153-481: The American Cinematheque is an independent, non-profit cultural organization in Los Angeles, California , United States that represents the public presentation of the moving image in all its forms. The Cinematheque was created in 1981 as an offshoot of the annual Filmex Los Angeles Film Festival. The Cinematheque launched its first series of screenings in 1987. It presents festivals and retrospectives that screen
306-457: A nonbusiness entity , nonprofit institution , or simply a nonprofit , is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, as opposed to an entity that operates as a business aiming to generate a profit for its owners. A nonprofit organization is subject to the non-distribution constraint: any revenues that exceed expenses must be committed to the organization's purpose, not taken by private parties. Depending on
459-563: A telepathic crystal skull . Principal photography was complete in October 2007, and the film was released on May 22, 2008. This was his first film not released by DreamWorks since 1997. The film received generally favorable reviews from critics, but some fans were disappointed by the introduction of science fiction elements which were uncharacteristic of the previous films. Writing for The Age , Tom Ryan praised Spielberg and George Lucas for their realistic 1950s setting—"The energy on display
612-610: A wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs. In a departure from his usual order of planning, Spielberg and the designers storyboarded certain sequences from the novel early on. The film also used computer-generated imagery provided by Industrial Light & Magic ; Jurassic Park was completed on time and became the highest-grossing film at the time, and won three Academy Awards. The film's dominance during its theatrical run, as well as Spielberg's $ 250 million salary, made him self-conscious of his own success. Also in 1993, Spielberg directed Schindler's List , about Oskar Schindler ,
765-399: A "real boy". Critics thought Spielberg directed with "sentimentality", and Ebert wrote, "Here is one of the most ambitious films of recent years [...] but it miscalculates in asking us to invest our emotions in a character, a machine." The film won five Saturn Awards and grossed $ 236 million worldwide. Jonathan Rosenbaum highly praised the film: "If A.I. Artificial Intelligence —
918-472: A 140-minute science fiction film, Firelight , the basis of Close Encounters of the Third Kind . Firelight , funded mainly by his father, was shown in a local theater for one evening and grossed $ 501 against its $ 500 budget. After taking a tour bus to Universal Studios , a chance conversation with an executive led to Spielberg getting a three-day pass to the premises. On the fourth day, he walked up to
1071-462: A break from directing to spend more time with his family, and set up his new film studio, DreamWorks , with Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen . After his hiatus, he returned to directing with a sequel to Jurassic Park , The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). A loose adaptation of Michael Crichton's novel The Lost World , the plot follows mathematician Ian Malcolm ( Jeff Goldblum ) and his researchers who study dinosaurs at Jurassic Park which
1224-404: A brother of Theta Chi Fraternity . In 1968, Universal gave Spielberg the opportunity to write and direct a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute 35 mm Amblin' . Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. A year later, he dropped out of college to begin directing television productions for Universal, making him
1377-515: A businessman who helped save 1,100 Jews from the Holocaust . Based on Schindler's Ark , Spielberg waited ten years to make the film as he did not feel "mature" enough. He wanted to embrace his heritage, and after the birth of his son, Max, he said that "it greatly affected me [...] A spirit began to ignite in me, and I became a Jewish dad". Filming commenced on March 1, 1993, in Poland, while Spielberg
1530-402: A cast of classmates. The film won first prize in a statewide competition. Throughout his early teens, and after entering high school, Spielberg made about fifteen to twenty 8 mm adventure films. He recalls that my dad told me stories about World War II constantly... I knew, based on the stories my dad and his friends were telling about World War II, that there was no glory in war. And it
1683-524: A chance with Spielberg, giving him the opportunity to direct Jaws (1975), a thriller based on Peter Benchley 's bestseller . In it, a great white shark attacks beachgoers at a summer resort town , prompting police chief Martin Brody ( Roy Scheider ) to hunt it down with the help of a marine biologist ( Richard Dreyfuss ) and a veteran shark hunter ( Robert Shaw ). Jaws was the first movie shot on open ocean, so shooting proved difficult, especially when
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#17328482746011836-424: A delegate structure to allow for the representation of groups or corporations as members. Alternatively, it may be a non-membership organization and the board of directors may elect its own successors. The two major types of nonprofit organization are membership and board-only. A membership organization elects the board and has regular meetings and the power to amend the bylaws. A board-only organization typically has
1989-512: A family with." Thomson writes that "At first sight, the Spielberg of the eighties may seem more an impresario—or a studio, even—then a director." Between 1984 and 1990, Spielberg served as producer or executive producer on nineteen feature films for his production company, Amblin Entertainment . Among them were Gremlins ( Joe Dante , 1984), The Goonies ( Richard Donner , 1985), Back to
2142-464: A film about UFOs , Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). Spielberg used 65 mm film for the best picture quality, and a new live-action recording system so that the recordings could be duplicated later. He cast one of his favorite directors, François Truffaut , as the scientist Claude Lacombe and worked with special effects expert Douglas Trumbull . It marked the first of many collaborations between Spielberg and editor Michael Kahn . One of
2295-490: A film whose split personality is apparent even in its two-part title — is as much a Kubrick movie as a Spielberg one, this is in large part because it defamiliarizes Spielberg, makes him strange. Yet it also defamiliarizes Kubrick, with equally ambiguous results — making his unfamiliarity familiar. Both filmmakers should be credited for the results—Kubrick for proposing that Spielberg direct the project and Spielberg for doing his utmost to respect Kubrick's intentions while making it
2448-554: A fiscally viable entity. Nonprofits have the responsibility of focusing on being professional and financially responsible, replacing self-interest and profit motive with mission motive. Though nonprofits are managed differently from for-profit businesses, they have felt pressure to be more businesslike. To combat private and public business growth in the public service industry, nonprofits have modeled their business management and mission, shifting their reason of existing to establish sustainability and growth. Setting effective missions
2601-457: A generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America. It was Spielberg's first film on a dramatic subject matter, and he expressed reservations about tackling the project: "It's the risk of being judged-and accused of not having the sensibility to do character studies." Starring Whoopi Goldberg and Oprah Winfrey , the film was a box office hit and critics started to take note of Spielberg's foray into drama. Ebert named it
2754-452: A group of investigators who try to prevent crimes before they are committed. The film received critical acclaim. Ebert named Minority Report the best film of 2002, praising its craftsmanship writing, "here is Spielberg using every trick in the book and matching them without seams, so that no matter how he's achieving his effects, the focus is always on the story and the characters... Some directors place their trust in technology. Spielberg, who
2907-675: A loose adaptation of Brian Aldiss 's short story " Supertoys Last All Summer Long " (1969). Stanley Kubrick had bought the rights to the story in 1979 and worked on an adaptation for years. He told Spielberg about the project in 1984 and suggested that he direct, believing the story was closer to his sensibilities. In 1999, Kubrick died. Spielberg decided to direct A.I. and wrote the screenplay himself. Spielberg tried to be faithful to Kubrick's vision and made several allusions to his friend's work though with mixed results according to some critics. The plot revolves around an android , David ( Haley Joel Osment ) who, like Pinocchio , dreams of being
3060-471: A low-stress work environment that the employee can associate him or herself positively with. Other incentives that should be implemented are generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours. When selecting a domain name , NPOs often use one of the following: .org , the country code top-level domain of their respective country, or the .edu top-level domain (TLD), to differentiate themselves from more commercial entities, which typically use .com . In
3213-575: A more straightforward approach. His initial contributions received mixed responses, leading Spielberg to briefly step back from studio work. Crawford, reflecting on her collaboration with Spielberg, recognized his potential, noting his unique intuitive inspiration. She expressed her appreciation for Spielberg's talent in a note to him and also communicated her approval to Serling. Crawford's endorsement highlighted Spielberg's early recognition in Hollywood despite initial hesitations regarding his experience. In
