115-575: The Anglo-Italian Cup ( Italian : Coppa Anglo-Italiana , also known as the Anglo-Italian Inter-League Clubs Competition and from 1976 to 1986 as the Alitalia Challenge Cup , Talbot Challenge Cup or Gigi Peronace Memorial ) was a European football competition. The competition was played intermittently between 1970 and 1996 between clubs from England and Italy . It was founded by Gigi Peronace , following
230-663: A final against Sutton United, who were the last English team to reach the final of the semi-professional tournament. From 1983 to 1986, the finals were all-Italian contests, and after the 1986 instalment the tournament was discontinued. The competition was re-established in 1992–93 as a replacement for the Full Members Cup . It was a professional tournament for teams competing in the second tier of football—the newly renamed First Division in England and Serie B in Italy. The new version of
345-550: A huge number of civil servants and soldiers recruited from all over the country introduced many more words and idioms from their home languages— ciao is derived from the Venetian word s-cia[v]o ("slave", that is "your servant"), panettone comes from the Lombard word panetton , etc. Only 2.5% of Italy's population could speak the Italian standardized language properly when
460-464: A little over one million people in the United States speak Italian at home. Nevertheless, an Italian language media market does exist in the country. In Canada, Italian is the second most spoken non-official language when varieties of Chinese are not grouped together, with 375,645 claiming Italian as their mother tongue in 2016. Italian immigrants to South America have also brought a presence of
575-657: A local vernacular. These dialects, as they are commonly referred to, evolved from Vulgar Latin over the course of centuries, unaffected by formal standards and teachings. They are not in any sense "dialects" of standard Italian, which itself started off as one of these local tongues, but sister languages of Italian. Mutual intelligibility with Italian varies widely, as it does with Romance languages in general. The Romance languages of Italy can differ greatly from Italian at all levels ( phonology , morphology , syntax , lexicon , pragmatics ) and are classified typologically as distinct languages. The standard Italian language has
690-466: A place in the National League, but lost 3–1 to Wealdstone on 1 May 2019, and lost the play offs again the following year against Dorking Wanderers. Average attendances rose, from 612 in 2016–17 to 1,142 in the 2018–19 season. However, Bath were poor in both the 2020–21 , and 2021–22 seasons, finishing 18th twice. They improved the following year, finishing 11th and lifting The Somerset Cup for
805-645: A poetic and literary origin in the works of Tuscan writers of the 12th century, and, although the grammar and core lexicon are basically unchanged from those used in Florence in the 13th century, the modern standard of the language was largely shaped by relatively recent events. However, Romance vernacular as language spoken in the Italian Peninsula has a longer history. In fact, the earliest surviving texts that can definitely be called vernacular (as distinct from its predecessor Vulgar Latin) are legal formulae known as
920-404: A poor season in 2011–12 and were relegated. A year later, Britton subsequently stepped down as first team coach. He was replaced by Australian manager, Lee Howells . "The Big Bath City Bid" was launched by Ken Loach in the summer of 2015 , receiving support from former Manchester United player , Eric Cantona . On 5 May 2017 , the club completed its transition to community ownership. On
1035-563: A possible ground share at the Rec, though fans were opposed to the move the plans never materialised. Bath City released plans to redevelop the ground in 2017 but in March 2020 the plans were rejected. Bath City were well supported in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. With gates averaging four to six thousand, and reaching the late ten thousands. However, by the 1970s, attendances had declined to around one thousand two hundred. Gates plummeted further to just
1150-401: A record 25th time in spring of 2023. Bath City's initial crest was heavily based on the official coat of arms of the city. The old badge depicted the city's medieval borough wall, the ancient Roman springs , and the sword of Saint Paul . That crest remained until 1975, when it was simplified heavily; all that remained were four vertical black stripes against a white background surrounding
1265-417: A renewed interest in linguistics in the 16th century, sparked a debate that raged throughout Italy concerning the criteria that should govern the establishment of a modern Italian literary and spoken language. This discussion, known as questione della lingua (i.e., the problem of the language ), ran through the Italian culture until the end of the 19th century, often linked to the political debate on achieving
SECTION 10
#17328513301421380-558: A result. Starting in late medieval times in much of Europe and the Mediterranean, Latin was replaced as the primary commercial language by languages of Italy, especially Tuscan and Venetian. These varieties were consolidated during the Renaissance with the strength of Italy and the rise of humanism and the arts . Italy came to enjoy increasing artistic prestige within Europe. A mark of
1495-536: A seven-vowel system, consisting of /a, ɛ, e, i, ɔ, o, u/ , as well as 23 consonants. Compared with most other Romance languages, Italian phonology is conservative, preserving many words nearly unchanged from Vulgar Latin . Some examples: Bath City F.C. Bath City Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Bath, Somerset , England. The club is affiliated to the Somerset FA and currently competes in
1610-474: A single language is that they have evolved so that they are no longer mutually intelligible ; this diagnostic is effective if mutual intelligibility is minimal or absent (e.g. in Romance, Romanian and Portuguese), but it fails in cases such as Spanish-Portuguese or Spanish-Italian, as educated native speakers of either pairing can understand each other well if they choose to do so; however, the level of intelligibility
