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81-596: Today only two short sections remain, which are used as industrial spurs . The railway's most notable surviving piece of infrastructure is the Little Current Swing Bridge , which crosses the North Channel of Lake Huron to connect Manitoulin Island with the mainland; as of 2021, it is used exclusively by road traffic, and is planned to be decommissioned. The line had a traffic base focused on forestry products from

162-510: A common sight along railroads in industrial and rural cities alike. As automobile and roadway technology improved throughout the early and mid-20th century, most low volume industry spurs were abandoned in favor of the greater flexibility and economic savings of trucking. Today, railroads remain the most economical way to ship large quantities of material, a fact that is reflected in industrial spurs. Most modern day spurs serve very large industries that require hundreds, if not thousands, of carloads

243-423: A main line. Branch lines may also connect two or more main lines. An industrial spur is a type of secondary track used by railroads to allow customers at a location to load and unload railcars without interfering with other railroad operations. Industrial spurs can vary greatly in length and railcar capacity depending on the requirements of the customer the spur is serving. In heavily industrialized areas, it

324-464: A mainline, they tend to have lower maintenance and signaling (train control) standards. Before the rise of the long-distance trucking in the early 1930s, railroads were the primary means of transportation around the world. Industries of the era were commonly built along railroad lines specifically to allow for easy access to shipping. Short (under a mile, oftentimes only several hundred yards) industrial spurs with very small (under ten car) capacities were

405-471: A major rolling stock renewal in 1919–22, when many of its older freight cars were scrapped and new ones were purchased; this coincided with the purchase of its most powerful freight locomotives. Many cars were gradually scrapped or sold off throughout the 1920s–30s, especially as the Great Depression reduced freight volumes, and only a dramatically reduced number of freight cars survived to be transferred to

486-654: A number of 2-8-0 "Consolidation" freight locomotives, which would complete the company's locomotive roster. The first, in February 1913, was Algoma Eastern #52 (or MLW #51182), which was capable of a higher tractive effort than any engine the company currently had. After the end of the First World War , several even more powerful locomotives were purchased: Algoma Eastern #53 and #54 ( Canadian Locomotive Company #1351 and #1352) in 1916, and Algoma Eastern #55 and #56 in 1921. At least one other 2-8-0 locomotive, Algoma Eastern #58,

567-572: A number of lakes of its own. In order of size, its three most prominent lakes are Lake Manitou , Lake Kagawong and Lake Mindemoya . These three lakes in turn have islands within them, the largest of these being Lake Mindemoya's 33-hectare (82-acre) Treasure Island , located in the centre of Mindemoya. The island is the site of the administrative office of the band government of the Sheshegwaning First Nation . The island has an area of 2,766 km (1,068 sq mi), making it

648-483: A powerful spirit is said to live. By the 19th century, the Odawa "l" was pronounced as "n". The same word with a newer pronunciation is used for the town Manitowaning (19th-century Odawa "Manidoowaaning"), which is located on Manitoulin Island near the underwater cave where legend has it that the spirit dwells. The modern Odawa name for Manitoulin Island is Mnidoo Mnis , meaning "Spirit Island". Manitoulin Island contains

729-572: A pulp and paper mill at Espanola . The Haight & Dickson Lumber Company had a sawmill near Creighton and the Mond Nickel Company opened the North Star Mine near Creighton as well. Another Canadian Copper Co. mine was served at Crean Hill . A yard, offices, engine repair facility and deep water port was located at Turner , directly opposite Little Current on Goat Island . The Lake Superior Corporation entered financial difficulty during

810-786: A section of the West Rail line . Discontinued services include the Sha Tau Kok Railway and the Wo Hop Shek Branch . A spur line to Siu Sai Wan has been proposed. Delhi On the Delhi Metro , the Blue Line has a Branch Line with 8 Stations, linking Yamuna Bank to Ghaziabad via Anand Vihar ISBT and terminating at Vaishali. The first section of the Branch opened on 8 January 2010 with Anand Vihar as its terminal with six stations. It

