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72-400: In 1927, a lively development started near Oranjestad , located on the coast of the island of Aruba. This development would ultimately have a significant influence on the daily life of this small town, bringing notable changes to employment opportunities for many residents and equally substantial changes to their prospects for livelihood. Oranjestad underwent substantial transformation, becoming

144-781: A Convair 400 were both deliberately sunk about 50 yards (46 m) offshore to create a diving site. Flamingoes can be seen on the island. However, they are not native to Aruba. Oranjestad is conveniently connected to the Queen Beatrix International Airport , located 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the city center. The downtown area is serviced by a tramway line . Caya G. F. Betico Croes , commonly known as Main Street or Caya , serves as Aruba's primary shopping destination in Oranjestad. However, in recent years, shoppers have increasingly favored Lloyd G. Smith Boulevard,

216-485: A hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ). Temperatures are high year-round, the air is humid with low diurnal temperature variation also year-round, whilst rainfall is very low due to the region lying in a zone of divergence between the southeast trade winds to the south and the North American Monsoon further north. The exception to this aridity occurs during the short rainy season from September to January when

288-427: A Roman Catholic school were established. Besides Papiamento , it appeared that English was on the verge of surpassing Dutch as the dominant language. Isaac Wagemaker served as the lieutenant governor of Aruba from 1928 to 1945, actively striving to ensure Aruba kept pace with the times. To the west of Paardenbaai , cargo ships anchored, and a significant amount of construction material was transported from them to

360-645: A capacity of 2600 tons, were developed for transporting crude oil from oil fields around Lake Maracaibo to Aruba. After the refinery and fleet were put into operation, marking the completion of the initial construction phase of Arend Petroleum Company, the production remained at its full capacity for the following seven years as described earlier. However, in 1935, there were some changes. The expansions undertaken by Curaçao Petroleum Industries Company Ltd.  [ nl ; fr ; es ] (CPIM) and Lago Oil and Transport Company Ltd. in Curacao and Aruba, respectively, led to

432-524: A continuous series of lightnings that are almost continuous and silent. This makes Lake Maracaibo the place with the most frequent lightning on Earth. There are about 233 lightning strikes per square kilometer in a year on average. The nocturnal thunderstorms occur on average about 297 days per year. At its peak in September, the lake area can experience up to 280 lightning strikes per hour, approximately 28 lightning strikes per minute, lasting up to 9 hours, and

504-764: A decline around 1822 or 1823 due to a civil war, during which Simon Bolivar and the independence movement expelled the Spaniards from South America. Similar to Curaçao, trade dwindled, but a new drive for Aruban colonization emerged—the discovery of gold in 1824. During the visit of Governor Paulus Roelof Cantz'laar in 1824, the village was named Oranjestad after William I of the Netherlands . Hoezee! Hoezee! Hoezee! Lang leve de Oranjestad! zij groeije en bloeije! Hooray! Hooray! Hooray! Long live Oranjestad! May it grow and flourish! In 1805, Paardenbaai had 32 houses, which increased to 185 by 1824 and 196 by 1832. The village

576-506: A densely populated city. It hosted three banks: the Dutch Bank for the West Indies (represented by John Eman), Curiël's Bank (represented by W. Craane), and Maduro's Bank (represented by Adriaan Laclé). Notable trading houses included Laclé, Arends, Debrot and Hart, Craane, Mansur, and Luis Posner. Ruiz' ice factory expanded and incorporated state-of-the-art machinery. Both a public school and

648-551: A marina to address the insufficient docking space for yachts and fishing boats. Oranjestad is home to the University of Aruba , which offers programs in law and economics, and to the island's largest secondary school ( Colegio Arubano ), both modeled on the Dutch system. Many students enroll in universities in the Netherlands for graduate and postgraduate degrees. Lake Maracaibo Lake Maracaibo ( Spanish : Lago de Maracaibo )

