42-558: [REDACTED] Look up aruna in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Aruna may refer to: Religion and mythology [ edit ] Aruna (Hinduism) , the charioteer of Surya in Hinduism Aruna (Hittite mythology) , a Hittite sea god Aruna Stambha , a monumental religious pillar in Puri, Odisha, India Arunachala ( red mountain ),
84-469: A boon. Kadru asked for one thousand Nāga sons, while Vinata asked for just two, but each an equal to all of Kadru's thousand sons. Kashyapa blessed them, and then retreated to a forest to meditate. Later, Kadru gave birth to one thousand eggs, while Vinata gave birth to two eggs. After incubating them for five hundred years, Kadru's eggs hatched and out came her 1,000 sons. Vinata, eager for her own sons, impatiently broke one of her eggs. From this egg emerged
126-429: A large bird with eagle-like features that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist epic as the vahana (vehicle) of the god Vishnu . Garuda became the national emblem of Thailand and Indonesia ; Thailand 's Garuda is rendered in a more traditional anthropomorphic style, while that of Indonesia is rendered in heraldic style with traits similar to the real Javan hawk-eagle . The word Garuda ( Khmer : គ្រុឌ – " Krud ")
168-434: A metaphor of atman . The Hindu texts on Garuda iconography vary in their details. If in the bird form, he is eagle-like, typically with the wings slightly open as if ready and willing to fly wherever he needs to. In part human-form, he may have an eagle-like nose, beak or legs, his eyes are open and big, his body is the color of emerald, and his wings are golden-yellow. He may be shown with either two or four hands. If he
210-738: A nāga by the tail and force him to vomit up his stone (Pandara Jātaka, J.518). The Garudas were among the beings appointed by Śakra to guard Mount Sumeru and the Trāyastriṃśa heaven from the attacks of the asuras . In the Maha-samaya Sutta (Digha Nikaya 20), the Buddha is shown making temporary peace between the Nagas and the Garudas. In the Qing dynasty fiction The Story of Yue Fei (1684), Garuda sits at
252-636: A part of state insignia of India , Indonesia and Thailand . Both Indonesia and Thailand has Garuda as their coat of arms , the Indian Army uses the Garuda on their Guards Brigade Regimental Insignia. The Indian Air Force named their special operations unit after him as the Garud Commando Force . It is often associated with the Greater adjutant stork ( Leptoptilos dubius ). In Hinduism , Garuda
294-451: A serpent. Defeated warriors are like snakes beaten down by Garuda. The Mahabharata character Drona uses a military formation named after Garuda. Krishna carries the image of Garuda on his banner. Though Garuda stautues and iconography can be seen in many Vishnu temples, there are very few temples dedicated to Garuda as a deity in India. A 1800 year old ancient kavu dedicated to Garuda, it
336-526: A shaivite holy site in Tamil Nadu, India Other uses [ edit ] Aruna (given name) Aruna (surname) Aruna Mountains, Arunachal Pradesh , India 2313 Aruna , a minor planet See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Aruna All pages with titles containing Aruna Arun (disambiguation) Arūnas , a given name Anúna , an Irish choral ensemble Anura (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
378-578: Is a divine eagle-like sun bird and the king of birds. A Garutman is mentioned in the Rigveda who is described as celestial deva with wings. The Shatapatha Brahmana embedded inside the Yajurveda text mentions Garuda as the personification of courage. In the Mahabharata , Garutman is stated to be same as Garuda, then described as the one who is fast, who can shapeshift into any form and enter anywhere. He
420-596: Is a giant mythological bird likened to the Middle Eastern roc . Garuda's Chinese name is Great Peng, the Golden-Winged Illumination King ( 大鵬金翅明王 ). The Garuda is a yaksha or guardian for Shantinatha in Jain iconography and mythology. Jain iconography shows Garuda as a human figure with wings and a strand-circle. In India and the rest of Southeast Asia the eagle symbolism is represented by Garuda,
462-576: Is a powerful creature in the epics, whose wing flapping can stop the spinning of heaven, earth and hell. He is described to be the vehicle mount of the Hindu god Vishnu , and typically they are shown together. He is the younger brother of Aruna , who is a charioteer of the sun god, Surya . According to George Williams, Garuda has roots in the verb gri , or speak. He is a metaphor in the Vedic literature for Rik (rhythms), Saman (sounds), Yajna (sacrifices), and