891-458: A steam railway, the Algoma Eastern had a number of steam locomotive facilities such as engine houses at Sudbury and Turner; coal facilities at Sudbury, Turner, and Creighton; and water facilities at Sudbury, Turner, Crean Hill, Espanola, and Whitefish Falls. None of these facilities are known to have survived. Coal was brought in via the coal dock at Turner Yard near Little Current. The yard had

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972-402: A steam-powered coal bridge and a stockpile area which was 700 feet (210 m) long and 250 feet (76 m) wide. This was lengthened to 1,100 feet (340 m) by 250 feet (76 m) in 1928. The coal bridge was removed in the 1960s. The original rails used for Manitoulin and North Shore Railway tracks were 60-pound steel rails, which were laid from Sudbury for 14 miles up to Gertrude, with

1053-523: A subsidy for grain transport, and instead allowed railways to absorb branch line subsidies freely without making effort to improve the profitability of the lines. The term "grain-dependent branch lines" began being used as early as 1978 to refer to the special case of these branch lines in agricultural areas whose viability depended on the economics of grain transport. The Western Grain Transportation Act of 1983 addressed this case specifically, but

1134-499: A three-track yard in Sudbury for train depot operations. By 1910, the M&;NS had switched to using 80-pound rails. A number of junctions and wyes existed along the Algoma Eastern during its history, as the railway facilitated bidirectional freight traffic from freight sources near the middle of the line, as well as rail-ship intermodal freight near the west end. The most famous of these is

1215-461: A year. There is an international branch line between Italy and Vatican: the 300-metre Vatican Railway , connecting from the Pisa-Rome railway mainline at Roma San Pietro railway station , to Vatican City station . Many British railway branch lines were closed as a result of the " Beeching cuts " in the 1960s, although some have been re-opened as heritage railways . The smallest branch line that

1296-510: Is characterized by long stretches of marked seasonal differences. The island has two incorporated towns ( Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands and Gore Bay ), eight townships ( Assiginack , Billings , Burpee and Mills , Central Manitoulin , Dawson , Gordon/Barrie Island , Robinson and Tehkummah ) and six Anishinaabe reserves ( M'Chigeeng , Sheguiandah, Sheshegwaning, Aundeck Omni Kaning, Wiikwemkoong and Zhiibaahaasing ). During

1377-417: Is not uncommon for one industrial spur to have multiple sidings to several different customers. Typically, spurs are serviced by local trains responsible for collecting small numbers of railcars and delivering them to a larger yard, where these railcars are sorted and dispatched in larger trains with other cars destined to similar locations. Because industrial spurs generally have less capacity and traffic than

1458-552: Is still in operation in the UK is the Stourbridge Town Branch Line from Stourbridge Junction going to Stourbridge Town . Operating on a single track, the journey is 0.8 miles (1.3 kilometres) long and the train takes around two and a half minutes to complete its journey. In North America, little-used branch lines are often sold by large railroads to become new common carrier short-line railroads of their own. Throughout

1539-692: Is the largest lake in a freshwater island in the world, and Treasure Island in Lake Mindemoya is the largest island in a lake on an island in a lake in the world. Motors are prohibited on boats on Nameless Lake . The island also has four major rivers: the Kagawong , Manitou River , Blue Jay Creek in Michael's Bay and Mindemoya rivers, which provide spawning grounds for salmon and trout . The Manitoulin Streams Improvement Association

1620-529: The Bay of Plenty Region , lines were built inland to provide rail access to large logging operations. Today, many of the branch lines have been closed, including almost all of the general-purpose country lines. Those that remain serve ports or industries far from main lines such as coal mines, logging operations, large dairying factories, and steelworks . In Auckland and Wellington , two branch lines in each city exist solely for commuter passenger trains. For more, see