1725-896: A single player in a season was Paul Randall, scoring 51 goals in the 1989–90 season. The highest transfer fee received by the club is £80,000 for Jason Dodd , paid by Southampton in 1989. The highest fee paid by Bath is £16,000 for Micky Tanner signed from Bristol City in 1988. The club's record attendance is 18,020 against Brighton & Hove Albion in the third round of the FA Cup . Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: [REDACTED] Caroline White [REDACTED] Gareth Cooper [REDACTED] Jane Jones [REDACTED] John Reynolds Source: List showing
1840-570: A tribute to the Somerset's famous cider brewing industry. In 2017, Bath and Alpine Italian side Calcio Lecco fans celebrated the 40th anniversary of the 1977 Anglo-Italian Cup final, with a supporters match held in Lecco's Stadio Rigamonti-Ceppi ground. Bath City have held no fierce rivalries with other clubs over the years, though the club's most contested fixture is shared with fellow Somerset side, Yeovil Town , who they have played 274 times. Since
1955-504: A united Italian state. Renaissance scholars divided into three main factions: A fourth faction claimed that the best Italian was the one that the papal court adopted, which was a mixture of the Tuscan and Roman dialects. Eventually, Bembo's ideas prevailed, and the foundation of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence (1582–1583), the official legislative body of the Italian language, led to
2070-464: A win, one point for a draw, and a point for each goal scored. The final was contested between the best team from each country, and Swindon played Napoli at the Stadio San Paolo on 28 May 1970. Swindon were 3–0 up after 63 minutes, when violence started to break out. The match was halted and then abandoned after 79 minutes, with Swindon being declared as the first winners of the tournament. In 1971,
2185-613: A wooden plinth . From 1967, a place in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was awarded to the Football League Cup winners, but that season's winners, Queens Park Rangers , could not take up their place because UEFA did not at that time allow third-tier teams to compete in the Fairs Cup. When the same situation arose two years later with Swindon Town , a two-legged match against that year's Coppa Italia winners, A.S. Roma ,
2300-427: Is 89% with French, 87% with Catalan , 85% with Sardinian , 82% with Spanish, 80% with Portuguese , 78% with Ladin , 77% with Romanian . Estimates may differ according to sources. One study, analyzing the degree of differentiation of Romance languages in comparison to Latin (comparing phonology , inflection , discourse , syntax , vocabulary , and intonation ), estimated that distance between Italian and Latin
2415-668: Is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire . Italian is the least divergent language from Latin , together with Sardinian (meaning that Italian and Sardinian are the most conservative Romance languages). Spoken by about 85 million people, including 67 million native speakers (2024), Italian is an official language in Italy , San Marino , Switzerland ( Ticino and
SECTION 20
#17328513301422530-729: Is also spoken by a minority in Monaco and France, especially in the southeastern part of the country. Italian was the official language in Savoy and in Nice until 1860, when they were both annexed by France under the Treaty of Turin , a development that triggered the " Niçard exodus ", or the emigration of a quarter of the Niçard Italians to Italy, and the Niçard Vespers . Giuseppe Garibaldi complained about
2645-528: Is higher than that between Sardinian and Latin. In particular, its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian . As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive. Italian is the official language of Italy and San Marino and is spoken fluently by the majority of the countries' populations. Italian is the third most spoken language in Switzerland (after German and French; see Swiss Italian ), although its use there has moderately declined since
2760-455: Is markedly lower between Italian-Spanish, and considerably higher between the Iberian sister languages of Portuguese-Spanish. Speakers of this latter pair can communicate with one another with remarkable ease, each speaking to the other in his own native language without slang/jargon. Nevertheless, on the basis of accumulated differences in morphology, syntax, phonology, and to some extent lexicon, it
2875-498: Is neither a co-official nor a protected language in these countries. Some speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both Italian (either in its standard form or regional varieties ) and a local language of Italy , most frequently the language spoken at home in their place of origin. Italian is a major language in Europe, being one of the official languages of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and one of
2990-410: Is not difficult to identify that for the Romance varieties of Italy, the first extant written evidence of languages that can no longer be considered Latin comes from the ninth and tenth centuries C.E. These written sources demonstrate certain vernacular characteristics and sometimes explicitly mention the use of the vernacular in Italy. Full literary manifestations of the vernacular began to surface around
3105-626: Is the main working language of the Holy See , serving as the lingua franca (common language) in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta . Italian has a significant use in musical terminology and opera with numerous Italian words referring to music that have become international terms taken into various languages worldwide. Almost all native Italian words end with vowels , and
3220-538: Is used, and the town of Chipilo near Puebla, Mexico; each continues to use a derived form of Venetian dating back to the 19th century. Other examples are Cocoliche , an Italian–Spanish pidgin once spoken in Argentina and especially in Buenos Aires , and Lunfardo . The Rioplatense Spanish dialect of Argentina and Uruguay today has thus been heavily influenced by both standard Italian and Italian regional languages as
3335-501: The Il Globo (Australia) and the La gazzetta del Sud Africa (South Africa). Italian is widely taught in many schools around the world, but rarely as the first foreign language. In the 21st century, technology also allows for the continual spread of the Italian language, as people have new ways to learn how to speak, read, and write languages at their own pace and at any given time. For example,