720-411: A population increase but also brought about a significant increase in prosperity for Oranjestad. In Oranjestad along Paardenbaai, residents included traders, shopkeepers, and craftsmen. A select few, with larger pieces of land, ships, and shops, constituted the wealthier class. However, excessive wealth was rare. City houses usually resembled those in the districts. Notably luxurious city houses emerged in

792-399: A slight decrease in the supply of crude oil to the smaller "Arend" refinery. From 1935 to 1938, the company had to adjust to more modest processing and could not always operate at its maximum capacity. In order to meet the growing global demand for a wider range of end products, the refinery underwent an expansion in 1935. Alongside the existing Trumble distillation facility, a cracking unit

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864-450: A total capacity of 350,000 cubic metres (12,000,000 cu ft). After intensive work, the refinery was finished in the early months of 1928. It was put into operation in May of that year, showing promising results. Shortly thereafter, it achieved a processing capacity of 3,000 tons of crude oil per day, producing fuel oil , gas oil , diesel oil , and gasoline . Three tanker ships, each with

936-409: Is a major environmental problem facing the lagoon. The area around the lagoon is inhabited by a quarter of the country's population and is also the place with the most frequent lightning on Earth. The famous Catatumbo lightning can illuminate nighttime navigation. Lake Maracaibo is located within the eponymous basin and is one of the oldest lakes on earth. It was formed 36 million years ago when

1008-864: Is also home to two endangered aquatic mammals, the West Indian manatee and the Amazon river dolphin . About 145 species of fish inhabit the lake, including many endemic species such as the Maracaibo half-hooked catfish ( Hypostomus maracaiboensis ), the Maracaibo hairy catfish ( Trichomycterus maracaiboensis ), the Maracaibo Lake Lamont catfish ( Lamontichthys maracaibero ), Lake Maracaibo tetra ( Bryconamericus motatanensis ), and Maracaibo wolf anchovies ( Lycengraulis limnichthys ) living in surface waters. The lake has been drilled about 14,000 times, and more than 15,000 miles of oil and gas pipelines criss-cross

1080-405: Is capable of illuminating nighttime navigation. The aboriginal Añú  [ es ] people who lived on the banks of the lake refer to it as Coquivacoa. The tribes of Wayuu , Caquetíos , and Quiriquires also lived in the area. When Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci and Spanish explorer Alonso de Ojeda 's fleet sailed here on August 24, 1499 (the first time Europeans entered this area),

1152-422: Is deep in the south and shallow in the north. The northern half of the lake, which looks like a bottleneck, is 55 kilometers long. The southeastern edge of the lake basin with a flat bottom is steep and the northwestern edge is gentle. The southern part is lighter due to river water injection, while the northern part is slightly salty due to tidal influence. The Catatumbo River forms a bird-foot-shaped delta in

1224-643: Is geographically a peninsula), while others like Toad have tectonic origins. The majority of the islands are located in the area of the Tablazo Bay and forms the Almirante Padilla municipality  [ es ] . The islands of Burro, Providencia, Hijacal, Pájaros, and the artificial islands are located at the neck of the lake and belong to other municipalities. Natural islands of Lake Maracaibo: Artificial islands of Lake Maracaibo: The 8,678 metres (28,471 ft) long General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge connects

1296-399: Is home to the football teams SV Dakota , SV Racing Club Aruba , and SV River Plate Aruba , all of which play in the top Aruban Division di Honor . Air Aruba once had its headquarters in Oranjestad. Air Aruba suspended its operations on 23 October 2000. Tiara Air has had its head office in Oranjestad since 2006, except between 2014 and 2016 when the company suspended services due to

1368-563: Is located in northwestern Venezuela , between the states of Zulia , Trujillo , and Mérida . While Maracaibo is commonly referred to as a lake, its current hydrological characteristics may better classify it as estuary and/or semi-enclosed bay connected to the Gulf of Venezuela . With a surface area of 13,512 km (5,217 sq mi), if counted as a lake it would be the largest in South America , ahead of Lake Titicaca, as well as one of

