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82-810: Alder Hey Children's Hospital is a children's hospital and NHS foundation trust in West Derby , Liverpool , England. It is one of the largest children's hospitals in the United Kingdom, and one of several specialist hospitals within the Liverpool City Region , alongside the Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Liverpool Women's Hospital , Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , the Walton Centre , Mersey Regional Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit , and Clatterbridge Cancer Centre . The site

164-475: A Psychiatrist in Leeds, detailed that children were emotionally damaged by their stay in hospital. In the post-war era, critiques became more widespread and studies were conducted to examine potential harms. René Spitz , an Austrian-American psychoanalyst , published an article in 1945 in which he noted deleterious effects of hospitalisation, based on his research with institutionalised children. L.A. Perry wrote

246-406: A 1947 Lancet article that protested the restrictions of parental visits on hospitalized children. However, Edelston wrote in 1948, that many of this colleagues still refused to believe in hospitalisation trauma Bowlby studied 44 juvenile thieves and found that a significantly high number had experienced early and traumatic separation from their mother. In 1949, he used the data to write a report for

328-428: A University of Liverpool degree as well as a degree from XJTLU. The teaching language is English. The university offers a wide selection of accommodation that are on campus as well as student villages off campus. As part of a £660 million investment in campus facilities and student experience, the university has built 3 new on campus halls, while refurbishing existing accommodation. The accommodation offered currently by

410-416: A better choice when it comes to treating rare afflictions that may prove fatal or severely detrimental to young children, in some cases before birth. Also, many children's hospitals will continue to see children with rare illnesses into adulthood, allowing for a continuity of care. Prior to 19th century hospital reforms, the well-being of the child was thought to be in the hands of the mother; therefore, there

492-582: A broad range of teaching and research in both arts and sciences, and the University of Liverpool School of Medicine established in 1835 is today one of the largest medical schools in the UK. It also has strong links to the neighbouring Royal Liverpool University Hospital . The university has a students' union to represent students' interests, known as the Liverpool Guild of Students . The university previously had

574-713: A catered or self-catering basis. The centrepiece of the campus remains the university's original red brick building, the Victoria Building. Opened in 1892, it has recently been restored as the Victoria Gallery and Museum, complete with cafe and activities for school visits. In 2011 the university made a commitment to invest £660m into the 'Student Experience', £250m of which will reportedly be spent on Student Accommodation. Announced so far have been two large On-Campus halls of residences (the first of which, Vine Court, opened September 2012), new Veterinary Science facilities, and

656-638: A collaboration of twenty leading research-intensive universities, as well as a founding member of the N8 Group in 2004. In the 21st century physicists, engineers and technicians from the University of Liverpool were involved in the construction of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN , working on two of the four detectors in the LHC. In 2004, Sylvan Learning, later known as Laureate International Universities, became

738-482: A flower by teenage patient Eleanor Brogan impressed architects and inspired their final design. The hospital is a centre of excellence for oncology and muscular dystrophy as well as spinal, heart and brain conditions. It was also the first UK Centre of Excellence for Childhood Lupus and is: Alder Hey has Europe's first 3T Intraoperative MRI scanner which is a pioneering technology for neurosurgery, providing surgeons with extremely high resolution images and reducing

820-579: A large atrium and houses seven separate laboratories that can accommodate 1,600 students at a time. A flexible teaching space, computing centre, multi-departmental teaching spaces and communal work spaces can also be found inside. The adjoining University Lecture Block building contains four lecture rooms and further social spaces. In 2008 the University of Liverpool was voted joint seventeenth greenest university in Britain by WWF supported company Green League. This represents an improvement after finishing 55th in

902-403: A major cause of infant mortality. The voluntary nature of hospitals meant that such outbreaks were very costly. In the mid-19th century western world, middle-class women and physicians became increasingly concerned about the well-being of children in poor living conditions. Although infant mortality had begun to decline, it still remained a prominent issue. Social reformers blamed the emergence of

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984-624: A mixture of Wake-on-LAN and commercial power management software. The university is ranked in the top 1% of universities worldwide according to Academic ranking of world universities and has previously been ranked within the top 150 university globally by the guide. It is also a founding member of the Russell Group and a founding member of the Northern Consortium . The university is a research-based university with 33,000 students pursuing over 450 programmes spanning 54 subject areas. It has

