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95-622: Humans have inhabited the prefecture for at least 15,000 years, and the oldest evidence of pottery in Japan was discovered at the Jōmon period Odai Yamamoto I site . After centuries of rule by the Nanbu and Tsugaru clans , the prefecture was formed out of the northern part of Mutsu Province during the Meiji Restoration . Though the prefecture remains dominated by primary sector industries, it also serves as

190-575: A blizzard in the Hakkōda Mountains incident . On 3 May 1910, a fire broke out in the Yasukata district. Fanned by strong winds, the fire quickly devastated the whole city. The conflagration claimed 26 lives and injured a further 160 residents. It destroyed 5,246 houses and burnt 19 storage sheds and 157 warehouses. On 23 March 1945, a mudslide destroyed a section of the town of Ajigasawa , killing 87 of its inhabitants. At 10:30 p.m. on 28 July 1945,

285-770: A dictionary of the Tsugaru dialect in 1809. Special features of the Aomori dialects include an atypical intonation , voicing consonants that are typically unvoiced (e.g. [k] sounds become [g]), and the addition of voiced velar nasal sounds and corresponding kana (か゚ [ŋa], き゚ [ŋi], く゚ [ŋu], け゚ [ŋe], and こ゚ [ŋo]). There is a negative connotation that surrounds people who speak this dialect, labeling them as lazy country folks. Due to this negativity speakers of Tōhoku dialects will often hide their accents. A study performed in 2016 indicated that people from Aomori who are 70 years and older frequently use these dialects, while use becomes less frequent

380-514: A growing sector of Aomori Prefecture's economy. It was among the top five prefectures of Japan in terms of growth in foreign tourists between 2012 and 2017. This influx of foreign tourists has led to the construction of more hotels in Aomori. Major draws to the prefecture are its historic sites , museums, and national parks. Several of the prefecture's Jōmon period historic sites were nominated in January 2009 to become World Heritage Sites . If approved,

475-480: A member of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei. However, for reasons yet unclear, the Tsugaru backed out of the alliance and re-joined the imperial cause after a few months. The Nanbu and Tsugaru clans resumed their old rivalry and fought at the Battle of Noheji . As a result of the minor skirmish, the Tsugaru clan was able to prove its defection from the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei and loyalty to the imperial cause. Tsugaru forces later joined

570-546: A sea urchin roe and abalone soup in which the sea urchin roe looks like strawberries, known as ichigo in Japanese, from the town of Hashikami ; hittsumi a roux with chicken and vegetables from the Nanbu area; Hachinohe senbei soup a hearty soup with Nanbu senbei loaded with vegetables and chicken; jappa-jiru a vegetable soup with cod roe from Aomori; and keiran a red bean dumpling soy sauce soup served during special occasions on

665-464: A sharp decrease from a total of 173,537 students ten years earlier. Overall the prefecture has 94 kindergartens (1 of which is a national school and 3 that are public), 289 elementary schools (1 of which is a national school and 288 that are run by municipal governments), 161 middle schools (1 of which is a national school, another which is run by the prefecture, 4 that are private, and 155 that are run by municipal governments), and 95 high schools. During

760-588: A similar date has been found at Gasya and Khummi on the lower Amur River . Such a date puts the development of pottery before the warming at the end of the Pleistocene . The Odai Yamamoto I site is located on a fluvial terrace at an altitude of 26 meters (85 ft) on the left bank of the Kanita River that flows into Mutsu Bay on the eastern side of the Tsugaru Peninsula . Pottery shards found during

855-507: A squadron of American B-29 bombers bombed over 90% of the city of Aomori . The estimated civilian impact of the air raid on the city was the death of 1,767 people and the destruction of 18,045 homes. Infrastructure was destroyed across the prefecture including the Seikan Ferry , naval facilities in Mutsu and Misawa, Hachinohe Airfield , and the ports and railways of Aomori and Hachinohe. During

950-605: A town in 1889 and then a city in 1898. On 30 October 1889, an American merchant ship, the Cheseborough wrecked off the prefecture's west coast near the village Shariki , many of the ship's crew were saved by the villagers. The Nippon Railway , a private company, completed the Tōhoku Main Line in 1891, linking Aomori to Ueno Station in Tokyo . During a military exercise on 23 January 1902, 199 soldiers died after getting lost during

1045-481: A transportation hub due to its location at the northern end of Honshu. The oldest evidence of pottery in Japan was found at the Odai Yamamoto I site in the town of Sotogahama in the northwestern part of the prefecture. The relics found there suggest that the Jōmon period began about 15,000 years ago. By 7,000 BCE, fishing cultures had developed along the shores of the prefecture which were three meters higher than

