Social democracy
46-752: Anarchist Federation is the name of several organisations: Anarchist Federation (Britain) Anarchist Federation of Britain Anarchist Federation (France) Anarchist Federation of Gran Canaria Anarchist Federation (Poland) Italian Anarchist Federation Iberian Anarchist Federation Japanese Anarchist Federation Anarchist Federation (Czech republic and Slovakia) Mexican Anarchist Federation Anarchist Federation (Sweden) New York Federation of Anarchists (United States) Social Revolutionary Anarchist Federation (United States) Uruguayan Anarchist Federation Topics referred to by
92-493: A collectivist , Bakunin had himself opposed communism, which he considered to be an inherently authoritarian ideology . But with Bakunin's death in 1876, the anarchists began to shift away from his theory of collectivism and towards an anarchist communism. The term "anarchist communism" was first printed in François Dumartheray 's February 1876 pamphlet, To manual workers, supporters of political action . Élisée Reclus
138-721: A bitter struggle with the Stalinists , who controlled the distribution of military aid to the Republican cause from the Soviet Union . The events known as the Spanish Revolution was a workers' social revolution that began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and resulted in the widespread implementation of anarchist and, more broadly, libertarian socialist organizational principles throughout various portions of
184-499: A founding member of the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI), summarized this as follows: too much influence in it of Marxism , it erroneously divided and reduced anarchists between individualist anarchists and anarcho-communist sections, and it wanted to unify the anarchist movement along the lines of the anarcho-communists. He saw anarchism as more complex than that, that anarchist tendencies are not mutually exclusive as
230-562: A general condition of abundance , which could set the foundation for the abandonment of exchange value and the free distribution of resources. This program for anarcho-communism was adopted by the Italian anarchists , who had already begun to question collectivism. Although Guillaume had himself remained neutral throughout the debate, in September 1877, the Italian anarcho-communists clashed with
276-429: Is a political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates communism . It calls for the abolition of private property but retention of personal property and collectively-owned items, goods, and services. It supports social ownership of property and the distribution of resources " From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs ". Anarchist communism was first formulated as such in
322-554: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Anarchist Federation (Britain) Socialism Communism Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Other The Anarchist Federation ( AF , AFed ) is a federation of anarcho-communists in Great Britain . It is not a political party, but a direct action , agitational and propaganda organisation. The British anarchist movement had been revitalized during
368-579: The Argentine Libertarian Federation . The Fédération Anarchiste (FA) was founded in Paris on 2 December 1945 and elected the platformist anarcho-communist George Fontenis as its first secretary the following year. It was composed of a majority of activists from the former FA (which supported Volin 's Synthesis ) and some members of the former Union Anarchiste, which supported the CNT-FAI support to
414-499: The French Revolution of 1848 , Joseph Déjacque formulated a radical form of communism that opposed both the revolutionary republicanism of Auguste Blanqui and the mutualism of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon . Déjacque opposed the authoritarian conception of a " dictatorship of the proletariat ", which he considered to be inherently reactionary and counter-revolutionary . Instead, he upheld the autonomy and self-organisation of
460-486: The Ricardian socialists . He considered a worker's right to be to the satisfaction of their needs, rather than to keep the product of their own labour, as he felt the latter would inevitably lead to capital accumulation . He thus advocated for all property to be held under common ownership and for "unlimited freedom of production and consumption", subordinated only to the authority of the "statistics book". In order to guarantee
506-631: The Spanish collectivists at what would be the Anti-Authoritarian International's final congress in Verviers . Alongside the economic question, the two factions were also divided by the question of organisation. While the collectivists upheld trade unions as a means for achieving anarchy, the communists considered them to be inherently reformist and counter-revolutionary organisations that were prone to bureaucracy and corruption . Instead,
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#1732858217897552-689: The autonomous Marxists of Subversion . In 1999, the ACF changed its name one final time, becoming the Anarchist Federation (AF). By the turn of the 21st century, the AF were involved in the anti-globalization movement and participated in protests against rising third world debt . The Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police began investigating the AF, following 2000's May Day demonstration at Parliament Square , during which some activists had dug up