1066-645: A pay rise of 1% which unions equated to a 13% pay cut since 2008. The strikes were supported by both the university's Guild of Students and the National Union of Students . Some students at the university supported the strike, occupying buildings on campus. The university is mainly based around a single urban campus approximately five minutes' walk from Liverpool City Centre, at the top of Brownlow Hill and Mount Pleasant. Occupying 100 acres, it contains 192 non-residential buildings that house 69 lecture theatres, 114 teaching areas and research facilities. The main site

1148-565: A recently refurbished Lecture Theatre Block (LTB) and teaching facilities (Central Teaching Labs, CTL) for the Departments of Chemistry and Physics and the School of Environmental Sciences, within the university's Central City Centre Campus. It was completed and officially opened in September 2012 with an estimated project cost of £23m. The main building, the 'Central Teaching Laboratory', is built around

1230-402: A strategic partnership with Laureate International Universities , a for-profit college collective, for University of Liverpool online degrees. In 2019, the university announced a new partnership with Kaplan Open Learning for delivery of their online degrees. The figurehead of the university is the chancellor . The following have served in that role: The professional head of the university

1312-733: A total of over 34,000 square feet. Alder Hey runs an Arts for Health programme, funded entirely through charitable sources including Alder Hey Children's Charity. The programme aims to enhance the experience of being a patient and includes animation projects, music and dance therapy, creative writing, comedy workshops and storytelling. An international child health development programme led by Alder Hey clinicians focuses on humanitarian work in developing countries. The programme includes provision of immediate medical support, knowledge sharing and involvement with international clinical trials. The programme has undertaken work across Africa and Asia , including Pakistan , Malawi , Nepal and India . During

1394-514: A £10m refurbishment of the Liverpool Guild of Students . New Central Teaching Laboratories for physics, earth sciences, chemistry and archaeology were opened in autumn 2012. In 2013, the University of Liverpool opened a satellite campus in Finsbury Square in London , offering a range of professionally focussed masters programmes. The Central Teaching Hub is a large multi-use building that houses

1476-662: Is also associated with Professors Ronald Finn and Sir Cyril Clarke who jointly won the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 1980 and Sir David Weatherall who won the Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science in 2010. These Lasker Awards are popularly known as America's Nobels . Over the 2013/2014 academic year, members of staff took part in numerous strikes after staff were offered

1558-540: Is divided into three faculties: Health and Life Sciences; Humanities and Social Sciences; and Science and Engineering. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Leahurst) and Ness Botanical Gardens are based on the Wirral Peninsula . There was formerly a marine biology research station at Port Erin on the Isle of Man until it closed in 2006. Fifty-one residential buildings, on or near the campus, provide 3,385 rooms for students, on

1640-609: Is situated in Suzhou Industrial Park in the eastern part of Suzhou in the province of Jiangsu , 90 km west of Shanghai. It is a science and engineering university with a second focus in English, recognised by the Chinese Ministry of Education as a "not for profit" educational institution. The university offers undergraduate degree programmes in the fields of Science, Engineering, and Management. Students are rewarded with

1722-657: Is the vice-chancellor . The following have served in that role: Since 2009, teaching departments of the university have been divided into three faculties: Science and Engineering, Health and Life Sciences, and Humanities and Social Sciences. Each faculty is headed by an Executive Pro-Vice-Chancellor, who is responsible for all schools in the faculty. Faculty of Health & Life Sciences Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences Faculty of Science & Engineering In terms of average UCAS points of entrants, Liverpool ranked 40th in Britain in 2014. The university gives offers of admission to 83.1% of its applicants,

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1804-633: Is within the National Institute for Health and Care Research 's Top 100 Performing Trust's for participation recruitment in 2013/14. Alder Hey was a finalist in the Clinical Research Impact category of the 2013 HSJ Awards and in 2014 the innovation team received the Health Service Journal Award for improving health care with technology. In 2016 the first phase of a bespoke research, education and innovation centre, Institute in

1886-484: The Foundling Hospital founded by Thomas Coram in 1741 were created to receive abandoned infants, nurse them back to health, teach them a trade or skill, and integrate them back into society. Dispensaries funded by donations also provided medicine and medical attention to those who could not afford private care. The Scottish paediatrician George Armstrong , who established the first British dispensary , in 1769,

