Misplaced Pages

#215784

81-492: Antigonish ( / ˌ æ n t ɪ ɡ ə ˈ n ɪ ʃ / AN -tig-ə- NISH ; Canadian Gaelic : Am Baile Mòr [am ˈpalə ˈmuːɾ] ) is a town in Antigonish County , Nova Scotia , Canada. The town is home to St. Francis Xavier University and the oldest continuous Highland games outside Scotland . It is approximately 160 kilometres (100 miles) northeast of Halifax , the provincial capital. Antigonish had been

162-402: A bullock for the winter consumption; the farm or estate supplies them with abundance of butter , cheese, etc., etc. Their houses are small but comfortable, having a ground floor and garret, with regular chimney and glass windows. The appearance of the people is at all times respectable, but I was delighted at seeing them at church on a Sunday; the men clothed in good English cloth, and many of

243-574: A colony at the forks of the Red River , in what would become Manitoba . With the help of his employee and friend, Archibald McDonald , Selkirk sent over 70 Scottish settlers, many of whom spoke only Gaelic, and had them establish a small farming colony there. The settlement soon attracted local First Nations groups, resulting in an unprecedented interaction of Scottish ( Lowland , Highland , and Orcadian ), English , Cree , French , Ojibwe , Saulteaux , and Métis traditions all in close contact. In

324-591: A Gaelic-speaking Presbyterian minister from Orwell , Queen's County , Prince Edward Island , published a small, vanity press booklet titled, An Cuimhneachain: Òrain Céilidh Gàidheal Cheap Breatuinn agus Eilean-an-Phrionnsa ("The Remembrance: Céilidh Songs of the Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island Gaels") in Quincy, Massachusetts . Due to Rev. Lamont's pamphlet, the most complete versions survive of

405-500: A Grade 12 average of at least 85% are automatically guaranteed an entrance scholarship worth at least $ 5,000 ($ 1,250 each year for four years), and at least $ 7,000 for those with Grade 12 averages above 90% ($ 1,750 each year for four years). Applicants are also automatically considered for larger merit-based scholarships ranging from $ 12,000 to $ 32,000 (Merit, Phillip W. Oland, J.P. McArthy, Canadian, President's). Area-specific scholarships also exist for applicants from certain provinces and

486-568: A homesteader in Cape Breton and in Antigonish County . The most prolific emigre poet was John MacLean of Caolas , Tiree , the former Chief Bard to the 15th Chief of Clan MacLean of Coll , who emigrated with his family to Nova Scotia in 1819. MacLean, whom Robert Dunbar once dubbed, "perhaps the most important of all the poets who emigrated during the main period of Gaelic overseas emigration", composed one of his most famous song-poems, Òran do dh' Aimearaga ("A Song to America"), which

567-453: A hybrid model that saw almost 75% of classes delivered in person and the remaining 25% offered online. The university introduced a series of protective measures in line with guidance from Nova Scotia public health officials, including mandatory mask wearing both inside and outside while on campus, as well as regular COVID-19 testing for students from outside of Atlantic Canada completing their mandatory 14-day self-isolation period upon arrival in

648-630: A new sporting goods store, and other businesses and services. The mall area also saw the construction of restaurants which opened in late 2006 and in February 2007. St. Francis Xavier University is located in Antigonish. Established in 1853, St. Francis Xavier has 4,267 full-time students and 500 part-time students. It was named as the best primarily undergraduate university in Canada by Maclean's magazine for five consecutive years (2002–2006). St. Francis Xavier

729-777: A poem describing his first winter there survives. Anna NicGillìosa emigrated from Morar to Glengarry County, Ontario in 1786 and a Gaelic poem in praise of her new home also survives. Lord Selkirk 's settler Calum Bàn MacMhannain , alias Malcolm Buchanan, left behind the song-poem Òran an Imrich ("The Song of Emigration"), which describes his 1803 voyage from the Isle of Skye to Belfast , Prince Edward Island and his impressions of his new home as Eilean an Àigh ("The Island of Prosperity"). Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill (Allan The Ridge MacDonald) emigrated with his family from Ach nan Comhaichean, Glen Spean , Lochaber to Mabou , Nova Scotia in 1816 and composed many works of Gaelic poetry as