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1140-546: Is The Tōō Nippō Press with a daily readership of 245,000, 56% of the total share of the newspaper market in the prefecture. The newspaper also runs a radio news station which is broadcast by the Aomori Broadcasting Corporation (RAB). Other local newspapers are Hachinohe's The Daily Tōhoku Shimbun , Hirosaki's Mutsu Shimpo , and Kuroishi's Tsugaru Shinpō . Odai Yamamoto I site The Ōdai Yamamoto I Site ( 大平山元I遺跡 , Ōdaiyamamoto ichi iseki )

1235-837: Is Hirosaki University , which was formed by the combination of several colleges and higher education schools in 1949 in accordance with the National School Establishment Law of 1949. The prefecture has two other public universities, Aomori Public University and the Aomori University of Health and Welfare . Several private universities are also located in Aomori Prefecture. Among them are Aomori University , Hachinohe Gakuin University , Hachinohe Institute of Technology , Hirosaki Gakuin University , Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare , Tohoku Women's College , and

1330-552: Is a Jōmon archaeological site in the town of Sotogahama , Aomori Prefecture , in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan . Excavations in 1998 uncovered forty-six earthenware fragments which have been dated as early as 14,500 BC (ca 16,500 BP ); this places them among the earliest pottery currently known. As the earliest in Japan, this marks the transition from the Japanese Paleolithic to Incipient Jōmon . Other pottery of

1425-473: Is a leading agricultural region in Japan. It is Japan's largest producer of apples, accounting for 59 percent of Japan's total apple production in 2018. The cultivation of apples in the prefecture began in 1875 when the prefecture was given three varieties of western origin to grow. The apples are consumed within Japan and exported to the United States, China, Taiwan, and Thailand. Aomori is also ranked highly in

1520-472: Is also home to the inactive Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant that is owned by Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited , a company headquartered in the village of Rokkasho that is involved in the production of nuclear fuel , as well as the reprocessing , storage, and disposal of nuclear waste . The city of Hachinohe is home to the Pacific Metals Company , a manufacturer of ferronickel products. Aomori Prefecture

1615-484: Is centered around the cultivation and harvesting of hiba , a cypress tree utilized in construction of wooden structures across the country. In 2015, its economy had a GDP of 4,541.2 billion yen which made up about 0.83 percent of Japan's economy. Aomori Prefecture generates the largest amount of wind energy out of the prefectures of Japan, with large wind farms located on the Shimokita Peninsula. The peninsula

1710-401: Is centered on snow festivals where attendees can view ice sculptures and enjoy local cuisine inside an ice hut. Aomori Prefecture has produced several writers and artists. Osamu Dazai , the writer of Japan's second most popular novel No Longer Human , is one of the prefecture's best-known writers. Shunsuke Kikuchi , a composer for series such as Dragon Ball and Doraemon , was born in

1805-416: Is composed of the characters 蝦 meaning ' shrimp , lobster ' and 夷 meaning ' barbarian ' . The use of the character for ' shrimp, lobster ' might be in reference to the long "whiskers" ( antennae ) of these animals, alluding to the prominent beards worn by Ainu men. The spelling 'Yezo' reflects its pronunciation c.  1600 , when Europeans first came in contact with Japan. It

1900-466: Is first attested in Japanese in a text from 1153 in reference to any of the non-Japanese people living in the northeast of Honshū , and then later in 1485 in reference to the northern islands where these people lived, primarily Hokkaido , Karafuto (that is, Sakhalin ), and the Kuril Islands . The kanji spelling is based on the meanings of the characters rather than the phonetics ( jukujikun ), and

1995-568: Is home to over 87 species of birds. Mount Iwaki, a stratovolcano and the prefecture's highest point lies to northeast of the Shirakami Mountains. The lands to the east and northeast of Mount Iwaki are an expansive floodplain that is drained by the Iwaki River . Hirosaki , the former capital of the Tsugaru clan , sits on the banks of the river. As of 31 March 2019, 12% of the total land area of

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2090-482: Is relatively cool for the most part. It has four distinct seasons with an average temperature of 10 °C (50 °F). Variations in climate exist between the eastern (Pacific Ocean side) and the western (Sea of Japan side) parts of the prefecture. This is in part due to the Ōu Mountains that run north to south in the middle of the prefecture, dividing the two regions. The western side is subject to heavy monsoons and little sunshine which results in heavy snowfall during

2185-678: Is this historical spelling that is reflected in the scientific Latin term yezoensis , as in Fragaria yezoensis and Porphyra yezoensis . However, there are species that use a different spelling, such as the Japanese scallop known as Mizuhopecten yessoensis ( 帆立貝 , hotategai ) . The first published description of Ezo in the West was brought to Europe by Isaac Titsingh in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu ( 三国通覧図説 , An Illustrated Description of Three Countries ) by Hayashi Shihei . This book, which