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#17328482746013366-468: A movie before, and thought they were taking him to the circus. He was terrified by the movie's train crash, and at age 12, he recreated it with his Lionel trains and filmed it. He recalls: "The trains went around and around, and after a while that got boring, and I had this eight-millimeter camera, and I staged a train wreck and filmed it. That was hard on the trains, but then I could cut the film lots of different ways and look at it over and over again." This
3519-503: A nine and now it's a six. And that's really how I learned my numbers for the first time... the irony of all that, and the gift of that lesson, never really dawned on me until I was much older. In early 1957, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona . Spielberg had a bar mitzvah ceremony when he was thirteen. His family was involved in the synagogue and had many Jewish friends. Of the Holocaust , he said that his parents "talked about it all
3672-457: A nonprofit entity without having tax-exempt status. Key aspects of nonprofits are accountability, integrity, trustworthiness, honesty, and openness to every person who has invested time, money, and faith into the organisation. Nonprofit organizations are accountable to the donors, founders, volunteers, program recipients, and the public community. Theoretically, for a nonprofit that seeks to finance its operations through donations, public confidence
3825-507: A perfect logical loophole. The Terminal is like a sunny Kakfa story, in which it is the citizen who persecutes the bureaucracy." The titular terminal was a real set built by Alex McDowell . In 2005, Spielberg directed War of the Worlds , a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks, based on H. G. Wells 's novel of the same name ; Spielberg had been a fan of the book and of George Pal 's 1953 film . Starring Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning ,
3978-407: A profoundly personal work." A. O. Scott called it "the best fairy tale–the most disturbing, complex and intellectually challenging boy's adventure story–Mr. Spielberg has made" and chose it as the best film of the year and one of the best of the decade. Spielberg followed A.I. with the sci-fi neo-noir Minority Report (2002), based on Philip K. Dick 's short story of the same name about
4131-684: A self-selected board and a membership whose powers are limited to those delegated to it by the board. A board-only organization's bylaws may even state that the organization does not have any membership, although the organization's literature may refer to its donors or service recipients as 'members'; examples of such organizations are FairVote and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws . The Model Nonprofit Corporation Act imposes many complexities and requirements on membership decision-making. Accordingly, many organizations, such as
4284-471: A strong vision of how to operate the project, try to retain control of the organization, even as new employees or volunteers want to expand the project's scope or change policy. Resource mismanagement is a particular problem with NPOs because the employees are not accountable to anyone who has a direct stake in the organization. For example, an employee may start a new program without disclosing its complete liabilities. The employee may be rewarded for improving
4437-470: A true story about a married couple on the run, desperate to regain custody of their baby from foster parents. The film starred Goldie Hawn and William Atherton and marked the first of many collaborations with the composer John Williams . Although the film was awarded Best Screenplay at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival , it was not a commercial success, which Spielberg blamed on Universal's inconsistent marketing. The film opened in four hundred theaters in
4590-578: A wide diversity of structures and purposes. For legal classification, there are, nevertheless, some elements of importance: Some of the above must be (in most jurisdictions in the US at least) expressed in the organization's charter of establishment or constitution. Others may be provided by the supervising authority at each particular jurisdiction. While affiliations will not affect a legal status, they may be taken into consideration by legal proceedings as an indication of purpose. Most countries have laws that regulate
4743-399: Is a factor in the amount of money that a nonprofit organization is able to raise. Supposedly, the more a nonprofit focuses on their mission, the more public confidence they will gain. This will result in more money for the organization. The activities a nonprofit is partaking in can help build the public's confidence in nonprofits, as well as how ethical the standards and practices are. There
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4896-461: Is a key for the successful management of nonprofit organizations. There are three important conditions for effective mission: opportunity, competence, and commitment. One way of managing the sustainability of nonprofit organizations is to establish strong relations with donor groups. This requires a donor marketing strategy, something many nonprofits lack. Nonprofit organizations provide public goods that are undersupplied by government. NPOs have
5049-462: Is a magnificent film." Ebert wrote "Spielberg knows how to make audiences weep better than any director since Chaplin in City Lights . But weeping is an incomplete response, letting the audience off the hook. This film embodies ideas. After the immediate experience begins to fade, the implications remain and grow." Spielberg returned to science fiction with A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001),
5202-515: Is a master of technology, trusts only story and character, and then uses everything else as a workman uses his tools." However, critic Todd McCarthy thought there was not enough action. The film earned over $ 358 million worldwide. Also in 2002, he released Catch Me If You Can , based on the autobiography of con-artist Frank Abagnale . Leonardo DiCaprio played Abangale; Christopher Walken and Hanks also starred. Spielberg said, "I have always loved movies about sensational rogues—they break
5355-558: Is an American filmmaker. A major figure of the New Hollywood era and pioneer of the modern blockbuster , Spielberg is widely regarded as one of the greatest film directors of all time and is the most commercially successful director in film history . He is the recipient of many accolades , including three Academy Awards , two BAFTA Awards , and four Golden Globe Awards as well as the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1995,
5508-500: Is an adaptation of J. G. Ballard 's autobiographical novel about Jamie Graham ( Christian Bale ), a young boy who goes from being the son of a wealthy British family in Shanghai to a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp during World War II . David Lean was originally set to direct, with Spielberg producing. It was written by playwright Tom Stoppard and co-starred John Malkovich as an American expatriate. Critical reaction
5661-439: Is an important distinction in the US between non-profit and not-for-profit organizations (NFPOs); while an NFPO does not profit its owners, and money goes into running the organization, it is not required to operate for the public good. An example is a club, whose purpose is its members' enjoyment. Other examples of NFPOs include: credit unions, sports clubs, and advocacy groups. Nonprofit organizations provide services to
5814-414: Is an important distinction in the US between non-profit and not-for-profit organizations (NFPOs); while an NFPO does not profit its owners, and money goes into running the organization, it is not required to operate for the public good. An example is a sports club, whose purpose is its members' enjoyment. The names used and precise regulations vary from one jurisdiction to another. According to
5967-543: Is ancient and otherworldly but friendly, humorous. And this scaly, wrinkled little man with huge, wide-apart, soulful eyes and a jack-in-the-box neck has been so fully created that he's a friend to us, too; when he speaks of his longing to go home the audience becomes as mournful as Elliot. Spielberg has earned the tears that some people in the audience—and not just children—shed. Genuinely entrancing movies are almost as rare as extraterrestrial visitors." Spielberg co-wrote and produced Poltergeist ( Tobe Hooper , 1982), released
6120-541: Is concerned. In many countries, nonprofits may apply for tax-exempt status, so that the organization itself may be exempt from income tax and other taxes. In the United States, to be exempt from federal income taxes, the organization must meet the requirements set forth in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Granting nonprofit status is done by the state, while granting tax-exempt designation (such as IRC 501(c) )
6273-450: Is granted by the federal government via the IRS. This means that not all nonprofits are eligible to be tax-exempt. For example, employees of non-profit organizations pay taxes from their salaries, which they receive according to the laws of the country. NPOs use the model of a double bottom line in that furthering their cause is more important than making a profit, though both are needed to ensure
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6426-423: Is impressive". It was a box office success, grossing $ 790 million worldwide. Starting in 2009, Spielberg shot the first film in a planned trilogy of motion capture films based on Hergé 's The Adventures of Tintin . Spielberg had long been a fan of the comics, and per Michael Farr , Hergé "thought Spielberg was the only person who could ever do Tintin justice." The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of
