Almaden Valley (Spanish: Valle de Almadén ), commonly known simply as Almaden (Spanish: Almadén ), is a valley and neighborhood of San Jose, California , located in South San Jose . It is nestled between the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west and the Santa Teresa Hills to the east, bordering the town of Los Gatos and West San Jose neighborhood.
114-501: Almaden, named after the ancient Spanish mining town of Almadén , traces its history back to the 1820s, when Mexican miners discovered mercury deposits on Rancho Los Capitancillos , which later led to the establishment of the New Almaden mines. Almaden Valley, known for its abundant parkland, is one of the most expensive neighborhoods to live in San Jose and is consistently ranked as one of
228-555: A doublet , one pair of breeches, stockings, two shirts, one pair of shoes, and a hood. Medical care was available at the infirmary, and the mine even housed its own apothecary . Despite these positive offerings, the danger of death or sickness from mercury poisoning was always present. Twenty-four percent of convicts at Almadén between 1566 and 1593 died before their release dates, most often because of mercury poisoning. Nearly all prisoners experienced discomfort due to mercury exposure. Common symptoms included severe pains in any part of
342-910: A Berkeley professor. In 1944, UC acquired Santa Barbara State College from the California State Colleges, the descendants of the State Normal Schools. In 1958, the regents began promoting these locations to general campuses, thereby creating UCSB (1958), UC Davis (1959), UC Riverside (1959), UC San Diego (1960), and UCSF (1964). Each campus was also granted the right to have its own chancellor upon promotion. In response to California's continued population growth, UC opened two additional general campuses in 1965, with UC Irvine opening in Irvine and UC Santa Cruz opening in Santa Cruz . The youngest campus, UC Merced opened in fall 2005 to serve
456-449: A billion dollars (about a third of the university's core budget for academic operations) in exchange for a funding formula lasting until 2011. The agreement calls for modest annual increases in state funds (but not enough to replace the loss in state funds Dynes and Schwarzenegger agreed to), private fundraising to help pay for basic programs, and large student fee hikes, especially for graduate and professional students. A detailed analysis of
570-517: A combined student body of 295,573 students, 25,400 faculty members, 173,300 staff members and over two million living alumni . Its newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005. Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students; one campus, UC San Francisco , enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences. In addition, the University of California College of
684-607: A complete university, within which the assets of the College of California would be used to create a College of Letters (now known as the College of Letters and Science ). Accordingly, the Organic Act, establishing the University of California, was introduced as a bill by Assemblyman John W. Dwinelle on March 5, 1868, and after it was duly passed by both houses of the state legislature, it
798-544: A confederation of independent universities, similar to the situation in Kansas (from where he was recruited). Murphy was unable to develop any support for his proposal, Kerr quickly put down what he thought of as "Murphy's rebellion", and therefore Kerr's vision of UC as a university system prevailed: "one university with pluralistic decision-making". During the 20th century, UC acquired additional satellite locations which, like Los Angeles, were all subordinate to administrators at
912-532: A lack of interest in liberal arts colleges on the American frontier (for post-secondary degrees, the college was graduating only three or four students per year). In November 1857, the college's trustees began to acquire various parcels of land facing the Golden Gate in what is now Berkeley for a future planned campus to the north of Oakland. But first, they needed to secure the college's water rights by buying
1026-552: A large farm to the east. In 1864, they organized the College Homestead Association, which borrowed $ 35,000 to purchase the land, plus another $ 33,000 to purchase 160 acres (650,000 m ) of land to the south of the future campus . The association subdivided the latter parcel and started selling lots with the hope it could raise enough money to repay its lenders and also create a new college town . But sales of new homesteads fell short. Governor Frederick Low favored
1140-483: A mansion on or near campus that is usually known as University House , where they host social functions attended by guests and donors. Berkeley's University House formerly served as the official residence of the UC president, but is now the official residence of Berkeley's chancellor. UCSD's University House was closed from 2004 to 2014 for $ 10.5 million in renovations paid for by private donors, which were so expensive because
1254-499: A merger of the already-functional College of California (which had land, buildings, faculty, and students, but not enough money) with the nonfunctional state college (which had money and nothing else), and went on to participate in the ensuing negotiations. On October 9, 1867, the college's trustees reluctantly agreed to join forces with the state college to their mutual advantage, but under one condition—that there not be simply an "Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College", but
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#17328547902541368-473: A peak of US$ 571 per 76-pound (34 kg) flask in 1965 to US$ 121 in 1976, making economic planning difficult. In 1981, the Spanish government created the company Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes to operate the mine. In 2000, the mines closed due to the fall of the price of mercury on the international market, caused by falling demand. However, Almadén still has one of the world's largest mercury resources. Almadén
1482-503: A placeholder to secure federal land-grant funds . Meanwhile, Congregational minister Henry Durant , an alumnus of Yale , had established the private Contra Costa Academy, on June 20, 1853, in Oakland , California. The initial site was bounded by Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets and Harrison and Franklin Streets in downtown Oakland (and is marked today by State Historical Plaque No. 45 at
