Misplaced Pages

#253746

78-677: Anatolie Popa was born into a poor peasant family in Cotiujenii Mari , in the Soroksky Uyezd of the Bessarabia Governorate . After primary education in his home village and Vadul-Rașcov , he enrolled in the Bălți municipal school. However, as his family was unable to cope with the high fees, he dropped out before graduating. Nevertheless, with the low literacy rate in Bessarabia, at 15 Popa

156-487: A Second Deputy Chairman. Before the Chairman of a newly convoked Rada is elected, parliamentary sessions are presided over by members of a temporary presidium of the first session ( Ukrainian : тимчасова президія першої сесії ). The temporary presidium is composed of five deputies, representing the four largest parliamentary fractions plus the chairman of a preparatory deputy group of the first parliamentary session, however,

234-582: A Special Bessarabian Brigade and in June was integrated into the newly organised 45th Soviet Rifle Division . Under the command of Bessarabian Yona Yakir , the division fought in the Southern Campaign of the Russian Civil War; after the fall of Odessa , it took a 400 kilometre march across enemy lines, engaging along the way the forces of Yudenich , Denikin and Makhno . On 13 February 1920 Anatolie Popa

312-472: A derogatory name meaning "carcass". The term was applied to deputies allegedly bribed to switch factions. In 2010, women accounted for 8.5% of MPs. After the 2012 parliamentary election they made up 10% of the parliament. Following the 2014 parliamentary election women made up 11.1% of the parliament; setting a record for Ukraine. For comparison, the EU average for female representation in national legislatures

390-741: A faction in the Verkhovna Rada, for example, the Party of Regions , All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" and Labour Ukraine . Each parliamentary faction or group appoints a leader. Since the Imperative mandate provisions of the Ukrainian constitution came into effect again in February 2014 a political party can withdraw a parliamentary mandate if one of their MPs leaves its parliamentary faction. MPs who defected from one faction to another were known as "Tushky"

468-502: A people's deputy of Ukraine , this bill reduced certain privileges for incumbent and former deputies. The parliament canceled some benefits and payments to lawmakers in December 2011. Deputy's absence from parliamentary meetings is being countered by withholding salary. In December 2019 deputy's immunity was dismantled except that a lawmaker is not legally liable for the results of voting or statements in parliament and its bodies. Over

546-545: A regular army; however, his attempts to persuade the 27 January [ O.S. 14 January] session of the Peasants' Council were received with jeers. In spite of such opposition, Rudiev and Popa, who replaced the former in the Revolutionary Headquarters , handed out weapons to volunteers in the city and nearby villages and ensured that the two artillery pieces available to the garrison were properly manned. According to

624-570: A speaker. The Verkhovna Rada meets in the Verkhovna Rada building in Ukraine's capital Kyiv . The deputies elected in the 21 July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election were inaugurated on 29 August 2019. The Verkhovna Rada developed out of the systems of the republican representative body known in the Soviet Union as Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) that was first established on 26 June 1938 as

702-679: A type of legislature of the Ukrainian SSR after the dissolution of the Congress of Soviets of the Ukrainian SSR . The 12th convocation of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR ( elected in 1990 ) issued the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine , introduced elements of a market economy and political liberalization , and officially changed the numeration of its sessions, proclaiming itself

780-506: A witness interrogated by the Romanians after taking the city, the local Revolutionary Committee, led by sub-lieutenant Solovyov, requested Popa to hand in the weapons from the garrison, threatening him with death; another witness however indicated that Popa acted on its own accord, handing out weapons personally, in collaboration with other members of the Revolutionary Headquarters . Popa also took into custody several Romanian officers arrested in

858-403: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ukrainian Rada Supported by (36) Opposition (71) Others (63) Vacant (46) The Verkhovna Rada ( / v ər ˈ k ɔː v n ə ˈ r ɑː d ə / ; VR ), officially the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine , the unicameral parliament of Ukraine . The Verkhovna Rada has over 450 deputies , who are presided over by

SECTION 10

#1732851158254

936-514: Is a localized version of this term used in the Ukrainian SSR . After Ukraine regained independence in 1991, the term Verkhovnaya Rada ( Russian : Верховная Рада ) had been in use in both Russian and Ukrainian-based russophone media as a loan translation of the Ukrainian term. Verkhovna , the feminine form of the adjective "верховний" meaning supreme , derives from the Ukrainian word "верх" meaning "top". Another name, used less commonly,

