100-730: Antarmahal is a 2005 Indian Bengali film , directed by Rituparno Ghosh and produced by Amitabh Bachchan Corporation . The film is based on a Bengali short story named Pratima by Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay . Set in the late 19th century , the plot revolves around two women who are married to a vainglorious Bengali landlord who exploits them to obtain social status . It stars Jackie Shroff , Roopa Ganguly , Soha Ali Khan , Abhishek Bachchan , Mrinal Mukherjee , Sumanta Mukherjee and Biswajit Chakraborty . The film received widespread critical acclaim. Screen Daily writes, "Rituparno Ghosh spins another sumptuous, yet intimate family story with Antarmahal: Views From The Inner Chamber, playing once morein
200-501: A Prix Roberto Rossellini , the first professional film award of his career, for his direction of the film. The last film of the so-called Koker trilogy was Through the Olive Trees (1994), which expands a peripheral scene from Life and Nothing More into the central drama. Critics such as Adrian Martin have called the style of filmmaking in the Koker trilogy as "diagrammatical", linking
300-843: A Time in Calcutta , Ballabhpurer Roopkotha , Tonic , Byomkesh O Durgo Rahasya and many others. Detective films and family drama films have been the most popular and successful genre in this era. The success of detective films largely owes to the film adaptation of popular fictional characters like Kakababu , Byomkesh , Kiriti Roy , Mitin Masi and Tenida . Successful Bengali films are getting Hindi remakes in Bollywood, Marathi remakes and Malayalam remakes ( Gang of Ghosts , Salt Mango Tree , Welcome Zindagi , Ravanasura , Jalebi , Begum Jaan , Cirkus (film) , Meri Awas Suno , Shastry Viruddh Shastry ). Also, Bengali films have in
400-665: A central role. As illustrated in the aftermath of the 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake disaster, they also represent the power of human resilience to overcome and defy destruction. Unlike the Koker films, which convey an instinctual thirst for survival, Taste of Cherry explores the fragility of life and focuses on how precious it is. Some film critics believe that the assemblage of light versus dark scenes in Kiarostami's film grammar, such as in Taste of Cherry and The Wind Will Carry Us , suggests
500-628: A committee in West Bengal's Tollywood has been proposed to the Chief Minister. Tollywood was the very first Hollywood-inspired name , dating back to a 1932 article in the American Cinematographer by Wilford E. Deming, an American engineer who was involved in the production of the first Indian sound film. He gave the industry the name Tollywood because the Tollygunge district in which it
600-580: A large, even disproportionate, representation in Indian cinema during this period. They produced directors like Satyajit Ray , Mrinal Sen , Tarun Majumdar , Tapan Sinha . Satyajit Ray is an Academy Honorary Award winner and the recipient of India's and France's greatest civilian honours, the Bharat Ratna and Legion of Honor respectively, and Mrinal Sen is the recipient of the French distinction of Commander of
700-444: A note of rebirth and regeneration."He notes the degree of artifice concealed behind the apparent simplicity of the imagery. In 2005, Kiarostami contributed the central section to Tickets , a portmanteau film set on a train traveling through Italy. The other segments were directed by Ken Loach and Ermanno Olmi . In 2008, Kiarostami directed the feature Shirin , which features close-ups of many notable Iranian actresses and
800-477: A priest reads hymns for conception near the bed, ordering Mahamaya, in a drugged state, to fulfill the carnal desires of five sexually deprived Brahmin priests. Although she luckily escapes the fate due to the untimely ending, Jashomati, while in her traumatised and lonely state, gets physically drawn towards a young sculptor ( Abhishek Bachchan ). It's in this centre of all this that the sculptor makes his masterpiece, his tribute, and seals Jashomati's ultimate fate.
900-560: A specific elite market. One of the earliest known studios was the East India Film Company . The first Bengali film to be made as a talkie was Jamai Shashthi , released in 1931. At this time the early heroes of the Bengali film industry like Pramathesh Barua and Debaki Bose were at the peak of their popularity. Barua also directed movies, exploring new dimensions in Indian cinema. Debaki Bose directed Chandidas in 1932; this film
1000-580: A story about three teenagers coming into conflict over a suit for a wedding. Kiarostami then directed Report (1977). With a 112-minute runtime, it was considerably longer than his previous work. The film revolved around the life of a tax collector accused of accepting bribes; suicide was among its themes. In 1979, he produced and directed First Case, Second Case . In the early 1980s, Kiarostami directed several short films including Toothache (1980), Orderly or Disorderly (1981), and The Chorus (1982). In 1983, he directed Fellow Citizen . It
1100-552: A successful example." Roger Ebert , however, praised the film, noting that "Kiarostami is rather brilliant in the way he creates offscreen spaces." Binoche won the Best Actress Award at Cannes for her performance in the film. Kiarostami's penultimate film, Like Someone in Love , set and shot in Japan, received largely positive reviews from critics. Kiarostami's final film 24 Frames
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#17331051067201200-472: A trilogy, given their common theme of the preciousness of life. In 1987, Kiarostami was involved in the screenwriting of The Key , which he edited but did not direct. In 1989, he released Homework . Kiarostami's first film of the decade was Close-Up (1990), which narrates the story of the real-life trial of a man who impersonated film-maker Mohsen Makhmalbaf , conning a family into believing they would star in his new film. The family suspects theft as