810-417: A population of 4,656 living in 2,205 of its 2,675 total private dwellings, a change of 6.7% from its 2016 population of 4,364 . With a land area of 4.98 km (1.92 sq mi), it had a population density of 934.9/km (2,421.5/sq mi) in 2021. Antigonish is a service centre for the surrounding region that includes Antigonish and Guysborough Counties and many local businesses are based in

891-478: A tha thu, seann leannan?" Gun do shìn mi mo làmh dhi, 's thug mi dha dhe na crathadh. ... Fhreagair ise gu nàimhdeil: "You're a Scotchman I reckon. I don't know your Gaelic, Perhaps you are from Cape Breton." I welcomed her with affection: "How are you old sweetheart?" I held out my hand, But she ignored it. ... She answered haughtily: "You're a Scotchman I reckon. I don't know your Gaelic, Perhaps you are from Cape Breton." With

SECTION 10

#1732845566216

972-673: A weekly, but reduced its frequency to biweekly over time. Later, during the 1920s, several new Scottish Gaelic-language newspapers launched, including the Teachdaire nan Gàidheal ( lit.   ' The Messenger of the Gaels ' ), which included Gaelic-language lessons; the United Church -affiliated An Solus Iùil ( lit.   ' The Guiding Light ' ); and MacKinnon's later endeavor, Fear na Cèilidh ( lit.   ' The Entertainer ' ). In 1917, Rev. Murdoch Lamont (1865–1927),

1053-511: Is also known as A Choille Ghruamach ("The Gloomy Forest"), after emigrating from Scotland to Canada. The poem has since been collected and recorded from seanchaithe in both Scotland and the New World. According to Michael Newton, however, A' Choille Ghruamach , which is, "an expression of disappointment and regret", ended upon becoming, "so well established in the emigrant repertoire that it easily eclipses his later songs taking delight in

1134-719: Is also well known for the X-Ring and the Coady International Institute . The elementary and secondary schools in Antigonish fall under the jurisdiction of the Strait Regional School Board . Antigonish is home to three public schools: Dr. John Hugh Gillis Regional High School , St. Andrew Junior School and the Antigonish Education Centre. The annual Antigonish Highland Games have been held since 1863. The first games were held to raise funds for

1215-673: Is believed to have been spoken by more than 200,000 British North Americans at that time. A large population who spoke the related Irish immigrated to Scots Gaelic communities and to Irish settlements in Newfoundland . In Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton and Glengarry there were large areas of Gaelic unilingualism, and communities of Gaelic-speakers had established themselves in northeastern Nova Scotia (around Pictou and Antigonish ); in Glengarry, Stormont, Grey, and Bruce Counties in Ontario; in

1296-662: Is organized into the Faculty of Arts, Faculty of Science, the Gerald Schwartz School of Business , Faculty of Education, the Brian Mulroney Institute of Government and the Coady Institute. Faculties are headed by a dean elected from among the constituent professors. St. Francis Xavier offers over $ 2 million annually in merit-based scholarships and financial aid to its new and current undergraduates. Applicants with

1377-587: Is traditionally sung after scoring a touchdown in football matches. The university's team is nicknamed the Golden Gaels . The Gaelic character of Nova Scotia has influenced that province's industry and traditions. Glen Breton Rare , produced in Cape Breton, is one of the very few single malt whiskies to be made outside Scotland. Gaelic settlers in Nova Scotia adapted the popular Highland winter sport of shinty ( Scottish Gaelic : camanachd, iomain ), which

1458-527: The maide-crochaidh ('hanging stick') if caught speaking Gaelic. Job opportunities for unilingual Gaels were few and restricted to the dwindling Gaelic-communities, compelling most into the mines or the fishery . Many saw English fluency as the key to success, and for the first time in Canadian history Gaelic-speaking parents were teaching their children to speak English en masse. The sudden stop of Gaelic language acquisition , caused by shame and prejudice,

1539-737: The Codroy Valley of Newfoundland; in Winnipeg, Manitoba ; and Eastern Quebec . In 1890, Thomas Robert McInnes , an independent Senator from British Columbia (born Lake Ainslie , Cape Breton Island) tabled a bill entitled "An Act to Provide for the Use of Gaelic in Official Proceedings." He cited the ten Scottish and eight Irish senators who spoke Gaelic, and 32 members of the House of Commons of Canada who spoke either Scottish Gaelic or Irish. The bill