3450-936: The La Voce del Popolo ( Croatia ), the Corriere d'Italia (Germany), the L'italoeuropeo (United Kingdom), the Passaparola ( Luxembourg ), the America Oggi (United States), the Corriere Canadese and the Corriere Italiano (Canada), the Il punto d'incontro (Mexico), the L'Italia del Popolo ( Argentina ), the Fanfulla (Brazil), the Gente d'Italia ( Uruguay ), the La Voce d'Italia ( Venezuela ),
3565-479: The 1984–85 season , their highest ever league position. Bath City hold no real fierce rivalries , albeit the fixtures with the most animosity are the local derbies shared with fellow Somerset club Yeovil Town , and more recently with Wiltshire club, Chippenham Town . The club's nickname stems from Bath's ancient Roman history. The first recorded attire the club wore were blue shorts and white shirts in 1900, though Bath City changed to black and white stripes in
Anglo-Italian Cup - Misplaced Pages Continue
3680-512: The Football League North . Bath have reached the third round of the FA Cup six times, beating league sides such as; Crystal Palace ( in 1931 ), Millwall ( in 1959 ), and Cardiff City ( in 1992 ). Bath were crowned Southern League champions in 1960 and 1978 ; one of the highest levels of non-League football at the time. From 1980 to 1997, the team spent sixteen years in what is now The National League , with Bath finishing fourth in
3795-672: The Gallo-Italic linguistic panorama of Northern Italy , the Italo-Dalmatian , Neapolitan and its related dialects were largely unaffected by the Franco- Occitan influences introduced to Italy mainly by bards from France during the Middle Ages, but after the Norman conquest of southern Italy , Sicily became the first Italian land to adopt Occitan lyric moods (and words) in poetry. Even in
3910-816: The Grisons ), Corsica , and Vatican City . It has official minority status in Croatia , Slovenian Istria , and the municipalities of Santa Tereza and Encantado in Brazil . Italian is also spoken by large immigrant and expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia . Italian is included under the languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Romania , although Italian
4025-649: The Kingdom of Italy in the Dodecanese ). Italian is widely spoken in Malta , where nearly two-thirds of the population can speak it fluently (see Maltese Italian ). Italian served as Malta's official language until 1934, when it was abolished by the British colonial administration amid strong local opposition. Italian language in Slovenia is an officially recognized minority language in
4140-763: The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia ), although the masses kept speaking primarily their local vernaculars. Italian was also one of the many recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Italy has always had a distinctive dialect for each city because the cities, until recently, were thought of as city-states . Those dialects now have considerable variety . As Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian . The most characteristic differences, for instance, between Roman Italian and Milanese Italian are syntactic gemination of initial consonants in some contexts and
4255-583: The National League South , the sixth tier of English football . Nicknamed the "Romans", the club was founded in 1889 and have played their home matches at Twerton Park since 1932. The club has never played in the Football League , though Bath were heavily discussed as an entrant in the 1930s and 1940s, and came closest via election in 1978 and 1985. During the Second World War , the club won
4370-575: The North Parade Ground in Bathwick . Bath competed in their first ever recorded match on 10 October 1889 , in which they lost 9–4 to Trowbridge Town . By 1891 , Bath were struggling heavily financially. As a consequence, the club amalgamated with the local rugby club; Bath Football Club . For an entire nine years the team ceased play. Until, on 11 September 1900 , Bath AFC was re-formed, led by cricketer William Hyman . Bath City FC, by name,
4485-539: The Placiti Cassinesi from the province of Benevento that date from 960 to 963, although the Veronese Riddle , probably from the 8th or early 9th century, contains a late form of Vulgar Latin that can be seen as a very early sample of a vernacular dialect of Italy. The Commodilla catacomb inscription is also a similar case. The Italian language has progressed through a long and slow process, which started after
4600-514: The Western Roman Empire's fall in the 5th century. The language that came to be thought of as Italian developed in central Tuscany and was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri , written in his native Florentine . Dante's epic poems, known collectively as the Commedia , to which another Tuscan poet Giovanni Boccaccio later affixed
4715-519: The 111 Italian lecturer sections belonging to foreign schools where Italian is taught as a language of culture. As of 2022, Australia had the highest number of students learning Italian in the world. This occurred because of support by the Italian community in Australia and the Italian Government and also because of successful educational reform efforts led by local governments in Australia. From
Anglo-Italian Cup - Misplaced Pages Continue
4830-506: The 13th century in the form of various religious texts and poetry. Although these are the first written records of Italian varieties separate from Latin, the spoken language had probably diverged long before the first written records appeared since those who were literate generally wrote in Latin even if they spoke other Romance varieties in person. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the use of Standard Italian became increasingly widespread and
4945-533: The 1970s tournament had just competed in the previous Serie A season. The Italian clubs were often mid-table or higher finishers who had sometimes also qualified for the European competitions. When the competition was revived in the 1990s, for the first two seasons all English sides playing in the First Division (2nd level) participated, but in the last two tournaments only 8 English teams played. In 1994/95, two of