6579-418: Is like a magician whose tricks are so daring they make you laugh. He creates an atmosphere of happy disbelief: the more breathtaking and exhilarating the stunts are the funnier they are. Nobody has ever fused thrills and laughter in quite the way that he does here. He starts off at full charge in the opening sequence and just keeps going". She conceded that it was less "sincere" than Raiders , adding "that's what
6732-408: Is not classifiable as another category. Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org, so one can find organizations of all sorts in either of those domains, as well as other top-level domains including newer, more specific ones which may apply to particular sorts of organization including .museum for museums and .coop for cooperatives . Organizations might also register by
6885-461: Is on an island and are confronted by another team with a different agenda. Spielberg wanted the onscreen creatures to be more realistic than in the first film; he used 3D storyboards, computer imagery and robotic puppets. Budgeted at $ 73 million, The Lost World: Jurassic Park opened in May 1997 and was one of the highest grossing films of the year . The Village Voice critic opined that The Lost World
7038-481: Is one of the AFI 's 100 best American films ever made . Ebert wrote, " Flaubert once wrote that he disliked Uncle Tom's Cabin because the author was constantly preaching against slavery. 'Does one have to make observations about slavery?' he asked. 'Depict it; that's enough.' And then he added, 'An author in his book must be like God in the universe, present everywhere and visible nowhere.' That would describe Spielberg,
7191-423: Is so good about it." On this project Spielberg met his future wife, Kate Capshaw , who played Willie Scott. Spielberg recalled, "The second film I could have done a lot better if there had been a different story. It was a good learning exercise for me to really throw myself into a black hole. I came out of the darkness of Temple Of Doom and I entered the light of the woman I was eventually going to marry and raise
7344-546: Is stranded in John F. Kennedy International Airport . It features Catherine Zeta-Jones as a flight attendant and Stanley Tucci as a customs and immigration official. Ebert wrote of Viktor's predicament: "The immigration service, and indeed the American legal system, has no way of dealing with him because Viktor does not do, or fail to do, any of the things the system is set up to prevent him from doing, or not doing. He has slipped through
7497-625: Is the highest attended genre film festival in the U.S. For the last 22 years, the Cinematheque has partnered with the Film Noir Foundation on its longest running festival, Noir City: Hollywood, that celebrates the history of film noir. Nitrate Nights, one of The American Cinematheque's newer film festivals, offers rare chances to see films on 35mm nitrate film base, a format abandoned in the early 1950s due to its highly flammable quality. After being retrofitted to project nitrate safely in 2016,
7650-411: Is the remuneration package, though many who have been questioned after leaving an NPO have reported that it was stressful work environments and the workload. Public- and private-sector employment have, for the most part, been able to offer more to their employees than most nonprofit agencies throughout history. Either in the form of higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work,
7803-472: Is unique in which source of income works best for them. With an increase in NPOs since 2010, organizations have adopted competitive advantages to create revenue for themselves to remain financially stable. Donations from private individuals or organizations can change each year and government grants have diminished. With changes in funding from year to year, many nonprofit organizations have been moving toward increasing
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#17328482746017956-533: The Academy Award for Best Director for the latter and the World War II epic Saving Private Ryan (1998). Spielberg has since directed the science fiction films A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), Minority Report (2002), and War of the Worlds (2005); the historical dramas Amistad (1997), Munich (2005), War Horse (2011), Lincoln (2012), Bridge of Spies (2015) and The Post (2017);
8109-847: The Directors Guild of America theater and the Raleigh Studios complex in Hollywood. In December 1998, it opened its own permanent home at the Egyptian in Hollywood , and in 2004 added a second theater, the Aero Theatre , in Santa Monica . It now presents festivals, retrospectives, and assorted programs at these two theaters. In 1998, the American Cinematheque completed a major $ 12.8 million renovation of Grauman's Egyptian Theatre that restored
8262-487: The Distinguished Public Service Medal from Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen . Thomson writes " Ryan changed war films: combat, shock, wounds, and fear had never been so graphically presented; and yet there was also a true sense of what duties and ideas had felt like in 1944. I disliked the framing device. I would have admired a director who trusted us to get there without that. Never mind— Ryan
8415-1169: The Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 2001, the Kennedy Center Honor in 2006, the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2009 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio , and grew up in Phoenix, Arizona . He moved to California and studied film in college. After directing several episodes for television, including Night Gallery and Columbo , he directed
8568-715: The National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS), there are more than 1.5 million nonprofit organizations registered in the United States , including public charities , private foundations , and other nonprofit organizations. Private charitable contributions increased for the fourth consecutive year in 2017 (since 2014), at an estimated $ 410.02 billion. Out of these contributions, religious organizations received 30.9%, education organizations received 14.3%, and human services organizations received 12.1%. Between September 2010 and September 2014, approximately 25.3% of Americans over
8721-602: The Netflix documentary series Five Came Back , about the war-related works of directors Frank Capra , John Ford , John Huston , George Stevens and William Wyler . Spielberg was also an executive producer. Spielberg directed the science fiction Ready Player One (2018), adapted from the novel of the same name by Ernest Cline . It stars Tye Sheridan , Olivia Cooke , Ben Mendelsohn , Lena Waithe , T.J. Miller , Simon Pegg , and Mark Rylance. The plot takes place in 2045 when much of humanity uses virtual reality to escape
8874-587: The Wikimedia Foundation , have formed board-only structures. The National Association of Parliamentarians has generated concerns about the implications of this trend for the future of openness, accountability, and understanding of public concerns in nonprofit organizations. Specifically, they note that nonprofit organizations, unlike business corporations, are not subject to market discipline for products and shareholder discipline of their capital; therefore, without membership control of major decisions such as
9027-769: The Cinematheque has since partnered with such film archives as the George Eastman Museum , the Library of Congress , the Academy Film Archive and the UCLA Film and Television Archive to bring rare archival prints to the screen for the public. The Cinematheque also partners annually with the Hollywood Foreign Press Association to present the Golden Globe Foreign-Language Nominees Series, which includes screenings of
9180-499: The Extra-Terrestrial (1982). It tells the story of Elliot ( Henry Thomas ), a young boy who befriends an alien who was accidentally left behind by his companions and is attempting to return home. Spielberg eschewed storyboards so that his direction would be more spontaneous, and shot roughly in sequence so that the actors' performances would be authentic as they bonded with and said goodbye to E.T. Richard Corliss wrote, "This
9333-560: The Future ( Robert Zemeckis , 1985), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (Zemeckis, 1988), Joe Versus the Volcano ( John Patrick Shanley , 1990) and Arachnophobia ( Frank Marshall , 1990). In the early 1980s, Spielberg befriended Warner Communications CEO Steve Ross eventually resulting in Spielberg making films for Warner Bros. It began with The Color Purple (1985), an adaptation of Alice Walker 's Pulitzer Prize -winning novel , about
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#17328482746019486-452: The Future (1985), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) and Band of Brothers (2001). He has had a long collaboration with the composer John Williams , with whom he has worked for all but five of his feature films. Several of Spielberg's works are considered among the greatest films in history, and some are among the highest-grossing films ever. In 2013, Time listed him as one of the 100 most influential people, and in 2023, Spielberg
9639-523: The Lost Ark is an out-of-body experience, a movie of glorious imagination and breakneck speed that grabs you in the first shot, hurtles you through a series of incredible adventures, and deposits you back in reality two hours later–breathless, dizzy, wrung-out, and with a silly grin on your face". Raiders was the first film in the Indiana Jones franchise. Spielberg returned to science fiction with E.T.
