Misplaced Pages

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57-670: The Tinley Moraine is a secondary ridge north of the Valparaiso Morainic System . Mapping suggests, that the Lake Michigan Lobe probably receded northward of the Valparaiso Moraine and then advanced towards the Valparaiso Moraine to form the Tinley Moraine. The Tinley Moraine begins as an offshoot of the Valparaiso Moraine in southern Lake County, Illinois , in the kettle lake region around Lake Zurich and follows

114-825: A recessional moraine (a landform left by receding glaciers) that forms an immense U around the southern Lake Michigan basin in North America . It is a band of hilly terrain composed of glacial till and sand . The Valparaiso Moraine defines part of the continental divide known as the Saint Lawrence River Divide , bounding the Great Lakes Basin . It begins near the border of Wisconsin and Illinois and extends south through Lake , McHenry , Cook , DuPage and Will counties in Illinois , and then turns southeast, going through northwestern Indiana . From this point,

171-749: A fine grained lake sediments. The clay-rich and pebble-poor till implies that existence of a glacial lake on the margin of the ice. The till mixture predates the Lake Chicago beaches, of which the Glenwood Beach is the oldest and contemporary with the Lake Border Moraine along the Michigan shore. The Tinley Moraine would be an earlier recession of the Michigan Lobe a short ways north, returning southward, with both wind and water driven drifts, mixed with

228-454: A majority of the county's population lived outside of the four traditional industrial cities. Lake County still continues to struggle with urban decline and poverty, suburban sprawl and traffic jams, and a stagnating population. According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 626.56 square miles (1,622.8 km ), of which 498.96 square miles (1,292.3 km ) (or 79.63%) is land and 127.60 square miles (330.5 km ) (or 20.37%)

285-590: A majority of the population. The second wave of the Ku Klux Klan gained a large following here in the 1920s, as it did for a time in the rest of Indiana. The KKK organized against the numerous European immigrants, who were mostly Catholic. While the steel industry reigned supreme, other industries also found the county to be an ideal location for cheap land and well-developed transportation networks, such as automobiles, oil, chemicals, consumer goods, food processing, and construction supply companies. The Great Depression

342-503: A record high of 104 °F (40 °C) was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.75 inches (44 mm) in February to 4.69 inches (119 mm) in June. Temperatures at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) occur on average 11 days annually and exceed 90 °F (32 °C) degrees on 14 days. In winter, lake-effect snow increases snowfall totals compared to the areas to

399-590: A record turnout delayed the tallies, and polls closed an hour later than much of the state because Lake County is in the Central Time Zone . Early returns showed Senator Barack Obama leading by a potentially lead-changing margin, leaving the race between Senator Hillary Clinton and Obama "too close to call" until final tallies were reported. Crime The NWI Times reported that over 800 registered sex offenders live in Lake and Porter Counties of Indiana in 2021. As of

456-677: Is 670 feet (200 m) to 800 feet (240 m) in near the St. Joseph River and north to the Allegan and Van Buren county line. In Allegan County the moraine has its greatest variation. The highest point is 900 feet (270 m), while the low point near the Kalamazoo River is a little above 700 feet (210 m). The drift across the Valparaiso moraine and outwash plains is the result of repetitive ice advances and intervening recessions. This drift and

513-565: Is only about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Lake Michigan . The system is from 5 miles (8.0 km) or 6 miles (9.7 km) up to nearly 20 miles (32 km). It is narrowest in LaPorte County, Indiana and widest in Lake County, Indiana . In northern Illinois the moraines merge into a composite moraine, including parts of earlier stages.. The Valparaiso morainic system in Michigan includes

570-543: Is part of the historic Lincoln Highway . US 12 from Gary eastward is part of Dunes Highway . Cline Avenue (Indiana 912) from US 12 north and westward is known as the Highway Construction Workers Memorial Highway. The municipalities in Lake County, and their populations as of the 2020 Census, are: The 11 townships of Lake County, with their populations as of the 2020 Census, are: Despite