2280-500: The 2010 Winter Olympics and several World Curling Championships . The club was disbanded in 2013. Aomori Prefecture has 20,606.8 km (12,804.5 mi) of roads, highways, and streets, along with 227 km (141 mi) of expressways . Four major expressways pass through the prefecture: the Tōhoku Expressway , which runs south–north through center of the prefecture; the incomplete Tsugaru Expressway , running east–west in

2375-465: The Asia League . Aomori Prefecture hosted the 2003 Asian Winter Games from 1 February to 8 February 2003. Approximately 1,200 athletes from 29 Asian countries participated in the games. Five venues across the prefecture held 51 different events. Aomori Prefecture is also slated to host the 80th National Sports Festival of Japan in 2025, though it is likely the event will be postponed for a year due to

2470-471: The Battle of Ishibashiyama and the conquest of the Northern Fujiwara. Nanbu Mitsuyuki built Shōjujidate Castle in what is now Nanbu, Aomori . The eastern area of the current prefecture was dominated by horse ranches, and the Nanbu grew powerful and wealthy on the supply of warhorses . These horse ranches were fortified stockades, numbered one through nine (Ichinohe through Kunohe), and were awarded to

2565-480: The Japan Self-Defense Forces . The JSDF maintains bases across the prefecture including, JMSDF Ōminato Base , JMSDF Hachinohe Air Base , and JGSDF Camp Aomori  [ ja ] . The Tsugaru region of Aomori Prefecture is the birthplace of the traditional Tsugaru-jamisen , a virtuosic style of playing shamisen that is deeply entwined with the region's identity and history. A notable player of

2660-576: The Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search conducted in Flagstaff, Arizona for main-belt asteroids that have a risk of coming close to Earth, observers discovered 19701 Aomori , an asteroid which they named after Aomori Prefecture. 19701 Aomori was given its name on 9 May 2012 after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami to pay respect towards the damaged communities along the prefecture's southeastern coast. Since 1961,

2755-819: The Nagano Jōmon from the Yugora cave site are closely related to contemporary East Asians but genetically different from the Ainu people which are direct descendants of the Hokkaido Jōmon. One study, published in the Cambridge University Press in 2020, suggests that the Jōmon people were rather heterogeneous, and that many Jōmon groups were descended from an ancient "Altaic-like" population (close to modern Tungusic -speakers, samplified by Oroqen ), which established itself over

2850-576: The Occupation of Japan , Aomori's military bases were controlled by the US military. Hachinohe Airfield was occupied until 1950, and was called Camp Haugen. Misawa Air Base was occupied and rebuilt by the United States Army Air Forces ; the base has seen a US military presence since then. Radio Aomori made its first broadcast in 1953. Four years later, the first fish auctions were held. 1958 saw

2945-406: The Tsugaru dialect , Nanbu dialect, and Shimokita dialect. The boundary determining which of these dialects are spoken is mainly along the former border of the Tsugaru and Nanbu clans between Hiranai and Noheji, with some overlap. Speakers of the Tsugaru dialect are typically centered around Hirosaki, while those who use the Nanbu dialect are centered around Hachinohe. The Shimokita dialect is used on

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3040-554: The 1320s. The conflict was put down after the Nanbu intervened at the behest of the shogunate. The conflict weakened the Kamakura shogunate in its later years, while the Andō were split into northern (Andō) and southern (Akita) divisions. At the onset of the Ashikaga shogunate , the Nanbu and Andō continued to rule the area, with the Nanbu controlling the current prefecture's southeastern section and

3135-499: The 1867 resignation of the last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu , the Boshin War had reached northern Japan by late 1868. On 20 September 1868 the pro-Shōgunate Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei was proclaimed at Morioka , the capital of the Nanbu clan who ruled Morioka Domain . The Tsugaru clan first sided with the pro-imperial forces of Satchō Alliance , and attacked nearby Shōnai Domain . However, the Tsugaru soon switched course, and briefly became

3230-593: The Andō controlling the Shimokita and Tsugaru peninsulas. The Andō also were involved with controlling the fringes of Ezo, splitting their attention. In 1336, the Andō completed construction of Horikoshi Castle during the Northern and Southern Courts period . During the Muromachi, the Nanbu slowly began edging the Andō out of present-day Aomori Prefecture. The Andō were pushed out of Tosaminato in 1432, retreating to Ezo, giving

3325-701: The Emishi that inhabited what would become Aomori Prefecture was known as the Tsugaru. Historic records mention a series of destructive eruptions in 917 from the volcano at Lake Towada . The eruptive activity peaked on 17 August. Throughout the Heian period the Emishi were slowly subdued by the Imperial Court in Kyoto before being incorporated into Mutsu Province by the Northern Fujiwara around 1094. The Northern Fujiwara set up

