American Canadians are Canadians of American descent. The term is most often used to refer to Canadians who migrated from or have ancestry from the United States . This may include people born in the United States who have naturalized as Canadian citizens. Many American Canadians hold both US and Canadian citizenship .
48-684: According to the 2016 Census , 29,590 Canadians reported American as being their singular ethnicity, while 347,810 reported partial ancestry. Americans have moved to Canada throughout history. During the American Revolution , many white Americans, 15-25% of the population (300-500,000), loyal to the British crown left the United States and settled in Canada. By 1783, 46,000 had settled in Ontario (10,000) and
96-491: A royal warrant issued by the King or Governor-in-Council. All Cabinet meetings are held behind closed doors and the minutes are kept confidential for 30 years, Cabinet members being forbidden from discussing what transpires. Decisions made must be unanimous; though, this often occurs at the prime minister's direction and, once a decision has been reached, all Cabinet members must publicly support it. If any of these rules are violated,
144-529: A bill passed by the federal Parliament. One of the main duties of the Crown is to appoint as prime minister the individual most likely to maintain the confidence of the House of Commons; this is usually the leader of the political party with a plurality of seats in that house. But, when no party or coalition holds a majority (referred to as a hung parliament ), or similar scenario, the governor general's judgment about
192-575: A lower salary as defined by the Salaries Act, despite the Ministries and Ministers of State Act giving them full authority for any government function delegated to them. However, after details of the aforementioned orders-in-council were published, the new Cabinet stated its intent for there to "be no levels of Cabinet members" and it would table in Parliament amendments to the salary statutes, but also that
240-510: A loyalty oath to the King, settled in Ontario before the War of 1812 . The Black Refugees in the War of 1812 also fled to Canada and many American slaves also came via the Underground Railroad , most settling in either Halifax , Nova Scotia or Southern Ontario . At the outbreak of the war of 1812 80,000 of 110,000 inhabitants in Ontario were American born or descendants of Americans. In
288-572: A major promotion taking on the Housing file, and Pascale St-Onge took over at the Department of Canadian Heritage . This is the first major cabinet shuffle of Trudeau's tenure as Prime Minister and resembled a cabinet after a new government is sworn in with how many significant changes were made. Notably, Southwestern Ontario was left without representation in a critical economic region. There have been no Ministers from Southwest Ontario since Bardish Chagger
336-534: A need for 35,000 people to complete this survey to commence in May. The release dates for geography products from the 2016 census were: The release dates for data by release topic from the 2016 census are: Portions of Canada's three territories and remote areas within Alberta , Labrador , Manitoba , Quebec and Saskatchewan were subject to early enumeration between February 1, 2016, and March 31, 2016. Enumeration of
384-602: A population density of 3.9/km (10.2/sq mi) in 2016. Canada's most and least populous provinces were Ontario at 13,448,494 and Prince Edward Island at 142,907 respectively. Among the three territories, the Northwest Territories was the largest with a population of 41,786 while Yukon was the smallest with a population of 35,874 after Nunavut 's population overtook Yukon for the first time in its history. The majority of Canada's population in 2016 were females at 50.9%, while 49.1% were males. The average age of
432-545: A position in parliament although they are almost always selected from the House of Commons. As with other Westminster-derived governments , but unlike the United States Cabinet , the size and structure of the Canadian Cabinet is relatively malleable, the slate of Cabinet positions tending to be substantially restructured periodically, the last major period of realignment occurring between 1993 and 1996. Throughout
480-548: A total population of the three provinces close to 1.5 million. During the Vietnam War era, many American draft dodgers fled to Canada to avoid the war. About 10,200 Americans moved to Canada in 2006; this was the highest number since 1977. Canada 2016 Census The 2016 Canadian census was an enumeration of Canadian residents, which counted a population of 35,151,728, a 5% change from its 2011 population of 33,476,688. The census, conducted by Statistics Canada ,
528-725: Is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch , and within the tenets of the Westminster system , forms the government of Canada . Chaired by the prime minister , the Cabinet is a committee of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry , the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of November 2015 there were no members of
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#1732844268581576-553: Is chaired by a senior minister whose own portfolio may intersect with the mandate of the committee. Each minister of the Crown is responsible for the general administration of at least one government portfolio and heads a corresponding ministry or ministries , known in Canada as departments or agencies . The most important minister, following the first minister , is the minister of finance , while other high-profile ministries include foreign affairs , industry , justice , and health . The official order of precedence does not follow
