 was the first parade in which female siblings (Captains Shirin and Aknabat Velikurbanov) took part in

1134-486: The border troops in the Turkmen Border Guard. Under a 1993 bilateral military cooperation treaty, some 2,000 Russian officers served in Turkmenistan on contract, and border forces (about 5,000 in 1995) are under joint Russian and Turkmenistani command. Altogether, about 11,000 Russian troops remained in Turkmenistan in mid-1996.' Turkmenistan's military is considered to be the most neutral of all former republics of

1176-469: The border with Afghanistan will be a national security priority. In 2016, a new military doctrine was adopted by Berdimuhamedov. In November 2018, President Berdimuhamedov reiterated this at a session of the State Security Council. The Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan is a government agency of the armed forces which is the executive body in implementing defense policies in Turkmenistan. It

1218-560: The defense ministry and consist of around 700 servicemen and sixteen patrol boats. The Congressional Research Service , citing the International Institute for Strategic Studies , reports a number of six patrol boats. The International Institute for Strategic Studies reported in 2007 that Turkmenistan intended to form a navy and had a minor base at Turkmenbashy with one USCG Point class cutter and five Kalkan-class patrol vessels . Jane's Fighting Ships 2001-2002 reported that

1260-680: The division of the Turkestan Military District of the Soviet Armed Forces between the independent states of Central Asia , Turkmenistan inherited the largest aviation group in Central Asia, deployed at two large bases: one near Mary and one near Ashgabat. In the 1990s, the Turkmen Air Force took over operation of Krasnovodsk Air Base (now Turkmenbashi International Airport ), which was an interceptor aircraft facility for

1302-513: The following factories of the Ministry of Textile Industry on the orders of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan: The semi-woolen fabrics that are not produced in Turkmenistan are supplied through the Turkmendokma Foreign Trade Enterprise of the Ministry of Textile Industry. Service in the armed forces is required for all males under 27 years of age. Minister of Defence Dangatar Kopekov stated in 1992 that legislation

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1344-408: The former Soviet 52nd Army , which was located in the country and depended on support from Russia. Of the 300 formations and units, numbering 110,000 people, 200 were transferred to the command of Turkmenistan, 70 remained under Russia's jurisdiction, and 30 were either withdrawn or demobilized. In 1994, the chief of staff and first deputy minister of defense was Major General Annamurat Soltanov ,

1386-866: The ground forces. Founded in 1993 and 2007 respectively, the Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Turkmenistan and the Military Academy of Turkmenistan are the senior most military academies of their kind in Turkmenistan . Other military academies include the Turkmen Police Academy, the Turkmen National Security Institute, and the Turkmen Naval Institute. Border guards are trained at special institutes in military universities. Military uniforms are sewn in

1428-697: The influence of Denikin's Southern White Russian army and his men came to bolster the force, creating the White Turkestan Army in January 1919. However, when the British withdrew in the same year, the Bolsheviks went on the offensive and defeated the Transcaspian forces. By 1920 the Tashkent Soviet had regained control of the area and the Transcaspian Government was no more. Turkmen National Army The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan ( Turkmen : Türkmenistanyň Ýaragly Güýçleri ), known informally as

1470-405: The jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense. Jane's Information Group said in 2009 that "Turkmenistan's military is, even by the standards of Central Asia, poorly maintained and funded." Weeks after he was inaugurated for a first term, President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov announced his decision to endorse the country's second military doctrine, officially declaring neutrality and stating that

1512-513: The military airfield began to be prepared for the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games . Mary-2 airbase is located north of the city of Mary. In the Soviet era, it hosted two Tu-22M3 squadrons from the 185th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment. During the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan , these two squadrons bombed the Afghan Mujahideen during the Panjshir offensives of

1554-610: The parade as part of the same contingent. The contingent in question was led by Major Nabat Nurgeldyeva, who was in her 16th parade. Turkmen Air Force The Turkmen Air Force ( Turkmen : Türkmen Howa Güýçleri ) is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan . It was formed from former Soviet Air Forces units within that region of the Turkestan Military District . The Turkmen Air Force inherited some 300 Soviet aircraft, and has pilots trained in Ukraine . After

1596-553: The president. The Presidential Security Service is currently composed of 2,000 employees. The State Border Service of Turkmenistan is a public service department in the government of the country and is under the command of the Ministry for National Security of Turkmenistan . The main tasks of the service include the following: protecting of the national border of the country, combating international terrorism and drug trafficking , targeting illegal migration and human trafficking , and protecting oil and gas platforms and pipelines in

1638-604: The three divisions were the 58th, 88th, and 209th District Training Centre (former 61 Training MRD) at Ashkhabad. In June 1992, the new Russian government signed a bilateral defense treaty with Turkmenistan , encouraging the new Turkmen government to create its own armed forces but stipulating that they were to be placed under joint command. The United States Library of Congress Country Studies said that 'the Treaty on Joint Measures signed by Russia and Turkmenistan in July 1992 provided for

1680-403: Was drafted to where draft dodgers would face "very severe measures, including criminal responsibility". Despite this, desertion is rampant, and was at a 20% rate in 1994. For many military units, it has often been accepted that commanders extort bribes for an early demobilization of conscripts. There have been reported cases of mistreatment of army conscripts on duty and Hazing . Women under

1722-735: Was founded in January 1992 with the assistance of the Russian Armed Forces . Most of the original employees were retired Soviet officials in the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR . The Chief of the General Staff of Turkmen Armed Forces is the highest-ranking military officer in the military, being responsible for maintaining the operational command of the military and its three major branches. The territorial Armed Forces of Turkmenistan are divided into 5 military districts in accordance with

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1764-537: Was less than complimentary. General Wilfrid Malleson had been dispatched by the British Government to resist the Bolshevik forces and assisted the Transcaspian forces by sending them a machine gun team across the border from India. This team stopped the Transcaspian forces being completely overrun by the Bolsheviks early in the conflict. Malleson then sent an Anglo Indian unit to assist in what became referred to as

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