627-942: Is the Frank Borman Expressway from the Illinois state line east to the Indiana Toll Road interchange in the eastern portion of the county. Interstate 94 has been referred to as the Chicago-Detroit Industrial Freeway. US 6 is part of the Grand Army of the Republic Highway . Broadway (Indiana 53) is also the Carolyn Mosby Memorial Highway. Indiana 51 is known for its entire length as the Adam Benjamin Memorial Highway. US 30

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684-650: Is the local PBS station in the Chicago television market. These eight broadcast radio stations serve Lake County and are part of the Chicago market: In recent years, average temperatures in Lowell have ranged from a low of 14.4 °F (−9.8 °C) in January to a high of 83.8 °F (28.8 °C) in July, although a record low of −29 °F (−34 °C) was recorded in December 1989 and

741-539: Is water. It is the second-largest county in total area in Indiana, but has the largest water area of all 92 counties. The northern and southern portions of the county (north of U.S. 30 and south of Lowell) are mainly low and flat, except for a few sand ridges and dunes and were both once very marshy and had to be drained. The lowest point, at 585 feet (178 m), is along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The central part of

798-488: Is younger than the Tinley Moraine and dates from the Glenwood stage of glacial Lake Chicago . The Tinley Moraine is considered pre-Glenwood. The moraine is also touching southern Lynwood, Illinois , South of Cook County, Illinois and north of Will County, Illinois . There is little difference between the soils mixture of the Tinley Moraine and the Valparaiso Moraine. There is a greater quantity of silt and clay similar to

855-532: The 2010 United States Census , there were 496,005 people, 188,157 households, and 127,647 families residing in the county. The population density was 994.1 inhabitants per square mile (383.8/km ). There were 208,750 housing units at an average density of 418.4 per square mile (161.5/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 64.4% white, 25.9% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 5.8% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 16.7% of

912-566: The Constitution of Indiana , and by the Indiana Code . County Council: The county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in

969-641: The Diocese of Gary : Other parochial and private schools: The county is served by seven different public library systems: The Times , based in Munster, is the largest daily newspaper in Lake County and Northwest Indiana and the second largest in the state. Lake County is also served by the Post-Tribune , a daily newspaper based in Merrillville. Lakeshore Public Television operates WYIN-TV Gary on channel 56 and

1026-516: The Indiana House of Representatives , Lake is part of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th and 19th districts, which are held by four Democrats and four Republicans. In the 2008 Democratic presidential primary on May 6, 2008, Lake County was one of the last counties to report results. Lake County had reported no results at 11 p.m. ET , and at midnight ET, only 28% of Lake County's vote had been reported. A large number of absentee ballots and

1083-582: The Kalamazoo Moraine is of the same time period. It is the result of the Saginaw lobe of the Laurentian glacier . Glacial features, north to south from Lake Michigan: 41°30′37″N 87°3′29″W  /  41.51028°N 87.05806°W  / 41.51028; -87.05806 Lake County, Indiana Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana . In 2020, its population

1140-691: The Kankakee Outwash Plain until the Kankakee River is reached. The geographic center of Lake County is approximately 200 feet (60 m) northwest of Burr Street and West 113th Avenue in Center Township 41°24′53.8″N 87°24′14.3″W  /  41.414944°N 87.403972°W  / 41.414944; -87.403972 . Interstate 65 in Lake County is called the Casimir Pulaski Memorial Highway. Interstate 80/94/US 6

1197-452: The Kankakee River . An additional release may have been in the vicinity of the Deep River – Stoney Run divide east of Crown Point . 41°35′35″N 87°46′33″W  /  41.59306°N 87.77583°W  / 41.59306; -87.77583 This glaciology article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Valparaiso Moraine The Valparaiso Moraine is

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1254-476: The Potawatomi and generations of indigenous ancestors, Lake County was established by European Americans on February 16, 1837. From 1832 to 1836 the area that was to become Lake County was part of La Porte County . From 1836 to 1837 it was part of Porter County . It was named for its location on Lake Michigan . The original county seat was Liverpool , but in 1840 Lake Court House, later renamed as Crown Point,