9792-576: The Monsters! (1956), David Lean 's Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962) ("the film that set me on my journey"), Alfred Hitchcock 's The Birds (1963) and Stanley Kubrick 's Dr. Strangelove (1964) and 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) ("I'm still living off the adrenalin that... I experienced watching that film for the first time.") He attended Arcadia High School in 1961 for three years. In 1963, he wrote and directed
9945-452: The NPO's reputation, making other employees happy, and attracting new donors. Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization but not recorded anywhere constitute accounting fraud . But even indirect liabilities negatively affect the financial sustainability of the NPO, and the NPO will have financial problems unless strict controls are instated. Some commenters have argued that
10098-563: The Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. It was written by Matt Charman and the Coen brothers , and starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance , Amy Ryan and Alan Alda . It was filmed in the fall of 2014 in New York City, Berlin and Wroclaw , and was released on October 16. Bridge of Spies was popular with critics, and
10251-785: The Sun was one of his most enjoyable films to make. Thomson called it "a great work through and through" and "the first clear sign that Spielberg the showman was an artist, too." In 1989, Spielberg intended to direct Rain Man , but instead directed Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade to meet his contractual obligations. Producer Lucas and star Ford returned for the film. A longtime James Bond fan, Spielberg cast Sean Connery as Jones's father, Henry Jones, Sr . Due to complaints about violence in Temple of Doom , Spielberg returned to more family-friendly fare for
10404-403: The US to positive reviews; Pauline Kael wrote "Spielberg uses his gifts in a very free-and-easy, American way—for humor, and for a physical response to action. He could be that rarity among directors, a born entertainer—perhaps a new generation's Howard Hawks ." The Hollywood Reporter wrote that "a major new director is on the horizon." Producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown took
10557-701: The Unicorn was co-produced by Peter Jackson and premiered in Brussels , Belgium. The film was released in North American theaters on December 21, 2011, in Digital 3D and IMAX . It received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $ 373 million worldwide. The Adventures of Tintin won Best Animated Feature at the 69th Golden Globe Awards . Spielberg followed Tintin with War Horse , shot in England in
10710-461: The age of 16 volunteered for a nonprofit. In the United States, both nonprofit organizations and not-for-profit organizations are tax-exempt. There are various types of nonprofit exemptions, such as 501(c)(3) organizations that are a religious, charitable, or educational-based organization that does not influence state and federal legislation, and 501(c)(7) organizations that are for pleasure, recreation, or another nonprofit purpose. There
10863-452: The age of movies." His next directorial work was 1941 (1979), an action-comedy written by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale about Californians preparing for a Japanese invasion after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Spielberg was self-conscious about doing comedy as he had no prior experience in the genre. Universal and Columbia agreed to co-finance the film. 1941 grossed over $ 92.4 million worldwide upon release, but most critics, and
11016-649: The appropriate country code top-level domain for their country. In 2020, nonprofit organizations began using microvlogging (brief videos with short text formats) on TikTok to reach Gen Z, engage with community stakeholders, and overall build community. TikTok allowed for innovative engagement between nonprofit organizations and younger generations. During COVID-19, TikTok was specifically used to connect rather than inform or fundraise, as its fast-paced, tailored For You Page separates itself from other social media apps such as Facebook and Twitter. Some organizations offer new, positive-sounding alternative terminology to describe
11169-424: The author of this film. He depicts the evil of the Holocaust, and he tells an incredible story of how it was robbed of some of its intended victims. He does so without the tricks of his trade, the directorial and dramatic contrivances that would inspire the usual melodramatic payoffs. Spielberg is not visible in this film. But his restraint and passion are present in every shot." Filmmaker Claude Lanzmann , criticized
11322-451: The best film of the year. The film also received eleven Academy Award nominations, and Spielberg won Best Director from the Directors Guild of America . The film was produced and scored by Quincy Jones . As China underwent economic reform and opened up to the American film industry, Spielberg made Empire of the Sun (1987), the first American film shot in Shanghai since the 1930s. It
11475-401: The best of the newly minted workforce. It has been mentioned that most nonprofits will never be able to match the pay of the private sector and therefore should focus their attention on benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments. A good environment is ranked higher than salary and pressure of work. NPOs are encouraged to pay as much as they are able and offer
11628-422: The best of worldwide cinema, video, and television from the past and present, ranging from the classics to the outer frontiers of the art form. Cinematheque also provides a forum where film lovers and students can learn from established filmmakers, actors, writers, editors, cinematographers, and others about their craft. Between 1987 and 1998, the Cinematheque presented its programs at a variety of venues, including
11781-412: The box office, it earned over $ 300 million worldwide from a $ 70 million budget. In 1993, Spielberg returned to the adventure genre with Jurassic Park , based on Michael Crichton 's bestseller , with a screenplay by Crichton and David Koepp . Jurassic Park is set on a fictional island near Costa Rica , where a businessman ( Richard Attenborough ) has hired a team of geneticists to create
11934-518: The box office; Spielberg admitted that Amistad "became too much of a history lesson." Spielberg's 1998 release was World War II epic Saving Private Ryan , about a group of US soldiers led by Captain Miller ( Tom Hanks ) sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours of the Normandy landing. Filming took place in England, and US Marine Dale Dye
12087-872: The camera and the puppet spaceman with the feelings of—it has to be called love—expressed in young Henry Thomas' yearning face. E.T. was the first film character to be a finalist in TIME’s Man of the Year sweepstakes. It would have been fine with me if the little creature, this lovely film, had won." A special screening was organized for Ronald and Nancy Reagan , who were emotional by the end. E.T. grossed $ 700 million worldwide. It won four Academy Awards: Best Original Score (John Williams), Best Sound ( Robert Knudson , Robert Glass , Don Digirolamo and Gene Cantamessa ), Best Sound Editing ( Charles L. Campbell and Ben Burtt) and Best Visual Effects ( Carlo Rambaldi , Dennis Muren and Kenneth F. Smith ). Kael wrote of E.T., "His voice
12240-405: The comedy The Terminal (2004); the animated film The Adventures of Tintin (2011); the musical West Side Story (2021); and the semi-autobiographical drama The Fabelmans (2022). Spielberg co-founded Amblin Entertainment and DreamWorks , and he has served as a producer for many successful films and television series, among them Poltergeist (1982), Gremlins (1984), Back to
12393-565: The community; for example aid and development programs, medical research, education, and health services. It is possible for a nonprofit to be both member-serving and community-serving. Nonprofit organizations are not driven by generating profit, but they must bring in enough income to pursue their social goals. Nonprofits are able to raise money in different ways. This includes income from donations from individual donors or foundations; sponsorship from corporations; government funding; programs, services or merchandise sales, and investments. Each NPO
