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78-484: Airfield Defence Guards (ADG) are a mustering of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) that are dedicated to the security and ground defence of airbases and other military aviation assets. Other duties include training other RAAF personnel, in skills such as the handling of small arms and infantry tactics. They do not, however, operate anti-aircraft artillery or missiles (which are the responsibility of

156-468: A bus rapid transit system which connects the entire city. In addition, there are angkot s (shared taxis) and online motorcycle taxi services provided by firms like Gojek and Grab , and conventional taxis. There is a plan to build a bridge connecting the island to mainland Kalimantan, which is currently delayed because of the government refocusing fund allocations from development and infrastructure to COVID-19 pandemic mitigation. The city

234-650: A Base Commander with a Quick Reaction Force (QRF) mounted in wheeled vehicles. QRF teams are heavily armed and act as a mobile reserve to provide a counter-attack or counter-penetration capability should an enemy evade the patrol screen. In addition to their operational role ADG instructors provide essential ground defence training to the remainder of the RAAF. This includes instruction in weapon handling, ground defence and security tactics and Chemical, Biological, Radiologican and Nuclear (CBRN) defence. Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) may be posted to instructional positions at 1RTU; OTS;

312-588: A Quick Reaction Force (QRF). Reinforcements arrived on 4 November 1999 comprising 37 members of 3AFDS, an integrated permanent and reserve squadron headquartered at RAAF Base Amberley, disbanded in December 2006. The additional manpower allowed the squadron to assume responsibility for the Dili heliport in December. 2AFDS was awarded a Meritorious Unit Citation and the Commanding Officer, Squadron Leader J.D. Leo, received

390-430: A growing sector, with around 227,638 tourists visiting the city in 2019. There are 33 registered banks in the city as of 2020, consisting of 23 public banks and 10 private banking institutions. The city is divided into four districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their land areas and their populations at the 2010 census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes

468-705: A tradition of performing a muster for the reigning monarch during a jubilee year. For the first time all three service branches were present at the same time during the 2012 Diamond Jubilee Armed Forces Parade and Muster , held in celebration of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II . Within the United States Army National Guard and the Army Reserve , muster is an annual event used for screening purposes of soldiers not otherwise required to perform any duties. This England -related article

546-400: A training role and provide specialist advice to unit commanders. Reserve NCOs may be posted to a SECFOR Squadron, or to an instructional post or Reserve Airbase Protection Flight within one of the RAAF's 'City' Squadrons (Nos. 13, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 & 31 SQNs). ADG Warrant Officers (WOFFs) may be posted to staff or policy positions within a higher headquarters. ADGs form

624-461: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to the history of England is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article on military history is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tarakan Island Tarakan is an island and co-extensively the sole city within the Indonesian province of North Kalimantan . The island city

702-544: Is also the only international-class hospital in the province and is the province's referral hospital. There is also a navy hospital, owned by the Indonesian Navy , located in West Tarakan district. There are 27 kindergartens, 65 elementary schools, 21 junior high schools and 12 senior high schools. There are also five institutions of higher education in the city, the most notable being Borneo Tarakan University , which

780-473: Is also the only public university in the city and the province. There are also seven vocational high schools. School participation rate is around 99% as of 2020. There are 235 mosques, 93 churches, four Chinese Buddhist temples , and one Hindu temple . One of the biggest mosques, Al-Ma'arif Grand Mosque, was constructed in 1961 and is located in the Central Tarakan district. The only Hindu temple in

858-637: Is based upon minimum periods in rank, successful completion of appropriate trade and promotion courses, performance reporting and availability of positions. All ADGs must qualify as weapon instructors prior to promotion to NCO rank. Out of mustering postings may be available, with ADGs having served within Australia's Federation Guard , as career advisers within a Defence Recruiting Centre and as Military Skills Instructors (MSIs) at No. 1 Recruit Training Unit (1RTU) , RAAF Base Wagga Wagga and Officer Training School (OTS), RAAF Base East Sale . Formerly, graduates from