1968-639: The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP), Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH), and the American Board of Pediatrics . In New Zealand, the RACP offers vocational training in paediatrics. Once RACP training is completed the doctor is awarded the Fellowship of the RACP (FRACP) in paediatrics. While many normal hospitals can treat children adequately, pediatric specialists may be

2050-628: The Royal Manchester Children's Hospital . Early western children's hospitals were independent institutions funded by voluntary donations, and from research. Often, children could only be admitted if they were sponsored by a letter of recommendation from a hospital affiliate. The "undeserving poor" were sent to workhouse infirmaries, whilst middle class children were generally cared for, and indeed operated on, at home. Hospitals set their own rules and had their own way of working, including regulating admissions. They often excluded children under

2132-634: The Russell Group , and in Northern England , the N8 Group . As of 2024, the university holds four academic fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences and one of the British Academy . Among its alumni and faculty are 10 Nobel prize laureates , with notable alumni leading fields in medicine , law , business , engineering , arts , politics , and technology . Liverpool is consistently ranked among

2214-595: The Second World War , parts of the hospital were again used to treat injured military personnel. The Liverpool Neonatal Surgical Unit opened at the hospital in 1953. This unit was the first neonatal intensive care unit in the United Kingdom. The opening was largely due to the efforts of Isabella Forshall , a paediatric surgeon. In 1990 when Myrtle Street Children's Hospital (founded in 1869 and previously known as Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital) closed, Alder Hey absorbed its A&E department . The hospital authority

2296-458: The Tavistock Clinic , James Robertson , a Scottish social worker and psychoanalyst , researched the separation of young children from their parents during hospital stays and criticised the negative impacts on the children of policies of limited visiting. By the 1950s, British politicians were concerned enough about the impact of children's hospital policy to create a committee to research

2378-446: The University of Cambridge with physical and mental health services located alongside research activity. In addition to psychosocial support, children's hospitals have the added benefit of being staffed by professionals who are trained in treating children. A medical doctor that undertakes vocational training in paediatrics must also be accepted for membership by a professional college before they can practice paediatrics. These include

2460-597: The World Health Organization 's on the mental health of homeless children in post-war Europe. With the introduction of penicillin into the majority of the medical community by the 1940s, the major objection by doctors and nurses, that visits by parents into hospital wards introduced cross infections had been removed. A major review in 1949, over an 11-month period, showed that children admitted to 26 wards in 14 hospitals showed no correlation between visits and cross infection from parents to children. By that time,

2542-673: The psychosocial support of children and their families. Some children and young people have to spend relatively long periods in hospital, so having access to play and teaching staff can also be an important part of their care. With local partnerships, this can include trips to local botanical gardens, zoos, and public libraries for instance. Designs for the new Cambridge Children's Hospital, approved in 2022, plan to fully integrate mental and physical health provision for children and young people, bringing together services of three partners: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust , and

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2624-403: The synapse and William Blair-Bell's work on chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. In the 1930s to 1940s Sir James Chadwick and Sir Joseph Rotblat made major contributions to the development of the atomic bomb . From 1943 to 1966 Allan Downie , Professor of Bacteriology, was involved in the eradication of smallpox . In 1994 the university was a founding member of the Russell Group ,

2706-671: The 1990s, Alder Hey was featured in the BBC television series Children's Hospital . In 2011, chef Heston Blumenthal took to the challenge of changing the dinner menu of Alder Hey Children's Hospital on his televised show, Heston's Mission Impossible . Since September 2012, Alder Hey has regularly featured on the CBBC television series Operation Ouch! . In October 2013, the Care Quality Commission's Intelligent Monitoring system placed Alder Hey in category one, meaning it would be amongst

2788-556: The 7th highest amongst the Russell Group . According to the 2017 Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, approximately 12% of Liverpool's undergraduates come from independent schools. In the 2016–17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 72:3:25 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with a female to male ratio of 55:45. In the Complete University Guide 2013, published in The Independent ,