1440-661: Is located in the Maracaibo lowland in the faulted basin between the Perija Mountains and the Merida Mountains of the Eastern Cordillera Mountains in northwestern Venezuela. The lake is in the shape of a vase. It is 210 kilometers long from north to south, 121 kilometers wide from east to west, covers an area of 13,512 square kilometers, the deepest is 35 meters, the shore length is about 1000 kilometers, and

1512-539: The Socotoro , a governmental plantation, cultivated cochineal known for its carmine -red dye , and by 1845 Socotoro was allocated for aloe cultivation. Socotoro was not the sole plantation or area in Oranjestad to have cultivated the cochineal mites; Companashi, Mon Plaisir, and Sividivi were also included. The establishment of the Lago Oil and Transport Company and Arend Petroleum Company , oil refineries, not only led to

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1584-498: The Venezuelan coast, in Coro , and nearby areas. Imports encompassed items such as food, clothing, tools, and more. Additionally, red slaves were transported from the mainland. Illegal trade from Paardenbaai spurred the growth of Playa village. The command's relocation played a key role in this development. Although the exact date of the commander's move to Playa is unknown, Fort Zoutman

1656-475: The capital and most populous of Aruba 's eight regions, is located on the southwestern coast of the island. In Papiamento , the local language, Oranjestad is commonly referred to as " Playa " by the locals. Administratively, the Oranjestad is divided into two regions: East and West. In 2010, the capital had a population of 28,294, and by 2020, it increased to 28,658. Since 1754, European settlers established modest plantations along Aruba's south coast and

1728-631: The oldest lakes on Earth , having formed 36 million years ago in the Andes Mountains . The lake is connected to the Gulf of Venezuela to the north by a narrow spit . It is fed by numerous rivers, the biggest being the Catatumbo River . The fault in the northern section has collapsed and is rich in oil and gas resources. It is Venezuela's main oil producing area and an important fishing and agricultural producing area. Eutrophication caused by oil pollution

1800-552: The stilt houses in which the Añú lived in reminded Vespucci of the Italian city of Venice , so he named the region Veneziola ( Venezuela in Spanish), or "Little Venice". Spain made two attempts to establish settlements around the lake in 1529 and 1569, but it was not until 1574 that the city of Maracaibo was successfully established. The Privateer Henry Morgan raided settlements on the lake in

1872-582: The village by the bay . Governor Johann Lauffer granted permission to settle at the bay and engage in trade, with the condition that trade goods were sourced from Curaçao . Jewish settlers in Aruba, likely driven by the economic decline in Curaçao, engaged in smuggling discreetly. Fluent in Spanish , they leveraged their connections with the mainland via the predominantly Jewish-controlled Curaçao trade (see History of

1944-600: The "Arend" pier, but fortunately, the ship had been emptied of gas. Despite sustaining significant damage, it remained afloat without catching fire. Another torpedo landed on the Druif/Eagle Beach near the saltwater pumping house of the refinery. On February 17, Captain Robert Briskin of the US army and a Dutch officer inspected the torpedo, and authorities determined it to be a dud. However, when Dutch experts attempted to dismantle

2016-574: The Andean mountains and lakes. The Lake District is home to a quarter of Venezuela's population, and with the influx of farmers from the nearby Andes, the population of the Lake District increased from about 300,000 in 1936 to over 3.62 million in 2007. Lake Maracaibo possesses highly oxygenated waters which makes it rich in algae, and in turn fish, making it very biologically diverse. It is home to clams, blue crabs , shrimp and other aquatic products, and

2088-561: The Jews in Curaçao ). The Sephardim , facing economic challenges, established independent trading colonies in the Caribbean around 1796, maintaining close links with Curaçao in trade, religion, and marriage. Smuggling played a pivotal role in Jews choosing Aruba as their settlement. Choosing Paardenbaai ("Bay of Horses") as a trading hub, rather than Commandeursbaai ("Commander's bay") in Savaneta