1014-667: Is the Parliament of Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Парламент України ). The Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic replaced the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets and was a type of legislative authority of Soviet Ukraine according to the 1937 Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR . The All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets had already been renamed the Supreme Council in 1927. The Congress of Soviets

1092-616: The Council' s Military Director had to request the Commissioner for Moldavian Problems in Odessa to order Popa to comply with the directions issued by the local commissioner and commander of the garrison. The authority of Sfatul Țării was not universally recognised across Bessarabia; instead, several local committees, some loyal to the Sovnarkom , exercised authority locally. The most serious contender

1170-455: The Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine on 16 July 1990, and declared Ukrainian independence on 24 August 1991, at approximately 6 p.m. local time. At the time, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada was Leonid Kravchuk . The Act of Ukrainian Independence was overwhelmingly supported in a national referendum held on 1 December 1991. On 12 September 1991, the parliament adopted the law "On

1248-810: The Frontotdel proclaimed itself the supreme authority over all troops in Bessarabia and took control of the mail, telegraph and main railway stations in Bessarabia. The authority of Sfatul Țării , declared an "organ of the bourgeoisie", was virtually dissolved. In this context, the Romanian army moved in into Bessarabia in early January and occupied several towns and villages along the Prut, encountering only light resistance from local pro-Soviet troops. The first major encounter took place in Chișinău on 19 January [ O.S. 6 January], when Moldavian and Russian troops disarmed troops of

1326-691: The Khotyn Uprising in January 1919. After the Romanian Army violently suppressed the rebellion, he returned to Ukraine, where his group engaged troops loyal to the Directorate . By April 1919, Popa was appointed commander of the first infantry regiment of the 1st Bessarabian brigade, led by Filip Levenson . This Red Army unit included many participants in the Khotyn Uprising, and was later redesignated as

1404-576: The Orange Revolution and the campaign for the 2007 parliamentary election Party of Regions, OU-PSD and BYuT all promised to strip lawmakers of their parliamentary immunity. In June 2008 the parliament failed to adopt the Bill on restriction of privileges for deputies and introduction of imperative mandate . 192 people's deputies voted "for" the bill submitted by the BYuT faction out of 436 deputies registered in

1482-584: The President of Ukraine , impeaches the president, declares war and peace, appoints the Prime Minister of Ukraine , appoints or confirms certain officials, appoints one-third of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine , ratifies and denounces international treaties, and exercises certain control functions. The Constitution of Ukraine stipulates that the Verkhovna Rada is authorized to fulfil its functions under

1560-519: The Second World War , the building was reconstructed from 1945 to 1947, with the rebuilt glass dome one metre higher than the original. The Verkhovna Rada is the sole body of legislative power in Ukraine. The parliament determines the principles of domestic and foreign policy, introduces amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine , adopts laws, approves the state budget , designates elections for

1638-624: The Transylvanian volunteer corps sent by the Romanian government to take the city. Later that day, Erhan and Inculeț, summoned at a joint meeting of the provincial and City soviets with the Moldavian Military Central Executive Committee, denied any role in the Romanian invasion, repudiated the MNP directors, and even agreed to send a protest note to the Romanian government, calling for a withdrawal of its troops. The mood among

SECTION 20

#1732851158254

1716-524: The next election to the Verkhovna Rada , set to be held after the Russian invasion of Ukraine ends, again will be held under a proportional scheme. The name Rada ( Ukrainian : Рада ) means "council". The institution originated in the time of Kievan Rus' and then represented a council of boyars and of the higher clergy. In the 17th and 18th centuries the Dnieper Cossacks used the term to refer to

1794-603: The 22 January [ O.S. 9 January] joint session of the Peasants' Council, the Municipal Council, the Workers' and Soldiers' Soviet and the county zemstvo were even able to obtain a slight majority against armed resistance. According to his own account, the chairman of the local Soviet, the Menshevik Razumovskyi, also attempted to delay the mobilisation, arguing that a hastily armed crowd would not be able to resist