3420-697: The Ezo ' ) was divided into several districts. The first was the Wajinchi, or 'Japanese Lands', which covered the Japanese settlements on and around the Oshima Peninsula . The rest of Ezo was known as the Ezochi ( 蝦夷地 ) ( lit.   ' Ezo-land ' ), or 'Ainu Lands'. There were also Japanese people who moved from other places to the coastal areas of Ezochi. Ezochi was in turn divided into three sections: North Ezochi, which covered southern Sakhalin; West Ezochi, which included

3515-507: The Nanbu control over all their lands. The port settlement would fall into disrepair under the Nanbu. During the Sengoku period, the Nanbu clan collapsed into several rival factions. One faction under Ōura Tamenobu asserted their control over the Hirosaki Domain . His clan, originally the Ōura clan ( 大浦氏 , Ōura-shi ) , was of uncertain origins. According to later Tsugaru clan records,

3610-628: The Odai Yamamoto I site is preserved at the Oyama Furusato Museum at Oyama Elementary School. The site received protection as a National Historic Site of Japan in 2013. Jōmon samples from the Ōdai Yamamoto I site differ from Jōmon samples of Hokkaido and geographically close eastern Honshu . Ōdai Yamamoto Jōmon were found to have C1a1 and are genetically close to ancient and modern Northeast Asian groups but notably different from other Jōmon samples such as Ikawazu or Urawa Jōmon. Similarly,

3705-516: The Pacific Ocean from Lake Towada. Another feature of the park, the Hakkōda Mountains , an expansive volcanic group , rises in the lands to the south of the city of Aomori and north of Lake Towada. Shirakami-Sanchi , a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in the Shirakami Mountains in the western part of the prefecture. The site contains the largest surviving virgin beech forest in East Asia which

3800-401: The Shimokita Peninsula around Mutsu and has been recognized as having enough differences to distinguish it from the Nanbu dialect. It was also used in combination with the Nanbu dialect in an early Japanese–Russian dictionary written by a man whose father came from the Shimokita Peninsula. The oldest discovered compilation of words and phrases of the Nanbu dialect was written in 1790 followed by

3895-563: The Shimokita Peninsula, is the eleventh largest lake in Japan, the largest brackish lake in the Tōhoku area, and the prefecture's largest lake. Lake Towada , a lake that sits in a volcanic caldera , straddles Aomori's boundary with Akita. The lake is a primary feature of Towada-Hachimantai National Park and is the largest caldera lake in Honshu. Also within the park, the Oirase River flows east towards

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3990-406: The Shimokita Peninsula. Another dish that was created in the area surrounding Mutsu Bay is kaiya in the Tsugaru area or kayaki on the Shimokita Peninsula, it is a boiled miso and egg dish mixed with fish or scallop meat on a large scallop shell that serves as both the cookware and serveware. In 2006, the production of aged black garlic began in Aomori Prefecture. The prefecture has since become

4085-578: The Towada Campus of Kitasato University . The Aomori Prefecture Board of Education oversees various aspects of the prefecture's educational system including the management of libraries, the Aomori Prefectural Museum , and various educational support offices and centers. In all the prefecture allocated 130.3 billion yen towards education in 2018. In 2017 the prefecture's public school system was teaching 133,507 primary and secondary students,

4180-568: The Tsugaru Strait are of strategic value to both Japan and the United States, as the strait serves as an access point for the United States Navy into the Sea of Japan where they can put pressure on Russia, China, and North Korea. The prefecture also hosts Misawa Air Base , the only combined, joint U.S. service installation in the western Pacific servicing Army , Navy , and Air Force , as well as

4275-534: The Tsugaru clan had solidified their control over their gains made during the Sengoku period. Mutsu Province was struck by the Tenmei famine between 1781 and 1789, due to lower than usual temperatures that were exacerbated by volcanic eruptions at Mount Iwaki , near the Tsugaru clan's capital, Hirosaki, between November 1782 and June 1783. At the beginning of the Edo period, the last pockets of Ainu people in Honshu still lived in

4370-537: The Tōhoku Main Line, and the northernmost privately owned railway in Japan, the Tsugaru Railway . Maritime transport in Aomori Prefecture operates primarily from the ports of Aomori, Mutsuogawara, and Hachinohe, though smaller ports are found throughout the prefecture. The ports at Aomori and Hachinohe both serve cruise ships and ferry lines. Additionally, a ferry line operates between Ōma and Hakodate. Prior to

4465-483: The age of 64. In the same year the prefecture had a density of 130.9 people per square kilometer. In 2015, about 3,425 foreign-born immigrants lived in Aomori, making up just 0.26 percent of the prefecture's population, the lowest of any prefecture. Like much of the Tōhoku Region , Aomori Prefecture remains dominated by primary sector industries, such as farming, forestry and fishing. The prefecture's forestry industry