2160-623: The Renaissance Marketplace (formerly Seaport Marketplace) and Queen Wilhelmina Park situated on reclaimed land. Additionally, the Important Bird Area MPA Oranjestad Reef Islands is located adjacent to the main harbor. Aruba is categorized into 8 regions, each with its respective zones. Oranjestad is further divided into two regions: Oranjestad West and Oranjestad East, each comprising 8 zones. Oranjestad West Oranjestad East Oranjestad has

2232-588: The Spring of 1669 and defeated a Spanish squadron sent to intercept him. On July 24, 1823, Venezuela won the famous Battle of Lake Maracaibo on the lake during the Venezuelan War of Independence . The original depth of the lake mouth, which was only more than 4 meters deep, was increased to 8 meters after dredging in the 1930s, and the 3-kilometer-long stone breakwater was further increased to 11 meters after its completion in 1957, allowing ocean-going tankers to enter

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2304-475: The Taratata Shipyard, was chosen as the site for constructing an oil pier for the refinery. In early 1928, after completing the pier and the necessary pipeline system, the first shipment of crude oil from Venezuela arrived here for storage in the tanks of Arend Petroleum Company. These tanks had also been constructed further inland. The oil pier mentioned was a steel structure that extends 400 meters into

2376-672: The Venezuelan Airline Crisis. Several modern recreations have emerged, including the outdoor shopping mall at Royal Plaza, and a few scattered buildings along Main Street and on the Main Square. The late 18th century Fort Zoutman is one of the town's main attractions and the oldest structure on Aruba. It is regarded by UNESCO as a 'Place of Memory of the Slave Trade Route in the Latin Caribbean'. Others attractions on

2448-443: The attack, they heroically rescued numerous survivors from the impacted tanker ships, ensuring their safe return to land. In late 1942, due to practical reasons, the decision was made to temporarily close down the oil processing facilities of the "Arend" refinery. The demands of wartime operations necessitated a greater supply of various aviation fuels , which this refinery lacked the necessary equipment to produce. Therefore, priority

2520-457: The bottom of the lake to float to the surface of the lake, which in turn allowed the duckweed to rapidly multiply and triggered a bloom that lasted for up to eight months. The blooms were noted in June to have covered 18% of the lake, and the local government had to begin spending about $ 2 million per month on cleanup work. Numerous oil spills , at least partly attributed to deficient maintenance, and

2592-558: The bottom of the lake, resulting in the accumulation of more than a five kilometer thick deposit of sediment on the bedrock. In the Pliocene , the depression of today's Lake Maracaibo reached what would be practically its current form. The numerous rivers that flow into the lake have been defining its banks, especially those that form the southern delta of the lake, where the Escalante , Catatumbo and Santa Ana rivers converge. Lake Maracaibo

2664-405: The center of gatherings and various festivities since the establishment of the company. Furthermore, the company provided tennis courts , an outdoor cinema , a swimming pool , a golf course , and a sport field for employees in this area. Initially, the company managed its own hospital for its personnel, but since the reopening in 1945, this arrangement had been discontinued, but a company clinic

2736-407: The city of Maracaibo, the lake water is contaminated with E. coli from feces, oil pollution, and eutrophication caused by agricultural sewage discharged into the lake, as well as domestic and industrial wastewater, resulting in the blooms of duckweed and green algae . The presence of large amounts of duckweed blocks the passage of sunlight, significantly affecting biological cycles, preventing

2808-416: The city's main thoroughfare. This shift is partly due to the boulevard's proximity to the cruise ship terminal ad harbour area. Paardenbaai is the largest passenger port on the island, accommodating up to five vessels. For cargo vessels, there's a port at Barcadera , situated 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east. Plans are underway to enhance loading capacity at Oranjestad, including the construction of

2880-525: The company houses in the Eagle village, in close proximity to the facilities. The workforce mainly consisted of Aruban workers who resided across the entire island and commute to work daily by truck. The majority of the office consisted of Englishmen. Eagle Village was located about one kilometer east of Punta Braboe. The area consisted of approximately 24 houses that were constructed. The houses were wooden bungalows, arranged around their own clubhouse, which has been