2870-491: The Park, opened next to Alder Hey in the Park. In November 2015, the institute hosted a children's health Hackathon in conjunction with Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Alder Hey was the first hospital to: Alder Hey Children's Charity supports the work of the hospital. In addition to NHS funding which covers the running costs of the hospital, Alder Hey relies on charitable support. Funds are spent directly on initiatives in

2952-541: The University of Liverpool was ranked 31st out of 124, based on nine measures, while The Times Good University Guide 2008 ranked Liverpool 34th out of 113 universities. The Sunday Times university guide recently ranked the University of Liverpool 27th out of 123. In 2010, The Sunday Times has ranked University of Liverpool 29th of 122 institutions nationwide. In 2008 the THE-QS World University Rankings rated University of Liverpool 99th best in

3034-406: The University of Liverpool's reputation for internationally outstanding research. Chemistry, Computer Science, General Engineering, Archaeology, Agriculture, Veterinary & Food Science, Architecture, Clinical Medicine, and English, are ranked in the top 10 in the UK for research excellence rated as 4* (world-leading) or 3* (internationally excellent), and also performed particularly well in terms of

3116-509: The ability of children and parents to interact, such as by limiting visiting hours. This approach was criticised for decades before shifts in practice occurred. Surgeon James Henderson Nicholl of the Glasgow Hospital for Sick Children, who pioneered day surgery procedures such as Hernia and cleft palate , stated in 1909 that: '[I]n children under 2 years of age, there a few operations indeed that cannot be as advantageously carried out in

3198-445: The age of two on humanitarian and pragmatic grounds and were often hesitant to admit children who required long-term care in fear that those lives would be lost or that long-term care would block beds for those in immediate need. Early children's hospitals focused more on short-term care and treating mild illnesses rather than long-term intensive care. Treating serious diseases and illnesses in early children's hospitals could result in

3280-447: The charity Art For Their Sake, a team of volunteer artists led by founder George Nicholas (now of Ormskirk, England), produced the world's longest mural in the corridors of Alder Hey Children's Hospital. A Guinness Record was set with a total of 17,963 square feet of murals, and awarded to the hospital in 1986. Nicholas and his team continued to work on these murals for a period of 30 years, adding to as well as restoring and maintaining, for

3362-560: The charity announced over £20m had been raised. Alder Hey has numerous notable supporters, including Yoko Ono as Honorary Patron, Steven Gerrard as Appeal Founding Partner and Patrons including: In 2009 charitable support allowed Alder Hey to buy Europe's first 3T intraoperative MRI scanner. In one charitably funded project, the sound recordist and musician Chris Watson was employed to devise an art project, using bird song recordings made by children to calm other young patients as they received injections and other treatments. In 1978,

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3444-491: The country. The ranking system used is currently under review. University of Liverpool The University of Liverpool (abbreviated UOL ) is the "original red brick " research university situated in Liverpool , England. Founded in 1881 as University College Liverpool, Victoria University , it gained independence by Royal Charter in 1903 attaining the decree to award degrees. The university owns and operates some of

3526-430: The disease spreading throughout the hospital which would drain already limited resources. A serious disease outbreak in a children's hospital would result in more deaths than lives saved and would therefore reinforce the previous notion that people often died while in the hospital. In the 19th century, there was a societal shift in how children were viewed. This shift took away some of the parents' control and placed it in

3608-450: The first hospitals to be inspected under a new style of inspection. In May 2014, Alder Hey was inspected by the Care Quality Commission and was given the overall rating Requires Improvement. In June 2015, Alder Hey was re-inspected by the Care Quality Commission and was given the overall rating Good, and was rated Outstanding in the Caring category. Another inspection took place in 2018,

3690-442: The hands of medical professionals. By the early 20th century, a child's health became increasingly tied to physicians and hospitals. This was a result of licensing acts, the formation of medical associations, and new fields of medicine being introduced across countries. New areas of medicine offered physicians the chance to build their careers by "overseeing the medical needs of private patients, caring for and trying new therapies on

3772-418: The hospital to benefit patients. It funds research initiatives, patient and family enhancements and state of the art medical equipment. Known as the 'Imagine Appeal' until 2012, Alder Hey Children's Charity is based within the hospital. On 14 October 2013 the charity launched a public appeal to raise £30m to fund equipment, facilities and research at Alder Hey's new hospital, Alder Hey in the Park. In October 2015