1620-653: The Eastern Townships of Quebec , Atlantic Canada is the only area in North America where Scottish Gaelic continues to be spoken as a community language, especially in Cape Breton. Even there the use of the language is precarious and its survival is being fought for. Even so, the Canadian Gàidhealtachd communities have contributed many great figures to the history of Scottish Gaelic literature , including Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill and John MacLean during

1701-567: The Eastern Townships of Quebec . Following an 1814 visit from Scotland to the settlement in Glengarry County, Ontario , Dr. D. MacPherson wrote, "You might travel over the whole of the County and by far the greater part of Stormont , without hearing anything spoken except the good Gaelic. Every family, even of the lowest order, has a landed property of 200 acres... However poor the family (but indeed there are none that can be called so) they kill

SECTION 20

#1732845566216

1782-516: The Hudson's Bay Company was given exclusive trading rights to all North American lands draining into Hudson Bay – about 3.9 million km (1.5 million sq mi – an area larger than India). Many of the traders who came in the later 18th and 19th centuries were Gaelic speakers from the Scottish Highlands who brought their language to the interior. Those who intermarried with

1863-728: The Nova Scotia Gaelic College at St Ann's in 1939. St Francis Xavier University in Antigonish has a Celtic Studies department with Gaelic-speaking faculty members, and is the only such university department outside Scotland to offer four full years of Scottish Gaelic instruction. Eòin Boidhdeach of Antigonish published the monthly Gaelic magazine An Cuairtear Òg Gaelach ( lit.   ' The Gaelic Tourist ' ) around 1851. The world's longest-running Gaelic periodical, Mac-Talla ( lit.   ' The Echo ' ),

1944-542: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Antigonish . The first hospital in Antigonish opened on June 10, 1906. Antigonish is notable for having a social movement named for it, the Antigonish Movement , launched from St. Francis Xavier University in the 1920s by local priests and educators including Moses Coady and Jimmy Tompkins . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Antigonish had

2025-828: The United States . In order to receive each subsequent installment of a scholarship (typically there are four installments), students must maintain a university course average of at least 80%. StFX offers scholarships to students of Indigenous and African Nova Scotia descent thanks to support from the Jeannine Deveau Educational Equity Endowment. Deveau, a StFX graduate from 1944, created the endowment to help remove financial barriers that typically prevent students from minority racialized populations in Nova Scotia from accessing post-secondary education. The Jeannine Deveau Educational Equity Endowment has contributed $ 22 million toward financial aid at StFX, making it

2106-773: The oral poetry composed in Gaelic upon Prince Edward Island . Despite the long history of Gaels and their language and culture in Canada, the Gaelic speech population started to decline after 1850. This drop was a result of prejudice (both from outside, and from within the Gaelic community itself), aggressive dissuasion in school and government, and the perceived prestige of English. Gaelic has faced widespread prejudice in Great Britain for generations, and those feelings were easily transposed to British North America . The fact that Gaelic had not received official status in its homeland made it easier for Canadian legislators to disregard

2187-405: The service sector . There are no major industrial operations located in the town or county. The workforce is primarily white collar with the largest employers being St. Martha's Regional Hospital and St. Francis Xavier University. Until 2011, Antigonish accommodated Canada Post 's National Philatelic Centre, which provided mail-order services for worldwide collectors of Canadian stamps. In 2005,

2268-555: The 1840s, Toronto Anglican priest John Black was sent to preach to the settlement, but "his lack of the Gaelic was at first a grievous disappointment" to parishioners. With continuing immigration the population of Scots colonists grew to more than 300, but by the 1860s the French–Métis outnumbered the Scots, and tensions between the two groups would prove a major factor in the ensuing Red River Rebellion . The continuing association between

2349-427: The 18th century, and to a much lesser extent the provinces of New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador (especially the Codroy Valley ), Manitoba and Alberta . Gaelic-speaking poets in communities across Canada have produced a large and significant branch of Scottish Gaelic literature comparable to that of Scotland itself. In 1621, King James VI of Scotland allowed privateer William Alexander to establish