1701-717: The Gladstone Branch in New Jersey; as well as the New Canaan Branch , Danbury Branch , and Waterbury Branch in Connecticut . The Long Island Rail Road also refers to its services as "branches". In Chile, there are a lot of branch lines on its main line, of only a few remain operational. Most only operating in turistic services (like the Antilhue-Valdivia branch line), others have been taken over by other railways (like

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1782-956: The Grand Trunk , Canadian National , or Canadian Pacific ) which would acquire formerly independent short line railways for use as branch lines, with the short line often continuing to exist as a subsidiary. For example, when the Canadian Pacific acquired the Algoma Eastern Railway (a short line) in 1930, it soon after abandoned much of the Algoma Eastern mainline, but retained sections close to Algoma Eastern–Canadian Pacific junctions as short branch lines or spurs. The National Transportation Act of 1967 provided government subsidies for branch lines. Western railway development in Canada worked in concert with land settlement and cultivation, as pioneers were settled near railway lines, often on land

1863-654: The Great Depression . In March 1930 the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) leased the AER for 999 years. The AER would be later dissolved in 1958, with its property vested in the CPR. Under CPR management, the tracks of the AER were consolidated and merged into the CPR system. System rationalization eventually saw duplicate AER tracks between Sudbury and Espanola removed. AER tracks serving metal mining and smelting industries in

1944-761: The North South Line between Jurong East and Choa Chu Kang stations was operated as a separate line, known as the Branch line . It was merged into the North–South Line with the opening of the Woodlands Extension in 1996. The future Jurong Region Line and Cross Island Line will also have branch lines. New Zealand once had a very extensive network of branch lines, especially in the South Island regions of Canterbury , Otago , and Southland . Many were built in

2025-619: The Paleo-Indian and Archaic periods, dating at least to 10,000 BC and possibly to 30,000 years ago. Additional studies were undertaken by a team he led from the National Museum of Canada in succeeding years. Popular interest in the finds was so high that it contributed to Ontario's passing legislation in 1953 to protect its archaeological sites. A team performed excavations again in the early 1990s, applying new methods of analysis from botany and other scientific disciplines. They concluded

2106-672: The South Tseung Kwan O Spur Line to LOHAS Park station , opened in 2009. Earlier, a spur line was built in 1985 on the East Rail line to serve Racecourse station , bypassing Fo Tan station . Also, the Tsim Sha Tsui Extension  [ yue ] was built in 2004 on the East Rail line to serve East Tsim Sha Tsui station . However, after the Kowloon Southern Link was completed in 2009, this spur line turns into

2187-567: The Sudbury Basin . American industrialist Francis Clergue had recently boosted the pulp and paper industry around Sault Ste. Marie, creating another market for the North Shore logging industry. The need for sulfuric acid in paper-making drove Clergue's interest in far eastern nickel-mining locations near Sudbury , which were quite distant from his Lake Superior Corporation's Sault Ste. Marie -based business empire. These far eastern properties,

2268-625: The War of 1812 between Britain and the United States. They ceded the island to the British Crown in 1836; the government set aside the land as a refuge for Natives. In 1838 Jean-Baptiste Proulx re-established a Roman Catholic mission . The Jesuits took over the mission in 1845. In 1862, the government opened up the island to settlement by non-Native people by the Manitoulin Island treaty. As

2349-590: The Wikwemikong chief did not accept this treaty, his people's reserve was held back from being offered for development. That reserve remains unceded. On August 7, 1975, the Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve reasserted their claim to sovereignty over the islands off the east end of Manitoulin Island, declaring, "Wikwemikong Band has jurisdiction over its reservation lands and surrounding waters." The province erected an Ontario Historical Plaque on

2430-428: The escarpment , provides a lookout over the island. Manitoulin Island experiences a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with moderation from Lake Huron . The island experiences warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters. Manitoulin Island has a comparable climate to that of Hokkaido, Japan ( hemiboreal climate), despite being on the same latitude as Lugano, Switzerland , which has a temperate climate . The island

