The Kubitzki system is a system of plant taxonomy devised by Klaus Kubitzki , and is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants , entitled The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants , and extending to 15 volumes in 2018. The survey, in the form of an encyclopedia , is important as a comprehensive, multivolume treatment of the vascular plants, with keys to and descriptions of all families and genera , mostly by specialists in those groups. The Kubitzki system served as the basis for classification in Mabberley's Plant-Book , a dictionary of the vascular plants. Mabberley states, in his Introduction on page xi of the 2008 edition, that the Kubitzki system "has remained the standard to which other literature is compared".
14-444: 61 species; see text. Allocasuarina , commonly known as sheoak or she-oak , is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Allocasuarina are trees or shrubs with soft, pendulous, green branchlets, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth. Allocasuarinas are either monoecious or dioecious , the flowers never bisexual . Male and female flowers are arranged in spikes,
28-570: A seed, into roughly spherical, cone-like, woody structures. The roots have nitrogen-fixing nodules that contain the soil actinomycete Frankia . In Australia, the most widely used common name for Casuarinaceae species is sheoak or she-oak (a comparison of the timber quality with English oak ). Other common names in Australia include ironwood , bull-oak or buloke , beefwood , or cassowary tree . The Shire of Buloke in Victoria, Australia ,
42-416: Is covered except for the genus Medusandra , which was transferred to it from Malpighiales in 2009. Volume 10 (2011) covers the family Myrtaceae and the orders Cucurbitales and Sapindales . Volume 11 was published in 2014, and two further volumes in 2015. Volumes 2, and 5–7 address dicotyledons , while volumes 3, 4 and 13 address monocotyledons . Volumes 8–12 and 14 deal with eudicots . Because it
56-517: Is named after the species Allocasuarina luehmannii . Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships: Myricaceae ( outgroup ) Gymnostoma Ceuthostoma Allocasuarina Casuarina Kubitzki system In ordinal and family arrangements, the classification system in the initial angiosperm volumes closely resembles the Dahlgren system in Monocots and
70-520: Is the result of a work in progress, the Kubitzki system is incomplete for those groups of plants that have not yet been covered, and groups that have been completely covered are not revised in light of subsequent knowledge. Since the first volume was published in 1990, a great deal has been learned about plant taxonomy , mostly by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences . The classification of ferns has been completely overhauled in that time. And some of
84-580: The Cronquist system in Dicots, but later volumes have been influenced by recent molecular phylogenetic studies . The first volume of the series ( Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms ) covered lycophytes , monilophytes , and gymnosperms , and was published in 1990. By 2010, there were nine published volumes, covering 39 of the 59 orders of flowering plants that are recognized in the APG III system . The order Saxifragales
98-543: The Engler , Cronquist , and Kubitzki systems , the Casuarinaceae were the only family placed in the order Casuarinales. Members of this family are characterized by drooping equisetoid (meaning "looking like Equisetum "; that is, horsetail) twigs, evergreen foliage, monoecious or dioecious and infructescences ('fruiting bodies') strobiloid or cone-like, meaning combining many outward-pointing valves, each containing
112-572: The bracteoles of the fruiting cones are thin, woody and extend well beyond the cone body. The genus Allocasuarina was first formally described in 1982 by Lawrence Johnson in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens . In the same paper, Johnson transferred some species previously included in Casuarina to the new genus, and nominated Allocasuarina torulosa Aiton L.A.S.Johnson as
126-566: The gymnosperm families have been revised. For the flowering plants, the later volumes of the Kubitzki System follows the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group last revised in 2009 ( APG III system ), except for the recognition of smaller families. (For a complete listing of all volumes, see Klaus Kubitzki ) Divisions 4 Superorders In volumes 5,6,7,8 no groups above the taxonomic rank of order were recognized. In volume 9
140-589: The type species. The name Allocasuarina means "other Casuarina ". ("Allo-" in Greek means "other".) The following is a list of Allocasuarina accepted by the Australian Plant Census and Plants of the World Online as of April 2023: Plants in the genus Allocasuarina usually grow in nutrient-deficient soils and are endemic to southern Australia, but 4 species occur in north-eastern Queensland, and one in
154-701: The female spikes developing into cone-like structures enclosing winged seeds. The genera Allocasuarina and Casuarina are similar, and many formerly in the latter now included in Allocasuarina . Plants in the genus Allocasuarina are trees or shrubs with soft, pendulous, green branchlets, the leaves reduced to 4 to 14 scale-like teeth arranged around in whorls around ribbed, jointed branchlets. Allocasuarinas have separate male and female flowers, sometimes on one plant (monoecious), otherwise on separate male and female plants, (dioecious). Male flowers are arranged in spikes along branchlets that are usually different from
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#1732858233246168-483: The new genera of Gymnostoma in 1980 and 1982, Allocasuarina in 1982, and Ceuthostoma in 1988, with some additional formal descriptions of new species in each other genus. At the time, it was somewhat controversial. The monophyly of these genera was later supported in a 2003 phylogenetic study of the family. In the Wettstein system , this family was the only one placed in the order Verticillatae. Likewise, in
182-551: The north of Western Australia. Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales , consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa , Australia , Southeast Asia , Malesia , Papuasia , and the Pacific Islands . At one time, all species were placed in the genus Casuarina . Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson separated out many of those species and renamed them into
196-566: The vegetative branchlets. Female flowers are in spikes on short side-branches, the female spikes later developing into cone-like structures enclosing winged seeds known as samaras , which are reddish-brown to black, with thickly woody bracteoles that extend only slightly beyond the cone body. The genera Allocasuarina was created out of a grouping of plants formerly placed in Casuarina , because of subtle but consistent differences – Casuarina species have 6 to 20 scale-like teeth in each whorl of leaves, their samaras are grey or yellowish-brown, and
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