2430-483: The Coady International Institute at StFX has engaged in community development globally since 1959. A metal plaque, unveiled on 5 May 1984, was dedicated by the university's class of 1984, in honour of those students killed in armed conflict while defending the liberty of Canadians. In 1985 the number of women students at St. Francis Xavier became equal to the number of men for the first time. In 1990,

2511-505: The Dorchester settlement, named for Sir Guy Carleton , who was Governor General of Canada and subsequently Lord Dorchester. Shortly after, Sgt Nathan Pushee of the Duke of Cumberland's Regiment settled at Chedabucto (present-day Guysborough ), eventually establishing present-day Amherst, Nova Scotia . In 1796 another settler named Zephaniah Williams (of which Williams Point just outside of town

Antigonish, Nova Scotia - Misplaced Pages Continue

2592-625: The Gaelic communities in Nova Scotia and their prosperity." In the Highlands and Islands , MacLean is commonly known as "The Poet to the Laird of Coll" ( Bàrd Thighearna Chola ) or as "John, son of Allan" ( Iain mac Ailein ). In Nova Scotia, he is known colloquially today as, "The Bard MacLean" ( Am Bàrd MacGilleain ) or as "The Barney's River Poet" ( Bàrd Abhainn Bhàrnaidh ), after MacLean's original family homestead in Pictou County, Nova Scotia . With

2673-583: The Selkirk colonists and surrounding First Nations groups evolved into a unique contact language . Used primarily by the Anglo– and Scots–Métis traders, the " Red River Dialect " or Bungi was a mixture of Gaelic and English with many terms borrowed from the local native languages. Whether the dialect was a trade pidgin or a fully developed mixed language is unknown. Today the Scots–Métis have largely been absorbed by

2754-598: The X-Women Rugby team became the first female St. Francis Xavier varsity team to win a CIS Championship, as 10-time defending AUS Rugby Champions. In 2008, the team placed 2nd at the CIS Championships in Lethbridge , Alberta after capturing their 12th consecutive AUS Championship. StFX University was one of only two universities in Nova Scotia to offer in-person classes during the 2020-21 academic year, proceeding under

2835-605: The audience immediately erupted into loud cheers. St. Francis Xavier University St. Francis Xavier University is a public undergraduate liberal arts university located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia , Canada. It is a member of the Maple League , a group of primarily undergraduate universities in Eastern Canada . St. Francis Xavier College was founded as Arichat College, a Roman Catholic diocesan educational institution at Arichat, Nova Scotia , in 1853. Arichat College

2916-513: The beginning of each semester for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 academic years. On December 3, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, St. Francis Xavier University held its annual X-Ring ceremony with the majority of the graduating students attending. Public health officials declared an outbreak at the university on December 8, 2021. On December 13, 2021, the university's president tested positive for COVID-19. As of December 17, 2021, 183 students had notified

2997-583: The belief that higher education was a key to social justice and economic productivity for individuals and for society. The St. Francis Xavier tartan was designed as a university tartan in 1994. In 1996 StFX implemented Canada's first Service Learning program , which provided opportunities for international learning. In February 2020, Dr. Andy Hakin was named the university's 19th president and vice-chancellor by StFX's board of governors. He began his tenure on July 1, 2020. Maclean's 2022 Guide to Canadian Universities ranked St. Francis Xavier seventh in

3078-754: The brutality of the evictions was later submitted anonymously to Pàdraig MacNeacail, the editor of the column in Canadian Gaelic in which the poem was later published in the Nova Scotia newspaper The Casket . The poem, which is believed to draw upon eyewitness accounts, is believed to be the only Gaelic-language source relating to the evictions in Glencalvie. By 1850, Gaelic was the third most-common mother tongue in British North America after English and French (when excluding Indigenous languages), and

3159-448: The college building in 1888. In 1894, the academy affiliated with St. Francis Xavier University as Mount St. Bernard College. In 1897, the school became the first co-educational Catholic university in North America to grant degrees to women. Four women were awarded university degrees in 1897. A metal plaque in the St. Francis Xavier University Chapel is dedicated to the thirty-three members of