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936-617: Is believed to be the first ADG killed by enemy action. He is buried in the Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery on Labuan Island. Following the end of hostilities, both Airfield Defence Squadrons were disbanded on 19 November 1945. Aerodrome Defence Officers (ADOs) and Aerodrome Defence Instructors (ADIs) were retained to deliver basic ground defence instruction to RAAF members during initial and continuation training. A significant proportion of RAAF National Service recruits received training in ground defence techniques. This included

1014-462: Is located on Tarakan island (off the east coast of Kalimantan), which composed of 8,635 hectares (21,340 acres) of land. 27.5% of the city is composed of podzol soil and 57.63% latosol soil. The city is located between 0–110 metres (0–361 ft) above sea level. According to legends, native Tidungs established their kingdom in Tarakan around 1076 CE. After moving their capital several times over

1092-586: Is the largest urban area in North Kalimantan population-wise and is located in northern Borneo , midway along the coast of the province. The city boundaries are co-extensive with the island (including a couple of small islands off the coast of the Tarakan Barat District). Once a major oil-producing region during the colonial period , Tarakan had great strategic importance during the Pacific War and

1170-464: Is the reading aloud of the names on the muster roll and the responses, to determine who is present. In Tudor England , musters were periodic assessments of the availability of local militia to act as a defence force. To some extent, the system was an outdated remnant of the feudal system where local lords had their own armies, which they provided for the King as required. The British Armed Forces have

1248-550: The Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) , Canberra ; Combat Survival Training School (CSTS, also known as COMSURV), RAAF Base Townsville ; RAAF Security & Fire School, RAAF Base Amberley or a Ground Defence Training Section (GDTS) at any RAAF Base in Australia. The weapons and equipment issued to ADGs are similar to standard Australian infantry equipment . The primary weaponry used by ADGs consists of

1326-651: The Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) in small numbers to provide specialist support to operations. In addition to the major campaigns listed above, in recent years ADGs have been involved in a range of smaller scale operations. These have included Operation Gold , the provision of ADF support to the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000; Operation Deluge , the provision of security to the 2007 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Forum meetings in Sydney; and Operation Ramp ,

1404-475: The Security Guards Unit was formed at Livingstone Field , Northern Territory . All RAAF guards were posted to this unit, irrespective of where they were serving. The Security Guards Unit was charged with providing guards for operational bases both within Australia and overseas. Trainees were instructed in the employment of anti-aircraft guns , ground patrolling, scouting and hand-to-hand combat. At first

1482-694: The ADGs are not special forces. ADGs are commanded by commissioned officers known as Ground Defence Officers ( GRDEFO ) who receive initial training at the Australian Army 's Royal Military College (RMC), Duntroon . Following graduation from RMC, GRDEFOs undertake the Army Regimental Officer Basic Course (Infantry) prior to RAAF-specific training at the RAAF Security and Fire School (RAAFSFS), at RAAF Base Amberley . ADG are comparable to

1560-674: The Army at Puckapunyal ; this project was never brought to fruition. In June 1965 a submission to the Air Board requested the establishment of 455 positions to provide for the defence of the eleven major RAAF bases in Australia, as well as overseas bases in Malaysia, Thailand and South Vietnam. In the end, the ADG mustering was re-established in October 1965 with an authorised strength of 220 new positions in addition to

1638-480: The Army, during which Aerodrome Defence Sections defended an area against attacks by Australian Army units and RAAF aircraft. In 1939 it was directed that the scheme be expanded to include all units and stations. While the RAAF did not face a significant ground threat in the first years of World War II , an Air Force Guard mustering was proposed in 1940. This mustering was to receive training in infantry tactics to defend RAAF bases against attack and would be modelled on

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1716-566: The Australian combat team providing security for the Australian Embassy and close protection for officials. The ADGs were integrated within the infantry component of SECDET 13, drawn from the 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (7RAR). The Commanding Officer 7RAR, Lieutenant Colonel Shane Gabriel, commenced his military career as an RAAF GRDEFO, serving with 2AFDS and as Base Ground Defence Officer, RAAF Base Tindal; he had also served with