1300-1221: A unique acting style. The 2000s marked the rise of many new actors, among whom Jeet and Dev became superstars. After 2007s, new actors like Ankush Hazra , Abir Chatterjee , Parambrata Chatterjee , Anirban Bhattacharya , Ritwick Chakraborty and Soham Chakraborty have gained popularity. Actress as Debashree Roy , Rituparna Sengupta , Indrani Haldar , Rachna Banerjee , Mahua Roychoudhury , Sreelekha Mitra , Satabdi Roy , Raima Sen , Priyanka Upendra , Srabanti Chatterjee , Koel Mallick , Swastika Mukherjee and June Malia became popular. Successful Bengali films are getting Hindi remakes in Bollywood remakes ( Bemisal , Ijaazat , Rahgir , Balika Badhu , Saaheb Isi Ka Naam Zindagi , Chhoti Bahoo , Khoj , Shatru (1986 film) , Angoor ) During this period, Megastars such as Prosenjit Chatterjee , Mithun Chakraborty , Soumitra Chatterjee , Jishu Sengupta , Anjan Dutta , Parambrata Chatterjee , and later, Dev , Jeet , Abir Chatterjee , Ankush Hazra , Anirban Bhattacharya , Jeetu Kamal have been active. Among them Prosenjit Chatterjee , Mithun Chakraborty , Dev and Jeet have gained immense popularity and are considered as
1400-433: A wheat field with rippling golden crops through which the doctor, accompanied by the filmmaker, is riding his scooter in a twisting road. In response to the comment that the other world is a better place than this one, the doctor recites this poem of Khayyam: They promise of houries in heaven But I would say wine is better Take the present to the promises A drum sounds melodious from distance It has been argued that
1500-530: A whole it would have a more profound impact in creating tension over the situation. That one shot took around forty days to complete until Kiarostami was fully content with the scene. Kiarostami later commented that the breaking of scenes would have disrupted the rhythm and content of the film's structure, preferring to let the scene flow as one. Unlike other directors, Kiarostami showed no interest in staging extravagant combat scenes or complicated chase scenes in large-scale productions, instead attempting to mold
1600-438: Is Ten , which was filmed in a moving automobile in which Kiarostami was not present. He gave suggestions to the actors about what to do, and a camera placed on the dashboard filmed them while they drove around Tehran. The camera was allowed to roll, capturing the faces of the people involved during their daily routine, using a series of extreme-close shots. Ten was an experiment that used digital cameras to virtually eliminate
1700-595: Is Internationally Acclaimed for Cult Classic films as Antarjali Jatra , Padma Nadir Majhi , Moner Manush and many more. Prabhat Ray is popular for Romantic Family drama for Lathi . Majumdar, Mukhopadhyay, and Choudhury were the pioneers in the mid-1980s to 1990s taste of Bengali films. In the 1980s and 2007s, the most popular male Bengali actors were Prosenjit Chatterjee , Tapas Paul , Mithun Chakraborty , Victor Banerjee , Chiranjeet Chakraborty , Jisshu Sengupta , Sabyasachi Chakraborty , Ranjit Mallick , Tota Roy Chowdhury and Abhishek Chatterjee , each with
1800-692: Is also credited as one of the pioneers of advertisement films in India. The first Bengali-language movie was the silent feature Billwamangal , produced by the Madan Theatre Company of Calcutta and released on 8 November 1919, only six years after the first full-length Indian feature film, Raja Harish Chandra , was released. The early beginnings of the "talking film" industry go back to the early 1930s when it came to British India , and to Calcutta. The movies were originally made in Urdu or Persian to accommodate
1900-495: Is also known for his use of Persian poetry in the dialogue, titles, and themes of his films. Kiarostami's films contain a notable degree of ambiguity, an unusual mixture of simplicity and complexity, and often a mix of fictional and documentary elements. The concepts of change and continuity, in addition to the themes of life and death, play a major role in Kiarostami's works. Kiarostami was born in Tehran . His first artistic experience
2000-476: Is directly quoted in the film, highlighting the artistic link and intimate connection between them. This in turn reflects on the connection between the past and present, between continuity and change. The characters recite poems mainly from classical Persian poet Omar Khayyám or modern Persian poets such as Sohrab Sepehri and Forough Farrokhzad . One scene in The Wind Will Carry Us has a long shot of
2100-470: Is famous for Youth Characterization of Interview , Calcutta 71 . Rabi Ghosh and Anil Chatterjee is a notable actor for his Versatile Acting which impressed the Audience in short time. In the 1960s, Bengal saw a host of talented actresses like Aparna Sen , Sharmila Tagore , Madhabi Mukherjee , Sandhya Roy and, Supriya Devi and Jayashree Kabir . Aparna Sen was one of the most successful actresses of
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#17331051067202200-433: Is internationally known for his acting in movies and plays, especially Shakespearean plays. Bhanu Bandopadhyay , Rabi Ghosh , and Anup Kumar were best known for their comic timing, and with their versatile acting talent they stunned the audience and critics. The pioneers in Bengali film music include Raichand Boral , Pankaj Mullick , and K. C. Dey , all associated with New Theatres Calcutta . The greatest composers of
2300-411: Is not pregiven ( donnée toute faite ) (as are those of dreams, phantasms or bad films): it is to be invented, cut and edited. Thus it is evidence , insofar as, if one day I happen to look at my street on which I walk up and down ten times a day, I construct for an instant a new evidence of my street. For Jean-Luc Nancy, this notion of cinema as "evidence" , rather than as documentary or imagination,
2400-493: Is noted for its breakthrough in recording sound. Sound recordist Mukul Bose found a solution to the problem of spacing out dialogue and frequency modulation. The Bengali film industry has made significant contributions to the cinema of India . The first Bengali talkies were the short film Jamai Shashthi released on 11 April 1931 at Crown Cinema Hall in Calcutta, and full-length feature Dena Paona released on 30 December 1931 at Chitra Cinema Hall in Calcutta. The industry