598-484: The police and military would be abolished. Déjacque's communist platform outlined in his Humanisphere preceded the program of the Paris Commune , and would anticipate the anarcho-communism later elaborated by Errico Malatesta , Peter Kropotkin and Luigi Galleani . The International Workingmen's Association (IWA) was established in 1864, at a time when a formalised anarchist movement did not yet exist. Of
644-404: The state , and the introduction of common ownership of property and the distribution of resources " from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs ". In anticipation of anarchist communism, Dézamy rejected the need for a transitional stage between capitalism and communism, instead calling for immediate communisation through the direct cessation of commerce . Following
690-497: The Anarchist Federation took part in the occupation of Paddington Green Police Station , but they were swiftly evicted. The Anarchist Federation propagates a theory of anarchist communism , distancing itself from individualist anarchism , anarcho-pacifism and anarcho-syndicalism . It had come to outright reject trade unionism during the suppression of the miners' strike of 1984–1985 , which had caused it to question
736-548: The FCL and thus produced the end of the organization. A group of militants who disagreed with the FA turning into FCL reorganized a new Federation Anarchiste established in December 1953. This included those who formed L'Entente anarchiste, who joined the new FA and then dissolved L'Entente. The new base principles of the FA were written by the individualist anarchist Charles-Auguste Bontemps and
782-685: The FCL in December 1955, disagreeing with the decision to present "revolutionary candidates" to the legislative elections. On 15–20 August 1954, the Ve intercontinental plenum of the CNT took place. A group called Entente anarchiste appeared, which was formed of militants who did not like the new ideological orientation that the OPB was giving the FCL seeing it was authoritarian and almost Marxist. The FCL lasted until 1956, just after participating in state legislative elections with ten candidates. This move alienated some members of
828-724: The Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association . The theoretical work of Peter Kropotkin took importance later as it expanded and developed pro-organizationalist and insurrectionary anti-organizationalist section. Examples of anarchist communist societies are the anarchist territories of the Makhnovshchina during the Russian Revolution , and those of the Spanish Revolution , most notably revolutionary Catalonia . The modern current of communism
874-493: The Republican government during the Spanish Civil War, as well as some young Resistants. In 1950 a clandestine group formed within the FA called Organisation Pensée Bataille (OPB), led by George Fontenis. The new decision-making process was founded on unanimity : each person has a right of veto on the orientations of the federation. The FCL published the same year Manifeste du communisme libertaire . Several groups quit
920-623: The Spanish Revolution, which historian Sam Dolgoff claimed was the closest any revolution had come to realizing a free, stateless mass society. Stalinist-led troops suppressed the collectives and persecuted both dissident Marxists and anarchists. Anarcho-communism entered into internal debates over the organization issue in the post-World War II era. Founded in October 1935, the Anarcho-Communist Federation of Argentina (FACA, Federación Anarco-Comunista Argentina) in 1955 renamed itself
966-810: The United States were in Yiddish, German, or Russian. However, the American anarcho-communist journal The Firebrand was published in English, permitting the dissemination of anarchist communist thought to English-speaking populations in the United States. According to the anarchist historian Max Nettlau , the first use of the term "libertarian communism" was in November 1880, when a French anarchist congress employed it to identify its doctrines more clearly. The French anarchist journalist Sébastien Faure , later founder and editor of
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#17328582178971012-470: The anarchist movement, over participation in the workers' movement, as well as on other issues. So in Kropotkin's anarcho-communist theory of evolution, the risen people themselves are meant to be the rational industrial manager rather than a working class organized as enterprise. Between 1880 and 1890, with the "perspective of an immanent revolution", who was "opposed to the official workers' movement, which
1058-403: The anarchist territories during the Spanish Revolution . In Spain, the national anarcho-syndicalist trade union Confederación Nacional del Trabajo initially refused to join a popular front electoral alliance, and abstention by CNT supporters led to a right-wing election victory. In 1936, the CNT changed its policy, and anarchist votes helped bring the popular front back to power. Months later,
1104-573: The beginning of the 1990s, they participated in the poll tax riots , calling for "the abolition of all hierarchy" and "the creation of a worldwide classless society". According to one report by the Economic League in 1991, the ACF had quickly become "second only to Class War" in terms of its "militancy and commitment to violence". Although a small organization, much of the ACF's influence came from its "cordial relationships" with other libertarian socialist groups, cooperating particularly closely with