2511-624: The fur trade with the French. As part of what was called the Beaver Wars , the Iroquois drove the Anishinaabe people from the island by 1650. According to Anishinaabe oral tradition, to purify the island from disease, the people burned their settlements as they left. The island was mostly uninhabited for nearly 150 years. Native people ( Odawa , Ojibwe , Potawatomi ) began to return to the island following

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2592-635: The list of New Zealand railway lines . Manitoulin Island Manitoulin Island ( / ˌ m æ n ə ˈ t uː l ɪ n / MAN -ə- TOO -lin ) is an island in Lake Huron , located within the borders of the Canadian province of Ontario , in the bioregion known as Laurentia . With an area of 2,766 km (1,068 sq mi), it is the largest lake island in the world, large enough that it has over 100 lakes itself. In addition to

2673-471: The 2-8-0 freight locomotives the company would later acquire, and were used for passenger service. They were also joined in 1912 by an older 4-6-0 locomotive, built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW #20272) in 1902, a type commonly used for express passenger service due to its capacity for sustained high speeds; it was designated Algoma Eastern #40. After this, Algoma Eastern began to acquire

2754-554: The AER had been converted by CPR to a dual railway and road vehicle bridge in 1946; the 1980s traffic declines saw CPR eliminate rail service to Little Current and the bridge became exclusively a road vehicle bridge. During the 1990s the line between Espanola and Turner was downgraded by CPR to the Little Current Spur and eventually abandoned south of the pulp mill in Espanola. Today, aside from remote sections of industrial track in

2835-485: The Algoma Eastern Railway had a small but significant amount of steam-driven rolling stock , which serviced its passenger and freight operations. After Canadian Pacific took over its operations, the surviving rolling stock was used by Canadian Pacific alongside CP's own vehicles and equipment to service the line as it was gradually abandoned. Algoma Eastern's first locomotive, acquired during its M&NS days,

2916-460: The Algoma Eastern also provided passenger service, and the Algoma Eastern and Canadian Pacific lines crossed each other at Algoma Eastern's mile 38 milepoint , just west of the town. Further to the west, the Algoma Eastern had a stretch of track consisting of its station at Espanola, the Espanola rail bridge across the Spanish River, a north-south-east wye connecting to the rest of its mainline to

2997-453: The Algoma Eastern owned over 500 freight cars during its nearly twenty-year existence, though its freight roster was constantly fluctuating. This included boxcars , flatcars , gondolas , and ore cars . There were also several maintenance of way vehicles, as well as two cabooses . The majority of freight cars were flatcars (creating important logistical capacity for the timber industry), followed by boxcars and gondolas. The railway undertook

3078-474: The Algoma Eastern, it then had ownership of two Espanola stations, so the Stanley Junction station was renamed again to McKerrow . Industrial spur A branch line is a secondary railway line which branches off a more important through route, usually a main line . A very short branch line may be called a spur line . Branch lines may serve one or more industries, or a city or town not located on

3159-504: The CPR. The Algoma Eastern Railway's infrastructure was built and dismantled by necessity and evolved over time, though by the railway's early-1920s heyday it had largely stabilized. After the railway's acquisition by Canadian Pacific, much of the infrastructure would be slowly removed, especially as the towns and industries it served declined. At the time of its 1930 lease to CP, it had seven full stations (at Copper Cliff, Creighton, Nairn, Espanola, Birch Island, McGregor Bay, and access to

3240-501: The Clara Belle or Clarabelle Junction near Copper Cliff, which is still in use today. This junction connected Algoma Eastern and Canadian Pacific tracks and allowed ore from mines like at Creighton to be moved eastward. Other junctions, such as Stanley junction (now McKerrow ), grew up into small towns, in part due to the presence of significant industries nearby, or the advantages created by the presence of other rail lines. Elsie Junction,

