44-448: The Ainslie Tavern Bond (also known as the "Ainslie Band", or the "Ainslie Tavern Band") was a document signed on about 20 April 1567 by a number of Scottish bishops and nobles. The bond approved the Earl of Bothwell's acquittal on 12 April of implication in the murder of Lord Darnley , recommended him as an appropriate husband for Mary, Queen of Scots , and pledged to assist in defending such
88-739: A charge of which he was acquitted. His marriage to Mary was controversial and divided the country; when he fled the growing rebellion to Norway, he was arrested and lived the rest of his life imprisoned in Denmark. He was the son of Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell , and Agnes Sinclair (d. 1572), daughter of Henry, Lord Sinclair, and was styled The Master of Bothwell from birth. He succeeded his father as Earl of Bothwell and Lord Hailes in 1556. As Lord High Admiral of Scotland , Lord Bothwell visited Copenhagen around 1559. He fell in love with Anna Tronds, known in English as Anna Throndsen or Anna Rustung. She
132-516: A gentlewoman. Erroll claimed she had supported "broken men", landless rebels who stole his goods, but Margaret wrote it ought to be well known that she desired no harm or loss to him or their children. She sent her eldest son, Andrew, Master of Atholl to explain her case more fully. He was a member of the Privy Council of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1561. He sided with the Hamiltons in the interest of
176-610: A high-level official in Norway, remanded Orkney to the Bergenhus Fortress , while Anna sued him for abandonment and return of her dowry. Anna may have had a soft spot for Orkney, as he persuaded her to take custody of his ship, as compensation. Orkney would have been released, but King Frederick heard that the Scottish government was seeking Orkney for the murder of Darnley, and decided to take him into custody in Denmark. The Duke of Orkney
220-540: A marriage. Lord Darnley had married Mary on 29 July 1565, but their marriage proved disastrous. On 9 March 1566, Mary's Italian private secretary, David Rizzio , was murdered in the Queen's presence at Holyrood . The murderers were led by Lord Ruthven , but it was widely believed that the murder arose from Darnley's jealousy. There followed a carefully choreographed series of events, aimed at substituting Bothwell for Darnley as Mary's husband. The extent of Mary's own complicity
264-527: A native-born subject, and handed it to Bothwell. On 24 April, while Mary was on the road from Linlithgow Palace to Edinburgh, Bothwell suddenly appeared with 800 men. He assured her that danger awaited her in Edinburgh, and told her that he proposed to take her to his castle at Dunbar , out of harm's way. She agreed to accompany him and arrived at Dunbar at midnight. There, Mary was taken prisoner by Bothwell and allegedly raped by him to secure marriage to her and
308-404: A part in his eventual downfall. In February 1566, Bothwell married Lady Jean Gordon , daughter of the 4th Earl of Huntly and sister of Sir John Gordon and the 5th Earl of Huntly . They were divorced on 7 May 1567, citing his adultery with her servant Bessie Crawford as cause. He married Mary, Queen of Scots, eight days later. Lord Bothwell appears to have met Queen Mary when he visited
352-465: A scandal involving his sister Jean Hepburn . After Protestant Lords gained power following Mary of Guise's death and the return to Scotland of Mary, Queen of Scots, Bothwell appears to have been not much more than a troublesome noble at court. His open quarrel with the Earl of Arran and the Hamiltons, who accused him of intriguing against the Crown, caused some degree of anguish to the Queen, and although
396-401: A year). In the following autumn, upon hearing that he had been seriously wounded and was likely to die, she rode from Jedburgh to be with him at Hermitage Castle . However, historian Antonia Fraser asserts that Queen Mary was already on her way to visit Bothwell on matters of state before she heard about his illness, and that therefore this visit is not evidence they were already lovers at
440-498: The Earl of Arran ought to be disqualified because his father's divorce and second marriage were invalid, making him illegitimate. Arran resigned the Regency to Mary of Guise in 1554. He had a disagreement with his wife, Margaret Robertson, in 1554. Mary of Guise counseled reconciliation. Margaret Robertson wrote to Mary of Guise from Perth, that he had not restored her living and she might have to come and live at court in her service as
484-1012: The Earl of Glencairn ; and the Earl of Caithness with the Lord Boyd ; the Lord Seton ; the Lord Sinclair ; the Lord Sempill ; the Lord Oliphant ; the Lord Ogilvie of Airlie ; the Rosse-Hacat (sic); Carleil of Torthorwald ; the Lord Herries ; the Lord Home ; and the Lord Innermeath . The Bishop of Ross and the Lord Elphinstone slipped away without signing. Other copies add the Earl of Erroll ,