1150-479: The collective ownership of industry, which he believed would lead to capital accumulation and consequently social stratification . Instead Cafiero called for the abolition of all wage labour , which he saw as a relic of capitalism , and for the distribution of resources " from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs ". As anarcho-communism emerged in the mid-19th century, it had an intense debate with Bakuninist collectivism and, within
1196-405: The communists preferred small, loosely-organised affinity groups , which they believed closer conformed to anti-authoritarian principles. In October 1880, a Congress of the defunct International's Jura Federation adopted Carlo Cafiero 's programme of Anarchy and Communism , which outlined a clear break with Guillaume's collectivist programme. Cafiero rejected the use of an exchange value and
1242-563: The conquest of state power by political parties, banned the anarchists from the IWA. The anarchist faction around the Jura Federation resolved to reconstitute as their own Anti-Authoritarian International , which was constructed as a more decentralised and federal organisation. Two of the IWA's largest branches, in Italy and Spain , repudiated Marxism and adopted the anti-authoritarian platform. As
1288-735: The country for two to three years, primarily Catalonia , Aragon , Andalusia , and parts of the Levante . Much of Spain's economy was put under worker control; in anarchist strongholds like Catalonia, the figure was as high as 75%, but lower in areas with heavy Communist Party of Spain influence, as the Soviet -allied party actively resisted attempts at collectivization enactment. Factories were run through worker committees, and agrarian areas became collectivized and ran as libertarian communes . Anarchist Gaston Leval estimated that about eight million people participated directly or at least indirectly in
1334-830: The editor of Virus magazine and started publishing their own texts about anarcho-communism , changing their name again to the Anarchist Communist Discussion Group (ACDG). After the split of Syndicalist Fight (SyF) from the Direct Action Movement (DAM) in 1986, the ACDG merged together with SyF and established the Anarchist Communist Federation (ACF). Throughout the late-1980s, the ACF drew together many people that were new to anarchism, which effectively made it into an entirely new organization, almost completely disconnected from its roots. At
1380-481: The few individual anarchists that were influential at this time, it was Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's conception of federalism and his advocacy of abstentionism that inspired many of the French delegates that founded the IWA and lay the groundwork for the growth of anarchism. Among the French delegates were a more radical minority that opposed Proudhon's mutualism, which held the nuclear family as its base social unit. Led by
1426-420: The former ruling class responded with an attempted coup causing the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). In response to the army rebellion, an anarchist-inspired movement of peasants and industrial workers, supported by armed militias, took control of Barcelona and large areas of rural Spain, where they collectivized the land. However, even before the fascist victory in 1939, the anarchists were losing ground in
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1472-942: The four-volume Anarchist Encyclopedia , started the weekly paper Le Libertaire ( The Libertarian ) in 1895. In Ukraine , the anarcho-communist guerrilla leader Nestor Makhno led an independent anarchist army during the Russian Civil War . A commander of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine , Makhno led a guerrilla campaign opposing both the Bolshevik "Reds" and monarchist "Whites". The Makhnovist movement made various tactical military pacts while fighting various reaction forces and organizing an anarchist society committed to resisting state authority, whether capitalist or Bolshevik . The Dielo Truda platform in Spain also met with strong criticism. Miguel Jimenez,
1518-475: The grass to plant vegetables. Following a series of vandalisms and arson attacks by green anarchists , a large police investigation was launched into Bristol 's anarchist community, to which the Bristol Anarchist Federation responded with a statement denouncing the police 's "concerted effort to intimidate and divide" local anarchists. In February 2020, eco-socialist activists connected to
1564-406: The non-platformist anarcho-communist Maurice Joyeux which established an organization with a plurality of tendencies and autonomy of groups organized around synthesist principles . According to historian Cédric Guérin, the new Federation Anarchiste identity included the unconditional rejection of Marxism , motivated in significant part by the previous conflict with George Fontenis and his OPB. In
1610-592: The platformists saw it and that both individualist and communist views could accommodate anarchosyndicalism. Sébastian Faure had strong contacts in Spain, so his proposal had more impact on Spanish anarchists than the Dielo Truda platform, even though individualist anarchist influence in Spain was less intense than it was in France. The main goal there was reconciling anarcho-communism with anarcho-syndicalism. The most extensive application of anarcho-communist ideas happened in