2500-803: Is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals , the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India . It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). The National Film Awards , established in 1954, are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the Indian cinema . The ceremony also presents awards for films in various regional languages . Abbas Kiarostami Abbas Kiarostami ( Persian : عباس کیارستمی [ʔæbˌbɒːs kijɒːɾostæˈmi] ; 22 June 1940 – 4 July 2016)
2600-421: Is presented there: the images are the evidence of its existence, the objectivity of its assertion. This thought—which, for me, is the very thought of this film [ Life and Nothing More... ]—is a difficult thought, perhaps the most difficult. It's a slow thought, always underway, fraying a path so that the path itself becomes thought. It is that which frays images so that images become this thought, so that they become
2700-436: Is projective, containing an irreducibly fictive element, but in this "being more than" life, it is therefore contaminated by mortality. Nancy is giving a clue, in other words, toward the interpretation of Kiarostami's statement that lying is the only way to truth. The concepts of change and continuity, in addition to the themes of life and death, play a major role in Kiarostami's works. In the Koker trilogy , these themes play
2800-435: Is significantly reduced in Kiarostami's cinema. The French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy , writing about Kiarostami, and in particular Life and Nothing More... , has argued that his films are neither quite fiction nor quite documentary. Life and Nothing More... , he argues, is neither representation nor reportage, but rather "evidence" : [I]t all looks like reporting, but everything underscores ( indique à l'évidence ) that it
2900-569: Is the drama of a man, Mr. Badii, determined to commit suicide. The film involved themes such as morality, the legitimacy of the act of suicide, and the meaning of compassion. Kiarostami directed The Wind Will Carry Us in 1999, which won the Grand Jury Prize (Silver Lion) at the Venice International Film Festival . The film contrasted rural and urban views on the dignity of labor , addressing themes of gender equality and
3000-400: Is the fiction of a documentary (in fact, Kiarostami shot the film several months after the earthquake), and that it is rather a document about "fiction": not in the sense of imagining the unreal, but in the very specific and precise sense of the technique, of the art of constructing images. For the image by means of which, each time, each opens a world and precedes himself in it ( s'y précède )
3100-415: Is tied to the way Kiarostami deals with life-and-death (cf. the remark by Geoff Andrew on ABC Africa , cited above, to the effect that Kiarostami's films are not about death but about life-and-death): Existence resists the indifference of life-and-death, it lives beyond mechanical "life", it is always its own mourning, and its own joy. It becomes figure, image. It does not become alienated in images, but it
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3200-555: The 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake , in which 40,000 people died. Kiarostami uses the themes of life, death, change, and continuity to connect the films. The trilogy was successful in France in the 1990s and other Western European countries such as the Netherlands , Sweden, Germany and Finland . But, Kiarostami did not consider the three films to comprise a trilogy. He suggested that the last two titles plus Taste of Cherry (1997) comprise
3300-465: The 2010 Cannes Film Festival . Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian describes the film as an "intriguing oddity", and said, " Certified Copy is the deconstructed portrait of a marriage, acted with well-intentioned fervour by Juliette Binoche, but persistently baffling, contrived, and often simply bizarre – a highbrow misfire of the most peculiar sort." He concluded that the film is "unmistakably an example of Kiarostami's compositional technique, though not
3400-476: The Bengali language . It was this "chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables," Holly and Tolly, that led to the name "Tollywood" being coined. The name "Tollywood" went on to be used as a nickname for the Bengali film industry by the popular Kolkata -based Junior Statesman youth magazine, establishing a precedent for other film industries to use similar-sounding names. Tollywood later went on to inspire
3500-522: The Herbie films (1967–2005) and Bari Theke Paliye (1958) resembled François Truffaut 's The 400 Blows (1959). Other eminent Bengali filmmakers included the trio of Tapan Sinha , Ajoy Kar and Tarun Majumdar , collectively referred as "TAT". Their films have been well known for Best Literature Adaptation and displaying larger than life perspectives. Ajoy Kar directorial numerous films created many new milestones and broke existing box office records in
3600-492: The Iranian New Wave , a Persian cinema movement that started in the late 1960s and emphasized the use of poetic dialogue and allegorical storytelling dealing with political and philosophical issues. Kiarostami had a reputation for using child protagonists, for documentary-style narrative films, for stories that take place in rural villages, and for conversations that unfold inside cars, using stationary mounted cameras. He
3700-1200: The Order of Arts and Letters and the Russian Order of Friendship . The revival in Bengali Mainstream cinema dates from the rise of directors such as Tarun Majumdar along with Arabinda Mukhopadhyay and Shakti Samanta . Other prominent filmmakers in the Bengali film industry at the time included Ritwik Ghatak , Mrinal Sen , Tapan Sinha and Ajoy Kar . The Bengali film industry has produced classics such as Nagarik (1952), The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959), Kabuliwala (1957), Jalsaghar (1958), Ajantrik (1958), Neel Akasher Neechey (1959), Devi (1960), Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960), Saptapadi (1961), Jhinder Bondi (1961), Saat Pake Bandha (1963), Jatugriha (1964), Atithi (1965), Hatey Bazarey (1967), Malyadan (1971), Nimantran (1971), Shriman Prithviraj (1973), Calcutta trilogies (1971–1976), Mrigayaa (1976), Ganadevata (1978), etc. In particular, Calcutta trilogies , The Apu Trilogy , Shriman Prithviraj , Saptapadi are frequently listed among