1794-616: The British Royal Air Force Regiment , USAF Security Forces , and the RNZAF Security Forces . From 1929 the RAAF began to establish an Aerodrome Defence Scheme (ADS), primarily utilizing aircrafthands to provide local defence of airfields, although it was initially limited in scope. Following the acquisition of the required equipment training began in 1931, including in both anti-aircraft and ground defence roles. Between 1931 and 1939 this also included exercises with

1872-670: The Defence Pool was deployed to Morotai island in early 1945 in order to prepare a camp for the arrival of the main party of the unit. The Defence Pool was subsequently ordered to be disbanded on 28 March 1945. A reconsideration led to the establishment of No. 2 Airfield Defence Squadron. By May 1945, ADGs had participated in a number of operations, including the recapture of Tarakan , Brunei and Balikpapan . They suffered casualties, among them Leading Aircraftman Thomas Irvine and Corporal Clarence Tully who were killed during Japanese raids on Tarakan airfield . LAC Irvine died on 5 May 1945 and

1950-695: The Distinguished Service Medal for performance during Operation Warden . ADGs and GRDEFOs deployed to Henderson Field, Honiara as part of the RAAF component of Joint Task Force 635 on Operation Anode , the ADF contribution to the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) . Following severe rioting in April 2006, members of 2AFDS were deployed as part of the ADF response to support police in reestablishing law and order. A further link with

2028-950: The East Indies. Japan declared war on the Netherlands East Indies on 10 January 1942; and Japanese troops landed on Tarakan the following day. The Netherlands had declared war on Japan a month earlier. Dutch forces sabotaged the Tarakan oil-field and refinery prior to surrender. Japan had captured the Miri oil-field in Sarawak in December 1941, and captured oil-fields and refineries at Balikpapan in Dutch Borneo in January 1942, Sumatra in February, and Java in March. Oil technicians accompanied

2106-613: The F88 Austeyr (with or without the M203 Grenade Launcher Attachment), F89 Minimi, and the Browning Hi-Power Self Loading Pistol. While the other weapons are occasionally used, they are more dependent on the specific role of the operator. Muster (military) A muster roll is the list of members of a military unit, often including their rank and the dates they joined or left. A roll call

2184-596: The Ground Defence Reserve Group are employed on full-time service for 11 months, followed by 4 years part-time service. Once a candidate has successfully completed RAAF recruit training they attend the 15-week ADG Basic course at the RAAF Security and Fire School (RAAFSFS) RAAF Amberley, Queensland. Upon completion of trade training ADGs may wear the blue-grey beret which identifies them as a ground defence specialist. Airmen graduate from ADG Basic course with

2262-855: The Middle East with No. 33 Squadron in 1998. 2AFDS also deployed a Rifle Flight to assist with the evacuation of civilians from Cambodia in 1997 as part of Operation Vista . Whilst preparing for deployment to Exercise Crocodile 99, 2AFDS, along with No. 381 Expeditionary Combat Support Squadron (381ECSS) and 382ECSS, were warned out for duty in East Timor on Operation Warden . Both 381ECSS and 382ECSS had ADGs and GRDEFOs on strength. 2AFDS and 381ECSS commenced deployment to Comoro Airfield, Dili, on 20 September 1999. 381ECSS began arriving at Cakung Airfield, Baucau on 11 October 1999. 2AFDS undertook static security, access control and reconnaissance patrol tasks, in addition to establishing observation posts and providing

2340-544: The RAAF Security & Fire School were placed into either 1AFDS or 2AFDS. However, in late 2013, with the future procurement of new aircraft, such as the F-35 Lightning II, both Airfield Defence Squadrons were merged with the RAAF Security Police, Airbase Protection and RAAF Military Working Dog Handlers to form Numbers 1 & 2 Security Forces Squadrons (SECFOR), boosting the strength and capability of protecting