4560-497: The archaeological sites would join Shirakami-Sanchi as the prefecture's second World Heritage Site. Tourist access to Shirakami-Sanchi is heavily restricted to tourists due to its delicate ecosystem, though several water features, trails, and roads can be accessed by its visitors. About 35.2 million domestic travelers visited Aomori Prefecture in 2016, while about 95,000 foreign tourists visited in 2017. Aomori Prefecture and

4655-461: The barbarians" in Japanese. In reference to the people of that region, the same two kanji used to write the word Ezo can also be read Emishi . The descendants of these people are most likely related to the Ainu people of today. Japanese sources that include an etymology describe Ezo as probably originally a borrowing from the Ainu word enciw meaning ' person; people ' . The term

4750-558: The beginnings of the history of archery . As no indication of permanent dwellings have been found at the site, it is assumed that the ancient inhabitants of this area were still nomadic. The site forms part of a serial nomination submitted in 2009 for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List , under criteria iii and iv : Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions . Work began on

4845-482: The cities, ferrying automobile traffic and passengers rather than trains. Aomori Public College opened in April 1993. In April 1995, Aomori Airport began offering regular international air service to Seoul, South Korea , and Khabarovsk, Russia ; however, the flights to Khabarovsk were discontinued in 2004. In June 2007, four North Korean defectors reached Aomori Prefecture, after having been at sea for six days, marking

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4940-463: The city of Hirosaki. The creator of the supernatural manga series Shaman King , Hiroyuki Takei , is from the village of Yomogita in northwestern Aomori. The comedian Daimaō Kosaka , known widely for his viral single " PPAP (Pen-Pineapple-Apple-Pen) ", was born in Aomori Prefecture. Sōsaku-hanga artist Shikō Munakata was born in Aomori. Much of his art was inspired by the prefecture's natural qualities and rural culture. The two largest cities of

5035-472: The clan was descended from the noble Fujiwara clan and had an accent claim to ownership of the Tsugaru region on the Tsugaru Peninsula and the area surrounding Mount Iwaki in the northwestern corner of Mutsu Province; however, according to the records of their rivals, the Nanbu clan, clan progenitor Ōura Tamenobu was born as either Nanbu Tamenobu or Kuji Tamenobu, from a minor branch house of the Nanbu and

5130-635: The completion of the Municipal Fish Market as well as the opening of the Citizen's Hospital. In the same year, the Tsugaru Line established a rail connection with the village of Minmaya at the tip of the Tsugaru Peninsula. In March 1985, after 23 years of labor and a financial investment of 690 billion yen, the Seikan Tunnel finally linked the islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō , thereby becoming

5225-400: The country. Only neighboring Akita Prefecture lost more citizens than Aomori. In 2017, 23,529 people moved out of Aomori, while 17,454 people moved to the prefecture. In 2018, about 590,000 of the prefecture's residents were men and 670,000 were women, 10.8 percent of the population was below the age of 15, 56.6 percent of residents were between the ages of 15 and 64, and 32.6 percent was above

5320-778: The eastern part of the city Aomori and central Hachinohe. A spur of the Hachinohe Expressway continues northwest across the eastern side of the prefecture towards the prefecture's capital. It is made up of several named routes: the Momoishi Toll Road , the Daini-Michinoku Toll Road , the Kamikita Expressway , and the Michinoku Toll Road . Several national highways pass through the prefecture. National routes 4 , 7 , and 45 are primary routes that link

5415-426: The establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate , the Nanbu ruled the Shimokita Peninsula and the districts immediately to the south of it. The area to the west of the Nanbu's holdings and to the north of the lands held by the Akita clan were all controlled by the Tsugaru clan, from their capital at Hirosaki . Work on Hirosaki Castle was completed in 1611, replacing Horikoshi Castle as the Tsugaru clan's fortress. By 1631,

5510-408: The harsh winters since cotton was unavailable to the lower class. Wooden horse figures called Yawata-uma have been made in the former holdings of the Nanbu for 700 years. The Aomori area has given rise to several soups: ke porridge or Keno-jiru, which consists of miso soup with diced root vegetables and wild plants such as butterbur and bracken with tofu from the Tsugaru area; ichigoni ,

5605-425: The highest recorded temperature during the summer is 33.1 °C (91.6 °F). A person living in or from Aomori Prefecture is referred to as an Aomorian. As of 2017, the prefecture had a total population of 1.28 million residents, accounting for just over 1 percent of Japan's total population. In 2018, Aomori Prefecture saw the second largest decrease in the number of Japanese citizens out of any prefecture in