1596-662: A single faculty member ( Martin Kellogg ) was hired by the new university. By April 1869, the trustees had second thoughts about their agreement to donate the college's assets and disincorporate. To get them to proceed, regent John B. Felton helped them bring a "friendly suit" against the university to test the agreement's legality—which they promptly lost. The University of California's second president, Daniel Coit Gilman , opened its new campus in Berkeley in September 1873. Section 8 of
1710-506: A special council was created to operate the mines, introducing new technology and safety improvements. A record production of 82,000 mercury flasks (6.232 million lb or 2.827 million kg) was reached in 1941, just after the Spanish Civil War , using prisoners of war as forced labor. This amount is comparable to the 3,000 t (3,300 short tons) that were produced by China in 2018. The price for mercury decreased from
1824-433: Is a public land-grant research university system in the U.S. state of California . Headquartered in Oakland , the system is composed of its ten campuses at Berkeley , Davis , Irvine , Los Angeles , Merced , Riverside , San Diego , San Francisco , Santa Barbara , and Santa Cruz , along with numerous research centers and academic centers abroad. The system is the state's land-grant university . In 1900, UC
1938-640: Is a town and municipality in the Spanish province of Ciudad Real , within the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha . The town is located at 4° 49' W and 38° 46' N and is 589 meters (1,932 ft) above sea level. Almadén is approximately 300 km (186 miles) south of Madrid in the Sierra Morena . The name Almadén is from the Arabic : المعدن , romanized : al-maʻdin , lit. 'the metal', 'the mineral' or 'lode', and so by extension,
2052-539: Is not governed by the regents. In contrast, Toland Medical College (founded in 1864 and affiliated in 1873) and later, the dental, pharmacy, and nursing schools in San Francisco were affiliated with UC through written agreements, and not statutes invested with constitutional importance by court decisions. In the early 20th century, the Affiliated Colleges (as they came to be called) began to agree to submit to
2166-489: Is now a World Heritage Site, Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija . A museum has been built; the site allows visits to the mines (in areas dating from 16th to 20th century). The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) acknowledged Almadén as "the largest known mercury deposit in the Earth and with a longest productive history dating back to the 3rd century BCS". Due to this, IUGS included "the giant mercury deposit of
2280-769: Is southeast of Los Gatos , southwest of the Blossom Valley , south of Willow Glen in West San Jose and west of Santa Teresa . The Santa Teresa Hills are to Almaden's east, separating it from Santa Teresa, and the Capitancillos Hills of the Sierra Azul are to Almaden's west and south. Mount Umunhum , in the Sierra Azul, is the former site of the Almaden Air Force Station . Almaden Valley includes all
2394-492: The forzados . Safer mining technology was introduced in the last quarter of the 18th century, and free laborers began to take an interest in the mine again. By the end of the century, free workers had replaced most of the slave labor. The penal establishment at Almadén was closed in 1801. In 1835, during the First Carlist War , the mine was leased indefinitely to the bank of N M Rothschild & Sons . The price paid
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#17328547902542508-589: The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) for 2020, while UC Irvine , UC Santa Barbara , and UC Davis ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. Forbes also ranked the six UC campuses mentioned above as being in the top 50 universities in America in 2021. Forbes also named the top three public universities in America as all being UC campuses, namely, Berkeley, UCLA, and UCSD, and ranked three more campuses, UC Davis, UC Santa Barbara, and UC Irvine as being among
2622-558: The Constitution of the State of California . Eighteen regents are appointed by the governor for 12-year terms. One member is a student appointed for a one-year term. There are also seven ex officio members—the governor , lieutenant governor , speaker of the State Assembly , State Superintendent of Public Instruction , president and vice president of the UC alumni associations, and
2736-582: The San Joaquin Valley . After losing campuses in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara to the University of California system, supporters of the California State College system arranged for the state constitution to be amended in 1946 to prevent similar losses from happening again in the future. With decentralization complete, it was decided in 1986 that the UC president should no longer be based at
2850-615: The Selden Williams House , a 6,400-square-foot (590 m ) house in Berkeley, for $ 6.5 million to serve as the UC president's official residence. UC had previously owned the same home from 1971 to 1991, when it served as the official residence of the UC vice president. (UC no longer has a single "vice president"; the president's direct reports now have titles like "executive vice president", "senior vice president", or "vice president". ) All UC chancellors traditionally live for free in
2964-445: The U.S. Census Bureau reported that, as of 2019, Almaden Valley had a population of 38,122, with 12,877 housing units. The racial makeup of Almaden Valley was 20,726 (54.4%) White , 13,866 (36.4%) Asian , 2,700 (7.1%) Hispanic or Latino , 741 (1.9%) African American , 124 (0.3%) Native American , 2184 (5.7%) from two or more races and 442 (1.2%) of some other race. The population was spread out, with 9430 (24.7%) children under
3078-575: The United Auto Workers (UAW) union. UAW alleged more than 20 unfair labor practice charges against UC, including unilateral changes in policy and obstructing worker negotiation. The strike lasted almost six weeks, officially ending on December 23. All University of California campuses except the College of the Law in San Francisco are governed by the Regents of the University of California as required by
3192-604: The VTA light rail was the main rail connection in the area. Since its closure, the closest VTA light rail station is Ohlone/Chynoweth station on the Blue Line. Following are some of the notable past or present residents of the Almaden Valley: 37°13′17″N 121°51′44″W / 37.2214°N 121.8622°W / 37.2214; -121.8622 Almad%C3%A9n Almadén ( Spanish pronunciation: [almaˈðen] )