1872-516: The 22nd, the Revolutionary Headquarters was able to muster 3,000 workers and soldiers of the local garrison, who held a rally also attended by delegates from nearby villages. The mobilisation was not however supported by all the committees: the Bălți Municipal Council rejected it on 23 January [ O.S. 10 January] January, refused to send delegates to the Revolutionary Headquarters and event requested its dissolution. Its delegates to

1950-670: The Bessarabian administrative centre. Popa soon joined the Moldavian national movement, which sought autonomy for Bessarabia, and was appointed a delegate to the Moldavian Central Military Executive Committee. The movement for autonomy, spearheaded by the Moldavian National Party (MNP), was regarded with suspicion not only by the ethnic minorities, but also by the leftist revolutionary committees and

2028-632: The Bessarabian population, the Romanian authorities sought to co-opt him in their administration; consequently, he was soon pardoned by King Ferdinand and offered a position in the Romanian Army . Anatol Popa however took the occasion and fled over the Dniester , to Ukraine , joining the Soviet partisan groups. Given a command position, he led a partisan detachment that crossed the Dniester back into Bessarabia during

2106-583: The Bolshevik Council of People's Commissars ( Sovnarkom ) at the end of November. As the latter commanded the allegiance of most regular troops of the Russian Army in Bessarabia, increasingly Bolshevik in outlook, the Council of Directors sought to enlist the Moldavian militias in an effort to create an Armed Force loyal to Sfatul Țării . Anatolie Popa was among the officers chosen for this task and, on 28 December [ O.S. 15 December], he received

2184-540: The Bolshevik government. However, he also noted the Moldavian troops' dissatisfaction with the Romanian presence and affirmed his commitment to a republican Bessarabia "alongside Russia". Furthermore, Pântea informed Popa about his intention to resign from the executive, as the latter was becoming increasingly pro-Romanian, as well as his decision to mobilise the Moldavian Army to defend the country in case "someone looks over

2262-573: The Congress rejected Bessarabia's separation from Soviet Russia and decided to send Paladi to Petrograd to request for military assistance against the Romanian intervention. The call for an end to the Romanian intervention was initially joined by the Third Bessarabian Peasants' Congress, assembled in Chișinău on 31 January [ O.S. 18 January] and presided by Rudiev. However, as the latter city had already been occupied by Romanian troops,

2340-475: The Law on Regulations of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The latest version of the document was adopted on 16 December 2012, in which through the initiative of the President of Ukraine amendments were made concerning registration and voting by parliamentarians. 2012 became a year of numerous changes in regards to the document, among which were changes to the election of the chairman. Bills are usually considered following

2418-567: The Legal Succession of Ukraine". Thus, the VR became the Supreme Council of Ukraine . The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted by the thirteenth convocation of the Verkhovna Rada on 28 June 1996, at approximately 9 a.m. local time. The parliament's fourteenth convocation officially changed the numbering of the convocations proclaiming itself the third (democratic and independent) convocation of

Anatolie Popa - Misplaced Pages Continue

2496-555: The Moldavian Military Central Executive Committee, the City Soviet and the provincial Peasants' Council to issue protests, affirming their commitment to the revolution and a federal Russia, and calling for redistributing land to peasants, purging the "reactionary" elements in Sfatul Țării and establishing relations with the Sovnarkom . In spite of reassurances coming from the leaders of Sfatul Țării that only "neutral" troops would be brought,

2574-474: The Moldavian peasant majority, who feared autonomy was a step towards annexation to the neighbouring conservative Kingdom of Romania . The October Revolution , however, led to a mood change amongst the more moderate leftist groups, and in November 1917 the various revolutionary committees coagulated into a provisional provincial assembly, Sfatul Țării , which on 15 December [ O.S. 2 December] proclaimed

2652-505: The Moldavian troops was also strongly anti-Romanian, and Erhan and the Military Director, Gherman Pântea , were forced to authorise resistance; however, as the main corps of the Romanian army approached Chișinău on 20 January [ O.S. 7 January], Pântea directed most Moldavian troops in the opposite direction in order to avert a battle. While the initial Romanian forays into the Bessarabian capital were repulsed with difficulties by