5700-414: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic . The prefecture has produced some professional athletes. Yoshisada Yonezuka from the town of Nakadomari was a martial arts instructor for USA Judo . He coached the team in the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics . The Aomori Curling Club was a curling club of the Japan Curling Association from the city of Aomori that represented Japan in the 2006 Winter Olympics and

5795-451: The imperial army in attacking the Republic of Ezo at the Battle of Hakodate , where the pro-Shōgunate forces were finally defeated. As a result, the entire clan was able to evade the punitive measures taken by the Meiji government on other northern domains. In 1868, Mutsu Province was broken up into five provinces in the aftermath of the Boshin War, with its namesake province, Rikuō occupying what would later become Aomori Prefecture and

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5890-523: The largest producer of the superfood in Japan. Aomori Prefecture boasts a variety of festivals year round offering a unique look into northern Japan, and hosts the Aomori Nebuta Matsuri , one of the Three Great Festivals of Tōhoku  [ ja ] . During late April hanami festivals are held across the prefecture, with the most prominent of the festivals being located on the grounds of Hirosaki Castle. Summer and autumn hold many distinct festivals with bright lights, floats, dancing and music. Winter

5985-456: The local hunter gatherers. This “Altaic-like” population migrated from Northeast Asia in about 6000BC, and coexisted with other unrelated tribes and/or intermixed with them, before being replaced by the later Yayoi people . C1a1 and C2 are linked to the " Tungusic-like people ", which arrived in the Jōmon period archipelago from Northeast Asia in about 6,000 BC and introduced the Incipient Jōmon culture, typified by early ceramic cultures such as

6080-422: The longest tunnel of its kind in the world. Almost exactly three years later, on March 13, railroad service was inaugurated on the Tsugaru Kaikyo Line . The tunnel's opening to rail traffic saw the end of the Seikan Ferry rail service. During their 80 years of service, the Seikan rail ferries sailed between Aomori and Hakodate some 720,000 times, carrying 160 million passengers. It continues to operate between

6175-518: The mountainous areas on the peninsulas of the prefecture. They interacted with the ruling clans to some extent, but they primarily lived off of fishing the waters of Mutsu Bay and the Tsugaru Strait . However, the Tsugaru clan made two big pushes to assimilate the Ainu, the first came in 1756 and the second came in 1809. Records show that the clan was successful in wiping out the Ainu culture in their holdings, though some geographic names in Aomori Prefecture still retain their original Ainu names. Despite

6270-402: The nation's production of redcurrant , burdock , and garlic , accounting for 81, 37, and 66 percent, respectively, of the country's production. Aomori also boasts being the home to Hakkōda cattle, a rare, region-specific breed of Japanese Shorthorn . The town of Gonohe has a long history as a breeding center for horses of exceptional quality, popular among the samurai . With the decline of

6365-426: The northern end of the island of Honshu . It faces Hokkaido from across the Tsugaru Strait and it borders Akita and Iwate in the south. The prefecture is flanked by the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Sea of Japan to the west with the Tsugaru Strait linking those bodies of water to the north of the prefecture. The islets of Kyūroku-jima in the Sea of Japan are the prefecture's westernmost point. Oma , at

6460-411: The northwestern corner of Iwate Prefecture. On 4 September 1871, Rikuō Province was abolished and divided, establishing today's Aomori Prefecture. Its capital was briefly located in Hirosaki, but it was moved on 23 September to the centrally located port village, Aomori. The prefecture's new capital, Aomori, saw rapid expansion which was due to its importance as a logistic hub in northern Japan. It became

6555-407: The northwestern tip of the axe-shaped Shimokita Peninsula , is the northernmost point of Honshu. The Shimokita and Tsugaru Peninsulas enclose Mutsu Bay . Between those peninsulas lies the smaller Natsudomari Peninsula , the northern end of the Ōu Mountains . The three peninsulas are prominently visible in the prefecture's symbol, a stylized map. Lake Ogawara , a brackish lake at the base of

6650-713: The opening of the Seikan Tunnel, rail ferries operated by the Japanese National Railways linked Aomori Station and Hakodate Station as the primary connection between Hokkaido and the rest of Japan. A museum dedicated to the historic rail ferries operates near Aomori Station in a former rail ferryboat, the Hakkoda Maru . There are two commercial airports located within Aomori Prefecture, Aomori Airport and Misawa Airport . Both airports are relatively small, though Aomori Airport offers regular international flights to South Korea and Taiwan, seasonal flights to China, and chartered flights to Thailand, in addition to domestic flights to several cities. Aomori Prefecture's national university

6745-415: The population's subsistence economy being unable to result in sustained growth, with its end being spurred on by the reduced amount of natural resources during the neoglaciation . The Jōmon period continued up to 300 BCE in present-day Aomori Prefecture at the Kamegaoka site in the city of Tsugaru where the Shakōkidogū was found. During the Yayoi period, the area that would become Aomori Prefecture