3306-553: The Western Association of Schools and Colleges , the regional accreditor of the UC schools, criticized the UC system for "significant problems in governance, leadership and decision making" and "confusion about the roles and responsibilities of the university president, the regents and the 10 campus chancellors with no clear lines of authority and boundaries". In 2016, university system officials admitted that they monitored all e-mails sent to and from their servers. At present,
3420-475: The 12,000-square-foot structure sits on top of a sacred Native American cemetery and next to an unstable coastal bluff. Not all chancellors prefer to live on campus; at Santa Barbara, Chancellor Robert Huttenback found that campus's University House to be unsatisfactory, then was convicted in 1988 of embezzlement for his unauthorized use of university funds to improve his off-campus residence. The State of California currently (2021–2022) spends $ 3.467 billion on
3534-480: The 16th and 17th centuries in return for loans to the Spanish government. Mercury became very valuable in the Americas in the mid-16th century due to the introduction of amalgamation , a process that uses mercury to extract metals from gold and silver ore. The demand for mercury grew, and so did the town's importance as a center of mining and industry. Most of the mercury produced at this time was sent to Seville , then to
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3648-506: The 1930s. It was then converted into Cafe Del Rio which served New Almaden for almost 40 years. In 1992, La Foret, a high-end French restaurant opened in the building. The restaurant, still in operation, is a local landmark in San Jose and well known across the Bay Area for its fine dining. A two-teacher school was built in the 1860s on a flat near Casa Grande. Enrollment came chiefly from
3762-561: The 2000s and 2010s, UC quietly began to admit higher percentages of highly accomplished (and more lucrative) students from other states and countries, but was forced to reverse course in 2015 in response to the inevitable public outcry and start admitting more California residents. On November 14, 2022, about 48,000 academic workers at all ten UC campuses, as well as the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , went on strike for higher pay and benefits as authorized by
3876-499: The 550-mile hiking, cycling, and equestrian trail being built on the ridgelines around all of San Francisco Bay Area includes Almaden Valley's Los Alamitos Creek Trail , Calero Creek Trail, Mount Umunhum Trail and Almaden Quicksilver County Park . Integral to Silicon Valley , Almaden is home to numerous high tech companies. It is notably home to the IBM Almaden Research Center , which has played an important role in
3990-560: The Almadén syncline" in its assemblage of 100 world "geological heritage sites" published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as "a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history". University of California The University of California ( UC )
4104-500: The Americas. The dangerous working conditions of the mines made it difficult for the Fuggers to find willing laborers. As the demand for mercury grew, convict labor was introduced. After the Fuggers failed to meet production quotas in 1566, the King of Spain agreed to send 30 prisoners to serve their sentences as laborers at Almadén. The first group of forzados arrived at Almadén at
4218-689: The Berkeley campus, and the UC Office of the President moved to Kaiser Center in Oakland in 1989. That lakefront location was subject to widespread criticism as "too elegant and too corporate for a public university". In 1998, the Office of the President moved again, to a newly constructed but much more modest building near the former site of the College of California in Oakland. The Master Plan for Higher Education of 1960 established that UC must admit undergraduates from
4332-439: The Berkeley campus, and were headed by provosts who were subordinate to the president. In March 1951, the regents reorganized the university's governing structure. Starting with the 1952–53 academic year, day-to-day "chief executive officer" functions for the Berkeley and Los Angeles campuses were transferred to chancellors who were vested with a high degree of autonomy, and reported as equals to UC's president. As noted above,
4446-568: The Berkeley campus. California farmers lobbied for UC to perform applied research responsive to their immediate needs; in 1905, the Legislature established a "University Farm School" at Davis and in 1907 a "Citrus Experiment Station" at Riverside as adjuncts to the College of Agriculture at Berkeley. In 1912, UC acquired a private oceanography laboratory in San Diego, which had been founded nine years earlier by local business promoters working with
4560-512: The Compact by the Academic Senate "Futures Report" indicated, despite the large fee increases, the university core budget did not recover to 2000 levels. Undergraduate student fees have risen 90% from 2003 to 2007. In 2011, for the first time in UC's history, student fees exceeded contributions from the State of California. The First District Court of Appeal in San Francisco ruled in 2007 that
4674-516: The Hacienda along with some children from nearby ranches. One of the oldest buildings in the district is the Carson-Perham Adobe, built between 1848 and 1850 by Mexican miners, and later the home of George Carson, the mine company bookkeeper, postmaster, telegraph operator, and Wells Fargo agent. Constance Perham lived in the adobe house for many years and established a private museum there in 1949,
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4788-461: The Islamic era, furnaces capable of extracting mercury from the cinnabar were installed. With the more advanced expertise available to the alchemists of Al-Andalus , the mines of Almadén exported mercury throughout the entire Mediterranean basin. They were important enough to be described in the learned literature of the day. The Fuggers of Augsburg , two German bankers, administered the mines during
4902-638: The Law located in San Francisco is legally affiliated with UC and shares its name but is otherwise autonomous. Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education , the University of California is a part of the state's three-system public higher education plan, which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges system. UC is governed by a Board of Regents whose autonomy from