2730-456: The Prut", towards the Romanian government. Between 3 and 5 February [ O.S. 21 and 23 January], Moldavian and Russians troops, led by the Revolutionary Headquarters , defended Bălți against the Romanian offensive. The defenders of the city, comprising up to a thousand volunteers and the revolutionary troops in the garrison, were also joined by armed peasants from Cubolta , Hăsnășenii Mici and other nearby villages. The initial advance of

2808-477: The Rada may enact an ad hoc deviation from this composition rule. The chairman presides over parliamentary sessions, signs bills and sends them to the President for promulgation , signs and promulgates parliamentary acts (other than bills), organises staff work, etc. The chairman is also empowered to call special sessions of parliament, enact bills vetoed by the President when the Verkhovna Rada votes to overturn

2886-475: The Romanian 1st Cavalry Division commanded by general Mihail Schina was temporarily repulsed with losses at Fălești , with the general himself briefly captured by a peasants self-defense group in Obreja on 4 February [ O.S. 22 January]. The same day the Romanians attempted to enter the city, but, coming under machine gun and artillery fire, they retreated with heavy losses; another Romanian cavalry detachment

2964-479: The Russian and Moldavian troops, the Frontodel and the City Soviet, faced with a numerically superior opponent, ultimately decided to withdraw towards Bender , and the Romanians occupied Chișinău on 26 January [ O.S. 13 January]. The news of the Romanian invasion quickly reached the rest of Bessarabia, and resistance was prepared, most notably in Bălți and Bender. On 21 January [ O.S. 8 January], on

3042-618: The Soviets were able to take the town, three days later. Posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner , Popa was praised by Yakir in his 1929 memoirs as a "titan commander" who "possessed both great willpower and great endurance". Cotiujenii Mari Cotiujenii Mari is a commune in Șoldănești District , Moldova . It is composed of three villages: Cotiujenii Mari, Cușelăuca and Cobîlea station. This Șoldănești District location article

3120-471: The Verkhovna Rada and local councils of people's deputies were held on 4 March 1990. Although the Communist Party still remained in control, a " Democratic Bloc " was formed by numerous parties, including People's Movement of Ukraine ( Rukh ), Helsinki Watch Committee of Ukraine , Party of Greens of Ukraine , and many others. The twelfth convocation of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR issued

3198-401: The Verkhovna Rada are known officially as "People's deputies of Ukraine". According to the "Law on elections of national deputies of Ukraine", a citizen of Ukraine may become a People's Deputy if he or she has, on the day of the election, a) reached 21 years of age; b) political franchise; c) resided in Ukraine for the last five years. Deputies have the right to free transportation, free use of

Anatolie Popa - Misplaced Pages Continue

3276-679: The Verkhovna Rada's rules and procedures. Only 15 or more deputies may form a parliamentary faction and an MP may be a member of only one faction at a time. The chairman and his two vice-chairmen may not be the heads of factions. Under current parliamentary rules a faction of non-partisan politicians can not be smaller than the smallest faction of a political party. Deputies who are expelled from factions or decide to leave them to become individual lawmakers; individual deputies are allowed to unite into parliamentary groups of people's deputies that again have at least 15 deputies. Several influential parties have been founded after originally being formed as

3354-445: The Verkhovna Rada, a mixed voting system was used. 50% of seats were distributed under party lists with a 5% election threshold and 50% through first-past-the-post in single-member constituencies . The method of 50/50 mixed elections was used in 2002, 2012, 2014 and 2019 elections; however, in 2006 and 2007, the elections were held under a proportional system only. According to the election law that became valid on 1 January 2020,

3432-412: The Verkhovna Rada. After the Orange Revolution , constitutional amendments were adopted in December 2004, by the fourth (fifteenth) convocation of the Verkhovna Rada. On 1 October 2010, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine overturned the 2004 Amendments, considering them unconstitutional. On 21 February 2014, parliament reinstated the December 2004 amendments to the constitution. In 2017 and 2018,

3510-512: The autonomous Moldavian Democratic Republic within a Russian Democratic Federative Republic . The assembly, proclaiming itself the highest authority in Bessarabia, appointed a provisional executive, the Council of Directors ; furthermore, it nominally pledged allegiance to the Provisional Government , placing itself in tacit opposition to the provincial and Chișinău city Soviets of workers' and soldiers' deputies , which had recognised