2952-537: The construction displays features reminiscent of English architectural styles found in the Leeward Islands and the southern United States. The architect responsible for the design of the building is unidentified. However, it is plausible that they had a background in the construction department of the Royal Dutch Shell, considering the presence of colonial architectural elements. In a letter dated April 19, 1929,

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3024-497: The development of native algae and plant species. Additionally, duckweed residues accumulate at the bottom, generating a layer of organic elements that produces large amounts of ammonium, methane and other compounds whose saturation causes eutrophication of the waters. In the spring of 2004, heavy rains fell in the Lake Maracaibo basin, causing a large influx of fresh water into the lake. This caused nutrients originally deposited on

3096-456: The east of the lake. On the northwest coast is the capital of Zulia State , the second largest city in Venezuela and an important oil export port in the world. The lake area is also an important fishing and agricultural production area in Venezuela, supporting more than 20,000 fishermen, many of whom live in colorful traditional stilt houses built with iron sheets on the lake. The main crops on

3168-498: The end of 1942. Following the onset of World War II , the production of Arend Petroleum Company was progressively oriented towards meeting the high demand for oil in wartime activities. During the third year of the war, on a dark night on February 16, 1942, Aruba was attacked by a German submarines U-156 . The assailant targeted several ships near the island and at the piers of the oil companies operating in Aruba, causing considerable damage. A German torpedo struck an American vessel at

3240-527: The facilities were fully restored within a month. Work resumed without interruption or reduced capacity. Some tanks were relocated to Venezuela and Colombia due to decreased post-war demand. Nevertheless, the Arend still maintained a strorage capacity of 350,000,000 liters (92,000,000 U.S. gal). At that time, the number of employees in the Arend company amounted to 440 people, of whom about forty, due to their nature of their work, resided with their families in

3312-510: The faults collapsed when the Andes were uplifted in the late Eocene . In the geological history, sea water and fresh water have alternated many times, and have flooded the area. At the end of the last glacial period , the sea level rose, connecting Lake Maracaibo directly with the Atlantic Ocean , and the lighter fresh water floated on the heavier salt water, causing nutrients to be deposited on

3384-436: The flat northwestern region, leading to the emergence of the first residential centers. In the early 20th century, the island was divided into four " districts ": the first district, Playa, the second with Noord , the third with Santa Cruz , and the fourth with Sabaneta ( Savaneta ). By 1795 or 1796, as Aruba opened up and trade restrictions eased, urban development commenced. Traders and craftsmen subsequently migrated to

3456-400: The increased wartime production. Nonetheless, The Arend storage and shipping facilities played a crucial role as a transit point for temporary storage and transshipment of crude oil and finished products. Nearby oil companies, CPIM and Lago, highly values this extra storage space. With the war progressing favorably, the refinery anticipated reopening in early 1945. Personnel eagerly returned as

3528-459: The indiscriminate discharge of sewage without prior treatment, have significantly deteriorated the water quality, to the point that in some parts of the Zulia area, the water presents levels of contamination that are very dangerous for health. Within the existing polluting activities, the mining of mineral coal has started more recently, which further contaminates the basin with pollutants. Likewise,

3600-603: The island include the tax-free harbour and the Willem III Tower, located near the fort. There are about eight museums on the island. The touristically named Renaissance Island (formerly Sonesta Island) is a 40-acre (16 ha) cay (or barrier reef) island, officially known as the Bucuti Rif and it is off the coast near Oranjestad. It is privately owned and has the only private beaches on Aruba. There are two beaches: Iguana Beach and Flamingo Beach. A Beechcraft 18 and

3672-413: The lake area is 28 °C, the precipitation is more in the south and less in the north, and the average annual rainfall in the south is 1400 mm. The mountain wind from the Andes at night contacts the warm and humid air on the lake surface, forming an average of 297 mm per year. The meteorological phenomenon known as Catatumbo lightning takes place in southern part of the lake, characterized by