3240-611: The college, now St. Francis Xavier University, who were killed in service during the First World War (1914–18). In February 1922, St. Francis Xavier University's War Memorial Rink, with a brick exterior and wooden interior, opened. After the War Memorial Rink was officially closed on February 8, 2002, the building was torn down and a new science complex was built in the old rink's place. StFX's extension department has engaged in community development in Antigonish since 1928 while

3321-591: The concerns of domestic speakers. Legislators questioned why "privileges should be asked for Highland Scotchmen in [the Canadian Parliament] that are not asked for in their own country". Politicians who themselves spoke the language held opinions that would today be considered misinformed; Lunenburg Senator Henry Kaulback , in response to Thomas Robert McInnes 's Gaelic bill, described the language as only "well suited to poetry and fairy tales". The belief that certain languages had inherent strengths and weaknesses

Antigonish, Nova Scotia - Misplaced Pages Continue

3402-523: The construction of St. Ninian 's Cathedral. Year-round, the town has access to professional and community theatre through the Bauer Theatre on the StFX Campus. It is home to Festival Antigonish Summer Theatre and Theatre Antigonish. Antigonish experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ), with warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. The highest temperature ever recorded in Antigonish

3483-626: The days of early settlement and Lewis MacKinnon, whose Canadian Gaelic poetry was awarded the Bardic Crown ( Scottish Gaelic : Crùn na Bàrdachd ) by An Comunn Gàidhealach at the 2011 Royal National Mòd at Stornoway , Isle of Lewis . The Gaelic cultural identity community is a part of Nova Scotia's diverse peoples and communities. Thousands of Nova Scotians attend Gaelic-related activities and events annually including: language workshops and immersions, milling frolics, square dances, fiddle and piping sessions, concerts and festivals. Up until about

3564-461: The end of the American War of Independence , immigrants newly arrived from Scotland were joined in Canada by so-called " United Empire Loyalist " refugees fleeing persecution and the seizure of their land claims by American Patriots . These settlers arrived on a mass scale at the arable lands of British North America , with large numbers settling in Glengarry County in present-day Ontario, and in

3645-463: The first Scottish colony overseas . The group of Highlanders – all of whom were Gaelic-speaking – were settled at what is presently known as Port Royal , on the western shore of Nova Scotia. Within a year the colony had failed. Subsequent attempts to relaunch it were cancelled when in 1631 the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye returned Nova Scotia to French rule. Almost a half-century later, in 1670,

3726-664: The first Gaelic-language books printed in Canada, all of which were Presbyterian religious books, were published at Pictou, Nova Scotia and Charlottetown , Prince Edward Island in 1832. The first Gaelic language books published in Toronto and Montreal, which were also Presbyterian religious books, appeared between 1835 and 1836. The first Catholic religious books published in the Gaelic-language were printed at Pictou in 1836. In 1812, Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk obtained 300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi) to build

3807-543: The increasingly Anglicized Scottish nobility began to evict Gaelic-speaking tenants en masse from their ancestral lands in order to replace them with private deer-stalking estates and herds of sheep. The first ship loaded with Hebridean colonists arrived at Île-St.-Jean (Prince Edward Island) in 1770, with later ships following in 1772, and 1774. In September 1773 a ship named The Hector landed in Pictou , Nova Scotia, with 189 settlers who departed from Loch Broom . In 1784

3888-423: The language here I find that they already have the blas , the sound of the Gaelic even in their English. It's part of who they are, you can't just throw that away. It's in you." While performing in 2000 at the annual Cèilidh at Christmas Island , Cape Breton , Barra native and legendary Gaelic singer Flora MacNeil spread her arms wide and cried, "You are my people!" The hundreds of Canadian-born Gaels in

3969-576: The language, including the 1997 hit Hòro Ghoid thu Nighean ('Jenny Dang the Weaver'). Cape Breton fiddling is a unique tradition of Gaelic and Acadian styles, known in fiddling circles worldwide. Several Canadian schools use the "Gael" as a mascot, the most prominent being Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario . The school cheer of Queen's University is "Oilthigh na Bànrighinn a' Bhànrighinn gu bràth!" ('The Queen's College and Queen forever!'), and