3588-406: The basis of equal and direct universal suffrage through a secret ballot. All members of parliament are grouped into parliamentary factions and groups. Members of parliament who were elected from a certain party list are not necessarily members of that party. Parties that break the 5% electoral threshold form factions in the parliament. The formation of official parliamentary factions is regulated by

3666-561: The chairman of the local Soviet, the Ukrainian lieutenant Soloviev, collaborated with the Revolutionary Headquarters chiefly in order to prevent its takeover by the Bolsheviks, the Moldavians Rudiev and Popa were primarily supporters of the Moldavian autonomy and of peasants' interest, pushed into collaboration with the Bolsheviks by what they saw as their betrayal by the right wing of the Sfatul Țării . Owing to Popa's good standing with

3744-467: The command of the "nationalised" Moldavian 478th detachment of Bălți. Popa was also appointed military commissioner for the Bălți county, growing close to the local Council of peasants' deputies . The state of emergency was soon declared in the Bălți county "in order to preserve public order", however Popa was reticent in using violence against the peasants. On 4 January 1918 [ O.S. 22 December 1917],

3822-547: The condition that at least two-thirds of its constitutional composition (300 or more people's deputies) are elected. In Ukraine there are no requirements for the minimum number of signatures (of deputies) to register a bill. In general the parliament adopts about 200 bills per year. An average of five to six bills are registered daily in parliament. As a result of this in the spring of 2019 parliament had more than 10 thousand registered and under consideration bills it had yet to debate. All procedural regulations are contained in

3900-508: The council was Mykhailo Burmystenko who later died during World War II . In 1938, a Presidium was elected by the council that was chaired by Leonid Korniyets . The Presidium represented the council whenever it was not in session. During the war, the Presidium was evacuated to the city of Saratov in the Russian SFSR . On 29 June 1943, the Presidium issued an order postponing elections for

3978-617: The countryside, and rejected Razumovskyi's plea for their release, stating he was acting in retaliation to the arrest of Moldavian officers in Ungheni . The Second Congress of the Bălți County Peasants' deputies, held on 27 January [ O.S. 14 January], voted to reject the authority of Sfatul Țării as unrepresentative, pledged allegiance to the Bolshevik Sovnarkom and called for the institution of Soviet power. Furthermore,

SECTION 50

#1732851158254

4056-405: The defeat. The Romanian occupation forces immediately began a crackdown on the resistance, with 20 locals executed and more than one thousand arrested in the following two days. Anatolie Popa was also apprehended on the occasion and, on 14 February [ O.S. 1 February], was sentenced to death by a Court Martial for his role in organising and arming the local troops. The assessment of the battle

4134-418: The first convocation of the "Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine". The current parliament is the ninth convocation. Because of the war in Donbas and the unilateral annexation of Crimea by Russia, elections for the constituencies situated in Donbas and Crimea were not held in the 2014 and 2019 elections ; hence the current composition of the Verkhovna Rada consists of 424 deputies. In the last elections to

4212-464: The first day of a new session of the Rada. In the original Ukrainian: Присягаю на вірність Україні. Зобов'язуюсь усіма своїми діями боронити суверенітет і незалежність України, дбати про благо Вітчизни і добробут Українського народу. Присягаю додержуватися Конституції України та законів України, виконувати свої обов'язки в інтересах усіх співвітчизників. English translation: I swear allegiance to Ukraine. I commit myself with all my deeds to protect

4290-490: The hall of official delegations, free housing, free medical services and free vacations at health spas . Each deputy is allowed to have up to 31 assistants-consultants four out of them are allowed to be admitted into the Secretariat of the Verkhovna Rada. Until 2019, the Ukrainian President , Prime Minister, members of the government and deputies all had parliamentary immunity and agents of law enforcement were prohibited from searching their homes or following them. During

4368-463: The initiative of the Bălți County commissioner Vasile Rudiev , the county's Council of Peasants' Deputies began organising a resistance to the Romanian advance. The Council declared a general mobilisation and established the Revolutionary Headquarters for the Defence of the Country , comprising Andrei Paladi , chairman of the county's Land Committee, G. Galagan, member of the Provincial Peasant's Council executive committee, Rudiev, and others. Already on