3321-563: The Espanola station in 1990. The sole known survivor is the Willisville passenger shelter, which was relocated to private property and is in use as a shed. Also in 1930, the railway had seven section houses , a type of railway facility often used to temporarily house workers or to store supplies. These consisted of two in Creighton and one each in Mond, Drury, Espanola, Whitefish Falls, and Turner. As

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3402-533: The Gertrude and Elsie mines, soon became important to the Lake Superior Corporation, and drove the demand for a rail link. Far from the original M&NS charter of a rail link connecting Manitoulin Island to the North Shore, Clergue's 1900 charter allowed for a Sudbury-to-Sault Ste. Marie rail connection, along with the original M&NS plan of a connection to Manitoulin. When construction began in 1901,

3483-413: The M&NS line roughly paralleled the CPR line and ran on the south shore of the Spanish River, but was often no more than five or six feet above the river's summer level; in the opinion of rail historian Dale Wilson, "spring flood-waters must have been a chronic problem." At the same time, earlier sections of the line closer to Sudbury were improved with some draining of the muskeg lands and improvement of

3564-705: The Mindemoya River in 2010. Although culturally and politically considered part of Northern Ontario , the island is physiographically part of Southern Ontario , an "eastward extension of the Interior Plains, a region characterized by low relief and sedimentary underpinnings". The island consists mainly of dolomite as it is a continuation of the Bruce Peninsula and Niagara Escarpment . This geological rock formation runs south into Niagara Falls and continues into New York . The "Cup and Saucer Trail", which climbs

3645-666: The San Rosendo-Talcahuano branch line, which has been taken over by Biotrén and the Laja-Talcahuano train service) however, there is one branch line that still remains as fully operative. The Talca-Constitución branch line, which uses trains with bus motors. Two extensions to the MTR rapid transit network were built as branches of existing lines: the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line to Lok Ma Chau station , which opened in 2007; and

3726-706: The Sudbury area were maintained as spurs. The AER line from Espanola south to Turner and Little Current was renamed the Little Current Subdivision and remained active into the 1970s for transporting iron ore pellets to a ship loader at Turner for furtherance on lakers and coal from Turner to smelters in the Sudbury Basin. By the 1980s, traffic on the Little Current Sub had entered decline as metal products were no longer being shipped by lakers from Turner. The 1913-era Little Current Swing Bridge built by

3807-579: The Sudbury area, the only remnant of the AER in operation is the 2.95 mi (4.75 km) Little Current Spur which runs from the former CPR mainline (now operated by the Huron Central Railway ( reporting mark HCRY )) at McKerrow south to Espanola. The development of the Manitoulin and North Shore, or Algoma Eastern, was first and foremost guided by the presence and location of various natural resources along Lake Huron 's North Shore, as well as

3888-543: The U.S. state of New Jersey . The line is a short branch of the Northeast Corridor Line , running from Princeton Junction northwest to Princeton with no intermediate stops. Also known as the "Dinky Line", at 2.9 mi (4.7 km) it is the shortest scheduled commuter rail line in the United States. The run takes 4 minutes, 47 seconds. Other than the Princeton Line, other surviving branch lines include

3969-469: The United States and Canada, branch lines link smaller towns too distant from the main line to be served efficiently, or to serve a certain industrial site such as a power station either because of a location away from the main line or to reduce congestion. They were typically built to lower standards, using lighter rail and shallow roadbeds when compared to main lines. Much of Canada's branch line history relates to large rail transport conglomerates (such as

4050-528: The abundant forests on the north shore of Lake Huron such as pulp and paper and milled lumber, as well as the metal mining and smelting industries of the Sudbury Basin . Major traffic sources included the Canadian Copper Company 's smelter at Clarabelle and a Canadian Copper Co. mine at Creighton . The Lake Superior Corporation had a nickel mine at Elsie and a nickel mine and smelter at Gertrude . The Spanish River Pulp & Paper Company had