5060-549: The 1970s. It is official both on the national level and on regional level in two cantons : Ticino and Grisons . In the latter canton, however, it is only spoken by a small minority, in the Italian Grisons . Ticino, which includes Lugano , the largest Italian-speaking city outside Italy, is the only canton where Italian is predominant. Italian is also used in administration and official documents in Vatican City . Italian
5175-585: The Belvoir Castle Ground in 1900. In 1908, there was talk of Bath Rugby sharing the ground, though it never materialised. Two years later, the ground was purchased by the Midland Railway Company by Mr Stothert and Pitt and it was later stated that the ground would be "absolutely unsuitable for football" in a few years time, with the Railway company planning to build a train track on the very land
5290-536: The FA Cup during the 1993–94 season, losing 4–1 to Stoke City at Twerton Park in the third round in front of 7,000 fans. Following decades of playing in the top division of non-League football, Bath were relegated from the Conference in 1997. In 2004, the club lost in the FA Cup second round to Peterborough United . John Relish was appointed manager on 22 June 2005. The subsequent year, they were promoted, winning
5405-515: The Football League at the time. In 1921, manager Charles Pinker left the club after a successful twelve-year period. He was replaced by former Swindon Town player, Billy Tout who retained this role until 1925. The following year Bath City were on the brink of extinction. However, on 21 August 1926, there was a large meeting with the club's supporters and officials, and the club was "saved". The following season, under newly appointed Ted Davis,
5520-406: The Football League by three votes in 1978. As a result, the club became founding members of the Alliance Premier League , and played nation-wide football for the first time. Albeit, the attendances from 1984 to 1989 were some of the worst in Bath City's history, with seasonal gates averaging between just 500 and 600. In 1991 Tony Ricketts was appointed manager. They reached the third round of
5635-417: The Italian dialects has declined in the modern era , as Italy unified under Standard Italian and continues to do so aided by mass media from newspapers to radio to television, diglossia is still frequently encountered in Italy and triglossia is not uncommon in emigrant communities among older speakers. Both situations normally involve some degree of code-switching and code-mixing . Notes: Italian has
5750-439: The Italian language into a lingua franca used not only among clerks, nobility, and functionaries in the Italian courts but also by the bourgeoisie . Italian literature's first modern novel, I promessi sposi ( The Betrothed ) by Alessandro Manzoni , further defined the standard by "rinsing" his Milanese "in the waters of the Arno " ( Florence 's river), as he states in the preface to his 1840 edition. After unification,
5865-497: The Mediterranean. The increasing political and cultural relevance of Florence during the periods of the rise of the Medici Bank , humanism , and the Renaissance made its dialect, or rather a refined version of it, a standard in the arts. The Renaissance era, known as il Rinascimento in Italian, was seen as a time of rebirth, which is the literal meaning of both renaissance (from French) and rinascimento (Italian). During this time, long-existing beliefs stemming from
SECTION 50
#17328513301425980-415: The Southern League in 2006–07 , finishing on 91 points. Under new manager Addie Britton, Bath beat League Two side Grimsby Town in the FA Cup first round in in 2009 , only to lose to Forest Green Rovers in the second round. On 9 May 2010 Bath City beat Woking 1–0 in the play-off final, and returned to the Conference. Bath finished tenth in the 2010–11 Football Conference . However, they had
6095-473: The Southern League in the 1959–60 season, at Huish Park. In the same season, Bath played Brighton & Hove Albion at Twerton Park in the FA Cup third round, in front of a record crowd of 18,020, but lost 1–0. Two years after Hewison's departure, in spring of 1963, Malcolm Allison was appointed manager. That season Bath finished third, and reached the FA Cup third round. Soon after however, under Welsh manager Ivor Powell , Bath City were relegated for
6210-444: The case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are careful not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages. The economic might and relatively advanced development of Tuscany at the time ( Late Middle Ages ) gave its language weight, although Venetian remained widespread in medieval Italian commercial life, and Ligurian (or Genoese) remained in use in maritime trade alongside
6325-528: The club were, once again, in talks for entry into the Third Division. However, the FA refused Football League entry to non-League clubs. Davis left Bath in 1947 , and was replaced by Vic Woodley , though he left in 1950 after four mid-lower placed finishes, and was replaced by Eddie Hapgood . Bob Hewison , appointed in 1958, arguably built the strongest side in the club's history, signing players such as Alan Skirton , Stan Mortensen and Tony Book , captained by Charlie Fleming . The team went on to win
6440-495: The club's history, with notable home gates including; 17,000 in 1944 vs Aston Villa, 14,000 vs Southend United in the 1952–53 season and 11,700 against Yeovil Town in 1957. Between 1986 and 1996, Bath City shared Twerton Park with Bristol Rovers. In 1990 the grandstand was heavily damaged by Bristol City hooligans . The ground currently has a reduced ground capacity of 4,070 from 8,840 because of safety regulations. On 21 August 2008, Bath City held talks with Bath Rugby over
6555-404: The clubs relegated from the Premiership were joined by six teams that had just missed out on promotion. For 1995/96, only one relegated Premiership team competed – most of the remaining teams had finished in mid-table or lower table in the previous First Division campaign, and Birmingham City had just been promoted from Division Two . The Italian participants in the revived 1990s tournament were
6670-455: The colonial period. In the early 19th century, Eritrea was the country with the highest number of Italians abroad, and the Italian Eritreans grew from 4,000 during World War I to nearly 100,000 at the beginning of World War II. In Asmara there are two Italian schools, the Italian School of Asmara (Italian primary school with a Montessori department) and the Liceo Sperimentale "G. Marconi" (Italian international senior high school). Italian
