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36-535: The group had the legal status of a German registered association ( eingetragener Verein ) headquartered in Berlin . At the time of the ban AG, GGG had 300 supporters and 40 core members. The Artgemeinschaft was founded in 1951 by former Nazi Wilhelm Kusserow. It was a registered association since 1957 and was based in Berlin. From 1989 until his death in 2009, the group was led by the neo-Nazi lawyer Jürgen Rieger. His successor

72-798: A covert operation in 1978 with the Celler Loch in order to infiltrate an informant into the Red Army Faction under a “false flag”. In 1999, two Russian spies in the Eurofighter project were discovered by the Lower Saxony Office for the Protection of the Constitution. In 1990, statements by the former officer of the Main Directorate for Reconnaissance (HVA) Karl-Christoph Großmann revealed that

108-572: A five-month trial at the age of 52. In 1977, Balke joined the MfS's Main Directorate for Reconnaissance (HVA). He was frustrated that he had not been promoted appropriately and was convinced of the incompetence of his superiors. The HVA gave him the code name Gräber (XV-2982/78) and an annual salary of 20,000 DM. In return, he provided detailed information on the Federal Republic's border surveillance, but

144-444: A much broader scope. They can be locally limited club-like institutions but also nationwide units representing important economic or social groups. It is even possible that registered associations themselves form a new association whose membership is composed entirely of associations (often called Dachverband ). The statutory minimum number of members for forming a registered association is seven. The minimum number of members before

180-513: A registered association needs to be dissolved is three. The largest associations can have over one million members, there is no legal limit concerning membership numbers. The registration of Vereine is regulated in the Vereinsregisterverordnung (VRV) ( lit.   ' Regulations for the registry of associations ' ). It requires registration of an e.V. with the association registry ( Vereinsregister ) either kept at

216-555: A total of about 430,000 DM. 499 source reports are attributed to him. At the beginning of May 1986, he took part in an expert conference on the reorganization of counter-espionage after the defection of Hansjoachim Tiedge and in mid-October 1987 in the discussion of the new framework concept for counter-espionage in the BfV. Armborst was sentenced to seven years imprisonment by the Celle Higher Regional Court on 18 January 1996 after

252-568: Is Department 5 in the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior and Sport . Its tasks include the prevention of extremism and espionage , for which it also uses intelligence resources. To this end, it had almost 320 full-time staff units and almost 23 million euros at its disposal in 2019. The President of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution is Dirk Pejril.. The general legal basis for

288-411: Is a belief of AG GGG and written in the group's "confession of species" in which the guiding principles are laid down. The "struggle" is "naturally necessary for all becoming, being and passing away", it says. "Every single one of us and our entire species are in this struggle". Instead of the term "race" in the "species community" ( Artgemeinschaft ) the term "species" ( Art ) is used. In September 2023,

324-469: Is a legal status for a registered voluntary association in Germany. While any group may be called a Verein , registration as eingetragener Verein confers many legal benefits, because it confers the status of a juridical person rather than just a group of individuals. The legal status must be mentioned in the name as well. Like certain other corporate bodies, an eingetragener Verein can apply for

360-536: Is also affected by the ban. The Ministry of the Interior also banned the Familienwerk ("Family Association"), which is affiliated with the Artgemeinschaft . According to the statutes of the "Familienwerk", the association is intended to protect "the interests of young people and their families, with particular consideration of families with many children". The Artgemeinschaft is one of the toughest structures in

396-594: Is also special parliamentary control by the Committee for Affairs of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution of the State Parliament , and the State Parliament can set up investigative committees. The State Commissioner for Data Protection of Lower Saxony monitors compliance with data protection regulations and its right to inspect files. The Lower Saxony State Audit Office has a right of review with regard to

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432-409: Is an eagle catching a Christian fish , known as "Adler fängt Fisch" or "Adler fängt Ichthys", which symbolises the rejection of Christianity. It was registered as a trademark for the group in 2003, leading to neo-Nazis in Germany using the symbol afterwards. In 2012, this influenced the decision to reject a new coat of arms for the district of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte . "Struggle is part of life"

468-506: Is high enough to legally require an audit ( Revisionspflicht ). In Austria, all associations are registered in a special register, and having an e.V. in the name is not allowed. Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Lower Saxony The Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Lower Saxony is the state authority for the protection of the constitution of Lower Saxony , based in Hanover . In organizational terms, it