2418-610: The RAAF detachment based there, including 79 Squadron flying Sabre jets. In Vietnam ADGs conducted both static security tasks and security patrols outside the base perimeter, disrupting the Viet Cong ability to conduct stand-off attacks against the bases. Corporal N.E. Power became the first airman to win the Military Medal (MM) since the Second World War for a night action on 11 February 1970, during which an enemy reconnaissance party

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2496-798: The RAF Regiment. Tarin Kowt: A squadron minus contingent of members from both no.1 and 2 Airfield Defence Squadrons took responsibility of the ground defence for Multinational base Tarin Kowt from October 2012, consisting of rotation 1&2 Australian Security Force. Their role consisted of providing force protection, ground defence patrols in the close defence area and providing security for entry control. Additionally, they were responsible for counter attack, counter penetration during instances of base attack or receiving indirect fire, as part of their quick reaction force (QRF) responsibilities. The second rotation continued until

2574-561: The Ready Reserve Scheme was abolished in 1996, the RAAF implemented the Ground Defence Reserve Group based upon a similar concept, although with the full-time service commitment reduced to 9 months. This scheme is still in operation. As individuals or in small groups, ADGs and GREDFOs deployed on peacekeeping operations in the Sinai and Bougainville , were attached to Army units providing Rifle Company Butterworth rotations and deployed to

2652-467: The Royal Air Force Regiment. The idea never progressed and those recruited for the task were assigned to other musterings. Following the bombing of Darwin in 1942 and ground attacks on Allied air bases, it was realised that the RAAF needed to defend its own airfields and that ground defence training was required for RAAF personnel. Following a request to the Army, Lieutenant Colonel H.H. Carr

2730-718: The Solomon Islands exists via Protective Service Officer Adam Dunning of the Australian Federal Police, who was shot and killed in Honiara in December 2004. Although deployed to the Solomon Islands in his civilian role, Dunning was a reservist ADG and had previously served with 2AFDS in East Timor. As part of Operation Catalyst , ADGs provided force protection to the RAAF air traffic control detachment at Baghdad International Airport, during 2003–04. Thirteen ADGs from 2AFDS deployed to Baghdad with Security Detachment (SECDET) 13,

2808-583: The Squadron Headquarters, and Security Flights/Detachments (generally manned by Air Force Security personnel and Security Police Officers) at the bases within the unit's area of responsibility. All Flights/Detachments contribute to the security of air and space power within Australia and overseas. Rifle Flights are capable of security tasks in low to high threat environments, while Security Flights/Detachments normally conduct security tasks in low threat environments. Generally, Security Forces Squadrons conduct

2886-493: The army and in particular, the Royal Australian Artillery ). The mustering's members, commonly known as "Adgies", are mostly employed in security forces ( SECFOR ) squadrons. The role of SECFOR squadrons is the protection of RAAF equipment, personnel, assets and facilities. While SECFOR training includes countering attacks by hostile special forces – in addition to guerilla, terrorist and other irregular military –

2964-578: The base was downscaled and eventually handed over to the Afghan National Army (ANA) in late 2014. Kandahar: The RAAF Control and Reporting Centre, based at Kandahar airport, included an embedded ground defence element which provided specialist force protection advice. This deployment formed part of Operation Slipper , the ADF contribution to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). ADGs continue to be deployed to

3042-602: The basis of the Air Force's ground combat force, protecting Base assets, infrastructure and personnel against attack by enemy ground forces. For planning purposes, a nominal Area of Operations (AO) for RAAF ground defence is usually extends to five kilometres from the airfield perimeter fence . In practice, the AO assigned to ADGs is determined by variables such as available forces, terrain, vegetation etc. ADGs are trained and equipped to locate, fix and destroy enemy ground forces, ideally during