4131-462: The builders, Fauquier Brothers, avoided cutting straight through the "ever-present" rock ridges of the western Sudbury area. Instead, sidehill construction was used, creating a meandering, indirect course. The muskeg and swamp areas of the right of way resulted in the need for a number of wooden trestles or use of gravel fill. The builders did make cuts through softer clay ridges, but used an absolute minimum of track ballast , inevitably causing

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4212-494: The clay belts and muskeg west of Sudbury would always be challenging terrain, and as active and passive deforestation due to industrial operations at locations like O'Donnell devastated the environment in the area, it would become even more desolate, and less attractive to permanent human habitation. Today much of that area of the line, both active and disused, is relatively remote, and is still used for Vale Limited industrial operations. Before its acquisition by Canadian Pacific,

4293-477: The exception of the oldest combine, which had already been disposed of ten years before) and renumbered according to Canadian Pacific's own numbering scheme. The baggage car was the first to be scrapped, in 1941, and the last, the pair of first-class coaches, were scrapped at the CPR Angus Shops in 1958. No passenger cars are known to have survived to the present day. As a railway which primarily hauled freight,

4374-552: The first president of the Canadian National Railway , said that although most branch lines cannot pay for themselves, they are even essential to make main lines pay. In the United States, abandonment of unproductive branch lines was a byproduct of deregulation of the rail industry through the Staggers Act . The Princeton Branch is a commuter rail line and service owned and operated by New Jersey Transit (NJT) in

4455-512: The historic Anishinaabe and European settlement of the island, archaeological discoveries at Sheguiandah have demonstrated Paleo-Indian and Archaic cultures dating from 10,000 BC to 2,000 BC. The current name of the island is the English version, via French , of the Ottawa or Ojibwe name Manidoowaaling (ᒪᓂᑝᐙᓕᓐᒃ), which means "cave of the spirit". It was named for an underwater cave where

4536-429: The island and Border Patrol clearance. As of 2016 , the population was 13,255. Ethnic groups Religious groups The most common first languages on Manitoulin Island in 2016 were English (80.8%), Ojibwe (11.2%), French (2.8%), German (0.8%), and Odawa (0.8%). In 1952 archaeologist Thomas E. Lee discovered Sheguiandah on the island, a prehistoric site. During excavation, he found artefacts of

4617-414: The island's trademark hawberries . These berries are so distinctive that people born on the island are referred to as " Haweaters ". Each year on the August long weekend , the island hosts the Haweater Festival. The festival attracts numerous tourists; it features parades, firework shows, craft shows, and rural competitions such as horse pulls. Year-round motor-vehicle access to the island is available via

4698-483: The largest freshwater island in the world, the 174th largest island in the world and Canada's 31st largest island . The island separates the larger part of Lake Huron to its south and west from Georgian Bay to its east and the North Channel to the north. Manitoulin Island itself has 108 freshwater lakes, some of which have their own islands; in turn several of these "islands within islands" have their own ponds. Lake Manitou , at 104 km (40 sq mi),

4779-427: The late 19th century to open up inland regions for farming and other economic activities. The branches in the South Island regions were often general-purpose lines that carried predominantly agricultural traffic, but lines elsewhere were often built to serve a specific resource: on the West Coast , an extensive network of branch lines was built in rugged terrain to serve coal mines, while in the central North Island and

4860-400: The line's infrastructure, which was not completely successful. In April 1913, railway construction had carved its way through the La Cloche Mountains to Turner , which was across the North Channel from Little Current on Manitoulin Island , and which was the chosen location for dock facilities, as well as the railway's western yard. By October, the now-iconic Little Current Swing Bridge

4941-413: The location of one of the Algoma Eastern's earliest stations, faded from prominence after the First World War, in no small part due to the closure of the Elsie Mine, and was approximately replaced by Nickelton, the location of the British-American Nickel Company (BANC) smelter, which was near the Murray Mine . After the collapse of the BANC in 1924, the spur from Nickelton junction was abandoned, though it