3800-554: The greatest films of all time . The most well-known Bengali superstar to date has been Uttam Kumar while Suchitra Sen is regarded as the most beautiful and influential actress of Bengali cinema. Kumar and Sen were known as "The Eternal Pair" in the late 1950s. This pair worked in the 1961 epic Romantic drama Saptapadi (1961 film) by Kar besides others. Suchitra Sen got her first International Award for Saat Pake Bandha (1963) by Kar . Apart from Sen, Sabitri Chatterjee and Sumitra Devi were very popular actresses of
3900-577: The 1950s. Soumitra Chatterjee is a notable actor who acted in many films in different genres. He was considered as a rival to Uttam Kumar in the 1960s. Soumitra is famous for the characterisation of Feluda in Sonar Kella (1974) and Joi Baba Felunath . Ganadevata, written and directed by Ray and Ganadevata (1978), Directed by Tarun Majumdar . He also played the adult version of Apu in The World of Apu (1959), directed by Ray. In 70's, Ranjit Mallick
4000-423: The 60's being Saptapadi by Kar , Jhinder Bondi (1961) by Sinha , Saat Pake Bandha by Kar , The Adventures of Goopy And Bagha (1968) at Rs. 600,000 ($ 80,000) and Shatranj Ke Khilari (1977) at Rs. 6 million ($ 230,000). Bombaiyer Bombete , produced by Ramoji Films at a cost of Rs 8 million, recovered its costs within three weeks and earned 20 million in all. The movie has brought back
4100-619: The Century" critics' poll also included The Apu Trilogy (ranked No. 5 if votes are combined). In 2005, The Apu Trilogy was also included in Time 's All-Time 100 Movies list. In 1992, the Sight & Sound Critics' Poll ranked Ray at No. 7 in its list of "Top 10 Directors" of all time, and Days and Nights in the Forest (ranked No. 81 in 1982). The National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali
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4200-621: The Forest (ranked No. 81 in 1982). The 2002 Sight & Sound critics' and directors' poll also included the Ritwik Ghatak films Meghe Dhaka Tara (ranked #231) and Komal Gandhar (ranked #346). In 1998, the critics' poll conducted by the Asian film magazine Cinemaya included The Apu Trilogy (ranked No. 1 if votes are combined), Ray's Charulata and The Music Room (both tied at #11), and Ghatak's Subarnarekha (also tied at #11). In 1999, The Village Voice top 250 "Best Film of
4300-486: The French actress Juliette Binoche as they watch a film based on a partly mythological Persian romance tale of Khosrow and Shirin , with themes of female self-sacrifice. The film has been described as "a compelling exploration of the relationship between image, sound and female spectatorship." That summer, he directed Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's opera Così fan tutte conducted by Christophe Rousset at Festival d'Aix-en-Provence starring with William Shimell . But
4400-669: The Golden Era. The cinematographer Subrata Mitra , who made his debut with Ray's The Apu Trilogy , also had an important influence on cinematography across the world. One of his most important techniques was bounce lighting , to recreate the effect of daylight on sets. He pioneered the technique while filming Aparajito (1956), the second part of The Apu Trilogy . Some of the experimental techniques which Satyajit Ray pioneered include photo-negative flashbacks and X-ray digressions while filming Pratidwandi (1972). Following Kerela's Hema committee, similar proposal for setting up
4500-581: The Golden Era. She became the leading heroine of the 1970s and since 1981 she has been directing films. One of the most well-known Bengali actresses was Sharmila Tagore , who debuted in Ray's The World of Apu , and became a major actress in Bengali cinema as well as Bollywood. Despite Suchitra Sen being the greatest actress, Sharmila was the most commercially successful actress in history with films like The World of Apu (1959), Devi (1960), Nayak (1966), Simabaddha (1967), and Aranyer Dinratri (1970). Utpal Dutt
4600-582: The Iranian rural landscape and its realism, both important elements of Kiarostami's work. Kiarostami made the film from a child's point of view. Where Is the Friend's Home? , And Life Goes On (1992) (also known as Life and Nothing More ), and Through the Olive Trees (1994) are described by critics as the Koker trilogy , because all three films feature the village of Koker in northern Iran. The films also relate to
4700-573: The Olive Trees in the US theaters. Kiarostami next wrote the screenplays for The Journey and The White Balloon (1995), for his former assistant Jafar Panahi . Between 1995 and 1996, he was involved in the production of Lumière and Company , a collaboration with 40 other film directors. Kiarostami won the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) award at the Cannes Film Festival for Taste of Cherry . It
4800-524: The State for facilities pushing up costs, poor marketing and distribution, and increasing competition from Bangladeshi films . A number of Satyajit Ray films appeared in the Sight & Sound Critics' Poll of all-time greatest films , including The Apu Trilogy (ranked No. 4 in 1992 if votes are combined), The Music Room (ranked No. 27 in 1992), Charulata (ranked No. 41 in 1992) and Days and Nights in
4900-764: The benefits of progress, by means of a stranger's sojourn in a remote Kurdish village. An unusual feature of the movie is that many of the characters are heard but not seen; at least thirteen to fourteen speaking characters in the film are never seen. In 2000, at the San Francisco Film Festival award ceremony, Kiarostami was awarded the Akira Kurosawa Prize for lifetime achievement in directing, but surprised everyone by giving it away to veteran Iranian actor Behrooz Vossoughi for his contribution to Iranian cinema. In 2001, Kiarostami and his assistant, Seifollah Samadian, traveled to Kampala , Uganda at