6785-405: The country (some 0.42% of the total population). Their numbers dropped dramatically after World War II following the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus , which caused the emigration of between 230,000 and 350,000 Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians. Italian was the official language of the Republic of Ragusa from 1492 to 1807. It formerly had official status in Albania due to the annexation of
6900-408: The country to the Kingdom of Italy (1939–1943). Albania has a large population of non-native speakers, with over half of the population having some knowledge of the Italian language. The Albanian government has pushed to make Italian a compulsory second language in schools. The Italian language is well-known and studied in Albania, due to its historical ties and geographical proximity to Italy and to
7015-446: The country. A few hundred Italian settlers returned to Libya in the 2000s. Italian was the official language of Eritrea during Italian colonisation . Italian is today used in commerce, and it is still spoken especially among elders; besides that, Italian words are incorporated as loan words in the main language spoken in the country (Tigrinya). The capital city of Eritrea, Asmara , still has several Italian schools, established during
SECTION 60
#17328513301427130-415: The country. The official census, carried out in 2002, reported 2,258 ethnic Italians ( Istrian Italians ) in Slovenia (0.11% of the total population). Italian language in Croatia is an official minority language in the country, with many schools and public announcements published in both languages. The 2001 census in Croatia reported 19,636 ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians ) in
7245-464: The design and fashion industries, in some sports such as football and especially in culinary terms. In Italy, almost all the other languages spoken as the vernacular —other than standard Italian and some languages spoken among immigrant communities—are often called " Italian dialects ", a label that can be very misleading if it is understood to mean "dialects of Italian". The Romance dialects of Italy are local evolutions of spoken Latin that pre-date
7360-420: The diffusion of Italian television in the country. Due to heavy Italian influence during the Italian colonial period , Italian is still understood by some in former colonies such as Libya. Although it was the primary language in Libya since colonial rule , Italian greatly declined under the rule of Muammar Gaddafi , who expelled the Italian Libyan population and made Arabic the sole official language of
7475-400: The early 20th Century and the colours have remained since. The club's crest depicts the Borough walls , which in-circled the old city center during medieval times. Twerton Park once held up to 20,000 fans, with the club's record attendance of 18,020 being recorded in 1960. On 19 July 1889 Bath City were formed as Bath AFC at the Christopher hotel in the city centre. The team commenced play at
7590-420: The educated gentlemen was to make the Grand Tour , visiting Italy to see its great historical monuments and works of art. It was expected that the visitor would learn at least some Italian, understood as language based on Florentine. In England, while the classical languages Latin and Greek were the first to be learned, Italian became the second most common modern language after French, a position it held until
7705-409: The establishment of Italian, and as such are sister languages to the Tuscan that was the historical source of Italian. They can be quite different from Italian and from each other, with some belonging to different linguistic branches of Romance. The only exceptions to this are twelve groups considered " historical language minorities ", which are officially recognized as distinct minority languages by
7820-433: The fact that it was linguistically an intermediate between the northern and the southern Italian dialects. Thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the official language of Italy. Italian was progressively made an official language of most of the Italian states predating unification, slowly replacing Latin, even when ruled by foreign powers (such as Spain in the Kingdom of Naples , or Austria in
7935-491: The field, they were poor again in both the 2014–15 and 2015–16 season, finishing fourteenth on 53 points. What little success the club had during this period was in the 2014–15 season, reaching the semi-final of the FA Trophy. On 5 October 2017, former player, Jerry Gill , was appointed first team manager. The first season under Gill saw the club finish in ninth. They improved the next season, finishing fifth, on 71 points, subsequently, they entered play offs to compete for
8050-457: The first time ever in their history. From 1964 to 1974 Bath City became a yo-yo club , being relegated from, and promoted back to the Premier Division on six occasions. Two years into Brian Godfrey's reign, in the 1977–78 season , the team won the Southern League title for a second time, in front of "hoards of travelling fans." Under Godfrey, the club made it to two Anglo-Italian Cup finals In 1977 and 1978; They fell short of election to
8165-619: The four teams that had just been relegated from Serie A and the four teams that had finished highest but not been promoted in Serie B . The exception to this was Verona, who were relegated in 1991/92, but did not play in the 1992/93 cup. Won tournament; runner-up; lost in semi-final (English or Italian final); lost in quarter-final (English or Italian semi-final); eliminated in group stage; eliminated in preliminary qualifying. Italian language Italian ( italiano , pronounced [itaˈljaːno] , or lingua italiana , pronounced [ˈliŋɡwa itaˈljaːna] )
8280-468: The free website and application Duolingo has 4.94 million English speakers learning the Italian language. According to the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs , every year there are more than 200,000 foreign students who study the Italian language; they are distributed among the 90 Institutes of Italian Culture that are located around the world, in the 179 Italian schools located abroad, or in