5016-592: The Office of the Secretary and Chief of Staff to the Regents of the University of California share an office building in downtown Oakland that serves as the UC system's headquarters. Kerr's vision for UC governance was "one university with pluralistic decision-making". In other words, the internal delegation of operational authority to chancellors at the campus level and allowing nine other campuses to become separate centers of academic life independent of Berkeley did not change
5130-493: The Organic Act authorized the Board of Regents to affiliate the University of California with independent self-sustaining professional colleges. "Affiliation" meant UC and its affiliates would "share the risk in launching new endeavors in education". The affiliates shared the prestige of the state university's brand, and UC agreed to award degrees in its own name to their graduates on the recommendation of their respective faculties, but
5244-704: The San Jose Water Lantern Festival. Sporting events held in the area include the Quicksilver Endurance Runs and the Quicksilver Trail Challenge. Casa Grande was constructed in 1854, under the direction of the mine's general manager, Henry Halleck, who used the building until 1920 as a personal and official residence for the New Almaden Mining Company. John McLaren, of Golden Gate Park fame, assisted in designing
5358-505: The UC budget. While state funding has somewhat recovered, as of 2019 state support still lags behind even recent historic levels (e.g. 2001) when adjusted for inflation. According to the California Public Policy Institute, California spends 12% of its General Fund on higher education, but that percentage is divided between the University of California, California State University and California Community Colleges. Over
5472-513: The UC president and regents, and evolved into the health sciences campus known today as the University of California, San Francisco. Section 1 of the Organic Act authorized the university to "provide instruction and complete education" in many different fields and professions, but the text of the Organic Act is notably silent about research . It was not until the 1930s, during the administration of President Sproul, that UC's mission drifted away from its traditional focus on instruction—which became
5586-544: The UC president. The Academic Senate, made up of faculty members, is empowered by the regents to set academic policies. In addition, the system-wide faculty chair and vice-chair sit on the Board of Regents as non-voting members. Originally, the president was the chief executive of the first campus, Berkeley. In turn, other UC locations (with the exception of the Hastings College of the Law) were treated as off-site departments of
5700-410: The UC system officially describes itself as a "ten campus" system consisting of the campuses listed below. These campuses are under the direct control of the regents and president. Only ten campuses are listed on the official UC letterhead. Although it shares the name and public status of the UC system, the College of the Law, San Francisco (formerly Hastings College of the Law) is not controlled by
5814-410: The UC system, out of total UC operating revenues of $ 41.6 billion. The "UC Budget for Current Operations" lists the medical centers as the largest revenue source, contributing 39% of the budget, the federal government 11%, Core Funds (State General Funds, UC General Funds, student tuition) 21%, private support (gifts, grants, endowments) 7% ,and Sales and Services at 21%. In 1980, the state funded 86.8% of
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#17328547902545928-426: The UC system, while Clark Kerr became Berkeley's first chancellor and Raymond B. Allen became the first chancellor of UCLA. However, the 1951 reorganization was stalled by resistance from Sproul and his allies, and it was not until Kerr succeeded Sproul as UC president that UC was able to evolve into a university system from 1957 to 1960. At that time, chancellors were appointed for additional campuses and each
6042-550: The University of California owed nearly $ 40 million in refunds to about 40,000 students who were promised that their tuition fees would remain steady, but were hit with increases when the state ran short of money in 2003. In September 2019, the University of California announced it will divest its $ 83 billion in endowment and pension funds from the fossil fuel industry, ostensibly to avoid the "financial risk" inherent in that industry because of climate change , but also in response to pleas to stop investing in fossil fuel. In 2008,
6156-476: The affiliates were otherwise managed independently by their own boards of trustees, charged their own tuition and fees, and maintained their own budgets separate from the UC budget. It was through the process of affiliation that UC was able to claim it had medical and law schools in San Francisco within a decade of its founding. In 1879, California adopted its second and current constitution , which included unusually strong language to ensure UC's independence from
6270-603: The age of 18, 21,243 (55.7%) adults aged 18 to 64, and 7,449 (19.5%) adults aged 65 years or older. The median age was 46.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. Almaden Valley students attend primary, middle and high schools across three different school districts: San José Unified School District , Campbell Union School District and Los Gatos Union School District . While most neighborhoods are in San José Unified School District, some in
6384-458: The area to increase so rapidly that the Regents could no longer afford to buy the needed land. After another year of study, the Regents selected another site much farther south, which opened in 1965 as the University of California, Santa Cruz . In 1968, Calero County Park was established around Calero Lake in the Calero area of southern Almaden. Calero Lake was created in 1935, when Arroyo Calero
6498-630: The area where Graystone Quarry once existed and where the Pfeiffer family once lived is occupied by the neighborhood of Pfeiffer , also known as, the Graystone of Almaden , thus named after the quarry's stone master Jacob Pfeiffer and the Quarry. In December 1959, the Regents of the University of California selected Almaden Valley to be the site of the next campus of the University of California system. Unfortunately, news of this decision caused property values in