5000-408: The body of the goddess Durga whose clay idol is made every year for Durga Pooja . On the other hand, he also wants an heir and since he blames the failure on his elder wife Mahamaya ( Roopa Ganguly ) he marries again, the much younger Jashomati ( Soha Ali Khan ). Both of these wives compete against each other in an ego struggle. In his pursuit for a son, Bhubaneswar rapes Jashomati every night while
5100-430: The concept of family entertainment with Sandip Ray's gambit of contemporising the plot paying him a rich dividend. Admitting that he did not expect this success, he told Life that he was now lining up another such film for release next year. Earlier, a film by award-winning director Buddhadeb Dasgupta 's Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (The Tale of a Fallen Girl) produced by Arjoe Entertainments netted nearly Rs 7 million through
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#17331051067205200-552: The deaths of parents in the AIDS epidemic . Time Out editor and National Film Theatre chief programmer, Geoff Andrew, said in referring to the film: "Like his previous four features, this film is not about death but life-and-death: how they're linked, and what attitude we might adopt with regard to their symbiotic inevitability." The following year, Kiarostami directed Ten , revealing an unusual method of filmmaking and abandoning many scriptwriting conventions. Kiarostami focused on
5300-459: The director. This new direction towards a digital micro-cinema is defined as a micro-budget filmmaking practice, allied with a digital production basis. Kiarostami's cinema offers a different definition of film . According to film professors such as Jamsheed Akrami of William Paterson University , Kiarostami consistently tried to redefine film by forcing the increased involvement of the audience. In his later years, he also progressively trimmed
5400-498: The domestic film industry, while others have gone to work in Bollywood. Successful films by directors from this generation include Dostojee , Mayar Jonjal , Fotema , Baishe Srabon , Bakita Byaktigato , Boomerang , Cinemawala , Pradhan , Tekka , Amazon Obhijaan , Yeti Obhijaan , 8/12 Binay Badal Dinesh , Shesh Pata , Cockpit , Praktan , Gumnaami , Aparajito , Chander Pahar , Kolkata Chalantika , Haami 2 , Nagarkirtan , Once Upon
5500-448: The evidence of this thought—and not to "represent" it. In other words, wanting to accomplish more than just represent life and death as opposing forces, but rather to illustrate the way in which each element of nature is inextricably linked, Kiarostami devised a cinema that does more than just present the viewer with the documentable "facts", but neither is it simply a matter of artifice. Because "existence" means more than simply life, it
5600-432: The film examined human behavior and the balance of right and wrong. It furthered Kiarostami's reputation for realism , diegetic simplicity, and stylistic complexity, as well as his fascination with physical and spiritual journeys. In 1975, Kiarostami directed two short films So Can I and Two Solutions for One Problem . In early 1976, he released Colors , followed by the fifty-four-minute film A Wedding Suit ,
5700-404: The filming of The Bread and Alley in 1970, Kiarostami had major differences with his experienced cinematographer about how to film the boy and the attacking dog. While the cinematographer wanted separate shots of the boy approaching, a close-up of his hand as he enters the house and closes the door, followed by a shot of the dog, Kiarostami believed that if the three scenes could be captured as
5800-656: The final scene is duplicated from the final scene of The World of Apu . Similar references to Ray films are found in recent works such as Sacred Evil (2006), the Elements trilogy of Deepa Mehta , and in films of Jean-Luc Godard . Another prominent Bengali filmmaker is Mrinal Sen , whose films have been well known for their Marxist views. During his career, Mrinal Sen's films have received awards from major film festivals, including Cannes , Berlin, Venice , Moscow, Karlovy Vary , Montreal , Chicago , and Cairo . Retrospectives of his films have been shown in major cities of
5900-578: The following year's performances at the English National Opera was impossible to direct because of refusal of permission to travel abroad. Certified Copy (2010), again starring Juliette Binoche, was made in Tuscany and was Kiarostami's first film to be shot and produced outside Iran. The story of an encounter between a British man and a French woman, it was entered in competition for the Palme d'Or in
6000-610: The golden era included Robin Chatterjee , Sudhin Dasgupta , Nachiketa Ghosh , Hemant Kumar , etc. Tarun Majumdar is well known for First time educational, cultural, and philosophical cinematic experiences for both a mass audience and a class audience, He abolished the division in taste between mass and class audiences. Majumdar is best known for such Evergreen films as Shriman Prithviraj , Ganadevata , Sansar Simante and Alo and Many more. The revival in Bengali cinema dates from
6100-491: The internationally lauded 36 Chowringhee Lane , which looked at the lives of Anglo-Indians living in Calcutta. Her later films have also been celebrated: Paromitar Ek Din , The Japanese Wife , Goynar Baksho , and others. Anjan Choudhury is well known for middle of the road movie like Satru, Jibon Niye Khela and Choto Bou . Buddhadeb Dasgupta is best known for award-winning films like Uttara , Mondo Meyer Upakhyan , Charachar , and Janala . Goutam Ghose
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#17331051067206200-574: The jury), and the Küstendorf Film and Music Festival in 2011. He also made regular appearances at many other film festivals across Europe, including the Estoril Film Festival in Portugal. Though Kiarostami has been compared to Satyajit Ray , Vittorio De Sica , Éric Rohmer , and Jacques Tati , his films exhibit a singular style, often employing techniques of his own invention. During