1311-698: The Tinley Moraine and the Lake Border Moraine . Younger still is the Port Huron system, which occurs in the northern portion of the Lake Michigan Basin. The Cary substage dates to around 30,000 years before present. The Valparaiso system includes five moraines north of Chicago. The most northerly reach is to the headwaters of the Fox River in Waukesha County , west of Milwaukee . The moraine angles to

1368-709: The continental divide , many creeks or rivulets have their origin source in the Valparaiso Moraine. Water on one side of the moraine flows into Lake Michigan, through the Great Lakes , and eventually into the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River , while water run-off on the other side of the moraine flows into tributaries of the Mississippi River , which eventually flows into the Gulf of Mexico . The moraine divide

1425-430: The 1980s cast a long shadow over Lake County: the county did not regain the level of employment it had in 1980 until 1996, after which the employment level roughly flatlined. The county's economic output peaked in 1978, and has not since recovered, remaining 15-20% below the peak after adjusting for inflation. As prosperity declined, so did the immigration that powered the county's explosive population growth before 1950: per

1482-683: The 2000 census, only 5.3% of Lake County's residents were foreign-born, compared to over 11% for the United States as a whole. The population recovered somewhat during the 1990s and 2000s, as the local economy adjusted. Suburban growth has also been driven by commuter populations of workers who are employed in Chicago and commute via expressways or the South Shore Line . In 2007, it was estimated that 44,000 workers commuted from Lake County, Indiana, to Chicago for work. The decline of industrial cities and growth of suburbs has been so sharp, that by 1990

1539-585: The Des Plaines River bends to the west and forms the Illinois River , the moraine angles south and east, continuing along I-294 towards Chicago Heights . In this area, the moraine has widened out towards the south and east, becoming a broad plain covering large portions of Will and Kankakee counties. Turning eastward, the moraine enters Indiana. The moraine is 17 miles (27 km) wide as it passes through Lake County, Indiana , covering nearly half of

1596-410: The United States as a whole, with average income being approximately 12.9% lower. The national average surpassed Lake County sometime around 1986. Businesses with the largest number of employees in the county are: The administration of public schools in Lake County is divided among 16 corporations and governing bodies, more than any other Indiana county. Elementary and secondary schools operated by

1653-515: The acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government. Court: The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to

1710-554: The aging industrial cities. Lake County's population peaked at 546,000 in 1970. Severe industrial decline took place during the 1973-1991 period, brought on by foreign competition, new management philosophies that called for major workforce reductions, and productivity gains from technology. The decline was particularly intense in the steel industry: steel employment exceeded 60,000 in the 1960s, and declined progressively to just 18,000 by 2015. Lake County's population declined 13% to bottom out at 475,000 in 1990. The industrial decline of

1767-558: The coast and shipping on the Great Lakes. The 1900 Census gives a population of 37,892 residents. Inland Steel Company established a plant in East Chicago in 1903 and U.S. Steel founded one in Gary in 1906; with industrial jobs the demand for labor associated with industrial jobs, the county's population exploded. Immigrants poured into the area from all over Central and Eastern Europe (there

Tinley Moraine - Misplaced Pages Continue

1824-574: The county is higher and hillier. As you travel south from the low and relatively flat lake plain in the northern part of the county, the land gradually rises in elevation until the peak of the Valparaiso Moraine . The highest point, at 801 feet (244 m), is in northeastern Winfield Township near 109th Street and North Lakeshore Drive in Lakes of the Four Seasons. From here the land descends south into

1881-436: The county's midsection. As it passes through Porter County, Indiana , it is under the city of Valparaiso , from which it derives its name. Through Indiana, the moraine forms a "continental divide" between the drainage of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River . The moraine then turns northeast, passing just north of La Porte, Indiana , through the county of the same name. Upon entering Michigan

1938-502: The county. Board of Commissioners : County Council : Elected Officials :   † President While the state of Indiana is strongly Republican, having voted Republican in every election since 1964 (except in 2008), Lake County has long been a Democratic stronghold due to being part of the Chicago metropolitan area . It has given pluralities or majorities to Democrats in every presidential election since 1932 with