6612-465: The areas within the 95120 ZIP code, comprising the neighborhoods Almaden Country Club, Calero , Almaden Hills Estates, Almaden Meadows, Graystone, New Almaden , Pfeiffer Ranch, Shadow Brook and several more. Almaden Valley is home to over 15 parks, including 3 county parks, 3 lakes, 1 regional park, 1 open space preserve and several neighborhood parks: Almaden Valley is home to an expansive trail system, including: Also notably, Bay Area Ridge Trail ,
6726-483: The assets of the College of California before moving to Berkeley in 1873. It also affiliated itself with independent medical and law schools in San Francisco. Over the next eight decades, several branch locations and satellite programs were established across the state. In March 1951, the University of California began to reorganize itself into something distinct from its campus in Berkeley , with UC President Robert Gordon Sproul staying in place as chief executive of
6840-439: The body, trembling limbs, and loss of sanity. Most of the men at the furnaces died from poisoning. Forzados were also forced to bail water out of the mines. These men escaped the dangers of mercury exposure but suffered exhaustion on a daily basis. A group of four men had to bail out 300 buckets of water without rest. Those that could not meet this quota were whipped. Sick prisoners were not exempt from this practice. Death
6954-563: The collections of which were purchased in 1983 by Santa Clara County. Almaden Expressway is the primary arterial road that intersects through Almaden Valley, linking it to the rest of Santa Clara Valley with connections to the West Valley Freeway (CA 85) and the Guadalupe Freeway (CA 87) Blossom Hill Road , an important artery for South San Jose and Los Gatos also passes through Almaden. Until 2019, Almaden station of
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#17328547902547068-421: The convicts. The enslaved people purchased to work in the mines at Almadén were those considered less desirable, unwanted by their slaveholders for various reasons ("rebelliousness", for example), so were much cheaper than others on the market at the time. Such were the dangers of the work and the likelihood of early death, that purchasing enslaved people at the usual market price would have been uneconomic. By 1613,
7182-494: The direct control of the Board of Regents. In 1886, the Supreme Court of California declared those newer acts to be unconstitutional because the clause protecting UC's independence in the 1879 state constitution had stripped the state legislature of the ability to amend the 1878 act. To this day, the College of the Law (which dropped Hastings from its name in 2023) remains a UC affiliate, maintains its own board of directors, and
7296-469: The discovery and development of new technologies. Almaden Valley is part of District 10 in the legislative structure of the San Jose City Council and is represented by councilmember and Silicon Valley technology executive Arjun Batra. Arjun Batra is the first Indian-American councilmember for Almaden Valley and District 10, and the first for San Jose since Ash Kalra left in 2016 to serve as
7410-594: The early 1800s in what is now its southernmost neighborhood, known as New Almaden (Spanish: Nueva Almadén ). In the 1820s, there were several attempts by local Californio officials from the Pueblo of San José to mine the area for silver, including an 1824 venture led by Don Antonio Suñol , a prominent local figure, and Luis Chaboya, of Rancho Yerba Buena . Quicksilver (mercury) was only successfully identified in 1845, by Mexican cavalry captain Andrés Castillero, who
7524-443: The end of February 1566. The number was increased to 40 in 1583. The prisoners, known as forzados , were selected out of criminals waiting for transport to the galleys in the jail of Toledo . Those selected usually had limited sentences and good physical abilities. Murderers and capital criminals were rarely selected, as the galleys were considered a far harsher punishment than the mines of Almadén. A steady run of complaints to
7638-461: The enslaved outnumbered forzados by a two-to-one ratio. In 1645, the Fugger concession was cancelled and the mines were taken over by the state, to be managed by the royal government. All capital criminals were to be sent to Almadén by court order in 1749, but the mine simply could not accommodate all of them. The act was cancelled in 1751. Two disastrous fires occurred in 1775 that were blamed on
7752-507: The establishment of a state university based upon the University of Michigan plan, and thus in one sense may be regarded as the founder of the University of California. At the College of California's 1867 commencement exercises , where Low was present, Yale University professor Benjamin Silliman Jr. criticized Californians for establishing a polytechnic school , instead of a real university. That same day, Low reportedly first suggested
7866-512: The exception of the departments of Sociology, History, and English. UC Davis , UC Irvine and UC Santa Barbara ranked in the top 50 in the departments of Psychology, Economics, Political Science, Computer Science, Engineering, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physics, Sociology, History, and English, with the exception of UC Santa Barbara's Psychology and Political Science departments, according to U.S. News & World Report . UC Santa Cruz and UC Riverside ranked in
7980-446: The fact that all campuses remain part of one legal entity. As a 1968 UC centennial coffee table book explained: "Yet for all its campuses, colleges, schools, institutes, and research stations, it remains one University, under one Board of Regents and one president—the University of California." UC continues to take a "united approach" as one university in matters in which it inures to UC's advantage to do so, such as when negotiating with
8094-435: The first Indian-American on the California State Legislature . Prior to this, Matt Mahan , was the council member representing Almaden Valley and District 10, before being elected as the current Mayor of San Jose . The neighborhood is primarily an affluent residential area. The average income per household in Almaden Valley is $ 297,716 The 2010 United States Census and the American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by