6300-515: The late 1960s, he began creating credit titles for films (including Gheysar by Masoud Kimiai ) and illustrating children's books. In 1970 when the Iranian New Wave began with Dariush Mehrjui 's film Gāv , Kiarostami helped set up a filmmaking department at the Institute for Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (Kanun) in Tehran. Its debut production, and Kiarostami's first film,
6400-708: The medium of film to his own specifications. Kiarostami appeared to have settled on his style with the Koker trilogy , which included a myriad of references to his own film material, connecting common themes and subject matter between each of the films. Stephen Bransford has contended that Kiarostami's films do not contain references to the work of other directors, but are fashioned in such a manner that they are self-referenced. Bransford believes his films are often fashioned into an ongoing dialectic with one film reflecting on and partially demystifying an earlier film. He continued experimenting with new modes of filming, using different directorial methods and techniques. A case in point
6500-577: The mid-fifties owe a tremendous debt to the Apu trilogy ". Kanchenjungha (1962) introduced a narrative structure that resembles later hyperlink cinema . Ray's 1967 script for a film to be called The Alien , which was eventually cancelled, is widely believed to have been the inspiration for Steven Spielberg 's E.T. (1982). Ira Sachs ' Forty Shades of Blue (2005) was a loose remake of Charulata (1964), and in Gregory Nava 's My Family (1995),
6600-418: The most critically acclaimed Bengali films were low-budget films , including Satyajit Ray's famous Calcutta Trilogy (1971-1973), and The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959). The first film in the trilogy, Pather Panchali (1955), was produced on a shoestring budget of Rs. 150,000 ($ 32000) using an amateur cast and crew. All his other films that followed also had low budgets, with his most expensive films since
6700-428: The most internationally admired Iranian filmmaker of the past decade, is also among the world masters of automotive cinema...He understands the automobile as a place of reflection, observation and, above all, talk." In 2003, Kiarostami directed Five , a poetic feature with no dialogue or characterization. It consists of five long shots of nature which are single-take sequences, shot with a hand-held DV camera, along
6800-745: The motive for this charade, but the impersonator, Hossein Sabzian, argues that his motives were more complex. The part-documentary, part-staged film examines Sabzian's moral justification for usurping Makhmalbaf's identity, questioning his ability to sense his cultural and artistic flair. Ranked No. 42 in British Film Institute 's The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time , Close-Up received praise from directors such as Quentin Tarantino , Martin Scorsese , Werner Herzog , Jean-Luc Godard , and Nanni Moretti and
6900-514: The mutual existence of life with its endless possibilities, and death as a factual moment of anyone's life. Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak , of the University of Maryland , argues that one aspect of Kiarostami's cinematic style is that he is able to capture the essence of Persian poetry and create poetic imagery within the landscape of his films. In several of his movies such as Where is the Friend's Home and The Wind Will Carry Us , classical Persian poetry
7000-665: The name " Bollywood " (as the Bombay -based industry overtook the one in Tollygunge), which in turn inspired many other similar names . The history of cinema in Bengal dates to the 1920s when the first " bioscopes " were shown in theatres in Calcutta . Within a decade, Hiralal Sen , considered a stalwart of Victorian era cinema set up the Royal Bioscope Company , producing scenes from
7100-589: The nickname Tollywood, a portmanteau of the words Tollygunge and Hollywood , dates back to 1932. It was a historically important film industry, at one time the centre of Indian film production. The Bengali film industry is known for producing many of Indian cinema 's most critically acclaimed global Parallel Cinema and art films , with several of its filmmakers gaining prominence at the Indian National Film Awards as well as international acclaim. Ever since Satyajit Ray 's Pather Panchali (1955)
7200-539: The recent times have turned the cinematic spotlight on Kolkata, introducing the city to a wider national and global audience ( Kahaani , Piku , Detective Byomkesh Bakshy! ). After the digital film era, Bengali directors who have found artistic and commercial success in contemporary Bengali films include: Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury , Kamaleshwar Mukherjee , Sujit Mondal , Aniket Chattopadhyay , Anjan Dutta , Raj Chakraborty , Mainak Bhowmick , Srijit Mukherjee , Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee . Many of
7300-497: The recent years, a younger generation of visual directors has come to the scene, like Suman Ghosh , Sujit Mondal , Sudeshna Roy , Shiboprosad Mukherjee , along with Srijit Mukherji , Kamaleshwar Mukherjee , Kaushik Ganguly , Raj Chakraborty , Manasi Sinha , Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury , Atanu Ghosh , Atiul Islam , Aditya Vikram Sengupta , Anik Dutta , Anindya Chatterjee , Avijit Sen, Birsa Dasgupta , Soukarya Ghosal , Indrasis Acharya , and Mainak Bhaumik . Many work in
7400-537: The request of the United Nations International Fund for Agricultural Development , to film a documentary about programs assisting Ugandan orphans. He stayed for ten days and made ABC Africa . The trip was originally intended as research in preparation for the filming, but Kiarostami ended up editing the entire film from the video footage shot there. The high number of orphans in Uganda has resulted from