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3744-437: The lake floor, but most of these pipelines are half a century old, with oil leaking from many aging underwater pipes. Before the 1950s, the lake water could still be used directly for domestic use, but then due to the intrusion of tidal salt water caused by the widening of the lake mouth channel, the salinity of the northern lake area increased by about 1,000%, and the south also increased by 300–500%. In lakeside towns such as

3816-415: The lake, At the same time, the northern part, which was originally fresh water, became brackish. The 8,678-meter General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge over the lake connecting Maracaibo and Santa Rita was completed in 1962. Lake Maracaibo is rich in oil and gas resources and is known as the "oil lake". The first Spaniards who arrived used tar seeping from the lake to fill ship cracks. The Maracaibo oil field

3888-758: The lieutenant governor mentioned the visit of an engineer named Abelard Soray to the Director of Public Works in Curaçao. Soray was described as having extensive knowledge in house construction, urban planning, and road development, and had previously worked for the Arend Company from 1927 to 1928. It is possible that Soray was the architect behind Arend's headquarters. Oranjestad, Aruba Oranjestad ( UK : / ɒ ˈ r æ n j ə s t ɑː t / orr- AN -yə-staht , US : / ɔː ˈ r ɑː n -, oʊ ˈ r ɑː n -/ or- AHN -, oh- RAHN - , Dutch: [oːˈrɑɲəstɑt] ; literally " Orange City"),

3960-649: The newly built dock from cargo ships . Similar to the neighboring island of Curaçao, Aruba is strategically positioned in relation to the abundant oil fields in Venezuela . The favorable location of the Arend Petroleum Company near Oranjestad was a direct result of this advantage. Additionally, the significant role played by the increasing global demand for oil products during the early 20th century further motivated this establishment. A prominent coastal point, located approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of

4032-431: The open sea in an "F" shape. It was specifically designed to handle two large ocean tankers for transporting processed oil products, as well as two small tanker ships called lake tankers for importing crude oil from Venezuela. This configuration allows for simultaneous loading and unloading operations to take place. At first, the construction personnel stayed in temporary sheds and tents on Druifbaai Beach while building

4104-455: The period following the arrival of the oil industry ( c.  1924-1930 ), as the business elite capitalized on the economic boost brought about by the oil industry. In terms of geomorphology, Oranjestad is situated on limestone sediments from the Early Miocene , dating back to approximately 24 Ma . The city also includes man-made expansion into the sea, featuring notable areas such as

4176-596: The pier and refinery. As the company's residential houses were completed in the initial months, they relocated to the Eagle village situated between the factory site and Oranjestad. The refinery included a "Trumble" crude oil distillation facility (a less efficient and environmental friendly process than crude oil distillation unit (CDU) ), a boiler house for steam supply, an electric power plant for lighting and power generation, an oxygen and ice factory, as well as necessary pumping installations, warehouses , workshops , office spaces , and several oil storage tanks with

4248-419: The shore using smaller boats called lighters . With this material, the construction of the Taratata Shipyard, which has become well known in Aruba, commenced as the first building project at the location. Soon after the completion of the Taratata Shipyard, a continuous flow of essential heavy equipment for constructing an oil refinery, including tanks and an oil loading and unloading jetty , started arriving at

4320-495: The so-called cañadas , which are random drainage courses, drag large amounts of garbage from the human settlements that are in their path to the lake. In addition to this, residential waste such as plastic bags and bottles are also added. These pollutants all eventually get carried into the lake. There are many islands in the lake. Some primarily consist of sedimentary rock , such as the Zapara, Pescadores, and San Carlos islands (which

4392-553: The south bank of the lake are bananas, peanuts, cocoa, coconut, sugar cane and coffee, the western shore of the lake developed dairy industry. Lake Maracaibo and the Catatumbo River are the main traffic lines for the transportation of commodities in the nearby area, and the city of Maracaibo is the transshipment center of coffee produced in the Andes. The waterway can pass through large sea-going ships and oil tankers, exporting crude oil and agricultural and livestock products from