12546-502: The creation of the PG-13 rating because some content was deemed unsuitable for children under 13. Spielberg later said that he was unhappy with Temple of Doom because it lacked his "personal touches and love". Nonetheless, the film was a blockbuster hit, won the Academy Award for Best Special Effects and received mostly good reviews. Kael preferred it to the original, writing, "Spielberg
12699-415: The dinner break, when everybody was eating and not learning, he would point to the numbers. And he would say, that is a two, and that is a four. And then he'd say, and this is a eight, and that's a one. And I'll never forget this. And he said, and that's a nine. And then he crooked his arm and inverted his arm and said, and see, it becomes a six. It's magic. And now it's a nine, and now it's a six, and now it's
12852-403: The direction: "Against the odds, Spielberg makes something genuinely exciting of the backstage wheedling." It was announced on May 2, 2013, that Spielberg would direct American Sniper , but he left the project before production began. Instead, he directed Bridge of Spies (2015), a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident , and focusing on James B. Donovan 's negotiations with
13005-402: The diversity of their funding sources. For example, many nonprofits that have relied on government grants have started fundraising efforts to appeal to individual donors. Most nonprofits have staff that work for the company, possibly using volunteers to perform the nonprofit's services under the direction of the paid staff. Nonprofits must be careful to balance the salaries paid to staff against
13158-487: The early 1970s, Spielberg unsuccessfully tried to raise financing for his own low-budget films. He co-wrote and directed teleplays for Marcus Welby, M.D. , The Name of the Game , Columbo , Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law and The Psychiatrist . Although unsatisfied with his work, Spielberg used the opportunity to experiment with his techniques and learn about filmmaking. He earned good reviews and impressed producers; he
13311-432: The election of the board, there are few inherent safeguards against abuse. A rebuttal to this might be that as nonprofit organizations grow and seek larger donations, the degree of scrutiny increases, including expectations of audited financial statements. A further rebuttal might be that NPOs are constrained, by their choice of legal structure, from financial benefit as far as distribution of profit to members and directors
13464-513: The elements into a roller coaster entertainment without sacrificing inner meanings. The suspense of the picture came from meticulous technique and good humor about its own surgical cutting. You have only to submit to the travesty of Jaws 2 to realize how much more engagingly Spielberg saw the ocean, the perils, the sinister beauty of the shark, and the vitality of its human opponents. — Critic David Thompson After declining an offer to make Jaws 2 Spielberg and Dreyfuss reunited to work on
13617-408: The end. For one thing, under the credits the giant spaceship was returning to the stars. For another, they just didn’t want to leave this picture. For still another, they seemed to understand the importance of those many names to what they had just seen." Kauffmann placed it first on his list of the best American films from 1968 to 1977. Reviewing Close Encounters , Kael called Spielberg "a magician in
13770-513: The eponymous Captain Hook ( Dustin Hoffman ). During filming, the stars clashed on set; Spielberg told 60 Minutes that he would never work with Roberts again. Nominated for five Academy Awards, the studio enjoyed the film but most critics did not; Thomson called it "maudlin." Writing for The Washington Post , Desson Howe described the film as "too industrially organized", and thought it mundane. At
13923-475: The establishment and management of NPOs and that require compliance with corporate governance regimes. Most larger organizations are required to publish their financial reports detailing their income and expenditure publicly. In many aspects, they are similar to corporate business entities though there are often significant differences. Both not-for-profit and for-profit corporate entities must have board members, steering-committee members, or trustees who owe
14076-545: The film depicts the final four months of Lincoln's life. The film was shot in Richmond, Virginia in late 2011. and was released in the US in November 2012. Lincoln was acclaimed and earned more than $ 250 million worldwide. It was nominated for twelve Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, winning Best Production Design and Best Actor for Day-Lewis's performance. Donald Clarke from The Irish Times praised
14229-468: The film for its weak representation of the Holocaust. Imre Kertész , a Hungarian author and concentration camp survivor, also disliked the film, saying, "I regard as kitsch any representation of the Holocaust that is incapable of understanding or unwilling to understand the organic connection between our own deformed mode of life and the very possibility of the Holocaust." Thomson calls it "the most moving film I have ever seen." In 1994, Spielberg took
14382-411: The film is about an American dock worker who is forced to look after his children, from whom he lives separately, as he tries to protect and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade Earth. Spielberg used storyboards to help the actors react to computer imagery that they could not see and used natural lighting and camerawork to avoid an "over stylized" science fiction picture. The film
14535-428: The help of community partners including Armenian Film Society and GALAS LGBTQ+ Armenian Society , hosted "Three Homelands: A Sergei Parajanov Retrospective ", focusing on the director's films about his three homelands: Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors ( Ukraine ), The Color of Pomegranates ( Armenia ), and The Legend of Suram Fortress and Ashik Kerib ( Georgia ). In addition to its year-round programs,
14688-544: The incident, sought advice from former president Bill Clinton , among others, before making the film because he did not want to cause further problems in the Middle East. Although the film garnered mostly positive reviews, some critics perceived it as anti-Semitic; it is one of Spielberg's most controversial films to date. Munich received five Academy Awards nominations: Best Picture, Best Film Editing, Best Score , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Director for Spielberg. It
14841-478: The kid who never wanted to grow up, and she sort of saw herself that way. I think my mom lived a lot of childhoods in her ninety-seven years." He was not interested in academics, aspiring only to be a filmmaker. He applied to the University of Southern California 's film school but was turned down because of his mediocre grades. He then applied and enrolled at California State University, Long Beach , where he became
14994-401: The law, but you just have to love them for the moxie." The film was a critical and commercial success. Spielberg followed Catch Me If You Can with The Terminal (2004), a comedy loosely inspired by the true story of Mehran Karimi Nasseri and by Jacques Tati 's Playtime (1967). The film follows Viktor Navorski (Hanks), an Eastern European man who, after a coup in his home country,
15147-432: The local laws, charities are regularly organized as non-profits. A host of organizations may be nonprofit, including some political organizations, schools, hospitals, business associations, churches, foundations, social clubs, and consumer cooperatives. Nonprofit entities may seek approval from governments to be tax-exempt , and some may also qualify to receive tax-deductible contributions, but an entity may incorporate as
15300-455: The malfunctioning of the mechanical shark resulted in a better movie, as he had to find other ways to suggest the shark's presence. After seeing the unconventional camera techniques of Jaws , Alfred Hitchcock praised "young Spielberg" for thinking outside the visual dynamics of the theater: "He's the first one of us who doesn't see the proscenium arch". Like Coppola on The Godfather , Spielberg asserted his own role and deftly organized