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#1732854521587528-967: The Edinburgh Wax Museum on the Royal Mile , as the only non-wax exhibit. The guide book claimed it was brought to Scotland in 1858. Her begynder det danske forløb. Jarlen blev ført til Bergen, hvor han tilfældigvis stødte på Anna Trundsen, som havde slået sig ned i byen efter at være blevet droppet af jarlen i Skotland. Nu måtte han igennem en ydmygende retssag, inden han blev ført til København, fængslet på slottet og senere flyttet til Malmøhus. I denne periode, hvor det endnu var usikkert om den nye skotske regering ville overleve, var jarlen lidt af en politisk varm kartoffel for Frederik II. Da det viste sig, at Mary Stuart ikke ville komme til magten igen, mistede jarlen sin betydning og blev overført til Dragsholm slot, muligvis fordi han var blevet sindssyg. Der døde han så i april 1578. In English – approximately Here does
572-811: The Laird of Ormiston on Halloween 1559 at an ambush near Haddington . In retaliation the Protestant leader, the Duke of Châtelherault , sent his son the Earl of Arran and the Master of Maxwell to seize Bothwell's home Crichton Castle and force the Earl, who was nearby at Borthwick , to join them. Bothwell remained true to the Regent, though it was said in January he was "weary of his part". The English diplomat Thomas Randolph also hinted at this time of
616-615: The Lord Glamis , the Lord Fleming and the Archbishop of St Andrews , with the Bishops of Aberdeen , Whithorn (Galloway) , Dunblane , Brechin , Ross, and Orkney . Julian Goodare notes that one copy of the bond text derives from the recollection of John Reid, an associate of the Earl of Morton. Goodare suggests that the signatories named by Reid were those aristocrats who planned and discussed
660-514: The Confederate Lords' viewpoint. The articles say that the Lords were trapped at the supper into signing the bond. The Earl of Morton became Regent of Scotland , and in 1581 he was put on trial and executed. Before he was beheaded, he told some kirk ministers that he had signed the bond on the queen's orders, "therefore I subsryvit to the quenis marriage with the erle Bothwell, as sindrie utheris of
704-545: The Danish passage of events begin. The earl was transported to Bergen (Norway), where he by chance meat Anna Trondsen, who had settled herself in the city after having been dismissed by the earl (earlier, in Scotland). Now he had to face a humiliating trial, before he was transferred to Copenhagen, and later became moved to Malmøhus. During this period was it still uncertain whether the new Scottish government would survive or not, and he
748-598: The Earl of Arran was eventually declared mad, Bothwell was nevertheless imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle without trial in 1562. Later that year, while the Queen was in the Highlands , he escaped and went to Hermitage Castle . The Queen and Bothwell were by now very close. When Bothwell married Lady Jean Gordon , daughter of The 4th Earl of Huntly , in February 1566, the Queen attended the wedding (the marriage lasted just over
792-570: The French Court in the autumn of 1560, after he left Anna Rustung in Flanders . He was kindly received by the Queen and her husband, King Francis II of France , and, as he put it: "The Queen recompensed me more liberally and honourably than I had deserved" – receiving 600 Crowns and the post and salary of gentleman of the French King's Chamber. He visited France again in the spring of 1561, and by 5 July
836-561: The Queen rode to the Estates of Parliament , with Lord Bothwell carrying the Sceptre , where the proceedings of Bothwell's trial were officially declared to be just according to the law of the land. On Saturday 19 April 1567, eight bishops, nine earls, and seven Lords of Parliament put their signatures to what became known as the Ainslie Tavern Bond , a manifesto declaring that Mary should marry
880-474: The Queen was in continuous ill-health "for the most part either melancholy or sickly". On the appointed day Bothwell rode magnificently down the Canongate , with the Earl of Morton and William Maitland of Lethington flanking him, and his Hepburns trotting behind. The trial lasted from noon till seven in the evening. Bothwell was acquitted and it was widely rumoured that he would marry Mary. The next Wednesday,
924-512: The bond before the supper meeting. On 24 April 1567, Bothwell waylaid Mary on the road from Stirling (whether with or without her connivance) and conducted her to Dunbar Castle , where he allegedly ravished her. There remained significant obstacles to performance of the bond, not the least of which was the fact that Bothwell had married Lady Jean Gordon on 24 February 1566. Their marriage was formally annulled on 7 May 1567. A week later, on 15 May 1567, Bothwell and Mary were married at Holyrood, to