4050-408: The largest single amount pledged by a StFX alumna or alumnus in the university's history. St. Francis Xavier University ceremonially awards to students a distinctive X -Ring . The ring is awarded on December 3 (Saint Francis Xavier 's feast day) of each year before the students' graduation. On average, more than 95% of the graduating class opt for the ring. Since Riley was named president in 1996,

4131-475: The last barrier to Scottish settlement – a law restricting land-ownership on Cape Breton Island – was repealed, and soon both PEI and Nova Scotia were predominantly Gaelic-speaking. Between 1815 and 1870, it is estimated that more than 50,000 Gaelic settlers immigrated to Nova Scotia alone. Many of them left behind poetry and other works of Scottish Gaelic literature . The poet Mìcheal Mór MacDhòmhnaill emigrated from South Uist to Cape Breton around 1775 and

SECTION 50

#1732845566216

4212-462: The local First Nations people passed on their language, with the effect that by the mid-18th century there existed a sizeable population of Métis traders with Scottish and aboriginal ancestry, and command of spoken Gaelic. Cape Breton remained the property of France until 1758 (although mainland Nova Scotia had belonged to Britain since 1713) when Fortress Louisbourg fell to the British, followed by

4293-570: The location of an annual Mi'kmaq summer coastal community prior to European settlement. The original definition of the name has been lost as the Mi'kmaq language has undergone many revisions over the last two centuries. The first European settlement took place in 1784 when Lt. Colonel Timothy Hierlihy of the Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment received a large land grant surrounding Antigonish Harbour . Hierlihy and his party founded

4374-462: The magazine's undergraduate university category. In the same year, the university placed 34th in Maclean's reputational survey of Canadian universities. Between 2000 and 2004, more St Francis Xavier students, on a per capita basis, have received Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) awards for post-secondary study than any other university in Canada. St Francis Xavier University

4455-487: The mid-19th century, there were as many as 200,000 speakers of Scottish Gaelic and Newfoundland Irish together, making it the third-most-spoken European language in Canada after English and French . In Atlantic Canada today, there are approximately 2,000 speakers, mainly in Nova Scotia. In terms of the total number of speakers in the 2011 census, there were 7,195 total speakers of "Gaelic languages" in Canada, with 1,365 in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island where

4536-642: The monthly An Cuairtear Òg Gaelach ( lit.   ' The Gaelic Tourist ' ) in Antigonish, Nova Scotia , which lasted a year before being replaced by the English-language Antigonish Casket , which initially occasional Gaelic-language material. On Cape Breton, several Gaelic-language newspapers were published in Sydney . The longest-lasting was Mac-Talla ( lit.   ' The Echo ' ), published by Jonathon G. MacKinnon  [ gd ] from 1892 to 1904. Mac-Talla began as

4617-657: The more dominant French–Métis culture, and the Bungi dialect is most likely extinct . James Gillanders of Highfield Cottage near Dingwall , was the Factor for the estate of Major Charles Robertson of Kincardine and, as his employer was then serving with the British Army in Australia , Gillanders was the person most responsible for the mass evictions staged at Glencalvie, Ross-shire in 1845. A Gaelic-language poem denouncing Gillanders for

4698-600: The northeastern mainland of the province. Scottish Gaelic is a member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages and the Canadian dialects have their origins in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland . The parent language developed out of Middle Irish and is closely related to modern Irish . The Canadian branch is a close cousin of the Irish language in Newfoundland . At its peak in

4779-602: The only black speakers of Goidelic languages in Canada, were born in Cape Breton and in adulthood became friends with Rudyard Kipling , who in 1896 wrote Captains Courageous , which featured an isolated Gaelic-speaking African-Canadian cook from Cape Breton . Many English-speaking writers and artists of Scottish-Canadian ancestry have featured Canadian Gaelic in their works, among them Alistair MacLeod ( No Great Mischief ), Ann-Marie MacDonald ( Fall on Your Knees ), and D.R. MacDonald ( Cape Breton Road ). Gaelic singer Mary Jane Lamond has released several albums in

4860-493: The outbreak of World War II , the Canadian government attempted to prevent the use of Gaelic on public telecommunications systems. The government believed Gaelic was used by subversives affiliated with Ireland, a neutral country perceived to be tolerant of the Nazis . In Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton where the Gaelic language was strongest, it was actively discouraged in schools with corporal punishment . Children were beaten with