1656-744: The role of the trade unions in a class conflict. It extends its skepticism of trade unions to any permanent workplace organizations, arguing they can become integrated into the functioning of capitalism . The AF advocates for prefigurative politics , out of a belief in a "strong correlation between means and ends", which rejects all politicians and political parties. It considers participation in representative democracy to be "ceding political power to someone or some party", and thus favors direct action over electoralism . It further went on to claim that Members of Parliament inevitably become corrupted by power and distant from their own communities. Anarcho-communism Anarchist communism
1702-508: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anarchist Federation . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anarchist_Federation&oldid=1181034400 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Political party disambiguation pages Anarchist Federations Hidden categories: Short description
1748-479: The state. By this time, the Marxists of the IWA had begun to denounce their anti-authoritarian opponents as "anarchists", a label previously adopted by Proudhon and Déjacque and later accepted by the anti-authoritarians themselves. Following the defeat of the Paris Commune in 1871, the IWA split over questions of socialist economics and the means of bringing about a classless society . Karl Marx , who favoured
1794-751: The time of the miners' strike of 1984–1985 , which had drawn many new people to anarchism and caused a number of anarchist organizations to spring up in the wake of Class War . In 1984, a number of former members of the Libertarian Communist Group established the Libertarian Communist Discussion Group (LCDG), drawing inspiration from texts such as the Platform by Nestor Makhno and the Manifesto of Libertarian Communism by Georges Fontenis . The LCDG then began to collaborate with
1840-443: The trade unionist Eugène Varlin , the radicals advocated for a "non-authoritarian communism", which upheld the commune as the base social unit and advocated for the universal access to education . It was the entry of Mikhail Bakunin into the IWA that first infused the federalists with a programme of revolutionary socialism and anti-statism , which agitated for workers' self-management and direct action against capitalism and
1886-476: The universal satisfaction of needs, Déjacque saw the need for the abolition of forced labour through workers' self-management , and the abolition of the division of labour through integrating the proletariat and the intelligentsia into a single class. In order to achieve this vision of a communist society, he proposed a transitionary period of in which direct democracy and direct exchange would be upheld, positions of state would undergo democratization , and
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1932-574: The workers, which he saw expressed during the June Days uprising , against the representative politics of governmentalism. Opposed not just to government, but to all forms of oppression , Déjacque advocated for a social revolution to abolish the state, as well as religion, the nuclear family and private property. In their place, Déjacque upheld a form of anarchy based on the free distribution of resources. Déjacque particularly focused his critique on private commerce, such as that espoused by Proudhon and
1978-607: Was accompanied by an anti-organisational tendency, and its partisans declared themselves in favor of agitation amongst the unemployed for the expropriation of foodstuffs and other articles, for the expropriatory strike and, in some cases, for ' individual recuperation ' or acts of terrorism." Even after Peter Kropotkin and others overcame their initial reservations and decided to enter labor unions , anti-syndicalist anarchist-communists remained, such as Sébastien Faure 's Le Libertaire group and Russian partisans of economic terrorism and expropriations. Most anarchist publications in
2024-526: Was founded by the Neo-Babouvists of the journal L'Humanitaire , who drew from the "anti-political and anarchist ideas" of Sylvain Maréchal . The foundations of anarcho-communism were laid by Théodore Dézamy in his 1843 work Code de la Communauté , which was formulated as a critique of Étienne Cabet 's utopian socialism . In his Code , Dézamy advocated the abolition of money , the division of labour and
2070-494: Was quick to express his support for anarchist communism, at a meeting of the Anti-Authoritarian International in Lausanne the following month. James Guillaume 's August 1876 pamphlet, Ideas on Social Organisation , outlined a proposal by which the collective ownership of the means of production could be used in order to transition towards a communist society . Guillaume considered a necessary prerequisite for communism would be
2116-400: Was then in the process of formation (general Social Democratisation ). They were opposed not only to political (statist) struggles but also to strikes which put forward wage or other claims, or which were organised by trade unions." However, "[w]hile they were not opposed to strikes as such, they were opposed to trade unions and the struggle for the eight-hour day . This anti-reformist tendency
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