8208-666: The first UC site outside of Berkeley to achieve de jure coequal status with the Berkeley campus. That month, the regents approved a reorganization plan under which both the Berkeley and Los Angeles campuses would be supervised by chancellors reporting to the UC president. However, the 1951 plan was severely flawed; it was overly vague about how the chancellors were to become the "executive heads" of their campuses. Due to stubborn resistance from President Sproul and several vice presidents and deans—who simply carried on as before—the chancellors ended up as glorified provosts with limited control over academic affairs and long-range planning while
8322-573: The first commercial winery in California, with his father-in-law Éthienne Thée, using vine cuttings from his native France. Following Prohibition , the winery and the company had great success with their blush wine and the White Grenache Rosé, one of the first popular pink wines in the United States. Almaden Vineyards has since moved its winery to Madera, California , while the historic remains of
8436-472: The first woman to hold the office of UC President. On July 7, 2020, Dr. Michael V. Drake , a former UC chancellor and medical research professor, was selected as the 21st president of the University of California system, making him the first black president to hold the office in UC's 152-year history. He took office on August 1, 2020. Besides substantial six-figure incomes, the UC president and all UC chancellors enjoy controversial perks such as free housing in
8550-485: The five acres of formally landscaped grounds around the house. In 1997, Santa Clara County purchased the building to house the Almaden Quicksilver Mining Museum, which started as a private collection by Constance Perham, who displayed it in her house in New Almaden . The new museum opened in 1998. The building underwent extensive renovation from 2009 to 2010 to restore it to its configuration when it
8664-534: The form of university-maintained mansions. In 1962, Anson Blake's will donated his 10-acre (40,000 m ) estate ( Blake Garden ) and mansion (Blake House) in Kensington to the University of California's Department of Landscape Architecture. In 1968, the regents decided to make Blake House the official residence of the UC president. As of 2005, it cost around $ 300,000 per year to maintain Blake Garden and Blake House;
8778-402: The king in the 1580s led to an investigation of convict living conditions at Almadén in 1593. The investigation was conducted by royal commissioner and famous author Mateo Alemán and was based largely on convict interviews. The mine at Almadén provided forzados with acceptable living conditions. Each convict received daily rations of meat, bread, wine. Each year, a forzado was issued
8892-467: The latter, built in 1926, is a 13,239-square-foot (1,229.9 m ) mansion with a view of San Francisco Bay. Blake House has sat vacant since President Dynes departed in 2008, due to the high cost of needed seismic strengthening and renovating its dilapidated interior (estimated at $ 3.5 million in 2013). From 2008 to 2022, all three UC presidents during that timeframe (i.e., Yudof, Napolitano, and Drake) lived in rented homes. In 2022, UC finally purchased
9006-496: The legislature and governor in Sacramento. The University of California continues to manage certain matters at the systemwide level in order to maintain common standards across all campuses, such as student admissions, appointment and promotion of faculty, and approval of academic programs. All UC presidents had been white men until 2013, when former Homeland Security Secretary , and Governor of Arizona , Janet Napolitano became
9120-719: The most expensive areas in the country. Almaden was originally inhabited by the Tamien nation of Ohlone people, prior to the arrival of the Spanish . The Ohlone had long utilized the area for its cinnabar , which they used for paint production. During the Mexican era, the area of what is now Almaden was divided between two rancho grants : Rancho San Vicente , granted to José de los Reyes Berryessa , and Rancho Los Capitancillos , granted to Justo Larios. Rancho Cañada de los Capitancillos and Rancho Cañada de Oro were later divided from these original ranchos. Almaden Valley's origins go back to
9234-521: The nomination "Heritage of Mercury" . The geology of the area is characterised by volcanism . Almadén is home to the world's greatest reserves of cinnabar , a mineral associated with recent volcanic activity, from which mercury is extracted. From antiquity, cinnabar was used to make the pigment vermillion and this is the likely end-use of the mineral extraction of Almadén of the Roman and Visigothic periods, for which times historical records are limited. In
9348-491: The northeast corner of Thirteenth and Franklin). In turn, the academy's trustees were granted a charter in 1855 for a College of California , though the college continued to operate as a college preparatory school until it added college-level courses in 1860. The college's trustees, educators, and supporters believed in the importance of a liberal arts education (especially the study of the Greek and Roman classics ), but ran into
9462-852: The northwest are in the Campbell Union School District, and some in the southwest bordering Los Gatos are in the Los Gatos Union School District. Almaden Valley is served by the Almaden Branch Library of the San José Public Library . Schools in Almaden include: Almaden is home to numerous annual cultural events, including the Almaden Art & Wine Festival, the Almaden Harvest Festival, and
9576-524: The past 2,000 years. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its byproducts to humans, the mine has variously employed penal labour , slave labour , and prisoners of war over its long history. Almadén mine stopped working in 2002, due to the European mercury mining prohibition. In 2006, the mine opened to the public who can visit the first level, 50 metres (160 ft) underground. In 2012, Almadén and Idrija ( Slovenia ) were declared World Heritage Sites, with
9690-412: The past forty years, state funding of higher education has dropped from 18% to 12%, resulting in a drop in UC's per student funding from $ 23,000 in 2016 to a current $ 8,000 per year per student. In May 2004, UC President Robert C. Dynes and CSU Chancellor Charles B. Reed struck a private deal, called the "Higher Education Compact", with Governor Schwarzenegger . They agreed to slash spending by about
9804-684: The place where these are excavated, 'the mine'. Originally a Roman , and later, a Moorish mining settlement when taken from the Visigoths , the town was captured by the Christians in 1151 under king Alfonso VII and given to the Knights of the Order of Calatrava . The mercury deposits of Almadén account for the largest quantity of liquid mercury metal produced in the world. Approximately 250,000 metric tons (280,000 short tons) of mercury have been produced there in