3854-411: The impact of their research. The Computer Science department was ranked 1st in UK for 4* and 3* research, with 97% of the research being rated as world-leading or internationally excellent – the highest proportion of any computer science department in the UK. The Chemistry department was also ranked 1st in the UK with 99% of its research rated as 4* world leading or 3* internationally excellent In 2006

3936-579: The impetus for the Human Tissue Act 2004 . In August 2008 the Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust became an NHS foundation trust and changed its name to Alder Hey NHS Foundation Trust. Between 2010 and 2014 the number of doctors employed at the trust increased from 269 to 344, while the number of managers increased from 70 to 86. At the end of March 2017, the trust was confirmed as one of four additional NHS Global Digital Exemplars , joining

4018-476: The industrial society and poor parents for not properly caring for their children. By the 1870s, the prevalent view among doctors and nurses was that children were better off by being removed to hospital, away from the often poor, unsanitary conditions at home. In response, reformers and physicians founded children's hospitals. By the early 19th century, children's hospitals opened in major cities throughout Europe. The first formally recognized paediatrics hospital

4100-427: The institution. The university was established in 1881 as College Liverpool, admitting its first students in 1882. In 1884, it became part of the federal Victoria University . In 1894 Oliver Lodge , a professor at the university, made the world's first public radio transmission and two years later took the first surgical X-ray in the United Kingdom. The Liverpool University Press was founded in 1899, making it

4182-651: The league table the previous year. The position of the university is determined by point allocation in departments such as Transport, Waste management, sustainable procurement and Emissions among other categories; these are then transpired into various awards. Liverpool was awarded the highest achievement possible in Environmental policy, Environmental staff, Environmental audit, Fair trade status, Ethical investment policy and Waste recycled while also scoring points in Carbon emissions, Water recycle and Energy source. Liverpool

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4264-628: The nation's historical and cultural assets, such as the Victoria Gallery & Museum , the Ness Botanic Gardens , the Liverpool Royal Infirmary , and the more recent, Yoko Ono Lennon Centre . Organised by three faculties divided into 35 schools and departments, the university offers more than 230 first degree courses across 103 subjects. It is a founding member of the leading research-intensive association of British universities,

4346-504: The need for repeat operations in 90% of cases. It currently employs about 2,400 staff and treats over 270,000 children from across the UK each year. Alder Hey conducts paediatric research into children's medicines, infection, inflammation and oncology. It has research partners including the University of Liverpool and is a member of Liverpool Health Partners. Alder Hey conducts more than 100 clinical research studies on an ongoing basis, ranging from observation to clinical trials. The hospital

4428-452: The out patient departments as in the wards.' Nicholl believed that hospitalisation wasn't necessary, and children were better cared from in their own home by their parents and by nurses making daily visits. Nicholl argued that "separation from mother is often harmful". During the interwar period, leading up to World War II , psychiatrists expressed concerns about children being away from parents, such as during hospitalisation. Harry Edelston,

4510-781: The overall rating was unchanged. Dame Josephine Williams was appointed Chair of the Trust Board in February 2019. Louise Shepherd CBE was appointed Chief Executive of the trust in March 2008. On 26 January 2023, the Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust was granted the Honorary Freedom of the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton . Children%27s hospital Children's hospitals are characterized by greater attention to

4592-452: The physician Sir Ronald Ross , physicist Charles Barkla , physicist Martin Lewis Perl , the physiologist Sir Charles Sherrington , physicist Sir James Chadwick , chemist Sir Robert Robinson , chemist Har Gobind Khorana , physiologist Rodney Porter , economist Ronald Coase and physicist Joseph Rotblat . Sir Ronald Ross was also the first British Nobel laureate in 1902. The university

4674-500: The rising aggregate costs and costs per discharge, hospitalizations (except for mental health hospitalizations) for children aged 0–17 decreased over the same time, and were projected to continue decreasing. In 2006–2011, the rate of emergency department (ED) use in the United States was highest for patients aged under one year, but lowest for patients aged 1–17 years. The rate of ED use for patients aged under one year declined over

4756-434: The same time period; this was the only age group to see a decline. Between 2008 and 2012, growth in mean hospital costs per stay in the United States was highest for patients aged 17 and younger. In 2012 there were nearly 5.9 million hospital stays for children in the United States, of which 3.9 million were neonatal stays and 104,700 were maternal stays for pregnant teens. Every year U.S. News & World Report ranks