3120-490: The centuries, in 1571 CE they settled their kingdom on the eastern coast of Tarakan, apparently already under the influence of Islam . The name Tarakan comes from the Tidung language: tarak (meeting place) and ngakan (to eat); thus Tarakan was originally a meeting place for sailors and traders to eat, rest and trade their catch in the Tidung area. Dutch explorers noted oil seepages in 1863. In 1905, an oil concession

3198-432: The city center. The airport handles domestic flight routes to Balikpapan , Jakarta , Surabaya , Denpasar and Makassar , as well as an international route to Tawau, Malaysia. On 2016, the airport terminal was expanded to provide for more than 2,000 passengers per day. There are 281.911 kilometres (175.171 mi) of road in the city of which 201.571 kilometres (125.250 mi) have been paved with asphalt. The city has

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3276-688: The city is IndiHome , which is state-owned under Telkomsel . The city has fiber optic cables connected to Balikpapan and Samarinda , which also serve other regencies of North Kalimantan province. Several ferries serve Tarakan, linking it to other cities of eastern Borneo : Nunukan in North Kalimantan , Berau and Balikpapan in East Kalimantan , and Tawau in Sabah . The port also provides links to cities on other Indonesian islands— Sulawesi and Java . Tarakan has an airport , Juwata International Airport , located 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from

3354-425: The city, Pura Giri Jagat Nata, was inaugurated on 1994, and is used mostly by Balinese migrants. The Tarakan Islamic Center functions not only as a mosque but is also used for Islamic learning and various Islamic events. A popular local tourist spot, it was inaugurated in 2012. The city has access to 4G and other telecommunication services. As with most Indonesian cities, the only fiber optic service provider in

3432-414: The decade 2010-2020. The city population has increased rapidly which is thought to be caused by high urbanization rate with people moving in from neighbouring regions. The sex ratio as of 2020 was 100:109—100 females for every 109 males. The city is dominated by a young and reproductive age population above the age of 15, which accounts around 64.53% of city's population. Life expectancy in the city as of 2020

3510-559: The employment on Exercise Pitch Black 1990 of M113 Armoured Personnel Carriers from the Army's 2nd Cavalry Regiment to provide armoured mobility for the QRF. Both capabilities may be considered to have matured in recent years with the attachment of Security Police (SECPOL) Military Working Dog (MWD) teams to ADG patrols and the introduction into RAAF service of the Bushmaster Infantry Mobility Vehicles . In 1992 2AFDS became

3588-584: The evacuation of Australian and foreign nationals from Lebanon in 2006 during the conflict between Israeli forces and Hezbollah . 2AFDS was presented with a squadron standard by the Governor-General of Australia , Her Excellency Dame Quentin Bryce , at RAAF Base Amberley on 19 May 2011 Members are enlisted as ADGs in the Permanent Air Force for an initial period of service of four years; those joining

3666-753: The first non-flying unit to be awarded the Duke of Gloucester Cup . The period saw a generational change in weapons and equipment on issue to ADGs; jungle green uniforms were replaced by the Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform (DPCU), the L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle (SLR), M16 and F1 Sub-Machine Gun were replaced by the F88 Austeyr assault rifle and Vietnam-era radios were replaced with the Raven series of VHF and HF sets. ADGs continued to deliver weapon and ground defence training to RAAF personnel and provided

3744-589: The forthcoming Battle of the Philippine Sea , Japanese aircraft-carriers refueled with unrefined Tarakan crude-oil in June 1944. The un desalted crude-oil damaged boiler tubes, and the unremoved naphtha fraction volatilized to form explosive atmospheres , contributing to the loss of the aircraft carriers Taihō , Shōkaku , and Hiyō . The last Japanese tanker left Tarakan in July 1944; Allied bombing-raids damaged

3822-443: The governor of then- East Kalimantan , Awang Faroek Ishak . After North Kalimantan was established as a province in 2012, Tarakan became the sole city within the new province. In 2015, the city witnessed another riot, this time related to the 2015 North Kalimantan gubernatorial election between the candidates' supporters. Tarakan had a population of 193,370 at the 2010 Census, but the 2020 Census this had grown to 242,786, and