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5022-524: The one-lane Little Current Swing Bridge , which crosses the North Channel at Little Current . From late May to early October, a daily passenger-vehicle ferry, the MS  Chi-Cheemaun ( Ojibwe for "Big Canoe"), travels between Tobermory on the tip of the Bruce Peninsula and South Baymouth . Winter ice prevents ferry service during that season. There are two airports on the island. Gore Bay-Manitoulin Airport , and Manitoulin East Municipal Airport , which opened in 1988. Both allow small planes access to

5103-402: The other end of the spectrum were a pair of brand-new dedicated first-class passenger cars built by CCF in August 1912. With another pair of combines and a dedicated baggage car, this completed a roster of one baggage car, three combines (one of which was later converted to a second baggage car), and three coaches. After the takeover by Canadian Pacific, the passenger cars were all retained (with

5184-433: The rails under the weight of trains to be submerged in mud during or after wet weather. Around the same time, a then-unconnected section was constructed of what would ultimately be the Algoma Eastern line, from Stanley Junction (later McKerrow ) south to what would become Espanola , through the hills north of the La Cloche Mountains and across the Spanish River . This spur was promptly leased to Canadian Pacific, as there

5265-436: The railways had owned. However, by the mid-20th century, railways began neglecting lines in western agricultural regions. This was historically driven by factors such as the Crow Rate , which regulated the price railways could charge for shipping grain. Railways had little incentive to invest in rural Prairie branch lines, but were legally unable to abandon them under the National Transportation Act , which also did not provide

5346-513: The remainder were scrapped in 1955–57 during the height of the dieselization era. Algoma Eastern's passenger car roster was eclectic and poorly documented, with a sizable portion of it being transferred from the Algoma Central, and at least one car being purchased secondhand from an equipment dealer. The earliest known passenger car was a combine car , #201, which was transferred from Algoma Central in April 1911, and originally purchased from Fitshugh & Co. (an equipment dealer) in August 1900; it

5427-407: The route used by the French colonial voyageurs and coureurs des bois to reach Lake Superior . The first known European to settle on the island was Father Joseph Poncet , a French Jesuit , who set up a mission near Wiikwemkoong in 1648. The Jesuits called the island "Isle de Ste-Marie". In addition, the Five Nations of the Iroquois began raiding the island and area to try to control

5508-476: The shared CPR station in Sudbury ), along with passenger shelters at many locations along the track. Previously, Algoma Eastern had also used the now-demolished Canadian National station located in Sudbury's Flour Mill district, and very early in its operations had picked up passengers at the Elm Street crossing where its tracks joined with Canadian Pacific's. After the end of passenger service, all of these stations were gradually demolished by CP Rail, some as late as

5589-403: The site was at least 9500 years old, making it one of the most significant in Ontario. Manitoulin means spirit island in Anishinaabemowin ( Ojibwe language ). The island is considered sacred by the Native Anishinaabe people, who identify as the "People of the Three Fires ." This loose confederation is made up of the Ojibwe , Odawa and Potawatomi tribes. The North Channel was part of

5670-408: The south and east, and to the north a short spur connecting it to the Canadian Pacific mainline at Stanley Junction. Over time Stanley Junction became known by several names, as in 1919 the CPR station there was renamed to Espanola station, despite this station being some distance from the town of Espanola, and the Algoma Eastern already operating an Espanola station. After Canadian Pacific's takeover of

5751-460: The summer, the population (12,600 permanent residents) on the island grows by more than a quarter due to tourists coming for boating and other activities in scenic surroundings. The island, along with several smaller neighbouring islands, constitutes the Manitoulin District census division of Ontario. Manitoulin Island's soil is relatively alkaline , which precludes the growth of common Northern Ontario flora such as blueberries , but allows for