624-595: Is defined by the constitution as the King acting on the advice of his Privy Council ; what is technically known as the Governor-in-Council , referring to the governor general as the King's delegate. However, the Privy Council—composed mostly of former members of parliament, current and former chief justices of Canada , and other elder statesmen—rarely meets in full; as the stipulations of responsible government require that those who directly advise
672-488: The 1666 census of New France . This census was succeeded by Canada's 2021 census . Consultation with census data users, clients, stakeholders and other interested parties closed in November 2012. Qualitative content testing, which involved soliciting feedback regarding the questionnaire and tests responses to its questions, was scheduled for the fall of 2013, with more extensive testing occurring in May 2014. Statistics Canada
720-672: The 29th Canadian Ministry , was sworn in on November 4, with Justin Trudeau appointed as prime minister. The swearing-in of the new Cabinet also marked the first gender-balanced Cabinet in Canada's history, wherein an equal number of female and male ministers (15 of each, including the Prime Minister) were appointed. Trudeau has continued to maintain a gender-balanced Cabinet throughout several Cabinet shuffles during his time in office. Initially, five members of Cabinet were appointed by orders-in-council as ministers of state , but styled without
768-446: The inner Cabinet , was the body that set the strategic directions for the government under Stephen Harper, approving key appointments and ratifying committee memberships. This committee ceased to exist under Justin Trudeau. Other Cabinet committees common across committee structures include operations, social affairs, a committee focused on economic growth, foreign affairs and security, the environment, and energy security. Each committee
816-424: The 20th century, cabinets had been expanding in size until the Cabinet chaired by Brian Mulroney , with a population of 40 ministers. Mulroney's successor, Kim Campbell , reduced this number and Jean Chrétien eliminated approximately 10 members of the ministry from the Cabinet, so that, by 1994, there were a total of 23 persons in Cabinet. Under the chairmanship of Paul Martin , the number increased again to 39, in
864-438: The Cabinet persons chosen by the prime minister— John A. Macdonald once half-jokingly listed his occupation as cabinet maker . While there are no legal qualifications of the potential ministers, there are a number of conventions that are expected to be followed. For instance, there is typically a minister from each province , ministers from visible minority , with disability and Indigenous groups, female ministers, and, while
912-469: The Cabinet, calling it a "bad habit" that "endorses while concealing the swollen pretension of the executive branch." Each party in His Majesty's Loyal Opposition creates a shadow cabinet , with each member thereof observing and critiquing one or more corresponding, actual Cabinet portfolios and offering alternative policies. The Official Opposition's shadow cabinet comprises members of the party holding
960-572: The House of Commons. Further, under the constitution, all legislation involving the raising or spending of public revenue must originate from the Cabinet. Members of various executive agencies, heads of Crown corporations , and other officials are appointed by the Crown-in-Council; though, some of these may be made only by the Governor General-in-Council, specifically. Royal commissions and public inquiries are also called through
1008-483: The Liberal Party as saying Cabinet had become "a kind of focus group for the prime minister," while Simpson called cabinet a "mini-sounding board". Coyne wrote in 2015: "Cabinet does not matter [...] It does not govern: that is the job of the prime minister and of the group of political staff he has around him, and of the bureaucracy beyond them." John Robson criticised the use of the prime minister's name to identify
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#17328442685811056-529: The Maritimes (36,000). 9.000 lived in the Eastern Townships by 1800. These early settlers were officially designated United Empire Loyalists and referred to as the King's Loyal Americans. Many Black Canadians are descendants of African American slaves ( Black Loyalists ) who fled to Canada during the American Revolution . Similar waves of American immigrants, 30,000, lured by promises of land if they swore
1104-622: The Maritimes 110,000 of 135,000 were Americans who settled before 1775 or after and their descendants. This fact gave English-speaking Canada a pronounced American cultural flavor into the 1830s. The difference was political: those who disliked the split with Britain and those who supported it. In the early 20th century, over 750,000 American settlers moved into the farming regions of the Prairie Provinces of Alberta , Manitoba and Saskatchewan . Many of these were immigrants (or children of immigrants) from Europe or Eastern Canada who had gone to
1152-618: The United States looking for farm land only to find the supply of free farmsteads there exhausted. Others were old-stock European Americans (from the Midwest and Upper South regions of the US), and a small percentage were racial minorities, such as African Americans . In 1916, Americans accounted for 36% of all the foreign-born residents of Alberta, 30% in Saskatchewan, and 8% in Manitoba. or about 400,000 in