6840-567: The port settlement Tosaminato in present-day Goshogawara to develop trade between their lands, Kyoto, and continental Asia. The Northern Fujiwara were deposed in 1189 by Minamoto no Yoritomo who would go on to establish the Kamakura shogunate . Minamoto no Yoritomo incorporated Mutsu Province into the holdings of the Kamakura shogunate. Nanbu Mitsuyuki was awarded vast estates in Nukanobu District after he had joined Minamoto no Yoritomo at

6935-507: The prefectural capital to the capitals of other prefectures across Japan. Additional national routes in Aomori Prefecture include routes 101 , 102 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 279 , 280 , 282 , 338 , 339 , 340 , 394 , and 454 . Two of the prefecture's national highways also continue north across the Tsugaru Strait to Hokkaido: National Route 279, which is carried to Hakodate by the Tsugaru Kaikyō Ferry ; and National Route 280, which

7030-403: The prefectural symbol of Aomori is a green stylized map of the prefecture on a white background, showing the crown of Honshū : the Tsugaru , Natsudomari and Shimokita Peninsulas . The green is representative of development while the white symbolizes the vastness of the world. The prefectural bird has been Bewick's swan since 1964, the species migrates to the area during the winter. In 1966,

7125-452: The prefecture designated the hiba ( Thujopsis dolabrata ) as its prefectural tree. The apple blossom was designated as the prefectural flower in 1971 to pay homage to the prefecture's apple production. In 1987, the Japanese halibut was designated as the prefectural fish. Tōhoku dialect , one of the three main dialects of Japan, is spoken in Aomori Prefecture. The most widespread variants are

7220-481: The prefecture was designated as Natural Parks , namely the Towada-Hachimantai and Sanriku Fukkō National Parks; Shimokita Hantō and Tsugaru Quasi-National Parks; and Asamushi-Natsudomari , Ashino Chishōgun , Iwaki Kōgen , Kuroishi Onsenkyō , Nakuidake , Ōwani Ikarigaseki Onsenkyō , and Tsugaru Shirakami Prefectural Natural Parks; and Mount Bonju Prefectural Forest . The climate of Aomori Prefecture

7315-622: The prefecture, Aomori and Hachinohe, both host professional sports teams. Both cities have professional soccer clubs in the Japan Professional Football League : Aomori's ReinMeer Aomori and Hachinohe's Vanraure Hachinohe . Other professional sports teams in the two cities include the Aomori Wat's , a basketball team from Aomori in the B.League and the Tohoku Free Blades , an ice hockey team from Hachinohe that competes in

7410-805: The prefecture: the Tōhoku Shinkansen , the Tōhoku Main Line , the Ōu Main Line , the Ōminato Line , the Gonō Line , the Hachinohe Line , and the Tsugaru Line . Other notable rail operators in the prefecture are the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), that runs the Hokkaido Shinkansen through the Seikan Tunnel to and from Hokkaido, the Aoimori Railway that operates passenger services on

7505-469: The present day shoreline. Around 3,900 BCE, the settlement at the Sannai-Maruyama Site in the present-day city of Aomori began. The settlement shows evidence of the wide interaction between the site's inhabitants and people from across Jōmon period Japan, including Hokkaido and Kyushu . The settlement of Sannai-Maruyama ended around 2300 BCE due to unknown reasons. Its abandonment was likely due to

7600-590: The rebuilding of a private residence in 1998 were submitted for radiocarbon dating by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education, and were found to have been produced 16,500 years ago, making it the oldest known pottery in the world at that time. A total of 148 square meters (1,590 sq ft) was excavated in 1998. Further finds included axes, spearheads, arrowheads, scrapers, blades, and anvils, mostly of local shale but some also of obsidian . The arrowheads are of special significance as they push back

7695-474: The region. After pledging fealty to Toyotomi Hideyoshi , he was confirmed as an independent warlord in 1590 and changed his name to "Tsugaru", formally establishing the Tsugaru clan . Tsugaru Tamenobu assisted Hideyoshi at the Battle of Odawara , and accompanied his retinue to Hizen during the Korean Expedition. Afterwards, he sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. After

7790-404: The samurai, Gonohe's horses continued to be bred for their meat. The lean horse meat is coveted as a delicacy, especially when served in its raw form, known as basashi ( 馬刺し ) . The Aomori coast along Mutsu Bay is a large source of scallops, but they are particularly a specialty of the town Hiranai where the calm water around Natsudomari Peninsula makes a good home for them. Tourism has been

7885-411: The second known case ever where defectors have successfully reached Japan by boat. In March 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck the east coast of Japan. The southeastern coast of Aomori Prefecture was affected by the resulting tsunami . Buildings along harbors were damaged along with boats thrown about in the streets. Aomori Prefecture is the northernmost prefecture in the Tōhoku region, lying on