7500-525: The rise of directors such as Anjan Choudhury , Aparna Sen , Anjan Dutt along with Rituparno Ghosh , Goutam Ghosh , Prabhat Roy , Sandip Ray , Sudeshna Roy , Buddhadeb Dasgupta , Anjan Das , Bappaditya Bandopadhyay , Sekhar Das , and Subrata Sen . Rituparno Ghosh made his first film, Hirer Angti , in 1992 and dominated Bengali cinema until his death in 2013, winning numerous national awards for films like Unishe April , Dahan and Utsab . Aparna Sen made her directorial debut in 1981 with
7600-707: The sale of overseas rights against a cost of Rs 0.6 million. Haranath Chakraborty His film Sathi (Companion) created a record by recouping over five times its production cost, although the film Chokher Bali , with big names like Aishwarya Rai Bachchan , Rituparno Ghosh and Tagore, failed to yield expected results. The movie, billed at Rs 16.5 million (the highest among Bengali films). Hollywood houses like Columbia TriStar have made their debut in distributing Bengali movies. According to industry experts, several issues need to be addressed to build on this resurgence and consolidate it. These include inadequate infrastructure, which often compels moviemakers to go outside
7700-568: The same register he successfully used two years ago for fellow Locarno competitor Chokher Bali." The story takes place towards the end of the 19th century in Bengal. Bhubaneswar Chowdhury, a zamindar of Bakuldanga plans to please the British so that they bestow on him the Raibahadur title. There are quite a few contenders and so something unique has to be done, so he decides to put Queen Victoria 's face on
7800-427: The script is based on protima a masterpiece of Tarashankar bandopadhyay. Cinema of West Bengal Cinema of West Bengal , also known as Tollywood or Bengali cinema , is the segment of Indian cinema , dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Bengali language widely spoken in the state of West Bengal . It is based in the Tollygunge region of Kolkata , West Bengal , India . The origins of
7900-463: The shores of the Caspian Sea . Although the film lacks a clear storyline, Geoff Andrew argues that the film is "more than just pretty pictures". He adds, "Assembled in order, they comprise a kind of abstract or emotional narrative arc, which moves evocatively from separation and solitude to community, from motion to rest, near-silence to sound and song, light to darkness and back to light again, ending on
8000-549: The socio-political landscape of Iran. The images are seen through the eyes of one woman as she drives through the streets of Tehran over a period of several days. Her journey is composed of ten conversations with various passengers, which include her sister, a hitchhiking prostitute, and a jilted bride and her demanding young son. This style of filmmaking was praised by a number of critics. A. O. Scott in The New York Times wrote that Kiarostami, "in addition to being perhaps
8100-535: The stage productions of a number of popular shows at the Star Theatre , Minerva Theatre , Classic Theatre . Following a long gap after Sen's works, Dhirendra Nath Ganguly (known as D.G.) established the Indo British Film Co , the first Bengali-owned production company, in 1918. However, the first Bengali feature film, Billwamangal , was produced in 1919, under the banner of Madan Theatre . Bilat Ferat
8200-407: The story of Qassem Julayi, a troubled and troublesome boy from a small Iranian city. Intent on attending a football match in far-off Tehran, he scams his friends and neighbors to raise money, and journeys to the stadium in time for the game, only to meet with an ironic twist of fate. In addressing the boy's determination to reach his goal, alongside his indifference to the effects of his amoral actions,
8300-420: The superstars of this era. Actresses such as Subhashree Ganguly , Mimi Chakraborty , Madhumita Sarcar , Ishaa Saha , Susmita Chatterjee , Koushani Mukherjee , Ritabhari Chakraborty , Idhika Paul , Sohini Sarkar , Rukmini Maitra , Jaya Ahsan , Ananya Chatterjee , Sauraseni Maitra and Tuhina Das have been active. Popular for adventures role as Nusrat Jahan and koyel Mallick In modern days. In
8400-465: The timespan within his films. Akrami thinks that this reduces filmmaking from a collective endeavor to a purer, more basic form of artistic expression. Kiarostami's films contain a notable degree of ambiguity, an unusual mixture of simplicity and complexity, and often a mix of fictional and documentary elements ( docufiction ). Kiarostami has stated, "We can never get close to the truth except through lying." The boundary between fiction and non-fiction
8500-412: The world. Bengali filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak began reaching a global audience long after his death; beginning in the 1990s, a project to restore Ghatak's films was undertaken, and international exhibitions (and subsequent DVD releases) have belatedly generated an increasingly global audience. Some of his films have strong similarities to later famous international films, such as Ajantrik (1958) resembled
8600-530: The zig-zagging patterns in the landscape and the geometry of forces of life and the world. A flashback of the zigzag path in Life and Nothing More... (1992) in turn triggers the spectator's memory of the previous film, Where Is the Friend's Home? from 1987, shot before the earthquake. This symbolically links to the post-earthquake reconstruction in Through the Olive Trees in 1994. In 1995, Miramax Films released Through
8700-408: Was also ranked one of the 50 greatest movies of all time in the famous decennial Sight & Sound poll conducted in 2012. Kiarostami had worked extensively as a screenwriter , film editor, art director , and producer and had designed credit titles and publicity material. He was also a poet, photographer, painter, illustrator, and graphic designer . He was part of a generation of filmmakers in
8800-400: Was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, photographer, and film producer. An active filmmaker from 1970, Kiarostami had been involved in the production of over forty films, including shorts and documentaries. Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker trilogy (1987–1994), Close-Up (1990), The Wind Will Carry Us (1999), and Taste of Cherry (1997), which