1995-403: The decline of heavy industry, manufacturing was still the largest employment sector in Lake County in 2010 with over 45,000 workers employed, followed closely by healthcare and social assistance at 44,000 workers, public administration at 40,000 workers, retail trade at 37,000 workers, accommodation and food services at 25,000 workers, and construction at 15,000 workers. Lake County's GDP in 2010

2052-646: The drift from the previous ice sheets of the Illinoian and Iowan glacial periods are present across northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana. The early Wisconsin drift are similar to that of the Valparaiso drift that identification of each period is not currently possible. Moraine Nature Preserve is located north of Valparaiso, Indiana , east of State Route 49 and south of US Route 6 on County Road 750 North (Meska Rd). Indiana Department of Natural Resources maintains 809 acres (327 ha). The preserve has numerous trails through rolling ridges and steep hills left by

2109-513: The eastern crest southward through Des Plaines, Illinois , and Argonne National Laboratory , where it is broken by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal , then sweeping southeast towards Dyer, Indiana . Trending east towards Valparaiso, Indiana , the Tinley Moraine rejoins the Valparaiso Moraine near Wheeler, Indiana . From here, eastward, the remnant Tinley Moraine becomes mixed with the Lake Border Moraine . The Lake Border Morainic System

2166-573: The exceptions of 1956 and 1972 . Like the rest of the Rust Belt, however, Lake County has recently trended Republican, with Donald Trump scoring the highest percentage of the vote since 1972 in the 2024 presidential election . Lake is part of Indiana's 1st congressional district , which is held by Democrat Frank J. Mrvan . In the State Senate , Lake is part of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th districts, which are held by three Democrats and one Republican. In

2223-428: The form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes. Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing

2280-604: The glaciers. The area includes potholes and a shallow pond . It is covered by a mature beech-maple forest on the high ground and buttonbush and black willow in the ravines, potholes and near the pond. The Lake Erie basin has two moraines of the same age as the Valparaiso Moraine, the Mississinewa Moraine and the Union Moraine. These moraines formed from the Lake Erie Lobe of the continental glacier. In Michigan

2337-616: The inner border there is usually a rise of 100 feet (30 m) or more. In some places of 200 feet (61 m) or more. The crest in Illinois ranges from about 750 feet (230 m) to 900 feet (270 m) above sea level. The highest point is near Lake Zurich , in southern Lake County . The lowest is on the Des Plaines River , in Will County . In Indiana the crest ranges from 750 feet (230 m) in Lake County to nearly 900 feet (270 m) in LaPorte County . The Michigan section

Tinley Moraine - Misplaced Pages Continue

2394-599: The moraine curves northeast through Lake , Porter , and LaPorte counties of Indiana into Michigan . It continues into Michigan as far as Montcalm County . The moraine was formed during the Crown Point Phase of the Wisconsin glaciation . At this time the glacier covering the area had grown thin, so it was restrained by dolomite rock layers in the Lake Michigan basin. Where the glacier stopped, glacial till and sand

2451-465: The moraine forms much of the shoreline of Lake Michigan northward through St. Joseph . From here northward the moraine angles more eastward, missing Holland and passing through Grand Rapids , finally ending in a mingling of inter-lobe moraines about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Grand Rapids in Montcalm County . The inner border is less than 15 miles (24 km) and at its closest approach

2508-543: The morainic belt along Lake Michigan , from the Grand River Valley south. In places it consists of two or more ridges. These ridges coalesce and separate repeatedly. In northern Van Buren County it becomes associated with the Saginaw moraine . The moraine runs between 650 feet (200 m) and 690 feet (210 m) above sea level, or 70 feet (21 m) to 110 feet (34 m) above the surface of Lake Michigan . From

2565-467: The population. In terms of ancestry, 16.1% were German , 11.1% were Irish , 9.6% were Polish , 5.4% were English , 4.8% were Italian and 3.7% were American . Of the 188,157 households, 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.2% were non-families, and 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size

2622-460: The return of the ice front for a short duration before the northward retreat of the ice front, establishing the Lake Chicago sequence of shorelines and moraine features in northern Wisconsin and Michigan. The impounded meltwater trapped between the ice front and the Valparaiso Moraine, found a breach in the moraine east of the Illinois-Indiana boundary following West Creek into the sluiceway of