4446-613: The meetings where major decisions were made; the Cossacks elected new councils by popular vote. The Ukrainian People's Republic between 17 March 1917 and 29 April 1918 had a Central Rada . The West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian government-in-exile each had a UNRada (Ukrainian National Rada). The current name of the parliament derives from the Soviet practice of calling national parliament and parliaments of its constituent republics Supreme Soviets ( Russian : Верховный совет , romanized :  Verkhovnyy soviet ). Like in many other Soviet republics, Verkhovna Rada

4524-456: The new convocation for one year while extending the first convocation. On 8 January 1944, the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR in agreement with the Communist Party decided to relocate the Presidium of the Supreme Council from Kharkiv to Kyiv. New elections were scheduled for 9 February 1947 for the Council. Until 24 August 1991, Verkhovna Rada kept the name Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR . The first partially free elections to

4602-457: The nominal head of Russian troops on the Romanian front; the general, who had no effective authority over the troops, forwarded the request to the Romanians. Several leaders of the Nationalist Party would later testify this was the intended course of events, the Council fearing a direct call for Romanian troops would result in a popular revolt. The request precipitated a Bolshevik takeover, as, on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1918,

4680-404: The official residence of the President of Ukraine . After the transfer of the capital of the Ukrainian SSR from Kharkiv to Kyiv in 1934, a whole set of government buildings was planned for the city. In 1936, a contest for the construction of the new parliament building was won by architect Volodymyr Zabolotny . The original building was constructed from 1936 to 1938. Having been destroyed in

4758-402: The plenary hall. The factions of the opposition Party of Regions, as well as the CPU and the Lytvyn Bloc, voted against, the OU-PSD faction voted partially "for" and the BYUT faction voted unanimously "for". A proposal to send the bill for the first reading for a second time also did not find support. In May 2009 the second Tymoshenko Government approved a bill amending the Law on the status of

SECTION 60

#1732851158254

4836-430: The population was outraged by the Romanian intervention and the Peasants' Council had switched allegiance to the Petrograd government, he requested more officers and money for the soldiers' pay, and offered to send ammunitions and even troops to Chișinău. In his reply, Pântea repeated the Romanian argument that their intervention was only meant to protect the supply depots and pacify the capital, and expressed his distrust of

4914-429: The procedure of three readings; the President of Ukraine must sign a law before it can be officially promulgated . Until 2017 the parliament appointed and dismissed judges from their posts and permitted detention or arrest of judges (those powers were transferred to the High Council of Justice ). The Verkhovna Rada is a unicameral legislature with 450 people's deputies ( Ukrainian : народний депутат ) elected on

4992-591: The provincial and Chișinău City soviets took steps toward strengthening their positions. On 6 January 1918 [ O.S. 24 December 1917] they established a Revolutionary Headquarters , proclaimed the highest authority over all "Soviet" troops in Bessarabia, and soon they enlisted the support of the frontline department ( Frontotdel ) of the Rumcherod , which had arrived to Chișinău at the end of December. The Council of Directors also ultimately decided on 8 January 1918 [ O.S. 26 December 1917] to request military assistance from General Dmitry Shcherbachev ,

5070-439: The radical leaders of the Congress were arrested and executed shortly after; a more complacent leadership was installed and renounced overt opposition to the Romanian military occupation. According to the pro-Romanian politician Dimitrie Bogos , Popa also attended the Provincial Congress in Chișinău on the 31st [ O.S. 18th], where he sided with the initial majority, and only afterwards returned to Bălți and began organising

5148-470: The resistance against the Romanian army. Popa also contacted Gherman Pântea, the acting Director for the military of the provisional Bessarabian executive, requesting information about the situation in Chișinău. According to the transcript of their 2 February [ O.S. 20 January] exchange, Popa had managed to enlist an infantry battalion, two cavalry squadrons, a machine-gun company , a motor transport company, as well as an artillery battery. Noting that

5226-404: The sovereignty and independence of Ukraine, to provide for the good of the Motherland and for the welfare of the Ukrainian people. I swear to abide by the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, to carry out my duties in the interests of all compatriots. The Verkhovna Rada elects from among its ranks a Chairman (Speaker; Ukrainian : Голова Верховної Ради ), a First Deputy Chairman, and