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#1732837151738504-607: Is also found in Buddhism and Jainism literature and arts. Aruna is found in different, inconsistent Indian legends. In the epic Mahabharata , he was born prematurely and partially developed from an egg. According to this version, Kashyapa Prajapati 's two wives Vinata and Kadru wanted to have children. Kashyapa granted them a boon. Kadru asked for one thousand 'Dirghadeha' (meaning long bodied) Nāga (serpent) sons, while Vinata wanted only two yet extremely strong 'Divyadeha' (meaning emitting golden aura from body), who would excel
546-516: Is common across Buddhist traditions. In Buddhism , the Garuda (Sanskrit; Pāli : garuḷā ) are enormous predatory birds with a wingspan of 330 yojanas . They are described as beings with intelligence and social organisation. They are also sometimes known as suparṇa (Sanskrit; Pāli: supaṇṇa ), meaning "well-winged, having good wings". Like the Nāgas , they combine the characteristics of animals and divine beings, and may be considered to be among
588-479: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Aruna (Hinduism) Aruna ( Sanskrit : अरुण ) is the charioteer of Surya (the sun god) in Hinduism . He is the elder brother of Garuda . Aruna and Garuda are the sons of Vedic sage Kashyapa and his wife Vinata , daughter of Prajapati Daksha . His children were the mighty vultures Sampati and Jatayu . He
630-593: Is famous in the state for the alleviation of 'sarpa dosham'. Nearby the main temple is a rare subsidiary shrine dedicated to the Kurma avatar of Lord Vishnu. This temple was believed to have been constructed after Garuda himself manifested in eagle form in front of the devotees during the consecration ceremony. Lord Vishnu is present in his Mohini swaroopam in this temple, adding to its rarity. Garuda, also referred to as Garula , are golden-winged birds in Buddhist texts. Under
672-494: Is found in early temples of India, such as on the underside of the eave at Cave 3 entrance of the Badami cave temples (6th-century). Garuda's mythology is linked to that of Aruna , the charioteer of the Hindu sun god Surya . Both Aruna and Garuda developed from an egg. According to one version related by George Williams, Kashyapa Prajapati's two wives Vinata and Kadru wanted to have children, and Kashyapa granted each of them
714-496: Is literally derived from Sanskrit. India primarily uses Garuda as a martial motif: As an art form Indonesia uses the Garuda in a form called the Garuda Pancasila as its national symbol . The Garuda Pancasila is coloured black or gilded , symbolising both the greatness of the nation and the elang Jawa ( Javan hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi ). The black color represents nature. There are 17 feathers on each wing, 8 on
756-639: Is mentioned in the Hindu , Buddhist , and Jain faiths. Garuda is also the half-brother of the Devas , Gandharvas , Daityas , Danavas , Nāgas , Vanara and Yakshas . He is the son of the sage Kashyapa and Vinata . He is the younger brother of Aruna , the charioteer of the Sun . Garuda is mentioned in several other texts such as the Puranas and the Vedas . Garuda is described as
798-462: Is not carrying Vishnu, he holds a jar of amrita (immortality nectar) in one hand in the rear and an umbrella in the other, while the front pair of hands are in anjali ( namaste ) posture. If he is carrying Vishnu, the rear hands provide the support for Vishnu's feet. According to the text Silparatna , states Rao, Garuda is best depicted with only two hands and with four bands of colours: "golden yellow colour from feet to knees, white from knees to
840-511: Is shown either alone or with Vishnu, signifying divine approval of the power of the state. He is found on the faces of many early Hindu kingdom coins with this symbolism, either as a single-headed bird or a three-headed bird that watches all sides. Throughout the Mahabharata, Garuda is invoked as a symbol of impetuous violent force, speed, and martial prowess. Powerful warriors advancing rapidly on doomed foes are likened to Garuda swooping down on
882-567: The Ramayana , Aruna was married to Shyeni with whom he had two sons – Jatayu and Sampati . Both of them would play a very important role in the epic. There is a legend in the Mahabharata that Surya once offered Aruna and his divine chariot to his son Karna which he denied as he didn't want to rely on others to win the war, especially against Arjuna whom he acknowledged as a capable rival. Another legend, generally told in Indian folk tales linked to