8900-832: Was announced as the president of the Cinéfondation and short film sections of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival . Other representatives include the Venice Film Festival in 1985, the Locarno International Film Festival in 1990, the San Sebastian International Film Festival in 1996, the São Paulo International Film Festival in 2004, the Capalbio Cinema Festival in 2007 (in which he was president of
9000-772: Was awarded Best Human Document at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival , Bengali films frequently appeared in international fora and film festivals for the next several decades. This allowed Bengali filmmakers to reach a global audience. The most influential among them was Satyajit Ray, whose films became successful among European, American and Asian audiences. His work subsequently had a worldwide impact, with filmmakers such as Martin Scorsese , James Ivory , Abbas Kiarostami , Elia Kazan , François Truffaut , Carlos Saura , Isao Takahata , Wes Anderson and Danny Boyle being influenced by his cinematic style, and many others such as Akira Kurosawa praising his work. The "youthful coming-of-age dramas that have flooded art houses since
9100-463: Was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival that year . In later works, Certified Copy (2010) and Like Someone in Love (2012), he filmed for the first time outside Iran: in Italy and Japan, respectively. His films Where Is the Friend's Home? (1987), Close-Up , and The Wind Will Carry Us were ranked among the 100 best foreign films in a 2018 critics' poll by BBC Culture. Close-Up
9200-573: Was based in Tollygunge , an area of South Kolkata, West Bengal that is more elite and artistically inclined than the usual musical cinema fare in India. Kanan Devi was an early female star of Bengali film, alongside Chandrabati Devi , Molina Devi and Chhaya Devi . The most popular Bengali male actors were Sisir Bhaduri , Chhabi Biswas , Ahindra Choudhury , Dhiraj Bhattacharya and Pahari Sanyal . Popular filmmakers include Nitin Bose , Premankur Atorthy and Premendra Mitra . Bengali cinema enjoyed
9300-517: Was based rhymed with "Hollywood", and because Tollygunge was the centre of the cinema of India as a whole at the time much like Hollywood was in the cinema of the United States . In that same March 1932 article, Deming was also considering the name "Hollygunge" but decided to go with "Tollywood" as the nickname for the Tollygunge area due to "Tolly being a proper name and Gunge meaning locality" in
9400-481: Was my first experience in cinema and I must say a very difficult one. I had to work with a very young child, a dog, and an unprofessional crew except for the cinematographer, who was nagging and complaining all the time. Well, the cinematographer, in a sense, was right because I did not follow the conventions of film making that he had become accustomed to. Following The Experience (1973), Kiarostami released The Traveler ( Mossafer ) in 1974. The Traveler tells
9500-465: Was not until his release of Where Is the Friend's Home? (1987) that he began to gain recognition outside Iran. These films created the basis of his later productions. The film tells a simple account of a conscientious eight-year-old schoolboy's quest to return his friend's notebook in a neighboring village lest his friend be expelled from school. The traditional beliefs of Iranian rural people are portrayed. The film has been noted for its poetic use of
9600-514: Was painting, which he continued into his late teens, winning a painting competition at the age of 18 shortly before he left home to study at the University of Tehran School of Fine Arts. He majored in painting and graphic design and supported his studies by working as a traffic policeman. As a painter, designer, and illustrator, Kiarostami worked in advertising in the 1960s, designing posters and creating commercials. Between 1962 and 1966, he shot around 150 advertisements for Iranian television. In
9700-491: Was released across Europe. In 1992, Kiarostami directed Life, and Nothing More... , regarded by critics as the second film of the Koker trilogy . The film follows a father and his young son as they drive from Tehran to Koker in search of two young boys who they fear might have perished in the 1990 earthquake. As the father and son travel through the devastated landscape, they meet earthquake survivors forced to carry on with their lives amid disaster. That year Kiarostami won
9800-527: Was released posthumously in 2017. An experimental film based on 24 of Kiarostami's still photographs, 24 Frames enjoyed a highly positive critical reception, with a Rotten Tomatoes score of 92%. Kiarostami was a jury member at numerous film festivals, most notably the Cannes Film Festival in 1993 , 2002 and 2005 . He was also the president of the Caméra d'Or Jury in Cannes Film Festival 2005. He
9900-531: Was the IBFC's first production in 1921. The Madan Theatre production of Jamai Shashthi was the first Bengali talkie . A long history has been traversed since then, with stalwarts such as Satyajit Ray , Mrinal Sen , Ritwik Ghatak , Tapan Sinha , Ajoy Kar and others earning international acclaim and securing their place in the movie history. Hiralal Sen , India is credited as one of Bengal's, and India's first directors. These were all silent films . Hiralal Sen
10000-556: Was the twelve-minute The Bread and Alley (1970), a neo-realistic short film about a schoolboy's confrontation with an aggressive dog. Breaktime followed in 1972. The department became one of Iran's most noted film studios, producing not only Kiarostami's films but acclaimed Persian films such as The Runner and Bashu, the Little Stranger . In the 1970s, Kiarostami pursued an individualistic style of film making. When discussing his first film, he stated: Bread and Alley
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