504-602: Is the Artglaube ("racial belief"). In contrast to other pagan organisations, neither Guido von List nor Lanz von Liebenfels plays any role. Important in their beliefs are theses by Schopenhauer , Nietzsche , Eduard von Hartmann and Feuerbach in order to attack Christian morality and to replace it with a pagan one. According to Fromm, belief in Gods is not important for the Artgemeinschaft. One symbol used by Artgemeinschaft

540-489: Is the basic type of a juridical person while the Gesellschaft is dogmatically more a partnership. Due to this theoretical distinction, the concept of Verein is also the legal basis for particular economic entities ( Kapitalgesellschaften ) such as GmbH and Aktiengesellschaft , which are also endowed with juridical personhood. These are regulated in separate statutes as special economic associations but bear

576-626: The Berliner Montagsclub , founded in 1749. The first cross-class associations were founded in German-speaking coutries during the 18th century. As a result of industrialisation during the nineteenth century, modern clubs, societies and federations began to develop, including those focused on culture, education and socialising. The term 'association' is commonly used interchangeably with e.V. along with 'club', 'society', and other classifications denoting non-profit entities. This term refers to

612-952: The far-right , from militant neo-fascists to representatives of the Neue Rechte (New Right). The French theoretician of the New Right Pierre Krebs is member of Artgemeinschaft as well as the right-wing author Claus Nordbruch. Stephan Ernst, the murderer of politician Walter Lübcke was a member of Artgemeinschaft until 2011. The Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Lower Saxony named Artgemeinschaft in connection to right-wing settlement movements in Lower Saxony and Mecklenburg Vorpommern . Registered association (Germany) An eingetragener Verein ( German: [ˈaɪnɡəˌtʁaːɡənɐ fɛʁˈʔaɪn] ; "registered association" or "incorporated association"), abbreviated e.V. ( German: [ˌeːˈfaʊ] ),

648-512: The police searched the homes of 39 members in twelve federal states. The authorities confiscated the association's assets. According to the Federal Ministry of the Interior , the right-wing extremist group is "against the idea of international understanding" and "against the constitutional order". Interior Minister Nancy Faeser (SPD) has banned the association. The association's magazine, the völkisch Nordische Zeitung ("Nordic Newspaper"),

684-602: The Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior and Sport is structured as follows: The Office for the Protection of the Constitution is subject to various controls. These include general parliamentary control by the members of the Lower Saxony State Parliament due to the reporting obligations of the Minister of the Interior and Sport in the context of current affairs, minor and major inquiries or petitions. There

720-572: The Meistersinger) and events were run. Societies based on language were formed in the seventeenth century, with exclusive English upper class gentlemen's clubs of the eighteenth century, Masonic lodges , the literary societies of the Enlightenment , and political clubs of the French Revolution being some of the earliest examples. One of the most notable social clubs of the early period was

756-648: The Office for the Protection of the Constitution is the Basic Law and the Federal Constitutional Protection Act. The specific legal basis is the State Constitutional Protection Act in the version announced on August 2, 2021 (Nds. GVBl. p. 564). The task of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution is to collect and evaluate information, in particular factual and personal information, news and documents, on The Office for

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792-497: The Protection of the Constitution informs the Lower Saxony State Parliament and the Lower Saxony State Government about the nature and extent of efforts and activities. On the basis of its evaluation results, it informs the public about efforts and activities through summary reports and other measures and also counteracts such efforts and activities by offering information and opportunities to opt out. The Office for

828-622: The Protection of the Constitution is involved in security checks, technical security measures to protect facts , objects or findings that need to be kept secret in the public interest against access by unauthorized persons, in the screening of persons in other cases provided for by law and in the screening of persons in the public interest with their consent. The Office for the Protection of the Constitution may use intelligence means to covertly gather information , in particular to covertly collect personal data, which are exhaustively listed in Section 14 of

864-685: The State Constitution Protection Act. These include the use of informants, undercover employees , surveillance , monitoring of radio traffic , the use of legends, cover documents and identification marks, monitoring of letters, post and telecommunications traffic in accordance with Article 10 of the Act and covert monitoring of the Internet. The Office for the Protection of the Constitution may also inspect files, records and registers kept by public bodies. Department 5 (Constitutional Protection) in