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4464-504: The southward retreat of the Intertropical Convergence Zone generates more frequent moist northeasterly winds. There is some Dutch Colonial architecture . Due to increased government interest in maintaining the island's cultural heritage, a number of old buildings and houses in the center of town have been transformed into colorfully restored landmarks, such as the lime-colored City Hall on Wilhelminastraat. Oranjestad

4536-399: The southwest of the lake basin, and the surface lake water in the delta has a salinity of only 0.13%. However, the intrusion of seawater from the mouth of the lake makes the salinity of the bottom lake water higher, reaching 0.2–0.3%. The north is connected with the Gulf of Venezuela , and the spit at the mouth of the lake extends for about 26 kilometers. The annual average temperature of

4608-404: The torpedo, it unexpectedly exploded, claiming the lives of four Dutch Navy marines. Among the brave marines who tragically lost their lives were Leonardus Kooijman, Johannes Vogelezang, Pieter Joosse, and Dirk Adriaan Cornelis de Maagd. It is worth acknowledging the exceptional corage displayed by the fishermen of Oranjestad during those perilous days. Promptly setting sail in their boats during

4680-497: The volume is about 280 cubic kilometers. The largest river entering the lake, the Catatumbo River , enters the lake from west to east, providing 57% of the water entering the lake. In addition to the influence of the prevailing wind, the lake water circulates counterclockwise. There are also the Santa Ana River, Chama River , Motatán River , Escalante River , and about fifty other rivers which drain into it. Lake Maracaibo

4752-489: Was available, while any other necessary hospital care was provided at the San Pedro Hospital in Aruba. Since its establishment, the Arend has been responsible for the electricity supply of nearby Oranjestad. The former headquarters' architecture incorporates elements from the building styles used in the former Dutch East Indies , including encompassing covered verandas and expansive roof overhangs . Additionally,

4824-421: Was built. In the subsequent years, from 1936 to 1938, the tank storage facility was also expanded to accommodate larger quantities and a greater variety of products, resulting in a total storage capacity of over 700,000 cubic metres (25,000,000 cu ft). By early 1939, a more consistent supply of crude oil was achieved, allowing the company to operate at full capacity once again. This momentum continued until

4896-456: Was described in 1837 as "of great size but so irregularly built that it resembles more a heap of scattered houses than anything that can be called a city". In 1860, approximately 1,000 out of Aruba's 2,849 inhabitants resided in the capital. In Oranjestad-west, the Ranchoe (or Rancho ) area formed a distinct neighborhood where the majority of the island's fishing population resided. In 1837,

4968-427: Was discovered in 1914, the first oil well was constructed in 1917, and large-scale exploitation began in 1922. The oil fields are concentrated in the northeast and northwest of the lake, and the oil-producing layers are mainly Tertiary sandstone and Cretaceous limestone, with a hydrocarbon-bearing area of 1,300 square kilometers, mainly concentrated in the coastal waters 105 kilometers long and 32 kilometers wide in

5040-431: Was erected in 1798, marking a significant period when traders shifted from Ponton to Paardenbaai. Following the commander's arrival, milestones in the village's early history included the construction of the first Catholic church , between 1800 and 1810 and the arrival of the initial Protestant religious instructor, Klaas van Eekhout, in 1822 were milestones in the early history of the village. The trade boom, however, saw

5112-409: Was influenced by its improved ship accessibility and the ongoing prohibition of trade and settlement east of Hooiberg , which included Commandeursbaai. They exported local products like cattle, sheep, poultry, Antillean dyewood ( Haematoxylum brasiletto ), and gold after 1824. However, the primary trade involved importing goods from Curaçao, which were then smuggled ashore using small vessels along

5184-584: Was to refineries that had the required facilities. As a result, all available crude oil from Venezuela was redirected to these refineries, ensuring maximum production of the essential oil products needed for the war effort. Consequently, the affected employees found temporary employment at the CPIM in Curaçao and the Lago Oil Transport Company Ltd in Aruba, where their skills were effectively utilized to support

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