3900-523: The invading Japanese troops to maintain production at captured facilities. A team of one thousand additional petroleum engineers and technicians sailed from Japan aboard the Taiyo Maru , but nearly 800 drowned when USS Grenadier sunk the Taiyo Maru southwest of Kyushu on 8 May 1942. Despite this loss, Tarakan crude oil (mixed with lesser quantities of Manchurian oil-shale distillates) became

3978-543: The island led to food-shortages and many civilians suffered from malnutrition . During the occupation, the Japanese transported some 600 labourers to Tarakan from Java . The Japanese also forced an estimated 300 Javanese women to work as " comfort women ". Tarakan oil-field production reached 350,000 barrels per month by early 1944, but Japan no longer had enough oil tankers to transport this volume to Japanese refineries. Without adequate supplies of refined residual fuel-oil for

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4056-654: The majority of instructors for recruit, apprentice and initial officer training. The scope of this role, the longest and most continuous of the ADG mustering and its predecessors, may be gauged by the delivery of conversion training from the L1A1 SLR to the F88 rifle for every member of the RAAF. At the same time the Ground Defence Training Sections, manned on each base by 3–5 ADGs and GRDEFOs, commenced delivery of additional ground defence training for all RAAF members as

4134-522: The mid-20th century. Reserves of California crude oil at Japanese refineries would have been exhausted in less than two years at the rate of consumption when the United States terminated exports to Japan on 26 July 1941. Japan initiated hostilities against the United States and the United Kingdom four months later in December 1941 in preparation for seizing alternative sources of petroleum in

4212-526: The new assets. Along with these changes, 1SECFOR was relocated to RAAF Base Williamtown, and 3AFDS was re-activated as 3SECFOR, and based at RAAF Base Edinburgh. The ADG mustering may be broadly divided into those positions contained within a Security Forces Squadron and those within other units. Within Combat Support Group , No. 95 Wing commands the two Security Forces Squadrons. Former Security Forces Squadrons comprise Rifle Flights (manned by Airfield Defence Guards and Ground Defence Officers), based with

4290-492: The number of administrative villages (all rated as urban kelurahan ) in each district, and its postal codes. As with all Indonesian cities , it is a second-level administrative division run by a mayor and vice mayor together with the city parliament, and it has a status equivalent to a regency. Executive power lies in the mayor and vice mayor, while legislative duties are carried out by local parliaments. The mayor, vice mayor, and parliament members are democratically elected by

4368-436: The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 249,960. Indigenous residents include the Tidung , a subgroup of the Dayak people . In addition, the city also has a multi-ethnic population from other parts of Indonesia, such as Bugis , Javanese and Chinese Indonesians . 85% of the city's population is Muslim, around 10% are Christian, 1.3% Hindu, 0.04% Buddhist, and 0.03% Confucianist. Population growth averaged 2.23% per year in

4446-404: The oil-field facilities later that year; and the veteran Australian 26th Brigade Group ended the Japanese occupation of the area with the second Battle of Tarakan (1 May to 21 June 1945). Following the Indonesian revolution in the late 1940s, Tarakan became part of the new republic. It was administered as a district following a Presidential Decree Number 22, 1963. In 1981, Tarakan

4524-467: The people of the city in an election. The heads of districts are appointed directly by the city mayor with recommendations by the city secretary. Tarakan city is part of 1st electoral district for provincial parliament (North Kalimantan People's Representative Council), and have 12 out of 35 representatives there. In city level, it has its own parliament consist of 30 representatives divided into four electoral districts. The last election for parliament

4602-424: The primary feedstock for Japanese diesel fuel in 1942, while reserve supplies of California crude oil remained the primary feedstock for Japanese gasoline and residual fuels until 1943. Tarakan became a Japanese strategic air-base from which further attacks could be launched following the Dutch surrender. Tarakan's inhabitants suffered under Japan's occupation. The large number of Japanese troops stationed on