8395-419: The grandstand. Twerton Park became the club's home ground in 1932 and three years later, roofing was added to The Popular Side . In 1946, Twerton Park was described as "rivaling any stadium in the west of England." A record attendance of 18,020 was recorded in 1960 , versus Brighton & Hove Albion in the third round of the FA Cup . Attendances during the 1940s and 1950s were the highest recorded in
8510-483: The island of Corsica (but not in the neighbouring Sardinia , which on the contrary underwent Italianization well into the late 18th century, under Savoyard sway: the island's linguistic composition, roofed by the prestige of Spanish among the Sardinians , would therein make for a rather slow process of assimilation to the Italian cultural sphere ). The rediscovery of Dante's De vulgari eloquentia , as well as
8625-563: The language has a 7-vowel sound system ('e' and 'o' have mid-low and mid-high sounds). Italian has contrast between short and long consonants and gemination (doubling) of consonants. During the Middle Ages , the established written language in Europe was Latin, although the great majority of people were illiterate, and only few were well versed in the language. In the Italian Peninsula , as in most of Europe, most would instead speak
8740-631: The language to that continent. According to some sources, Italian is the second most spoken language in Argentina after the official language of Spanish, although its number of speakers, mainly of the older generation, is decreasing. Italian bilingual speakers can be found scattered across the Southeast of Brazil as well as in the South. In Venezuela , Italian is the most spoken language after Spanish and Portuguese, with around 200,000 speakers. In Uruguay , people who speak Italian as their home language are 1.1% of
8855-491: The late 18th century when it tended to be replaced by German. John Milton , for instance, wrote some of his early poetry in Italian. Within the Catholic Church , Italian is known by a large part of the ecclesiastical hierarchy and is used in substitution for Latin in some official documents. Italian loanwords continue to be used in most languages in matters of art and music (especially classical music including opera), in
8970-525: The late 19th to the mid-20th century, millions of Italians settled in Argentina, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and Venezuela, as well as in Canada and the United States, where they formed a physical and cultural presence. In some cases, colonies were established where variants of regional languages of Italy were used, and some continue to use this regional language. Examples are Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil, where Talian
9085-563: The law. On the other hand, Corsican (a language spoken on the French island of Corsica ) is closely related to medieval Tuscan , from which Standard Italian derives and evolved. The differences in the evolution of Latin in the different regions of Italy can be attributed to the natural changes that all languages in regular use are subject to, and to some extent to the presence of three other types of languages: substrata, superstrata, and adstrata . The most prevalent were substrata (the language of
9200-550: The mid hundreds in the 1980s and 1990s, and mid 2010s. As a result, in 2015, a development programme aiming to boost gates to over one thousand was formed, and worked successfully in the later half of the 2010s and early 2020s. The Popular Side opposite the Grandstand is home to the club's most vocal support. With the core group of singers standing at each end the team are attacking toward, raising large flags. Supporters are known for singing "Drink Up Thy Cider" by The Wurzels ,
9315-500: The mid-2000s, Bath have shared a local derby with Wiltshire club, Chippenham Town . Bath City's highest ever league finish was fourth in the Alliance Premier League, the fifth level of English football, in the 1984–85 season. The record appearance maker is Dave Mogg, who made 515 appearances in all competitions. Charlie Fleming is the club's all-time top goal scorer, with 216 goals. The highest number of goals scored by
9430-412: The nation was unified in 1861. Italian is a Romance language , a descendant of Vulgar Latin (colloquial spoken Latin). Standard Italian is based on Tuscan , especially its Florentine dialect , and is, therefore, an Italo-Dalmatian language , a classification that includes most other central and southern Italian languages and the extinct Dalmatian . According to Ethnologue , lexical similarity
9545-408: The number of printing presses in Italy grew rapidly and by the year 1500 reached a total of 56, the biggest number of printing presses in all of Europe. This enabled the production of more pieces of literature at a lower cost and Italian, as the dominant language, spread. Italian became the language used in the courts of every state in the Italian Peninsula , as well as the prestige variety used on
9660-630: The openness of vowels, the length of the consonants, and influence of the local language (for example, in informal situations andà , annà and nare replace the standard Italian andare in the area of Tuscany, Rome and Venice respectively for the infinitive "to go"). There is no definitive date when the various Italian variants of Latin—including varieties that contributed to modern Standard Italian—began to be distinct enough from Latin to be considered separate languages. One criterion for determining that two language variants are to be considered separate languages rather than variants of
9775-584: The original inhabitants), as the Italian dialects were most probably simply Latin as spoken by native cultural groups. Superstrata and adstrata were both less important. Foreign conquerors of Italy that dominated different regions at different times left behind little to no influence on the dialects. Foreign cultures with which Italy engaged in peaceful relations with, such as trade, had no significant influence either. Throughout Italy, regional varieties of Standard Italian, called Regional Italian , are spoken. Regional differences can be recognized by various factors:
9890-453: The other hand, almost everyone still speaks the Corsican idiom , which, due to its linguistic proximity to the Italian standard language, appears both linguistically as an Italian dialect and therefore as a carrier of Italian culture, despite the French government's decades-long efforts to cut Corsica off from the Italian motherland. Italian was the official language in Monaco until 1860, when it
10005-406: The population of Italy could speak Standard Italian. He reports that in 1951 that percentage had risen to 87%. The ability to speak Italian did not necessarily mean it was in everyday use, and most people (63.5%) still usually spoke their native dialects. In addition, other factors such as mass emigration, industrialization, and urbanization, and internal migrations after World War II , contributed to
10120-518: The proliferation of Standard Italian. The Italians who emigrated during the Italian diaspora beginning in 1861 were often of the uneducated lower class, and thus the emigration had the effect of increasing the percentage of literates, who often knew and understood the importance of Standard Italian, back home in Italy. A large percentage of those who had emigrated also eventually returned to Italy, often more educated than when they had left. Although use of
10235-528: The pronunciation of stressed "e", and of "s" between vowels in many words: e.g. va bene "all right" is pronounced [vabˈbɛːne] by a Roman (and by any standard Italian speaker), [vaˈbeːne] by a Milanese (and by any speaker whose native dialect lies to the north of the La Spezia–Rimini Line ); a casa "at home" is [akˈkaːsa] for Roman, [akˈkaːsa] or [akˈkaːza] for standard, [aˈkaːza] for Milanese and generally northern. In contrast to
10350-415: The publication of Agnolo Monosini 's Latin tome Floris italicae linguae libri novem in 1604 followed by the first Italian dictionary in 1612. An important event that helped the diffusion of Italian was the conquest and occupation of Italy by Napoleon in the early 19th century (who was himself of Italian-Corsican descent). This conquest propelled the unification of Italy some decades after and pushed
10465-529: The referendum that allowed France to annex Savoy and Nice, and a group of his followers (among the Italian Savoyards ) took refuge in Italy in the following years. Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1769 after the Treaty of Versailles . Italian was the official language of Corsica until 1859. Giuseppe Garibaldi called for the inclusion of the " Corsican Italians " within Italy when Rome
10580-474: The second edition of the tournament, Blackpool and Bologna were the two nations' best-ranked teams and contested the final at the Stadio Renato Dall'Ara on 12 June 1971. Prior to the match, tournament organiser Gigi Peronace stressed that it was imperative for an Italian club to win back the trophy. After 90 minutes the score was 1–1 and the match went into extra-time , during which Micky Burns scored
10695-434: The second world war. Raisbeck left the position to a returning Davis in 1940. Upon the outbreak of the Second World War , Bath City were accepted into the temporary Football League North , competing with the likes of Bristol City and Aston Villa . That season Bath competed in their highest attended game to date, playing Aston Villa at Villa Park in front of over 30,000. The team won the league under Davis. In 1944 ,
10810-510: The silhouette of a Roman soldier . It was then changed again in 1999 , as the badge the club uses today. The Roman soldier was removed, the borough wall re-added, and the four stripes enlarged. Bath played their most early matches at the North Parade Ground in Bathwick across from the city centre , ground sharing with Bath Cricket Club . In 1889, it mainly hosted friendlies with Bath AFC and other local teams. Bath City settled in Twerton at
10925-452: The stadium occupied. Mr Hopkins, the club's secretary at the time, found a viable replacement for Belvoir Castle. In 1919, the club to the east side of the city, in Lambridge. In 1921 the club made an application to join the Football League , in case of success, plenty of work had been done to the ground, with Lambridge's Popular Side being banked and new dressing rooms were built alongside
11040-464: The teachings of the Roman Catholic Church began to be understood from new perspectives as humanists —individuals who placed emphasis on the human body and its full potential—began to shift focus from the church to human beings themselves. The continual advancements in technology play a crucial role in the diffusion of languages. After the invention of the printing press in the 15th century,
11155-559: The team finished Southern League runners up. Being praised "the best in the club's history" by the Bath Chronicle , and they were runners up again in 1933. During this period, Bath were heavily being discussed for entry into the Football League Third Division. After over a decade at the club, Davis left Bath for Colchester United in 1937. Former Liverpool player , Alex Raisbeck acted as first team coach leading into
11270-463: The title Divina , were read throughout the peninsula and his written dialect became the "canonical standard" that all educated Italians could understand. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language. In addition to the widespread exposure gained through literature, the Florentine dialect also gained prestige due to the political and cultural significance of Florence at the time and
11385-529: The total population of the country. In Australia, Italian is the second most spoken foreign language after Chinese, with 1.4% of the population speaking it as their home language. The main Italian-language newspapers published outside Italy are the L'Osservatore Romano ( Vatican City ), the L'Informazione di San Marino ( San Marino ), the Corriere del Ticino and the laRegione Ticino ( Switzerland ),
11500-532: The tournament began with preliminary rounds – 24 English teams competed in 8 groups of three teams. Each team played the others once, and the eight group winners progressed to the main competition. The main competition consisted of two groups, each with four English, and four Italian teams. Each team would play four group games – against every team in its group from the other nation. Then, the top team in each group from each nation competed in semi-finals: an all-English semi-final, and an all-Italian semi-final. The final