7980-427: The site in 2019 to improve public access to a section of the excavated area. Thirty of the forty-six fragments of pottery, all from the same vessel, had carbonized residues, suggesting its use for the cooking of foodstuffs. Eight AMS radiocarbon dates were generated from five of the fragments and three pieces of associated charred wood; these suggested a date of 11,800 to 11,500 BC. With calibration , this dating

8075-500: The six sons of Nanbu Mitsuyuki, forming the six main branches of the Nanbu clan . The northwestern part of the prefecture was awarded to the Andō clan for their role in driving the Northern Fujiwara out of Tosaminato. The port was expanded under the rule of the Andō clan. They traded heavily with the Ainu in Ezo . However, conflict would break out between the Ainu and the Andō clan in 1268 and again in

8170-527: The southwestern portion of the prefecture; the partially-complete Hachinohe-Kuji Expressway that travels south–north along the prefecture's eastern coast to Hachinohe; and the partially-complete Shimokita Expressway that travels south–north along Shimokita Peninsula from the town of Noheji to the city of Mutsu. Several auxiliary routes of the Tōhoku Expressway also serve the prefecture. The Aomori Expressway and Hachinohe Expressway , spur routes into

8265-428: The style was Takahashi Chikuzan , a blind musician from Hiranai who wandered around the country and eventually gained nationwide appeal. Aomori Prefecture is also where the decorative embroidery styles, kogin-zashi and Nanbu hishizashi originated as more utilitarian techniques during the Edo period. The peasant women of the area, who created the styles, used them to make linen clothing more robust and warm during

8360-400: The winter. The eastern side is subject to low clouds brought in by northeasterly winds during the summer months, known locally as Yamase winds, from June through August, with temperatures staying relatively low. However, there are instances of Yamase winds making summers so cold that food production is hindered. The lowest recorded temperature during the winter is −9.3 °C (15.3 °F), and

8455-419: The younger a person is regardless of fluency. Additionally, the study revealed that when traveling to Tokyo, older generations will continue to use their dialect, while younger generations switch to standard Japanese. On the other hand, over half of each generation surveyed preferred to use their local dialect when talking to Tokyoites in Aomori Prefecture. The largest newspaper by readership in Aomori Prefecture

8550-432: The Ōdai Yamamoto I Site. Ezo Ezo ( 蝦夷 ) (also spelled Yezo or Yeso ) is the Japanese term historically used to refer to the people and the lands to the northeast of the Japanese island of Honshu . This included the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido , which changed its name from "Ezo" to "Hokkaidō" in 1869, and sometimes included Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands . The word Ezo means "the land of

8645-470: Was driven from the clan due to discord with his elder brother. In any event, the Ōura were hereditary vice-district magistrate ( 郡代補佐 , gundai hosa ) under the Nanbu clan's local magistrate Ishikawa Takanobu; however, in 1571, Tamenobu attacked and killed Ishikawa and began taking the Nanbu clan's castles in the Tsugaru region one after another. He captured castles at Ishikawa, Daikoji and Aburakawa, and soon gathered support of many former Nanbu retainers in

8740-455: Was impacted by the migration of settlers from continental Asia to a lesser extent than the rest of Japan to the south and west of the region. The region, known then as Michinoku, was inhabited by the Emishi . It is not clear if the Emishi were the descendants of the Jōmon people, a group of the Ainu people , or if both the Ainu and Emishi were descended from the Jōmon people. The northernmost tribe of

8835-550: Was previously carried by ferry to the town of Fukushima, Hokkaido , though the route is still signed from Fukushima to Hakodate. Railways have played an important role in Aomori Prefecture's transportation network and development since the Meiji period. Aomori Station , Shin-Aomori Station , Hachinohe Station , Hirosaki Station , and Shichinohe-Towada Station are major rail stations operating in Aomori Prefecture. The East Japan Railway Company (JR East), operates several rail lines in

8930-549: Was published in Japan in 1785, described the Ezo region and its people. In 1832, the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland supported the posthumous abridged publication of Titsingh's French translation of Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu . Julius Klaproth was the editor, completing the task which was left incomplete by the death of the book's initial editor, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat . Ezo ( 蝦夷 ) or Ezogashima ( 蝦夷ヶ島 ) ( lit.   ' Island of

9025-479: Was pushed back to 14,500 to 14,000, as early as around 16,500 BP. Other datings have given a range between 13780 ± 170 and 12680 ± 140 BC. This makes the Odai Yamamoto I site important to the understanding of the transition between the Pleistocene and the Holocene . In recognition of their importance, the excavated artifacts have been designated a Municipal Cultural Property. Stoneware and pottery excavated from

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