4680-489: The rank of Aircraftman (AC) and are posted to one of the 3 Security Forces Squadrons. Following a further 12 months service and favourable reporting, ADGs are reclassified to the rank of Leading Aircraftman (LAC). Post-graduate training may be undertaken to qualify in communications, field engineering/assault pioneer, direct fire support weapons, close personal protection and sniping; the majority of these courses being undertaken at Army training establishments. Further promotion

4758-467: The reconnaissance phase of any intended attack on RAAF assets. This is achieved by the deployment of multiple patrol teams, usually consisting of 4–5 members, undertaking reconnaissance patrols, observation and listening posts. These teams are supported by specialist elements including snipers operating in a counter-sniper role. Once the enemy are located, forces are concentrated to engage and destroy their capability to complete their task. ADGs also provide

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4836-579: The remustering of all Drill Instructors and ADIs. After the outbreak of the Vietnam War , Australia was asked to increase its level of commitment. To meet these new demands, the RAAF deployed a number of aircraft to Phan Rang Airbase, South Vietnam, in 1966. The USAF Security Police unit assigned to the base, asked the RAAF to contribute to the defence of the base. ADG Flights were deployed to South Vietnam with 2 Squadron at Phan Rang Air Base and No. 1 Operational Support Unit (1OSU) at Vung Tau . ADGs were also deployed to Ubon Air Base , Thailand to protect

4914-451: The service transitioned to an expeditionary role. In 1992 1AFDS was reformed at RAAF Base Tindal , Northern Territory as a Ready Reserve unit. The Ready Reserve Scheme involved recruits enlisting for 12 months full-time service, completing identical recruit and trade training to that undertaken by regular airmen, followed by 4 years part-time service. The cadre staff of 1AFDS consisted of Permanent Air Force (PAF) GRDEFOs and ADG NCOs; while

4992-527: The ten awarded to RAAF members. After withdrawal from Vietnam the ADG mustering was reduced in numbers, with Rifle Flights posted to RAAF Bases Amberley, Fairbairn, Richmond and Williamtown and ADGs manning instructional posts at other establishments. Although the RAAF contemplated disbanding the mustering in the mid-1980s, the years between the Vietnam War and the 1999 deployment to East Timor were spent consolidating tactics and techniques such as reconnaissance skills and Quick Reaction Force (QRF) operations. 2AFDS

5070-422: The unit had a strength of 567 personnel, increasing to 943 by July 1943; in that year the unit moved to Darwin. The unit was renamed No. 1 Airfield Defence Squadron in April 1945. A second unit, the Defence Pool, was established at Noemfoor in December 1944. It is believed that guards may have been trained at the Security Guards Unit and then posted to the Defence Pool for operational deployment. A detachment of

5148-451: The use of the .303 rifle, Thompson Sub-Machine Gun, Bren Light Machine Gun and hand grenades, in addition to fieldcraft skills. No. 1 Airfield Defence Squadron was re-established at Mallala, South Australia as a National Service unit in 1951, then once again disbanded in 1952. There is evidence to suggest that the RAAF considered the introduction of an armoured car capability in the 1950s, with ADIs attending training on Staghound vehicles with

5226-425: The usual asphalt base. Tarakan oil fields produced a light , sour crude oil with an unusually low pour point . By 1940, the island had an oil refinery with four petroleum loading piers, and was one of the five largest petroleum processing centers in the East Indies . Japanese oil-fields in Sakhalin and Formosa provided only about ten percent of the petroleum needed to sustain Japanese industry through

5304-464: The wide range of security tasks using an integrated workforce approach. Airfield Defence Guards, Ground Defence Officers, Air Force Security personnel and Security Police Officers often work in mixed teams, tailored to the task, threat and environment. Permanent Air Force NCOs may be posted to a Ground Defence Training Section (GDTS) at any major RAAF base in Australia or to certain training units within Air Force Training Group . GDTS staff undertake both