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#1732854521587968-472: The captive Queen Mary in 1569, but did not forfeit his titles in his support of the queen. In April 1567, Erroll was a signatory to Ainslie's Tavern Band agreeing to the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the Earl of Bothwell . He died in 1573. In 1528, Hay married Margaret Robertson, daughter of Alexander Robertson of Struan, 5th chief of Clan Donnachaidh , and granddaughter of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl and by her had nine children: In 1561,
1012-561: The condition that he pay 4,000 merks to Helen, Dowager Countess of Erroll and to marry one of his sons to Jean Hay "at the King's pleasure." Following the death of James V of Scotland in December 1542 leaving six-day-old Mary, Queen of Scots as his successor, Erroll was one of the nobles who signed an agreement to support her mother Mary of Guise taking the Regency . They argued unsuccessfully that
1056-532: The confrontation at Carberry Hill, the Duke of Orkney (as Bothwell was now) went to Huntly Castle and Spynie Palace . He took ship from Aberdeen to Shetland , where he was helped by Olave Sinclair . Bothwell was pursued by William Kirkcaldy of Grange and William Murray of Tullibardine , who sailed into Bressay Sound near Lerwick . Four of the Duke of Orkney's ships in the Sound set sail north to Unst , where Orkney
1100-477: The crown (though whether she was his accomplice or his unwilling victim remains a controversial issue). On 12 May the Queen created him Duke of Orkney and Marquess of Fife , and on 15 May they were married in the Great Hall at Holyrood , according to Protestant rites officiated by Adam Bothwell , Bishop of Orkney . Mary gave her new husband a fur lined night-gown. There were few festivities until two weeks after
1144-419: The earldom as a toddler, died under the age of 21; by the time George inherited the titles, the barony had been in the possession of the crown for 19 years, four months. The Peerage of Scotland allows titles to descend along the female lines; Jean Hay, the young daughter of the sixth earl of Erroll, could have inherited the earldom as Countess of Erroll. Instead, the crown negotiated for George to inherit, with
1188-508: The fact that he had attended the meeting of the Privy Council at which the trial had been arranged. Following his acquittal, Bothwell invited the leading temporal and spiritual peers to a dinner in an Edinburgh tavern, kept by one Ainslie, as a result of which the event became known as "Ainslie's Supper" and the document associated with it "the Ainslie Tavern Bond". The bond was subscribed by eight bishops, nine earls and seven lords. It
1232-420: The floor around the pillar. In 1858, the body was exhumed and declared to be that of Lord Bothwell. It was in a dried condition and was thereafter referred to as "Bothwell's mummy". His extended family tried to get his body sent back to Scotland, but their request has not been granted. The identity of the body has never been conclusively proven. A body referred to as "Bothwell's mummy" materialised in 1976 in
1276-576: The general scandal of Europe. The marriage divided Scotland into two camps and led to the Battle of Carberry Hill on 15 June 1567, at which Mary was defeated and captured, though Bothwell escaped. The bond of 19 April 1567 was discussed in at the York Conference in October 1568, and mentioned in the document called " Hay 's Book of Articles ", which narrates events from Darnley's murder to Moray's regency from
1320-435: The nobilitie did, being chargit therunto be the quenis writ and command". James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney and 4th Earl of Bothwell ( c. 1534 – 14 April 1578), better known simply as Lord Bothwell , was a prominent Scottish nobleman and the third husband of Mary, Queen of Scots . He was accused of the murder of Mary's second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley ,
1364-512: The south, almost encountering Queen Mary en route. At Kirk O'Field they lit the gunpowder destroying part of the building and killing Darnley and his aide. Bothwell was publicly accused of having murdered the Queen's consort, Lord Darnley . Darnley's father, the Earl of Lennox , and other relatives agitated for vengeance and the Privy Council began proceedings against Bothwell on 12 April 1567. Sir William Drury reported to Sir William Cecil , Secretary of State to Elizabeth I of England, that
Ainslie Tavern Bond - Misplaced Pages Continue
1408-514: The support of Frederick II of Denmark to put Mary back on the throne. He was caught off the coast of Norway (then in a union with Denmark) at Høyevarde lighthouse in Karmsundet without proper papers, and was escorted to the port of Bergen . This was the native home of Anna Throndsen . Anna raised a complaint against Orkney, which was enforced by her powerful family; her cousin Erik Rosenkrantz,