900-506: The bombs for the assassinations of the “Group Otte” operating in Lower Saxony. He had worked with the bombers on behalf of the Lower Saxony Office for the Protection of the Constitution. The journalist Andrea Röpke was monitored by the Lower Saxony Office for the Protection of the Constitution from 2006 to 2012. A request by the journalist to the Office for the Protection of the Constitution in 2012 as to whether data about her had been stored

936-412: The budget. The actions of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution can be judicially reviewed on an ad hoc basis. Ultimately, the Office for the Protection of the Constitution is subject to constant and intensive monitoring by the public and the media, who critically assess its tasks and work. As only became known in 1986, the Lower Saxony Office for the Protection of the Constitution carried out

972-528: The district court of its seat or, if directed by state law, as a centralized register for the Land its seat is located in. In other German-speaking countries such a distinction does not exist. But there may be legal requirements which oblige an association to register itself; for example, in Switzerland there is no association registry, but an association must be listed in the commercial register if its yearly turnover

1008-524: The extreme right-wing. It doesn't shut itself off from right-wing terrorism at all. The Artgemeinschaft runs under the label of nature-religiousness and ancestral commemoration. But the Artgemeinschaft is actually one of the most conspiratorial – and I would say – most dangerous structures that we have in Germany. Andrea Röpke , Right-wing extremism analyst Membership was regulated according to racial criteria; only "northern born" people may become members. The members belong to different currents of

1044-467: The method of the travel route search measures. He was often present when the heads of counter-espionage at the state offices for the protection of the constitution met with representatives of Department 4 of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV), which is responsible for counter-espionage. He was listed as an unofficial employee Maurer (XV 3199/82) and received 40,000 DM annually,

1080-447: The right of citizens to unite under a common purpose and strive for common goals together. The right of free assembly is also one that can be derived directly from laws regarding personal freedom. The Civil Code of Germany regulates registered non-profit, and for-profit associations regarded as juridical persons ( Vereine ) in sections 21–79 and any other associations by contract ( Gesellschaften ) in sections 705–740. The Verein

1116-684: The same basic features. The Gesetz zur Regelung des öffentlichen Vereinsrechts (VereinsG) ("Act regulating the public law of associations") and the associated regulations Verordnung zur Durchführung des Gesetzes zur Regelung des öffentlichen Vereinsrechts (Vereinsgesetz) ("Regulation implementing the Act regulating ...") contain specific provision on the rights and duties of Vereine in general. All natural and juridical persons in Germany, municipalities, counties, and other entities under public law, can form associations and be members of an association. This means that associations are not limited to private clubs formed by natural persons but have

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1152-624: The status of a charitable organization ( Gemeinnützigkeit ). The oldest known social club is La Court de Bonne Compagnie, established in London and mentioned in 1413. The club was set up by a group of devout Templars for the purpose of "charitable causes". To represent the professional interests of craft and merchant guilds , societies or clubs were formed in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, through which community and various social functional spaces (such as guild houses and music guilds of

1188-654: The two employees of the Lower Saxony Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Hans-Joachim Armborst and Wilhelm Balke, were double agents of the Ministry for State Security (MfS) of the GDR. Armborst's and Balke's information gave the Stasi insight into the activities and plans of the state office for years until the fall of the Berlin Wall. Armborst was head of the methodological counter-espionage department. Among other things, he revealed

1224-463: Was Axel Schunk from Stockstadt in Bavaria. Artgemeinschaft mixed far-right ideology with Nordic and Teutonic religions such as Ásatrú , but also elements of atheism . In the 1960s some theosophic and so-called ariosophic aspects were added. The group was xenophobic and antisemitic . A belief of the party is Artgemeinschaft (loosely translated as "racial community"), a basic tenet of which

1260-402: Was denied. However, this statement was false. In September 2013, the Lower Saxony Office for the Protection of the Constitution informed sports journalist Ronny Blaschke that he had been illegally placed in an extremism database. As it turned out a short time later, he had only been observed by mistake. It was a case of a mix-up of names. The person in question was Ronald Blaschke, born in 1959,

1296-408: Was not directly involved in counter-espionage activities.. From May 1980 to August 1989, he was responsible for 658 pieces of information, mainly relating to the operational work of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution. In 1994, Balke was sentenced by the Celle Higher Regional Court to nine years in prison for treason and bribery. In the 1980s, Hans Dieter Lepzien ( NSDAP/AO ) constructed

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