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#1732837151738924-498: The Amrita to the Nagas though, as it would bring great trouble later, so they forged a plan. Upon reaching his brothers Garuda placed the vessel before them, and asked them to first purify themselves before drinking. Meanwhile, Jayanta (the son of Indra) stole the vessel back. On returning, the nagas were all devoured by Garuda. Some myths present Garuda as so massive that he can block out
966-582: The Buddhist concept of saṃsāra , they are one of the Aṣṭagatyaḥ , the eight classes of inhuman beings. In Buddhist art, they are shown as sitting and listening to the sermons of the Buddha. They are enemies of the Nāgas (snakes) and are sometimes depicted with a serpent held between their claws. Like the Hindu art, both zoomorphic (giant eagle-like bird) and partially anthropomorphic (part bird, part human) iconography
1008-720: The atman (Self, deepest level of consciousness). In the Puranas, states Williams, Garuda becomes a literal embodiment of the idea, and the Self who attached to and inseparable from the Supreme Self (Vishnu). Though Garuda is an essential part of the Vaishnavism , he also features prominently in Shaivism , Shaiva texts such as the Garuda Tantra and Kirana Tantra , and Shiva temples as a bird and as
1050-428: The nāga , a race of intelligent serpent- or dragon-like beings, whom they hunt. The Garudas at one time caught the nāgas by seizing them by their heads; but the nāgas learned that by swallowing large stones, they could make themselves too heavy to be carried by the Garudas, wearing them out and killing them from exhaustion. This secret was divulged to one of the Garudas by the ascetic Karambiya, who taught him how to seize
1092-419: The sun . The text Garuda Purana is named after him. Garuda is presented in the Mahabharata as one who eats snake meat, such as the story about him planning to kill and eat Sumukha snake, where Indra intervenes. Garuda in anger, vaunt about his feats and compares himself to Indra's equal. Vishnu teaches a lesson to Garuda and cured his pride on might. Garudas are also a race of birds who devour snakes in
1134-481: The Ramayana, states that Aruna, once became a woman named Aruni and entered an assembly of Apsara (celestial nymphs), where no man except Indra (the king of heaven) was allowed. Indra fell in love with Aruni and fathered a son named Vali from her. The next day, at Surya's request, Aruna again assumed female form, and Surya fathered a son named Sugriva . Both children were given to Ahalya for rearing, but her husband,
1176-552: The epic. The Suparṇākhyāna , a late Vedic period poem considered to be among the "earliest traces of epic poetry in India," relates the legend of Garuda, and provides the basis for a later, expanded version which appears within the Mahābhārata . Garuda's links to Vishnu – the Hindu god who fights injustice and destroys evil in his various avatars to preserve dharma – have made him an iconic symbol of kings' duty and power, an insignia of royalty or dharma. His eagle-like form
1218-644: The head of the Buddha's throne. But when a celestial bat (an embodiment of the Aquarius constellation ) flatulates during the Buddha's expounding of the Lotus Sutra , Garuda kills her and is exiled from paradise. He is later reborn as Song dynasty General Yue Fei . The bat is reborn as Lady Wang, wife of the traitor Prime Minister Qin Hui , and is instrumental in formulating the "Eastern Window" plot that leads to Yue's eventual political execution. The Story of Yue Fei plays on
1260-400: The king of the birds and a kite -like figure. He is shown either in a zoomorphic form (a giant bird with partially open wings) or an anthropomorphic form (a man with wings and some ornithic features). Garuda is generally portrayed as a protector with the power to swiftly travel anywhere, ever vigilant and an enemy of every serpent. He is also known as Tarkshya and Vainateya . Garuda is
1302-412: The legendary animosity between Garuda and the Nagas when the celestial bird-born Yue Fei defeats a magic serpent who transforms into the unearthly spear he uses throughout his military career. Literary critic C. T. Hsia explains the reason why Qian Cai, the book's author, linked Yue with Garuda is because of the homology in their Chinese names. Yue Fei's courtesy name is Pengju ( 鵬舉 ). A Peng ( 鵬 )