4838-417: The sick poor, and teaching medical students." In order to raise their status further, physicians began organizing children's hospitals; by doing so, it also brought attention and importance to their speciality in the modern health care system. Voluntary or religiously associated female care was often replaced by care provided by professionally trained nurses. Historically, many children's hospitals limited

4920-538: The sports have both male and female teams and most are involved in competition on a national scale. BUCS is the body which organises national university competitions involving 154 institutions in 47 sports. Most sports involve travelling to various locations across the country, mainly on Wednesday afternoons. Two other prominent competitions are the Christie Championships and the Varsity Cup. The Christie Cup

5002-399: The surgical hospitalizations and decreased for injury hospitalizations. Further, average hospital costs, or cost per discharge, increased at least 2% for all hospitalizations and were expected to grow by at least 4% through 2013. The exception to this was mental health hospitalizations, which saw a lower percentage increase of 1.2%, and was projected to increase only 0.9% through 2013. Despite

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5084-466: The third-oldest university press in England. Students in this period were awarded external degrees by the University of London . Following a royal charter and act of Parliament in 1903, it became an independent university (the University of Liverpool) with the right to confer its own degrees. The next few years saw major developments at the university, including Sir Charles Sherrington 's discovery of

5166-549: The top 1% of global universities for a range of subjects. The university was the first in the UK to establish departments in oceanography , civic design , architecture , and biochemistry (at the Johnston Laboratories ). It was also the first UK university to establish an independent university campus in China, known as Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University . The Interdisciplinary Centre for Sustainability Research (ICSR)

5248-474: The top children's hospitals and pediatric specialties in the United States. For the year 2010–2011, eight hospitals ranked in all 10 pediatric specialties. The ranking system used by U.S. News & World Report depends on a variety of factors. In past years (2007 was the 18th year of Pediatric Ranking), ranking of hospitals has been done solely on the basis of reputation, gauged by random sampling and surveying of pediatricians and pediatric specialists throughout

5330-465: The twelve announced in September 2016. Alder Hey had its centenary year in 2014, the last year in which it operated from the buildings on its original site. A new hospital was procured under Private Finance Initiative contract in neighbouring Springfield Park . The works, which were carried out by Laing O'Rourke at a cost of £187 million, began on 26 March 2013 and the hospital opened in October 2015. It

5412-518: The universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings . In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF), which assesses the quality of research in UK higher education institutions, Liverpool is ranked joint 25th by GPA (along with Durham University and the University of Nottingham ) and 19th for research power (the grade point average score of a university, multiplied by the full-time equivalent number of researchers submitted). The Research Excellence Framework for 2014 has confirmed

5494-412: The university became the first in the UK to establish an independent university in China, making it the world's first Sino-British university. Resulting from a partnership between the University of Liverpool and Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University is the first Sino-British university between research-led universities, exploring new educational models for China. The campus

5576-527: The university for 2019/2020 academic year are listed below: Greenbank Student Village In 2018, the university faced strong criticism from the student body that the university provided halls were too expensive, by the Cut the Rent campaign. Privately accommodation owned Apollo Court ranked 3rd and Myrtle Court ranked 4th in the UK for value for money on a university review platform StudentCrowd. In 2021 "Gladstone Halls"

5658-739: The welfare of sick children in hospital. This committee produced the Platt Report of 1959 , recommending that children should have more access to their parents while ill. The Report had effects on hospital care of children in the UK and New Zealand , Australia , Canada and the United States . Using hospital discharge data from 2003 to 2011, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) studied trends in aggregate hospital costs, average hospital costs, and hospital utilization. The Agency found that for children aged 0–17, aggregate costs rose rapidly for

5740-553: The working practices of doctors and nurses, still posed the main objection to visiting. A.D. Hunt reported that: The hospitalised child was considered essentially a biological unit, far better off without his parents who, on weekly or bi-weekly visiting hours, were fundamentally toxic in their effect, causing noise, generally disorderly conduct, and rejection by hospital personnel. British Psychiatrist John Bowlby , who had previously criticised World War II evacuation schemes separating parents and children, and his research assistant at