15453-465: The mechanical shark malfunctioned. The shooting schedule overran by a hundred days, and Universal threatened to cancel production. Against expectations, Jaws was a success, setting the domestic box office record and making Spielberg a household name. It won Academy Awards for Best Film Editing ( Verna Fields ), Best Original Dramatic Score (John Williams) and Best Sound ( Robert Hoyt , Roger Heman , Earl Madery and John Carter ). Spielberg said
15606-459: The medium's most compelling spirals of suspense. The ordinariness of the Dennis Weaver character and the monstrous malignance of the truck confront one another with a narrative assurance that never needs to remind us of the element of fable." More TV films followed: Something Evil (1972) and Savage (1973). Spielberg made his theatrical debut with The Sugarland Express (1974), based on
15759-511: The money paid to provide services to the nonprofit's beneficiaries. Organizations whose salary expenses are too high relative to their program expenses may face regulatory scrutiny. A second misconception is that nonprofit organizations may not make a profit. Although the goal of nonprofits is not specifically to maximize profits, they still have to operate as a fiscally responsible business. They must manage their income (both grants and donations and income from services) and expenses so as to remain
15912-445: The nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and to some, NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do. While many established NPOs are well-funded and comparative to their public sector competitors, many more are independent and must be creative with which incentives they use to attract and maintain people. The initial interest for many
16065-425: The office?" Spielberg said he did. Ford pointed to a painting and asked, "Where's the horizon?" Spielberg said it was at the top. Ford asked him where it was in another painting. Spielberg said it was at the bottom. Ford said, "When you're able to distinguish the art of the horizon at the bottom of a frame or at the top of the frame, but not going right through the center of the frame, when you can appreciate why it's at
16218-411: The organization a fiduciary duty of loyalty and trust. A notable exception to this involves churches , which are often not required to disclose finances to anyone, including church members. In the United States, nonprofit organizations are formed by filing bylaws, articles of incorporation , or both in the state in which they expect to operate. The act of incorporation creates a legal entity enabling
16371-599: The organization presents the prestigious American Cinematheque Award annually to a filmmaker in recognition of contributions to the art form. In the 20 years since the award's inception, many major filmmakers have been honored, including directors such as Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese , Ron Howard , and Rob Reiner , producer Jerry Bruckheimer , and actors including Eddie Murphy , Bette Midler , Mel Gibson , Bruce Willis , Samuel L. Jackson , Denzel Washington , and Jodie Foster . American Cinematheque's distribution arm
16524-452: The organization to be treated as a distinct body (corporation) by law and to enter into business dealings, form contracts, and own property as individuals or for-profit corporations can. Nonprofits can have members, but many do not. The nonprofit may also be a trust or association of members. The organization may be controlled by its members who elect the board of directors , board of governors or board of trustees . A nonprofit may have
16677-508: The organization's sustainability. An advantage of nonprofits registered in the UK is that they benefit from some reliefs and exemptions. Charities and nonprofits are exempt from Corporation Tax as well as the trustees being exempt from Income Tax. There may also be tax relief available for charitable giving, via Gift Aid, monetary donations, and legacies. Founder's syndrome is an issue organizations experience as they expand. Dynamic founders, who have
16830-475: The original Indiana Jones trilogy (1981–89). He explored drama in The Color Purple (1985) and Empire of the Sun (1987). In 1993, Spielberg directed back-to-back blockbuster hits with the science fiction thriller Jurassic Park , the highest-grossing film ever at the time, and the Holocaust drama Schindler's List , which has often been listed as one of the greatest films ever made . He won
16983-567: The project, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan . During this period, Spielberg remained active as a producer. Spielberg returned to the Indiana Jones series in 2008 with the fourth installment, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull . Released nineteen years after Last Crusade , the film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones ( Harrison Ford ) against Soviet agents led by Irina Spalko ( Cate Blanchett ), searching for
17136-627: The project: "When I read the first draft of the script, this wasn't something that could wait three years or two years—this was a story I felt we needed to tell today." The film received a wide release on January 12, 2018. The Post gained positive reception; the critic from the Associated Press thought "Spielberg infuses every scene with tension and life and the grandeur of the ordinary that he's always been so good at conveying." In 2017, Spielberg and Paul Greengrass , Francis Ford Coppola , Guillermo del Toro and Lawrence Kasdan were featured in
17289-550: The public and private sectors have enjoyed an advantage over NPOs in attracting employees. Traditionally, the NPO has attracted mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause. Compounding the issue is that some NPOs do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally. This leads many young and driven employees to forego NPOs in favor of more stable employment. Today, however, nonprofit organizations are adopting methods used by their competitors and finding new means to retain their employees and attract
17442-456: The rare films both written and directed by Spielberg, Close Encounters was very popular with filmgoers and won Academy Awards for Best Cinematography ( Vilmos Zsigmond ) and Best Sound Effects Editing ( Frank Warner ). Stanley Kauffmann wrote: "I saw Close Encounters at its first public showing in New York, and most of the audience stayed on and on to watch the credits crawl lengthily at
17595-483: The receipt of significant funding from large for-profit corporations can ultimately alter the NPO's functions. A frequent measure of an NPO's efficiency is its expense ratio (i.e. expenditures on things other than its programs, divided by its total expenditures). Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that nonprofit organizations inevitably face, particularly for management positions. There are reports of major talent shortages in
17748-475: The romantic drama Always , about an aerial firefighter . It is a modern remake of one of Spielberg's favorite childhood films, A Guy Named Joe (1943). The story was personal; he said "As a child I was very frustrated, and maybe I saw my own parents [in A Guy Named Joe ]. I was also short of girlfriends. And it stuck with me." Spielberg had discussed the film with Dreyfuss back in 1975, with up to twelve drafts being written before filming commenced. Always
17901-570: The same summer as E.T. With John Landis , he co-produced the anthology film Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983), contributing the "Kick the Can" segment. His next feature film was the Raiders of the Lost Ark prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). Working again with Lucas and Ford, the film was shot in the United States, Sri Lanka and China. The film was darker than its predecessor, and led to
18054-407: The sector in its own terms, without relying on terminology used for the government or business sectors. However, use of terminology by a nonprofit of self-descriptive language that is not legally compliant risks confusing the public about nonprofit abilities, capabilities, and limitations. Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg ( / ˈ s p iː l b ɜːr ɡ / ; born December 18, 1946)