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1344-476: The lower tail, 19 on the upper tail and 45 on the neck, which together make up the date 17 August 1945, when Indonesia proclaimed its independence . The shield it carries bears the motto Panca Sila , which symbolises self-defense and protection in struggle. In the northern Peninsular state of Kelantan , the Geroda ( Jawi : ݢرودا ) often appears in stories of Wayang Kulit Kelantan as well as becoming
1386-434: The lowest of the devas . The Garudas have kings and cities, and at least some of them have the magical power of changing into human form when they wish to have dealings with people. On some occasions Garuda kings have had romances with human women in this form. Their dwellings are in groves of the simbalī , or silk-cotton tree . Jataka stories describe them to be residents of Nagadipa or Seruma. The Garuda are enemies to
1428-527: The main motif of Burung Petala Indera boat-chariot made for special royal processions in the early 20th century. Thailand uses the Garuda ( Thai : ครุฑ, khrut ) as its national symbol , known as the Phra Khrut Pha , meaning "Garuda, the vehicle (of Vishnu)," also used as the symbol of royalty. It adorns the banknote of their currency - the Baht - as well. The Electronic Attack Squadron 134 ( VAQ-134 ) of
1470-522: The navel, scarlet from navel to neck, and black above the neck". His hands, recommends the text, should be in abhaya (nothing to fear) posture. In Sritatvanidhi text, the recommended iconography for Garuda is a kneeling figure, who wears one or more serpents, pointed bird-beak like nose, his two hands in namaste posture. This style is commonly found in Hindu temples dedicated to Vishnu. In some iconography, Garuda carries Vishnu and his two consorts by his side: Lakshmi and Bhumi . Garuda iconography
1512-399: The partially formed Aruna, looking radiant and reddish as the morning sun, but not as bright as the midday sun as he was promised to be. Aruna chided his mother Vinata for her impatience, and warned her to not break open the second egg, cursing her to be a slave until his brother rescued her. Aruna then left to become the charioteer of Surya, the sun god. Vinata waited, and after many years,
1554-402: The sage Gautama cursed them, causing them to turn into monkeys , as he did not like them. Garuda Garuda ( Sanskrit : गरुड , romanized : Garuḍa ; Pali : गरुळ , romanized: Garuḷa ; Vedic Sanskrit : गरुळ , IAST : Garuḷa ) is a Hindu deity who is primarily depicted as the mount ( vahana ) of the Hindu god Vishnu . This divine creature
1596-516: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Aruna . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aruna&oldid=1200174377 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
1638-535: The second egg hatched and Garuda was born. After losing a bet to Kadru through trickery, Vinata was forced to become her slave. Garuda later asked his brothers to free his mother from her slavery, to which they demanded Amrita from heaven. Garuda waged a war against gods with his extraordinary might and abilities, and defeated all of them, including Indra . He then took Indra's nectar vessel and flew back to earth. Vishnu then came to Garuda, and asked him to be his ride, to which he agreed. Indra requested that Garuda not give
1680-406: The thousand sons of Kadru. Kashyapa blessed them, and then went away to a forest. Later, Kadru gave birth to one thousand eggs, while Vinata gave birth to two eggs. These incubated for five hundred years, upon which Kadru broke the eggs open and out came her 1,000 sons. Vinata eager for her sons, broke one of the eggs from which emerged the partially formed Aruna. Since Aruna was born prematurely, only
1722-475: The upper half of his body had developed. Enraged by his mother's haste, he cursed her to become a slave of Kadru for 500 years, upon which her second egg would break and his brother would emancipate her. Having cursed his mother, Aruna rose to the skies, and was bestowed the position of charioteer to Surya by his father, Prajapati Kasyapa. Accordingly, Vinata waited, and later the fully developed mighty eagle, her second born named Garuda (the mount of Lord Vishnu )
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1764-415: Was born. The epic narrates that in another tale that Surya began burning intensely, angered by the attacks of Rahu (Rahu swallowing Surya is described to cause solar eclipses in Hindu mythology). The heat was so intense that it started destroying all living beings. Then, the creator Brahma asked Aruna to become the charioteer of Surya, to shield all living beings from his terrible heat. According to
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