1200-549: The balance of Canada began on May 2, 2016, with the unveiling of the online census questionnaire, eight days prior to the official census day of May 10, 2016. Because of a wildfire in early May in northeast Alberta , Statistics Canada suspended enumeration efforts in the Fort McMurray area with alternate means to collect data from its evacuated residents to be determined at a later date. Shortly after re-entry, residents were encouraged to complete their census form online or over
1248-506: The effective appearance of ministers without portfolio, or be delegated problems or initiatives that cut across departmental boundaries, a situation usually described as having the [situation] file . Members of the Cabinet receive assistance from both parliamentary secretaries —who will usually answer, on behalf of a minister, questions in the House of Commons—and deputy ministers —senior civil servants assigned to each ministry in order to tender non-partisan advice. Composed of advisors to
1296-565: The first Minister of Citizen's Services, and Soraya Martinez Ferrada as Minister responsible for the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec . Ministers Joyce Murray , Omar Alghabra , Carolyn Bennett all announced they would not be seeking re-election. Ministers Mona Fortier , Marco Mendicino , and David Lametti were removed from cabinet. A total of over 30 changes were made. Notably Sean Fraser received
1344-512: The latter who were not also members of the former. For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation . The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Justin Trudeau , which is part of the 29th Ministry . The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion. The Government of Canada , formally referred to as His Majesty's Government ,
1392-441: The majority of those chosen to serve as ministers of the Crown are members of Parliament , a cabinet sometimes includes a senator , especially as a representative of a province or region where the governing party won few or no ridings . Efforts are further made to indulge interest groups that support the incumbent government and the party's internal politics must be appeased. It is not legally necessary for Cabinet members to have
1440-563: The minister for international cooperation, head agencies under the umbrella of a department run by another minister. Further, the prime minister may recommend the governor general appoint to Cabinet some ministers without portfolio , which was last done in 2021, when Prime Minister Trudeau advised the appointment of Jim Carr as Special Representative to the Prairies. Unlike in many other Westminster model governments, ministers of state in Canada are considered full members of Cabinet, rather than of
1488-440: The ministerial advice tendered is typically binding; though, it is important to note that the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown, not to any of the ministers, and the royal and viceregal figures may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional constitutional crisis situations. There are also a few duties which must be specifically performed by, or bills that require assent by, the King . Royal assent has never been denied to
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1536-465: The ministry outside it, which has the effect of making the Canadian Cabinet much larger than its foreign counterparts. These individuals are assigned specific, but temporary, responsibilities on a more ad hoc basis, fulfilling tasks created and dissolved to suit short-term government priorities from within a department under a full minister of the Crown. Ministers of state may also be named, but not specified any particular responsibilities, thus giving them
1584-582: The monarch and governor general on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative be accountable to the elected House of Commons , the day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy Council made up of individuals who hold seats in Parliament. This body of ministers of the Crown is the Cabinet, which has come to be the council in the phrase King-in-Council . In the context of constitutional monarchy and responsible government ,
1632-592: The most frequent size among private households at 34.4%. In regards to the journey to work data in Ottawa, there was an increase of people driving their car to work of 51.3% which has the highest mode of transportation. On the other hand, public transit decreased to 25.1% comparing to the 2011 census. The census data in 2016 shows that people have been using other modes of transportation more than other years, this includes walking and cycling. Cabinet of Canada The Cabinet of Canada ( French : Cabinet du Canada )
1680-427: The most suitable candidate for prime minister must be brought into play. The prime minister thereafter heads the Cabinet. The King is informed by his viceroy of the acceptance of the resignation of a prime minister and the swearing-in of a new ministry and he remains fully briefed through regular communications from his Canadian ministers and holds audience with them whenever possible. The governor general appoints to
1728-864: The new ministers would continue to work with the existing departments rather than forming new ones. On July 18, 2018, Trudeau reshuffled Cabinet. This included adding five new ministry positions, expanding the size of Cabinet 35. The Prime Minister shuffled Cabinet again on October 26, 2021, following the federal election that year, increasing Cabinet's membership to 39, thus upsetting the gender balance. On July 26, 2023. Trudeau re-shuffled cabinet, adding 7 new ministers: Gary Anandasangaree as Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations , Rechie Valdez as Minister of Small Business Ya'ara Saks as Minister of Mental Health and Addictions and Associate Minister of Health , Jenna Sudds as Minister of Families, Children and Social Development , Arif Virani as Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada , Terry Beech as