5822-617: The world, and 137th best worldwide in 2009. In 2011 the QS World University Rankings ranked the university in 123rd place, up 14. In the Times Good University Guide 2013, the University of Liverpool was ranked 29th. Liverpool is ranked 122nd in the world (and 15th in the UK) in the 2016 Round University Ranking . The 2018 U.S. News & World Report ranks Liverpool 129th in the world. In 2019, it ranked 178th among

5904-446: The worldwide partner for University of Liverpool online. In 2019, it was announced that Kaplan Open Learning, part of Kaplan, Inc , would be the new partner for the University of Liverpool's online programmes. Laureate continued to provide some teaching provision for existing students until 2021. The university has produced ten Nobel Prize winners, from the fields of science, medicine, economics and peace . The Nobel laureates include

5986-413: Was Europe's first children's hospital built in a park. The original Alder Hey buildings were mostly demolished and the land was reclaimed as new parkland for the surrounding community. Features of the new hospital include access to play areas, natural light and striking views of the park are available wherever possible Children and young people were involved with the design of the new hospital. A drawing of

6068-473: Was against in-patient care for sick children. Armstrong stated: But a very little reflection will clearly convince any thinking person that such a Scheme as this can never be executed. If you take away a sick child for its Parents or Nurse, you break its heart immediately. Objections to admission were sometimes based on pragmatic reasons, e.g. reducing the threat of cross infection from children with diseases such as typhus , diphtheria and measles , that were

6150-501: Was established in 2024 to tackle the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) . As of 2023, Liverpool withheld total net assets of £1.169 billion, with a turnover of £675.1 million, including £118 million from research grants and contracts, the ninth-largest endowment among all universities in the UK. Graduates of the university are styled with the post-nominal letters , Lpool , to indicate

6232-527: Was little discussion of children's medicine, and as a result next to no widespread formal institutions which focused on healing children. Dispensaries and foundling hospitals were the earliest forms of what would later become children's hospitals. Florence's Hospital of the Innocent ( Ospedale degli Innocenti ) was originally a charity based orphanage which opened in 1445; its aim was to nurse sick and abandoned infants back to health. Foundling hospitals such as

6314-456: Was one of 57 such bodies which became an NHS hospital trust in 1991. Ronald McDonald House, a home for the families of sick children, opened in 1993. In 1999 an inquiry was instituted into the Alder Hey organs scandal and to investigate the hospital's practices in respect of removal and retention of human tissue. The inquiry had far-reaching effects throughout the UK hospital system and provided

6396-625: Was previously occupied by a mansion known as Alder Hey which the local poor law guardians acquired for use as a children's home in 1910. The mansion was converted for use as a military hospital in 1914. During the First World War , the United States Army established Camp Hospital 40 on the site, operated by Hospital Unit Q and, subsequently, Unit W. American sources commonly refer to Alder Hey as being within Liverpool's Knotty Ash area. During

6478-410: Was renamed after leading communist and anti-racist leader Dorothy Kuya . The University of Liverpool has a proud sporting tradition and has many premier teams in a variety of sports. The current sporting project comes under the title of Sport Liverpool and offers over 50 different sports ranging from football, rugby, cricket and hockey to others such as windsurfing, lacrosse and cheerleading. Many of

6560-690: Was the Hôpital des Enfants Malades in Paris , which opened in 1802. Great Ormond Street Hospital was established in London in 1852, and was the first British children's hospital. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania was created in 1855. The Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh was the first children's hospital in Scotland and opened in 1860. The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario

6642-523: Was the first Canadian children's hospital and opened in 1875. By the end of the 19th century, and the during the first two decades of the 20th century, the number of children's hospitals tripled in both Canada and the United States. From the 1850s to around 1910, most cities in the UK had built children's hospitals, which included a large number of prestigious hospitals such as the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow , Great Ormond Street Hospital and

6724-647: Was the first among UK universities to develop their desktop computer power management solution, which has been widely adopted by other institutions. The university has subsequently piloted other advanced software approaches further increasing savings. The university has also been at the forefront of using the Condor HTC computing platform in a power saving environment. This software, which makes use of unused computer time for computationally intensive tasks usually results in computers being left turned on. The university has demonstrated an effective solution for this problem using

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