Appalachian Ohio is a bioregion and political unit in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio , characterized by the western foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and the Appalachian Plateau . The Appalachian Regional Commission defines the region as consisting of thirty-two counties. This region roughly overlaps with the Appalachian mixed-mesophytic forests , which begin in southeast Ohio and southwest Pennsylvania and continue south to Georgia and Alabama . The mixed-mesophytic forest is found only in Central and Southern Appalachia and eastern/central China . It is one of the most biodiverse temperate forests in the world.
36-507: Geologically, Appalachian Ohio corresponds closely to the terminal moraine of an ancient glacier that runs southwest to northeast through the state. Areas south and east of the moraine are characterized by rough, irregular hills and hollows, characteristic of the Allegheny Plateau and Cumberland Plateaus of the western Appalachian Plateau System. Unlike eastern Appalachia, this region does not have long fin-like ridges like those of
72-483: A household in the county was $ 29,315, and the median income for a family was $ 34,714. Males had a median income of $ 30,000 versus $ 20,433 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 14,515. About 12.80% of families and 17.40% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.30% of those under age 18 and 16.00% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census , 28,550 people, 11,147 households, and 7,793 families resided in
108-563: A per capita market income of $ 22,294, compared with $ 29,344 statewide and $ 34,004 nationwide. In 2009, Appalachian Ohio had a poverty rate of 16%, compared to 13.6% statewide and 13.5% nationwide. Seven Ohio counties— Adams , Athens , Meigs , Morgan , Noble , Pike and Vinton —were designated "distressed", while nine— Ashtabula , Gallia , Guernsey , Harrison , Jackson , Lawrence , Monroe , Perry and Scioto —were designated "at-risk". The remaining half of Appalachian Ohio counties were designated "transitional", meaning they lagged behind
144-416: A structure that appears to be a barrier for water, there are still ways for the water to flow through. Water makes its way through glacial till to form streams and channels . Another landscape feature formed by terminal moraines are kettle lakes . These are produced during glacial recession when boulders or blocks of ice are left in place as the glacier recedes from the newly deposited terminal moraine. As
180-653: A three-member Board of County Commissioners who manage the various County departments. Adams County's elected commissioners are: Ty Pell, Diane Ward, and Barbara Moore. The Adams County Public Library serves the communities of Adams County, Ohio from its administrative location in Peebles and branches in Manchester , West Union , and Seaman . In 2005, the library system loaned more than 264,000 items to its 14,000 cardholders. Total holdings (as of 2005 ) were over 101,000 volumes with over 250 periodical subscriptions. Adams County
216-462: Is West Union . The county is named after John Adams , the second President of the United States . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has an area of 586 square miles (1,520 km ), of which 584 square miles (1,510 km ) is land and 2.4 square miles (6.2 km ) (0.4%) is water. It includes many parks and preserves, including one of Ohio's greatest archeological wonders,
252-402: Is a type of moraine that forms at the terminal (edge) of a glacier , marking its maximum advance. At this point, debris that has accumulated by plucking and abrasion, has been pushed by the front edge of the ice, is driven no further and instead is deposited in an unsorted pile of sediment. Because the glacier acts very much like a conveyor belt , the longer it stays in one place, the greater
288-446: Is called glacial till when deposited. Push moraines are formed when a glacier retreats from a previously deposited terminal moraine, only to push proglacial sediment or till into an existing terminal moraine. This process can make the existing terminal moraine far larger than its previous size. Dump moraines occur when rock, sediment, and debris, which accumulate at the top surface of the glacier, either slide, fall, or flow off of
324-564: Is found not only in ice cores , but also in the glacial till that was deposited. Rocks and sediment not native to one area could be found in a region completely foreign to that from which they were formed. This is the result of a prior terminal moraine being picked up and deposited by a newer glacial event. The terminal moraines resulting from the Last Glacial Maximum are the most informational features about glacial advance still present today. During glacial retreat, meltwater flows in
360-400: Is found within the ice, the longer it will take for complete melting to occur. Climate plays an important role in the formation of terminal moraines. As temperatures increase, glaciers begin to retreat faster, causing more glacial till to be deposited in the form of terminal moraines. However, when temperatures decrease, zone of accumulation goes into overdrive. This starts a process where
396-679: The Forno Glacier in the south-eastern canton of Graubünden near St. Moritz and the Italian border. In New Zealand the Franz Josef Glacier on the West Coast has created the terminal moraine called the Waiho Loop . Adams County, Ohio Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio . As of the 2020 census , the population was 27,477. Its county seat and largest village