11615-557: The tournament was called the Talbot Challenge Cup and Modena were the winners. The following year the tournament was renamed the Gigi Peronace Memorial, after the man who organised the tournament, and reduced to four teams. The new format consisted of two Anglo-Italian semi-finals, which meant the final was not necessarily contested by an English and an Italian team. That year, Modena successfully defended their title in
11730-467: The tournament was renamed the Alitalia Challenge Cup. In 1979, each country had four entrants and Sutton United defeated Italian finalists Chieti 2–1 to become the first and only English winners of the competition during its time as a semi-professional competition. Attempting to defend their title the following year, Sutton United reached the final but were defeated by Triestina . In 1981,
11845-411: The two-team Anglo-Italian League Cup in 1969. The initial Anglo-Italian Cup was played as an annual tournament from 1970 to 1973. The first final was abandoned early due to violence, with Swindon Town declared the winners. During its time the tournament had a reputation for violence between fans, and also between players on the pitch. but it returned as a semi-professional tournament from 1976 before it
11960-487: The winning goal for Blackpool. Blackpool qualified for the final again in 1972, but were unsuccessful in their defence of the title, with Roma winning 3–1. In 1973, points were no longer awarded for each goal scored, and Newcastle United went on to win the final 2–1 against Fiorentina at the Stadio Artemio Franchi on 3 June 1973. Due to lack of interest the tournament did not continue, and it
12075-637: The working languages of the Council of Europe . It is the third-most-widely spoken native language in the European Union (13% of the EU population) and it is spoken as a second language by 13.4 million EU citizens (3%). Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries (such as Switzerland, Albania and the United Kingdom ) and on other continents, the total number of speakers is approximately 85 million. Italian
12190-400: Was a single match played at Wembley . In the 1992–93 tournament, Derby County lost the final 3–1 to Cremonese . Brescia won the final in 1994 against Notts County , but Notts County reached the final again in 1995 and defeated Ascoli 2–1. The last instalment of the competition was held in 1995–96, and Genoa triumphed 5–2 over Port Vale in the final on 17 March 1996. The competition
12305-571: Was abandoned in 1996 because the two leagues could not agree on dates for fixtures, For the original professional tournament in the 1970s, the English entrants were either First Division or Second Division sides. (The First Division sides had generally finished the previous season in the lower half of the table, while the Second Division sides were generally mid-table or better.) With the exception of Bari and Como in 1973, all Italian teams playing in
12420-576: Was abolished again in 1986. In 1992, the Anglo-Italian Cup was re-established as a professional cup for second-tier clubs – it replaced the English Full Members Cup . The Italian representatives were Serie B teams. This version of the Cup ran for four seasons, until 1996, before being discontinued due to fixture congestion. The trophy was a 22-inch (56 cm) high gold loving cup mounted on
12535-548: Was also introduced to Somalia through colonialism and was the sole official language of administration and education during the colonial period but fell out of use after government, educational and economic infrastructure were destroyed in the Somali Civil War . Italian is also spoken by large immigrant and expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. Although over 17 million Americans are of Italian descent , only
12650-516: Was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy , but King Victor Emmanuel II did not agree to it. Italian is generally understood in Corsica by the population resident therein who speak Corsican , which is an Italo-Romance idiom similar to Tuscan. Francization occurred in Nice case, and caused a near-disappearance of the Italian language as many of the Italian speakers in these areas migrated to Italy. In Corsica, on
12765-443: Was mirrored by a decline in the use of the dialects. An increase in literacy was one of the main driving factors (one can assume that only literates were capable of learning Standard Italian, whereas those who were illiterate had access only to their native dialect). The percentage of literates rose from 25% in 1861 to 60% in 1911, and then on to 78.1% in 1951. Tullio De Mauro , an Italian linguist, has asserted that in 1861 only 2.5% of
12880-455: Was not until 1976 that it re-emerged as a semi-professional competition. Sources: In March 1976, the Anglo-Italian Cup was re-introduced as a semi-professional tournament, with six entrants from each country. Wimbledon and Monza reached the final, with Monza winning the final 1–0, making them unbeaten for the tournament. For the next two years Bath City were the English finalists but they lost to Lecco in 1977, and Udinese in 1978, when
12995-590: Was officially born. Bath joined a multi-county division for the first time in 1908, competing in the Western League Division Two . Charles Pinker was appointed manager the following year, and that season they moved up to The Western League Division One. Bath City remained in the Western League until 1921 , in which they joined the Southern League , regarded as the strongest division outside
13110-568: Was organised by way of compensation. Following the popularity of that event, dubbed the Anglo-Italian League Cup , and as a way to generate income to pay players' wages during the extended close season caused by the 1970 FIFA World Cup , the first Anglo-Italian Cup was inaugurated in 1970. For the first competition there were six English teams and six Italian teams. These teams were split into three groups consisting of two English and two Italian teams each, with two points being awarded for
13225-630: Was replaced by the French. This was due to the annexation of the surrounding County of Nice to France following the Treaty of Turin (1860) . It formerly had official status in Montenegro (because of the Venetian Albania ), parts of Slovenia and Croatia (because of the Venetian Istria and Venetian Dalmatia ), parts of Greece (because of the Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands and by
#141858