2679-484: The south and east, reaching the headwaters of the Des Plaines River west of Kenosha, Wisconsin , in the county of the same name. The moraine forms a major portion of the eastern divide of the Fox River Basin and then the western bank of the Des Plaines River. The moraine continues southward along the Des Plaines River following the route of the modern Tri-State Tollway ( I-294 ) around the west side of Chicago . Where

2736-433: The state level circuit court . County Officials: The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff , coroner , auditor , treasurer , recorder , surveyor , and circuit court clerk Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of

2793-646: The war effort. Good economic times continued into the 1970s. During this period, unions helped industrial workers gain middle-class wages. In addition to attracting refugees and immigrants from Europe, black Americans and Mexicans migrated here in the postwar period in even higher numbers than in the 1910-1930 period. As minority populations exploded in such industrial cities as East Chicago and Gary, racial tensions surfaced again. Following construction of state and federal highways, development of cheaper land provided newer housing to middle-class people who could afford it. Both whites and established black families moved out of

2850-413: The west. In spring and early summer, the immediate shoreline areas sometimes experience lake-breeze that can drop temperatures by several degrees compared to areas further inland. In summer, thunderstorms are common, occurring an average 40–50 days every year, and on about 13 days, these thunderstorms produce severe winds. The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by

2907-494: Was 498,700, making it Indiana's second-most populous county . The county seat is Crown Point . The county is part of Northwest Indiana and the Chicago metropolitan area , and contains a mix of urban, suburban and rural areas. It is bordered on the north by Lake Michigan and contains a portion of the Indiana Dunes . It includes Marktown , Clayton Mark 's planned worker community in East Chicago. Originally inhabited by

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2964-553: Was also a smaller Mexican immigrant community). In addition, both black and white migrants came from many regions of the United States, particularly Appalachia and the South. Mostly rural blacks went north in the Great Migration , seeking both industrial jobs and escape from Jim Crow violence and disenfranchisement in the South. By 1930, Lake County's population surpassed 260,000, with first- and second-generation Americans constituting

3021-450: Was breached at the Chicago Portage gap by a canal beginning in the mid-19th century. The Valparaiso Moraine formed as the first major moraine of the Cary substage of the Wisconsin Glacial period (10,000-50,000 years before present). There are three minor moraines that have been identified in northeastern Illinois, the Minooka, Rockdale, and Manhattan. Within the arc created by the Valparaiso Moraine are two younger Cary substage moraines of

3078-401: Was chosen. Lake County's population grew slowly before the 1850s. Construction of railroads to link Chicago to the rest of the country stimulated rapid development, and tens of thousands of settlers and immigrants bought land in the region. Small-scale industrialization began, but was primarily relegated to the northern coast of the county, where it could take advantage of the railroads along

3135-416: Was deposited, creating the hills of the moraine. After the Valparaiso Moraine was formed, the glacier retreated and formed the Tinley Moraine . Many towns in northwest Indiana and northeast Illinois are named after the Valparaiso Moraine or the Tinley Moraine. The moraine itself was named after the city of Valparaiso, Indiana where the moraine is at its highest and the city lies on the moraine. As part of

3192-591: Was devastating to Lake County, as it was to other areas with economies based on heavy industry . The Depression, combined with industrial strife, changing demographics, and unionization, caused a realignment of politics in Lake County. It became a stronghold of the Democratic Party ; Lake County has supported the Democratic nominee for president in every election since 1932 (exceptions occurred in 1956 and 1972). Indiana's 1st congressional district has elected Democratic candidates in every election since 1930. World War II restored prosperity, as industry revived to support

3249-464: Was measured at nearly $ 25 billion. Manufacturing was also the largest sector of the economy in economic terms, contributing over $ 5.8 billion to the county's GDP in 2010. It was followed by healthcare and social assistance at $ 2.6 billion, public administration at $ 2.5 billion, and retail trade at $ 1.9 billion. While Lake County's average income was approximately 24% higher than the national average in 1978, in 2010 Lake County had fallen significantly behind

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