5382-577: Was 4.78 percent. There are 14 companies based in Tarakan as of 2019. As a result, in 2021 it is the 17th richest city in Indonesia. The poverty rate as of 2020 was around 6 percent. The agriculture sector is small, with only 33 hectares (82 acres) being cultivated as paddy fields. It has been declining massively since 2018, with drops as high as 45.81 percent of crop yields. Other agriculture products such as cassava and sweet potatoes are also declining, with each only using around 174 hectares (430 acres) and 10 hectares (25 acres) respectively. Tourism has been

5460-434: Was 74 years, which is considerably higher than both the provincial and national average; it has been increasing consistently. The island's main healthcare infrastructure consists of four hospitals, eight puskesmas (health clinics), and 103 healthcare centers. In addition, there are seven mobile puskesmas , the biggest being Tarakan Regional Hospital, owned by the city government, located in Central Tarakan district. It

5538-411: Was among the first Japanese targets early in the conflict. It is the sole city within the newly established (in 2012) Indonesian province of North Kalimantan . According to Statistics Indonesia , the city had a population of 193,370 at the 2010 Census and 242,786 inhabitants at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 249,960 (comprising 129,365 males and 120,595 females). The city

5616-507: Was granted a city charter, at that time one of four cities in East Kalimantan , along with Samarinda , Balikpapan and Bontang in accordance with Government Law Number 47, 1981. The city witnessed the Tarakan riot in 2010 following a clash between Buginese migrants from neighboring Sulawesi island and the Tidung people . The two groups later agreed to a peace deal, mediated by local police and

5694-485: Was granted to Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij' a predecessor to Royal Dutch Shell . One year later oil production began with a yield of over 57,928 barrels of oil per year. Production continued to increase and in the 1920s Tarakan yielded over five million barrels a year, a third of the total oil production in the whole of the Dutch East Indies . The oil produced here had a paraffin base instead of

5772-475: Was once a leading oil producer in the Dutch East Indies ; to-day however, oil only comprises six percent of the total Tarakan economy. Fisheries and processed products now dominate the economy. The city is still the biggest contributor to the North Kalimantan economy, contributing 37.05 percent. The economic growth in 2015 was 7.52 percent, which is above the national average. The unemployment rate in 2019

5850-564: Was reformed on 17 March 1983 with the headquarters located at RAAF Base Richmond and the Rifle Flights remaining dispersed. The unit was eventually consolidated at RAAF Base Amberley in January 1989. It regularly deployed on RAAF and joint exercises such as those in the Kangaroo series along with occasional deployments to Malaysia and New Zealand. New capabilities were trialled, such as scout dogs to aid in detection and tracking of enemy parties and

5928-592: Was seconded to the RAAF from 2/22 Battalion AIF in May 1942. Further secondments of infantry officers and NCOs followed and the RAAF Defence School was established at Hamilton, Victoria in September of that year. The school commenced training Army and RAAF officers and NCOs as Aerodrome Defence Officers and Aerodrome Defence Instructors, who were then posted to RAAF units to deliver ground defence training. In October 1942,

6006-531: Was severely overloaded and four ADGs were left on the tarmac at Tan Son Nhut airfield, each armed with a pistol and four rounds of ammunition; a C-130 was diverted from Thailand to evacuate them later in the day. Over 350 ADGs served in Vietnam, six being killed in the conflict. In addition to the MM awarded to Powers, GRDEFOs and ADGs were awarded an MBE , eight mentions in dispatches and four Distinguished Flying Medals of

6084-540: Was successfully ambushed near the perimeter of the Phan Rang base. Airfield Defence Guards also provided most of the door gunners on UH-1 Iroquois helicopters with No. 9 Squadron during the war. When the government of South Vietnam collapsed in 1975, Australia ordered the evacuation of its embassy in Saigon. The final mission undertaken by ADGs in Vietnam was to provide security for the evacuation. The "last" evacuation aircraft

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