5304-552: The unreliability of Moldavian troops, which were also siding with the Bolsheviks, a closed session of Sfatul Țării authorised the Council of Directors to look for military support outside the province: the leftist leaders, Ion Inculeț and Pantelimon Erhan , held talks with the chief of the Odessa Military District, while the nationalist MNP sought assistance from the Romanian government in Iași . By 2 January 1918 [ O.S. 20 December 1917], rumours of an imminent foreign military intervention had spread in Chișinău, prompting

5382-429: The website of the Verkhovna Rada was the most popular among all websites of the parliaments of UN member states . The Verkhovna Rada meets in a neo-classical building on Kyiv's vulytsia Mykhaila Hrushevskoho (Mykhaila Hrushevsky Street) and Ploshcha Konstytutsii (Constitution Square). The building adjoins Mariinskyi Park and the 18th century Mariinskyi Palace , designed by Bartolomeo Rastrelli , which serves as

5460-426: The years several local millionaires have been members of the Rada. In early 2020, Servant of the People announced plans to reduce the number of deputies from the current 450 to 300. An initial vote regarding this initiative garnered 236 votes in favor, 40 against, and 86 abstentions. Before assuming office, the deputies must take the following oath before the leadership of the Rada and fellow deputies on

5538-442: Was 25% as of 2014. Ukraine made further progress in this area in the 2019 elections, following which 21% of the Rada was female. On 20 March 2022, the activities of the main opposition party, Opposition Platform — For Life were suspended by the National Security and Defense Council for the period of martial law due to allegations of having ties to Russia made by the Council during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Members of

5616-597: Was able to get a job as secretary of the rural police in his home village. This provided him with an occasion to become acquainted with the anti- Tsarist literature, mainly through the students returning home during the holidays. With the start of World War I , Popa was drafted in the Imperial Russian Army and, after graduating the Odessa War College as an officer, he was sent to the Eastern Front . He

5694-450: Was given the command of the 399th Regiment "Communist" of the 45th Division, which was sent to the Polish front , suffering heavy losses. Replenished to a full strength of 400, on 23 March the regiment was ordered to capture the settlement of Novo-Miropol' . The assault encountered strong resistance and Popa, heavily wounded, was captured by the Polish forces . He died under interrogation before

5772-472: Was initiated by its Central Executive Committee , which it elected and held accountable. The last chairman of the committee was Hryhoriy Petrovsky (also known as Grigoriy Petrovskiy in Russian transliteration). The first elections to the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR took place on 26 June 1938. The first session of the parliament took place in Kyiv from 25 July through to 28 July 1938. The first Chairman of

5850-508: Was mixed: while the Soviet historiography praised the Defence of Bălți as a heroic deed, Bogos saw the battle as an "infamy" comparable to the events of January 6, when Moldavian troops in Chișinău disarmed the Transylvanian volunteer corps. As argued by historian Izeaslav Levit, the opponents of the Romanian intervention included people of different ethnic backgrounds and political options: while

5928-402: Was repulsed near the railway station. Superior both in number of troops and artillery, the Romanian troops were ultimately able to defeat the revolutionary detachments and capture the town in the afternoon of 5 February [ O.S. 23 January], with part of the defenders retreating toward the north. Soviet sources also indicate the counter-revolutionary forces acting inside Bălți as a factor in

6006-569: Was supportive of the overthrow of the Tsar during the February Revolution , and his political views were further influenced by the strong Bolshevik agitation in the 49th Technical Reserve Battalion in Odessa, where he was recovering from a battlefield injury. Popa was eventually put in command of a battalion of the 75th Sevastopol Infantry Regiment and in September 1917 was dispatched to Chișinău ,

6084-545: Was the Chișinău City Soviet, which, radicalised by the Ukrainian Rada 's demobilisation order, had elected a mostly Bolshevik executive committee in mid-December. The Soviet and the Council still collaborated in managing the demobilisation, however they were unable to cope with the disruption caused by the large number of disorganised, badly fed soldiers leaving the front. Confronted with widespread peasant rioting and

#253746