18207-558: The sector. The term civil society organization (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, including the Center for the Study of Global Governance . The term citizen sector organization (CSO) has also been advocated to describe the sector – as one of citizens, for citizens – by organizations including Ashoka: Innovators for the Public . Advocates argue that these terms describe
18360-424: The shock of this material seeming new. Raiders of the Lost Ark , now more than ever, seems a turning point in the cinema of escapist entertainment, and there was really no way Spielberg could make it new all over again. What he has done is to take many of the same elements, and apply all of his craft and sense of fun to make them work yet once again. And they do. Also in 1989, he reunited with Richard Dreyfuss for
18513-549: The shoot was difficult but Spielberg said that it helped him hone his business acumen. The film was a box office success and won Academy Awards for Best Art Direction ( Norman Reynolds , Leslie Dilley and Michael D. Ford ); Best Film Editing ( Michael Kahn ); Best Sound ( Bill Varney , Steve Maslow , Gregg Landaker and Roy Charman ); Best Sound Editing ( Ben Burtt and Richard L. Anderson ); and Best Visual Effects ( Richard Edlund , Kit West , Bruce Nicholson and Joe Johnston ). Roger Ebert wrote that, " Raiders of
18666-530: The studio gates without a pass, and the security guard waved him in: "I basically spent the next two months at Universal Studios... that was how I became an unofficial apprentice that summer." His family later moved to Saratoga, California , where he attended Saratoga High School . A year later, his parents divorced. Spielberg moved to Los Angeles to stay with his father, while his three sisters and mother remained in Saratoga. He recalls: My parents split up when I
18819-604: The studio heads, disliked it. Charles Champlin described 1941 as "the most conspicuous waste since the last major oil spill, which it somewhat resembles." Spielberg directed Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), with a screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan based on a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman . They considered it an homage to the serials of the 1930s and 1940s. It starred Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones and Karen Allen as Marion Ravenwood . Filmed in La Rochelle , Hawaii , Tunisia and Elstree Studios , England,
18972-484: The summer of 2010. It was released four days after Tintin , on December 25, 2011. The film is based on Michael Morpurgo 's 1982 novel of the same name and follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I . Distributed by Walt Disney Studios with whom DreamWorks made a distribution deal in 2009, War Horse was the first of four consecutive Spielberg films released by Disney. It had an acclaimed response from critics and
19125-404: The television film Duel (1971), his first full-length film which later received an international theatrical release. He made his theatrical debut with The Sugarland Express (1974) and became a household name with the summer blockbuster Jaws (1975). He directed more escapist box office successes with Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) and
19278-473: The theater's exterior, and added new film, video, and audio technology. In May 2020, Netflix became the owner of the theater. The Aero Theatre in Santa Monica is a 1940 landmark movie theater that has also been renovated by the American Cinematheque. The American Cinematheque is home to a number of annual film festivals, which cover diverse topics, genres, and international cinemas. Its annual Beyond Fest
19431-516: The third installment. Last Crusade received mostly positive reviews and was a box office success, earning $ 474 million; it was his biggest hit since E.T. Biographer Joseph McBride wrote that it was a comeback for Spielberg, and Spielberg acknowledged the amount he has learned from making the Indiana Jones series. Ebert wrote that, "If there is just a shade of disappointment after seeing this movie, it has to be because we will never again have
19584-412: The time, and so it was always on my mind." His father had lost between sixteen and twenty relatives in the Holocaust. Spielberg found it difficult accepting his heritage; he said: "It isn't something I enjoy admitting... but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by the outward perception of my parents' Jewish practices. I
19737-433: The top and why it's at the bottom, you might make a pretty good picture maker." Spielberg made his professional debut with "Eyes", a segment of Night Gallery (1969) scripted by Rod Serling and starring Joan Crawford . Initially, there was skepticism from Crawford and studio executives regarding Spielberg's inexperience. Despite Spielberg's efforts to implement advanced camerawork techniques, studio executives demanded
19890-486: The traditional domain noted in RFC 1591 , .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD. It is not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status, but encompasses anything that
20043-483: The works of Alfred Hitchcock and Stanley Kubrick , while Toronto Sun ' s Liz Braun thought that there were "moments of wonder and delight" but it was too long. A year later, Spielberg directed The Post , an account of The Washington Post 's printing of the Pentagon Papers . Starring Tom Hanks and Meryl Streep , production began in New York on May 30, 2017. Spielberg stated his attraction to
20196-500: The year's nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Every year, the series has culminated in a panel discussion symposium with the directors of the five nominated films. It has also presented Mods & Rockers Festival a festival of rock-culture films first presented in 1999. The Cinematheque also hosts a number of regular screening series year-round including: In 2024, American Cinematheque, with
20349-455: The youngest director to be signed to a long-term plan with a major Hollywood studio. Spielberg returned to Long Beach in 2002, where he presented Schindler's List to complete his Bachelor of Arts in Film and Electronic Media. He recalls a formative encounter with one of his favorite directors, John Ford , who said: "So they tell me you want to be a picture maker. You see those paintings around
20502-446: Was "better crafted but less fun" than the first film, while The Guardian wrote "It looks like a director on autopilot [...] The special effects brook no argument." Amistad (1997), his first film released under DreamWorks, was based on the true story of the events in 1839 aboard the slave ship La Amistad . Producer Debbie Allen , who had read the book Amistad I in 1978, thought Spielberg would be perfect to direct. Spielberg
20655-473: Was 15 or 16 years old, and I needed a special friend, and had to use my imagination to take me to places that felt good – that helped me move beyond the problems my parents were having, and that ended our family as a whole. And thinking about that time, I thought, an extraterrestrial character would be the perfect springboard to purge the pain of your parents' splitting up. He recalls his mother had "a huge adventurous personality. We always saw her as Peter Pan ,
20808-505: Was a box office hit grossing over $ 600 million worldwide. Spielberg's Munich (2005) is about the Israeli government's secret retaliation after eleven Israeli Olympic athletes were kidnapped and murdered in the 1972 Munich massacre . The film is based on Vengeance , a book by Canadian journalist George Jonas . It was previously adapted for the screen in the 1986 television film Sword of Gideon . Spielberg, who personally remembers
20961-504: Was commercially unsuccessful and received mixed reviews. Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, " Always is filled with big, sentimental moments, it lacks the intimacy to make any of this very moving." After a brief setback in which Spielberg felt "artistically stalled", he returned in 1991 with Hook , about a middle-aged Peter Pan ( Robin Williams ), who returns to Neverland and encounters Tinker Bell ( Julia Roberts ) and