9918-481: The president and the regents retained de facto control over everything else. Upon becoming president in October 1957, Clark Kerr supervised UC's rapid transformation into a true public university system through a series of proposals adopted unanimously by the regents from 1957 to 1960. Kerr's reforms included expressly granting all campus chancellors the full range of executive powers, privileges, and responsibilities which Sproul had denied to Kerr himself, as well as
10032-495: The primary state-supported academic agency for research". In August 1882, the California State Normal School (whose original normal school in San Jose is now San Jose State University ) opened a second school in Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. In 1887, the Los Angeles school was granted its own board of trustees independent of the San Jose school, and in 1919,
10146-623: The property are now known as the Old Almaden Winery , which serves as a public park and California Historic Landmark . Beginning in the late 1800s, Almaden was home to the Graystone Quarry (originally the Goodrich Quarry ), one of the most significant quarries in the Bay Area, used in the construction of landmarks including San Francisco City Hall , Stanford University , Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph , among numerous others. Today,
10260-632: The province of the California State University—and towards research. Sproul started to speak of UC's missions as "teaching, research, and public service", which remains true today. Thus, UC evolved into a research university whose faculty and staff would perform research to contribute directly to society, as opposed to indirect contributions by instructing students to equip them with the skills needed to later perform research in their own careers. The Master Plan for Higher Education, as enacted into state law in 1960, provides that UC "shall be
10374-484: The radical decentralization of a tightly knit bureaucracy in which all lines of authority had always run directly to the president at Berkeley or to the regents themselves. In 1965, UCLA Chancellor Franklin D. Murphy tried to push this to what he saw as its logical conclusion: he advocated for authorizing all chancellors to report directly to the Board of Regents, thereby rendering the UC president redundant. Murphy wanted to transform UC from one federated university into
10488-571: The regents or president; it has a separate board of directors and must seek funding directly from the Legislature. However, under the California Education Code, Hastings degrees are awarded in the name of the regents and bear the signature of the UC president. Furthermore, Education Code section 92201 states that Hastings "is affiliated with the University of California, and is the law department thereof". Annually, UC campuses are ranked highly by various publications. Six UC campuses rank in
10602-405: The regents promoted five additional UC locations to campuses and allowed them to have chancellors of their own in a series of decisions from 1958 to 1964, and the three campuses added since then have also been run by chancellors. In turn, all chancellors (again, with the exception of Hastings) report as equals to the University of California President. Today, the UC Office of the President (UCOP) and
10716-461: The regents' governance during the term of President Benjamin Ide Wheeler , as the Board of Regents had come to recognize the problems inherent in the existence of independent entities that shared the UC brand but over which UC had no real control. While Hastings remained independent, the Affiliated Colleges were able to increasingly coordinate their operations with one another under the supervision of
10830-485: The rest of the state government . This had lasting consequences for the Hastings College of the Law , which had been separately chartered and affiliated in 1878 by an act of the state legislature at the behest of founder Serranus Clinton Hastings . After a falling out with his own handpicked board of directors, the founder persuaded the state legislature in 1883 and 1885 to pass new laws to place his law school under
10944-444: The rest of the state government is protected by the state constitution. The University of California also manages or co-manages three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy : Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The University of California was founded on March 23, 1868, and operated in Oakland , where it absorbed
11058-518: The state electorate severely limited long-term property tax revenue by enacting Proposition 13 in 1978, UC was forced to make up for the resulting collapse in state financial support by imposing a variety of fees which were tuition in all but name. On November 18, 2010, the regents finally gave up on the longstanding legal fiction that UC does not charge tuition by renaming the Educational Fee to "Tuition". As part of its search for funds during
11172-701: The state legislature transferred it to UC control and renamed it the Southern Branch of the University of California. In 1927, it became the University of California at Los Angeles ; the "at" would be replaced with a comma in 1958. Los Angeles surpassed San Francisco in the 1920 census to become the most populous metropolis in California. Because Los Angeles had become the state government's single largest source of both tax revenue and votes, its residents felt entitled to demand more prestige and autonomy for their campus. Their efforts bore fruit in March 1951, when UCLA became
11286-589: The time of the California Gold Rush until 1975. Many of the names in Almaden retain their mercury mine themes, such as Silver Lode Lane and Silver Mine Drive. Many places in Almaden still use the name Quicksilver. Following the American Conquest of California , Almaden Valley attracted a significant amount of settlers from the East Coast and Europe. In 1852, Charles LeFranc founded Almaden Vineyards ,
11400-703: The top 12.5% (one-eighth) of graduating high school seniors in California. Prior to the promulgation of the Master Plan, UC was to admit undergraduates from the top 15%. UC does not currently adhere to all tenets of the original Master Plan, such as the directives that no campus was to exceed total enrollment of 27,500 students (in order to ensure quality) and that public higher education should be tuition-free for California residents. Five campuses, Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, and San Diego, each have current total enrollment at over 30,000, and of these five, all but Irvine have undergraduate enrollments over 30,000. After