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#1732848230482432-525: The Outer Lands is a name given to the terminal moraine archipelago of the northeastern region of the United States ( Cape Cod , Martha's Vineyard , Nantucket , Block Island and Long Island ). According to geologist George Frederick Wright some of the most prominent examples of terminal moraines on Long Island are "the most remarkable in the world". Other prominent examples of terminal moraines are
468-509: The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians subranges, but a network of rocky hollows and hills going in all directions. The region is considered part of "central Appalachia", a political, cultural, and bioregional classification that includes southeastern Ohio, Eastern Kentucky , most of West Virginia and Southwestern Virginia . The region has a total population of roughly 1.982 million. The Governor's Office of Appalachia subdivides
504-667: The Serpent Mound at the Serpent Mound State Memorial in Locust Grove . Serpent Mound lends its name to the Serpent Mound crater , the eroded remnant of a huge ancient meteorite impact crater. Other areas of note include parks and natural areas like The Edge of Appalachia Preserve , Shawnee State Park , Adams Lake State Park , and Robert H. Whipple State Nature Preserve. As of the 2000 United States Census , 27,330 people, 10,501 households, and 7,613 families resided in
540-584: The Tinley Moraine and the Valparaiso Moraine , perhaps the best examples of terminal moraines in North America. These moraines are most clearly seen southwest of Chicago. In Europe , virtually all the terrain in the central Netherlands is made up of an extended terminal moraine. In Switzerland , alpine terminal moraines can be found, one striking example being the moraine at the end of the valley of
576-498: The meltwater . Here, old vegetation is buried by the sediment, but new vegetation can still survive relatively well as long as it can acquire meltwater from the now receding glacier. Terminal moraines are one of the most prominent types of moraines in the Arctic . One notable terminal moraine is Trollgarden in Norway , once thought to be magically constructed by trolls . In North America,
612-404: The snout of the glacier. The accumulation of till will form a terminal moraine as the glacier retreats. Ablation moraines form when a large piece of ice, containing an accumulation of sediment and debris, breaks from the snout of the glacial. Once it is separated and begins to melt, the debris found throughout this glacial piece is deposited to form a new terminal moraine. The more debris that
648-411: The 11,147 households, 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.1% were non-families, and 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age was 39.6 years. The median income for a household in
684-470: The 32 counties of Appalachian Ohio into three smaller regions: East Central Ohio, South East Ohio, and Southern Ohio. The following lists include each county in the region and its county seat. Appalachian Ohio has several cities within its borders, which as of the 2010 census included the following localities: John Glenn Columbus International Airport , in Columbus , is the largest airport and serves most of
720-506: The Appalachian region, which was lagging far behind the rest of the nation on most economic indicators. The Appalachian region currently defined by the commission includes 420 counties in 13 states, including 32 counties in Ohio. The commission gives each county one of five possible economic designations— distressed, at-risk, transitional, competitive, or attainment— with "distressed" counties being
756-717: The accumulation of snow , in the zone of accumulation is greater than loss due to melting or ablation. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Northern hemisphere began its modern ice-age. Most of what is now Canada and northern portions of the United States were covered in ice sheets or mountain driven glaciers during the last stage of the Pleistocene Epoch . In the last 400,000 years there have been roughly four major glacial events. Evidence of these separate events
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#1732848230482792-448: The amount of material that will be deposited. The moraine is left as the marking point of the terminal extent of the ice. As a glacier moves along its path, the surrounding area is continuously eroding. Loose rock and pieces of bedrock are constantly being picked up and transported with the glacier. Fine sediment and particles are also incorporated into the glacial ice. The accumulation of these rocks and sediment together form what
828-447: The county was $ 32,791 and the median income for a family was $ 40,305. Males had a median income of $ 37,277 versus $ 25,746 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,693. About 18.8% of families and 23.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 30.0% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2020 United States Census , 27,477 people, 10,175 households, and 7,483 families resided in
864-448: The county. The economy of Adams County employs 10,100 people. Its largest industries are manufacturing (1,774 people), retail trade (1,618 people), and health care and social assistance (1,599 people), and the highest paying industries are utilities ($ 69,063), and finance and insurance ($ 56,938). A 2019 report identified Adams County as the poorest in Ohio with a 23.8% poverty rate and median household income of $ 36,320 ($ 16,000 less than