21114-615: Was earning a steady income and relocated to Laurel Canyon , Los Angeles. Impressed, Universal signed Spielberg to do four television films. The first was Duel (1971), adapted from Richard Matheson 's short story of the same name, about a salesman ( Dennis Weaver ) being chased down a highway by a psychotic tanker truck driver. Impressed, executives decided to promote the film on television. Reviews were positive, and Universal asked Spielberg to shoot more scenes so that Duel could be released to international markets. "Deservedly so" writes David Thomson , "for it stands up as one of
21267-649: Was from Sudylkiv , and his grandfather Shmuel Spielberg was from Kamianets-Podilskyi . Spielberg has three younger sisters: Anne , Sue, and Nancy. In 1952, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey after his father was hired by RCA . Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis . At their home in Cincinnati, his grandmother taught English to Holocaust survivors. They, in turn, taught him numbers: One man in particular, I kept looking at his numbers–his number tattooed on his forearm... he started – you know, when–during
21420-432: Was hesitant taking on the project, afraid that it would be compared to Schindler's List , but he said, "I've never planned my career [...] In the end I do what I think I gotta do." Starring Morgan Freeman , Anthony Hopkins , Djimon Hounsou and Matthew McConaughey , Spielberg used Allen's ten years worth of research to reenact the difficult historical scenes. The film struggled to find an audience, and underperformed at
21573-484: Was hired to train the actors and keep them in character during the combat scenes. Halfway through filming, Spielberg reminded the cast that they were making a tribute to thank "your grandparents and my dad, who fought in [the war]". Upon release, critics praised the direction and its realistic portrayal of war. The film grossed a successful $ 481 million worldwide and Spielberg won a second Academy Award for Best Director. In August 1999, Spielberg and Hanks were awarded
21726-440: Was his first home movie. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout , eventually attaining the rank of Eagle Scout . He fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm Western , The Last Gunfight . Spielberg used his father's movie camera to make amateur features, and began taking the camera along on every Scout trip. At age 13, Spielberg made a 40-minute war film , Escape to Nowhere , with
21879-485: Was his sixth Best Director nomination, and fifth Best Picture nomination. In the mid-2000s, Spielberg scaled down his directing career and became more selective about film projects to undertake. In December 2005, he and his partners sold DreamWorks to media conglomerate Viacom (now known as Paramount Global ). The sale was finalized in February 2006. In June 2006, Spielberg planned to make Interstellar , but abandoned
22032-456: Was mixed at the time of release; criticism ranged from the "overwrought" plot to Spielberg's downplaying of "disease and starvation". However, Andrew Sarris named it the best film of the year and later included it among the best of the decade. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, but was a disappointment at the box office; Ian Alterman of The New York Times thought it was overlooked by audiences. Spielberg recalled that Empire of
22185-475: Was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times." Spielberg was the target of anti-Semitism : "In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. Two bloody noses. It was horrible." He gradually followed Judaism less during adolescence, after his family had moved to various neighborhoods and found themselves to be the only Jews. He recalls his parents taking him to see Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth (1952). He had never seen
22338-591: Was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture. In a review for Salon magazine, Andrew O'Hehir wrote, "at this point in his career Spielberg is pursuing personal goals, and everything that's terrific and overly flat and tooth-rottingly sweet about War Horse reflects that." Spielberg directed the historical drama Lincoln (2012), starring Daniel Day-Lewis as President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln . Based on Doris Kearns Goodwin 's book Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln and written by Tony Kushner ,
22491-442: Was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture; Rylance won Best Supporting Actor , becoming the second actor to win for a performance directed by Spielberg. In 2016, Spielberg made The BFG , an adaptation of Roald Dahl 's children's book , starring newcomer Ruby Barnhill , and Mark Rylance as the titular Big Friendly Giant. DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, and John Madden had intended to direct. The film
22644-781: Was set up in 1999 as Vitagraph Films. The organization is governed by a board of directors and a board of trustees. Each board has included prominent leaders in the entertainment industry, including directors and producers such as Sydney Pollack , Martin Scorsese , Mike Nichols , Francis Coppola , William Friedkin , Melvin Van Peebles , Brian Grazer , Joe Dante , Paula Wagner , and Steve Tisch . Other prominent board members include actors Candice Bergen and Goldie Hawn ; studio chief Mike Medavoy ; journalist Peter Bart (editor in chief of Variety ); and talent agent Rick Nicita (co-chairman of Creative Artists Agency ). Non-profit A nonprofit organization ( NPO ), also known as
22797-591: Was still editing Jurassic Park in the evenings. To make filming "bearable", Spielberg brought his wife and children with him. Against expectations, the film was a commercial success, and Spielberg used his percentage of profits to start the Shoah Foundation , a non-profit organization that archives testimonies of Holocaust survivors. Schindler's List won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Spielberg's first as Best Director . It also won seven BAFTAs , and three Golden Globes . Schindler's List
22950-465: Was the closing-night attraction at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival , a venue not known for blubbering sentiment. At the end, as the little critter bade his farewells and the Jules Verne -like space ship left the ground, the audience similarly levitated. One heard the audience's childlike applause; one felt their spirits lift. This was rapture made audible, palpable ... Spielberg orchestrated the movements of
23103-464: Was the last to be written by E.T. screenwriter Melissa Mathison before her death. It was co-produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures , marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. The BFG premiered as an out-of-competition entry at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , and received a wide release in the US on July 1, 2016. The BFG received fair reviews; Michael Phillips of The Chicago Tribune compared certain scenes to
23256-520: Was the recipient of the first ever Time 100 Impact Award in the US. Spielberg was born on December 18, 1946, in Cincinnati, Ohio . His mother, Leah ( née Posner, later Adler), was a concert pianist and ran a kosher dairy restaurant , and his father, Arnold , was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His immediate family were Reform Jewish / Orthodox Jewish . Spielberg's paternal grandparents were Jews from Ukraine ; his grandmother Rebecca, maiden name Chechik,
23409-611: Was ugly, and it was cruel... it was, you know, visually devastating. And so I thought, someday, if I ever do make a war movie for real, it's got to be something that tells the truth about what those experiences had been for those young 17-, 18-, 19-year-old boys storming Omaha Beach, let's say. In Phoenix, Spielberg went to the local theater every Saturday. Formative films included Victor Fleming 's Captains Courageous (1937), Walt Disney 's Pinocchio and Fantasia (both 1940), Akira Kurosawa 's Rashomon (1950) and The Seven Samurai (1954), Ishirō Honda 's Godzilla, King of
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