11514-577: The top 20 in World University Rankings. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranked UCSF , UC Davis , UC Irvine , and UC Santa Barbara in the top 50 US National Universities and in the top 100 World Universities in 2020. Berkeley , UCLA , and UC San Diego all ranked in the top 50 universities in the world according to both the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2021 and
11628-453: The top 20 public universities in America in 2021. The six aforementioned campuses are all considered Public Ivies . The QS World University Rankings for 2021 ranked three UC campuses: Berkeley, UCLA and UC San Diego as being in the top 100 universities in the world. Individual academic departments also rank highly among the UC campuses. The 2021 U.S. News & World Report Best Graduate Schools report ranked Berkeley as being among
11742-412: The top 5 universities in the nation in the departments of Psychology, Economics, Political Science, Computer Science, Engineering, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physics, Sociology, History, and English, and ranked UCLA in the top 20 in the same departments. U.S. News & World Report also ranked the same departments at UC San Diego among the top 20 in the nation, with
11856-404: The top 50 U.S. National Universities of 2022 by U.S. News & World Report , with UCLA , Berkeley , UC Santa Barbara , UC San Diego , UC Irvine , and UC Davis all ranked in the top 50. Four UC campuses also ranked in the top 50 in the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Rankings in 2021, namely Berkeley , UCLA , UCSF , and UC San Diego . UCSF is ranked as one of
11970-546: The top universities in biomedicine in the world and the UCSF School of Medicine is ranked 3rd in the United States among research-oriented medical schools and for primary care by U.S. News & World Report . Three UC campuses: Berkeley , UCLA , and UC San Diego all ranked in the top 15 universities in the US according to the 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) US National University Rankings and also in
12084-474: The word spread, New Almaden was thriving with miners trying to mine more cinnabar themselves. In 1848, a boarding house was constructed by the creek in New Almaden as a house for boarding for the miners. Hot meals were served in the rustic dining room downstairs. This was the first two-story lodging in California. Fire destroyed the building in 1875 but it was rebuilt and stayed in operation in this capacity until
12198-572: Was a mine manager's residence from 1854 to 1925. It reopened in January 2011. It houses interpretive exhibits and displays on the history of the New Almaden mines and on the lives of its workers and their families. In the mid-1800s, just a few years before the great California Gold Rush, Andres Castillera, a Mexican officer with the Artillery discovered cinnabar in New Almaden, a precious metal also known as quicksilver which bought Castillera lot of riches. As
12312-473: Was able to obtain a grant to mine the area by Governor Pío Pico . However, occupied with his military responsibilities, Castillero sold his claim to the mines to Alexander Forbes , then serving as the British Consul to Mexican California. The area was named after the ancient Spanish mining town of Almadén , where mercury has been mined since Roman times. Mercury was extracted from the New Almaden mines from
12426-479: Was common, and the convicts wished to provide a proper burial for each of the men that died at the mine. A religious confraternity was formed, conducted by a prior who was administrator of the mine for the Fuggers. The prior also chose devout convicts to serve as officials. Mass was held on Sundays and feast days , and non-attendance was punishable by fine. People abducted for slavery, mainly from North Africa, were purchased directly from slaveholders to work alongside
12540-424: Was dammed. In 1975, the New Almaden mines closed after 135 years of operation. Santa Clara County Parks subsequently purchased the vast property surrounding the mines, in order to transform it into a regional park. Almaden Quicksilver County Park opened a few years later after an extensive cleanup of the area. It was declared a National Historic Landmark and a California Historical Landmark . The neighborhood
12654-559: Was granted some degree of greater autonomy. In 1849, the state of California ratified its first constitution, which contained the express objective of creating a complete educational system including a state university. Taking advantage of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts , the California State Legislature established an Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in 1866. However, it existed only on paper, as
12768-555: Was high, but one of the Rothschild family firms had previously purchased the quicksilver mine in Idrija (now in Slovenia) from Austria; thus the firm had a monopoly on quicksilver, until the discovery of New Almaden in California. Volume was expanded and the metal sold at a substantial markup returning a substantial profit to both Spain and the firm. Spain reclaimed the mine in 1863. In 1916,
12882-631: Was one of the founders of the Association of American Universities and since the 1970s seven of its campuses, in addition to Berkeley, have been admitted to the association. Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and San Diego are considered Public Ivies , making California the state with the most universities in the nation to hold the title. UC campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline , with UC faculty and researchers having won 71 Nobel Prizes as of 2021. The system's ten campuses have
12996-478: Was signed into state law by Governor Henry H. Haight (Low's successor) on March 23, 1868. However, as legally constituted, the new university was not an actual merger of the two colleges, but was an entirely new institution which merely inherited certain objectives and assets from each of them. Governor Haight saw no need to honor any tacit understandings reached with his predecessor about institutional continuity. Only two college trustees became regents and
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