4941-420: The population dropped from a peak of 200,000 in 1850, to 80,000 in 1900, to 30,000 in 1930 and 500–1,000 today. There are no longer entire communities of Canadian Gaelic-speakers, although traces of the language and pockets of speakers are relatively commonplace on Cape Breton, and especially in traditional strongholds like Christmas Island , The North Shore , and Baddeck . A. W. R. MacKenzie founded

SECTION 60

#1732845566216

5022-399: The provincial government approved the twinning of Highway 104 from Addington Forks Road easterly 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to Taylor's Road. In 2017, the provincial government announced that a further 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Sutherlands River to Antigonish would be twinned, thus creating an uninterrupted four-lane highway network from Halifax to Antigonish. The finished twinned highway

5103-524: The region. The university partnered with the wider community to offer the Neighbours Helping Neighbours initiative, matching local volunteers with off-campus students completing their travel-related COVID-19 isolation. Approximately 500 volunteers signed up to assist isolating students, providing services such as grocery delivery and other related support. Residence students had meals delivered to their door. These procedures were repeated at

5184-571: The responses mainly refer to Scottish Gaelic. The 2016 Canadian census also reported that 240 residents of Nova Scotia and 15 on Prince Edward Island considered Scottish Gaelic to be their "mother tongue". The 2021 Canadian census reported 2,170 Scottish Gaelic speakers in Canada (including 425 as an L1), 635 of them living in Nova Scotia (including 65 native speakers). While there have been many distinctive Canadian dialects of Scottish Gaelic that have been spoken in other Gàidhealtachd communities, particularly in Glengarry County, Ontario and

5265-419: The rest of New France in the ensuing Battle at the Plaines d'Abraham . As a result of the conflict Highland regiments who fought for the British secured a reputation for tenacity and combat prowess. In turn the countryside itself secured a reputation among the Highlanders for its size, beauty, and wealth of natural resources. They would remember Canada when the earliest of the Highland Clearances by

5346-438: The turn of the 20th century, Gaelic was widely spoken on eastern Prince Edward Island (PEI). In the 2011 Canadian Census, 10 individuals in PEI cited that their mother tongue was a Gaelic language, with over 90 claiming to speak a Gaelic language. Gaels , and their language and culture, have influenced the heritage of Glengarry County and other regions in present-day Ontario , where many Highland Scots settled commencing in

5427-551: The university has undergone a $ 230 million campus renewal initiative to improve educational and residential opportunities throughout campus. To date, the initiative has seen the completion of eleven large-scale projects. St. Francis Xavier is represented in the Atlantic University Sport conference by 12 varsity athletics teams. The X-Men teams include men's football, basketball, cross-country, track and field, soccer, and hockey. The X-Women teams include basketball, cross country, track and field, hockey, rugby and soccer. In 2006,

5508-497: The university that they had tested positive for COVID-19. Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston announced on December 17, 2021 that the university and the students' union had both been issued summary offence tickets and fined $ 11,622.50 each; the maximum amount that can be handed out. Houston said the university failed to abide by the province's COVID-19 restrictions, specifically masking requirements. On 4 April 2003 Canada Post issued "St. Francis Xavier University, 1853–2003" as part of

5589-420: The women wore the Highland plaid ." Unlike in the Gaelic-speaking settlements along the Cape Fear River in North Carolina , there was no Gaelic printing press in Canada. For this reason, in 1819, Rev. Seumas MacGriogar , the first Gaelic-speaking Presbyterian minister appointed to Nova Scotia , had to publish his collection of Christian poetry in Glasgow . Printing presses soon followed, though, and

5670-412: The women's college existed as a residence only. In the early 20th century, professional education expanded beyond the traditional fields of theology, law and medicine. Graduate training based on the German-inspired American model of specialized course work and the completion of a research thesis was introduced. The policy of university education initiated in the 1960s responded to population pressure and

5751-404: Was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on 12 August 1944. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −35.6 °C (−32 °F) on 19 January 1925. Download coordinates as: Canadian Gaelic Scottish Gaels were settled in Nova Scotia from 1773, with the arrival of the ship Hector and continuing until the 1850s. Gaelic has been spoken since then in Nova Scotia on Cape Breton Island and on