5832-509: Was a 2-6-0 "Mogul" engine built by Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW #41092) in 1907. Originally designated as Algoma Central #27, it was transferred from its sister railway (Algoma Central) to Algoma Eastern and renumbered as Algoma Eastern #50. Another 2-6-0 engine followed in 1912, this time a brand new unit (MLW #51183) built in September of that year, which became Algoma Eastern #51. Both of these 2-6-0 locomotives were smaller and lighter than

5913-570: Was formed in 2000 and incorporated in 2007. The organization rehabilitates streams, rivers and creeks on Manitoulin Island to improve water quality and the fisheries resource. The Manitoulin Streams Improvement Association has conducted enhancement strategies for the Manitou River and Blue Jay Creek. The association has rehabilitated 17 major sites on the Manitou River and three major sites on Blue Jay Creek; it has completed work on Bass Lake Creek and Norton's Creek. The organization plans to start work on

5994-496: Was further extended to Vaishali in 2011. The line is planned to be extended from Vaishali to Mohan Nagar via Sahibabad Station to link with the main line. The East West Line of the MRT system in Singapore has a two-station branch to Changi Airport . The first station, Expo , opened in 2001. It was extended to Changi Airport station the next year. From 1990 to 1996, the section of

6075-567: Was included in rosters, but was likely borrowed or leased from another railway. Algoma Eastern's Official Railway Equipment Registers show an all-time peak locomotive roster of ten, in 1919–20, up from three in 1914/5; this would decline to eight thereafter and stabilize at that number until the end of the Algoma Eastern Railway Company in 1930. Every documented Algoma Eastern locomotive is known to have been scrapped other than #58. #40 and #50 were scrapped in 1927, #51 in 1952, and

6156-606: Was later temporarily rebuilt to serve the Murray Mine again in 1940. While a number of potential junction points and interchanges with the Canadian Pacific were not used, such as at Crean Hill, others were set up further west. One of the more significant was at Turbine, where the Canadian Pacific and Algoma Eastern rights of way nearly overlapped, and an interchange was set up. A spur to the Huronian Power Company hydroelectric dam and adjacent village of High Falls , which

6237-484: Was no way for Algoma Eastern to service it from its Sudbury yard without using Canadian Pacific's tracks. Sluggishly, and after a number of financial and management setbacks with its parent company, the Lake Superior Corporation, the Manitoulin and North Shore Railway continued to push west from Sudbury throughout the late 1900s and early 1910s, maintaining its plans to build all the way to Sault Ste. Marie and to connect to its spur at Stanley Junction. From Turbine to Nairn,

6318-601: Was open, allowing trains (and later, road vehicles) to cross the North Channel. In the time after the construction of the railway, the area's environment would be slowly transformed. Hydroelectric power operations such as the INCO High Falls and Nairn Falls Dam and Generating Plant would help to slightly stabilize the seasonal flooding of the Spanish River through the creation of the Agnew Lake reservoir upstream. As well,

6399-516: Was originally operated by Canadian Pacific, was given over to the Algoma Eastern, as Huronian's parent company, the Canadian Copper Company (later Inco ) "favoured the [Algoma Eastern]'s competition." In 1938, with the Algoma Eastern in the process of being "rationalized" with the CP line, the railway spur was converted to a road. At Nairn , built from scratch as a Canadian Pacific railway town ,

6480-568: Was possibly originally owned by the abortive Iron Range and Huron Bay Railroad in Michigan. In 1913, a dedicated passenger coach, #81 (second-class and smoking), was transferred from the Algoma Central, which had seating for 70–86 passengers, and was built in September 1912 by either Canadian Car and Foundry (CCF) or the Preston Car Company , and which was probably a rebuilt baggage car. At

6561-488: Was repealed in 1994 in the wake of the North American Free Trade Agreement and budget-balancing initiatives in favour of a one-time payout by the federal government directly to farmers, to arrange transport of grain themselves. From the mid-1970s to the late 2010s, more than 9,300 kilometres (5,800 mi) of Prairie branch lines were abandoned or had a discontinuance of service. David Blyth Hanna ,

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