1776-466: The offending minister is usually removed by the prime minister and, if the disagreement within the Cabinet is strong, a minister may resign, as did John Turner in 1975, over the subject of wage and price controls, and Michael Chong in 2006, over a parliamentary motion recognizing "the Québécois" as a nation within Canada. However, the Cabinet's collective influence has been seen to be eclipsed by that of
1824-613: The phone; however door-to-door enumeration remained suspended. Non-binary activists expressed concern that the choice between "male" and "female" on the "sex" question left them with no valid options. In response, Statistics Canada stated that "Respondents who cannot select one category ... can leave the question blank and indicate, in the Comments section at the end of the questionnaire, the reason(s) for which they've chosen to leave this question unanswered." Statistics Canada stated that they intend to analyze these comments but that because of
1872-402: The population was 41.0 years (40.1 years for males and 41.9 years for females). In terms of occupied private dwellings, 53.6% of them were single detached dwellings, followed by 18% being units in apartment buildings less than five storeys, and 9.9% being apartment units in buildings with five or more storeys. The average household size was 2.4 people per household. Two-person households were
1920-517: The prime minister alone. Former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau is credited with consolidating power in the Office of the Prime Minister (PMO) and, at the end of the 20th century and into the 21st, analysts, such as Jeffrey Simpson , Donald Savoie , and John Gomery , argued that both Parliament and the Cabinet had become overshadowed by prime ministerial power. Savoie quoted an anonymous minister from
1968-434: The same pattern, however, with ministers being listed in the order of their appointment to the Privy Council; if appointed on the same day, the individuals are placed in order of their election or appointment to Parliament. Unique positions in Cabinet are those such as leader of the government in the House of Commons and president of the King's Privy Council , who have no corresponding department and some ministers, such as
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2016-477: The second-largest number of seats and is appointed by the leader of the Opposition ; it is generally regarded as a "government in waiting". Its members are often, but not always, appointed to a Cabinet post, should the leader of their party be called to form a government. The Liberal Party of Canada won the federal election of October 19, 2015 , with a majority of seats in the House of Commons. The Cabinet, within
2064-450: The sovereign, the Cabinet has significant power in the Canadian system and, as the governing party usually holds a majority of seats in the legislature, almost all bills proposed by the Cabinet are enacted. Combined with a comparatively small proportion of bills originating with individual members of Parliament , this leads to Cabinet having almost total control over the legislative agenda of
2112-416: The technical difficulties of analyzing free-form text, this analysis will not be released on the same schedule as the binary gender data. In the 2016 Census of Population, Canada recorded a population of 35,151,728 living in 14,072,079 of its 15,412,443 total private dwellings, a 5% change from its 2011 population of 33,476,688. With a land area of 8,965,588.85 km (3,461,633.21 sq mi), it had
2160-466: The traditional of state in their titles. These were the Ministers of Science , Small Business and Tourism , Sport and Persons with Disabilities , Status of Women , and La Francophonie . (However, the new Minister of La Francophonie was, at the same time, appointed Minister of International Development .) Ministers of state had previously represented a second order within the Cabinet (determined by
2208-498: The vicinity of which it has remained. The Trudeau Cabinet comprised 37 ministers in 2021. Cabinet itself—or full Cabinet—is further divided into committees. The Treasury Board , overseeing the expenditure of the sovereign's state funds within every department, is one of the most important of these. The structure of Cabinet fluctuates between and within ministries. For example, the Priorities and Planning Committee , often referred to as
2256-420: Was Canada's seventh quinquennial census . The official census day was May 10, 2016. Census web access codes began arriving in the mail on May 2, 2016. The 2016 census marked the reinstatement of the mandatory long-form census, which had been dropped in favour of the voluntary National Household Survey for the 2011 census. With a response rate of 98.4%, this census is said to be the best one ever recorded since
2304-529: Was scheduled to submit its census content recommendations for review by the Parliament of Canada in December 2014 for subsequent final approval by the Cabinet of Canada . On November 5, 2015, during the first Liberal caucus meeting after forming a majority government, the party announced that it would reinstate the mandatory long-form census, starting in 2016. By early January 2016, Statistics Canada had announced
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