900-530: The county. The population density was 48.9 inhabitants per square mile (18.9/km ). There were 12,978 housing units at an average density of 22.2 per square mile (8.6/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 97.7% white, 0.4% American Indian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.9% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 17.6% were German , 16.5% were American , 15.3% were Irish , and 9.8% were English . Of
936-399: The county. The population density was 47 people per square mile (18 people/km ). There were 11,822 housing units at an average density of 20 per square mile (7.7/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 97.77% White , 0.18% Black or African American , 0.68% Native American , 0.12% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.11% from other races , and 1.10% from two or more races. 0.64% of
972-614: The highest high school graduation rate (84.5%), while Adams County has the lowest (68.6%). Although Holmes County has a significantly lower high school graduation rate than Adams County at 51.5%, its graduation rates are somewhat skewed compared to the rest of the region, due to the county's high population of Amish , whose children do not attend school past the eighth grade. Notable Americans from Appalachian Ohio include: 39°27′N 82°13′W / 39.450°N 82.217°W / 39.450; -82.217 Terminal moraine A terminal moraine , also called an end moraine ,
1008-473: The ice boulders melt, they begin to pool to form kettle lakes in the glacial outwash plain . The terminal moraine is the furthest point of disturbed sediment, which is formed into a long mound outlining the front edge of the glacier. This mound typically consists of a large quantity of rocks and boulders along with sediment, and can combine to reach a height of multiple meters. The process of uplifting and moving these large rocks and boulders negatively affects
1044-413: The local vegetation by either crushing them or contributing to the process of the glacier plowing the topsoil , which removes the vegetation from the soil completely, including the root systems . In this area of disturbed land, it is difficult for new vegetation to grow. Immediately beyond the terminal moraine is the glacial outwash plain , covered in a layer of sediment, with braided streams formed from
1080-401: The most economically endangered and "attainment" counties being the most economically prosperous. These designations are based primarily on three indicators— three-year average unemployment rate, market income per capita, and poverty rate. In 2009, Appalachian Ohio had a three-year average unemployment rate of 8.4%, compared with 7.5% statewide and 6.6% nationwide. In 2008, Appalachian Ohio had
1116-407: The national average on one of the three key indicators. No counties in Ohio were given the "attainment" or "competitive" designations. Athens County had Appalachian Ohio's highest poverty rating, with 32.8% of its residents living below the poverty line. Clermont had Appalachian Ohio's highest per capita income ($ 30,515) and Holmes had the lowest unemployment rate (5.5%). Washington County has
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1152-428: The opposite direction of the retreat, causing braided streams and channels to form. A terminal moraine creates a barrier helping to trap water in a newly-formed glacial lake . The positioning of the lake resulted from not only subsidence , but also the terminal moraine providing the foundation for the wall that holds the water in place. While the terminal moraine consists of a long mound of rock and sediment which forms
1188-498: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 38.5% were of American , 19.8% German , 11.7% Irish and 8.9% English ancestry according to Census 2000 . There were 10,501 households, out of which 34.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.10% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were non-families. 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.00% had someone living alone who
1224-402: The residents in southeast Ohio. John Glenn offers primarily domestic flights. Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport to the southwest serves most of the residents of Cincinnati and its metropolitan area , and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport to the north is also a major hub airport . The Appalachian Regional Commission was formed in 1965 to aid economic development in
1260-534: The state average). The county also has the state's highest unemployment rate at 6.8%. Poor economic conditions led to a 2.1% decrease in the county's population during the previous five years. Prior to 1936, Adams County was a swing county in presidential elections, holding bellwether status from 1896 to 1932. From 1936 on, the county has become strongly Republican and failed to back Republican candidates only in 1964 and 1976 since then, which also enabled it to regain bellwether status from 1964 to 1988. Adams County has
1296-457: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.03. In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.40% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 28.20% from 25 to 44, 23.40% from 45 to 64, and 13.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.80 males. The median income for
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