5832-465: Was agreed to conduct the whole proceedings in the Gaelic language." From the mid-19th century to the early 1930s, several Gaelic-language newspapers were published in Canada, although the greatest concentration of such papers was in Cape Breton. From 1840 to 1841, Cuairtear nan Coillte ( lit.   ' Woodland Walk ' ) was published in Kingston, Ontario, and in 1851, Eòin Boidhdeach launched

5913-423: Was defeated 42–7. Despite the widespread disregard by government on Gaelic issues, records exist of at least one criminal trial conducted entirely in Gaelic. It was conducted "in the provincial judicial system sometime during the term (1881–1904) of Chief Justice James MacDonald of Bridgeville, Pictou County." This was only possible as all people involved happened to know the language, and thus "by common consent it

5994-568: Was established in Antigonish in 1855, having been founded in 1853 in Arichat , Cape Breton and originally called the College of East Bay after East Bay, Nova Scotia where an earlier institution had once existed (1824–1829). St.F.X. was originally a Catholic seminary and was granted full university powers in 1866 by an act of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . The town is also the episcopal seat of

6075-511: Was moved to its present location in Antigonish, and established as St. Francis Xavier College in 1855. On May 7, 1866, St. Francis Xavier College was given university status, becoming St. Francis Xavier University. The university awarded its first degrees in 1868. In 1883 Mount St. Bernard Academy was founded for female education, with girls from primary grades to grade 12 taught by the Sisters of Notre Dame . Architect Henry Frederick Busch designed

6156-504: Was named after), with the assistance of a First Nations guide, blazed a trail from Antigonish Harbour to Brown's Mountain, using the shortest route. This trail became a guide for travellers and eventually evolved into a winding Main Street. By the late 1820s, Dorchester was commonly referred to as Antigonish. In 1852, a newspaper, The Casket , began publication. It was recently purchased by Bounty Print in 2015. St. Francis Xavier University

6237-519: Was opened in July 2023. The Antigonish area experienced great deal of economic growth and retail development between 2004 and 2007 when the retail landscape of the town and county changed significantly. Much of the growth took place in the Post Road area, just outside town. Other areas also saw growth. A multi-unit retail annex was constructed at the local shopping mall in the spring of 2006. This complex houses

6318-547: Was printed by Jonathon G. MacKinnon for 11 years between 1892 and 1904, in Sydney . However, MacKinnon's mockery of complaints over Mac-Talla' s regular misprints and his tendency to financially guilt trip his subscribers, ultimately led local Gaelic poet Alasdair a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill to lampoon Mac-Talla and its editor in two separate works of satirical poetry : Òran Càinidh do Mhac-Talla ('A Song of Revile to Mac-Talla ') and Aoir Mhic-Talla ('The Satire of Mac-Talla '). Eòin and Seòras MacShuail, believed to be

6399-491: Was the immediate cause of the drastic decline in Gaelic fluency in the 20th century. According to Antigonish County Gaelic poet and politician Lewis MacKinnon, "We are just like the native peoples here, our culture is indigenous to this region. We too have suffered injustices, we too have been excluded, we too have been forgotten and ridiculed for something that is simply part of who and what we are. It's part of our human expression and that story needs to be told." Ultimately

6480-479: Was traditionally played by the Gaels upon St. Andrew's Day , Christmas Day , New Year's Day , Handsel Monday , and Candlemas , to the much colder Canadian winter climate by playing on frozen lakes while wearing ice skates . This led to the creation of the modern sport known as ice hockey . According to Margie Beaton, who emigrated from Scotland to Nova Scotia to teach the Gaelic language there in 1976, "In teaching

6561-479: Was typical in the 19th century, but has been rejected by modern linguistics . Around 1880, Am Bàrd Mac Dhiarmaid from The North Shore , wrote " An Té a Chaill a' Ghàidhlig " ( lit.   ' The Woman who Lost the Gaelic ' , also known in English as "The Yankee Girl"), a humorous song recounting the growing phenomenon of Gaels shunning their mother-tongue . Chuir mi fàilte oirr' gu càirdeil: "Dé mar

#215784