1452-531: The time of his accident. Author Alison Weir agrees, and in fact the records show that Mary waited a full six days after learning of his injuries before going to visit Bothwell. The story of her mad flight to his side was put about later by her enemies to discredit her. On 9 February 1567 Bothwell left his lodging at Todrick's Wynd on the south side of the Royal Mile in Edinburgh (east of Blackfriars Street) and with accomplices Dalgliesh, Powrie and Wilson, carried several kegs of gunpowder to Kirk o'Field lodging to
1496-562: The wedding, when there was a triumph and tilt and Bothwell " ran at the ring ". The marriage divided the country into two camps, and on 16 June, the Lords opposed to Mary and the Duke of Orkney (as Bothwell had newly become) signed a Bond denouncing them. A showdown between the two opposing sides followed at Carberry Hill on 15 June, from which Orkney (as Lord Bothwell was now known) fled, after one final embrace, never to be seen again by Mary. In December that year, Bothwell's titles and estates were forfeited by Act of Parliament. After fleeing
1540-476: Was a Norwegian noblewoman whose father, Kristoffer Trondson , a famous Norwegian admiral, was serving as Danish Royal Consul. After their engagement, or more likely marriage under Norwegian law, Anna left with Bothwell. In Flanders , he said he was out of money and asked Anna to sell all her possessions. She complied and visited her family in Denmark to ask for more money. Anna was unhappy and apparently given to complaining about Bothwell. His treatment of Anna played
1584-515: Was a Scottish nobleman and politician. Hay was the grandson of William Hay, 3rd Earl of Erroll ; George's father Thomas was killed alongside his older brother, William Hay, 4th Earl of Erroll , at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. After his cousin William Hay, 6th Earl of Erroll died in 1541 leaving only a young daughter, George succeeded to the earldom and with it the family title of Lord High Constable of Scotland . The sixth earl, who inherited
1628-454: Was a kind of a "hot potato" for (king) Frederik II. When it became clear that Mary Stuart would not be able to return to power, the earl lost all significance and was transferred to Dragsholm Castle (as Zealand) instead, possibly due to have become insane. He died there in April 1578 George Hay, 7th Earl of Erroll George Hay, 7th Earl of Erroll PC ( c. 1508 – 30 January 1573)
1672-637: Was and remains intensely controversial, but the preponderant view has been that she is likely to have been an accomplice in Bothwell's designs. On 10 February 1567, the bodies of Darnley and his servant were discovered in Kirk o'Field in Edinburgh . Suspicion immediately fell on Bothwell. On 12 April 1567, he was formally acquitted of involvement in Darnley's murder, but suspicions about the nature of his trial were not allayed by
1716-715: Was back in Paris for the third time – this time accompanied by the Bishop of Orkney and the Earl of Eglinton . By August, the widowed Queen was on her way back to Scotland in a French galley, some of the organisation having been dealt with by Bothwell in his naval capacity. Bothwell supported Mary of Guise , queen dowager and Regent of Scotland, against the Protestant Lords of the Congregation . Bothwell and 24 followers took 6000 crowns of English money destined to be used against Guise from
1760-503: Was held in what were said to be appalling conditions. Meanwhile, the Parliament of Scotland officially stripped him of all his Scottish titles, including the Dukedom of Orkney , in December 1567. He died in April 1578, and was buried in a vault at Fårevejle church near the castle. A pillar to which he was chained for the last ten years of his life can still be seen, with a circular groove in
1804-568: Was negotiating with German captains to hire more ships. Kirkcaldy's flagship, the Lion , chased one of Orkney's ships, and both ships were damaged on a submerged rock. The Duke of Orkney sent his treasure ship to Scalloway , and fought a three-hour-long sea battle off the Port of Unst , where the mast of one of Orkney's ships was shot away. Subsequently, a storm forced the Duke to sail towards Norway. Orkney may have hoped to reach Denmark and raise an army with
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1848-448: Was sent to Copenhagen , where the Danish monarch, Frederik II, deliberated on his fate. The Duke was sent across Øresund to the fortress and prison Malmøhus Castle . However, as news from both England and Scotland arrived, Frederik eventually understood that Mary never again would become Queen. Without Mary, the King considered him insignificant. He was imprisoned at Dragsholm Castle , 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Copenhagen, and
1892-495: Was subsequently alleged that Mary had previously on 19 April 1567 signed a warrant authorising the Lords to sign the Bond. Other sources suggest that the Bond was ratified by the Queen following its execution. The historian Julian Goodare notes that only one of various texts of the bond mentions "Aynsley's supper". He suggests an alternative reading, that the Lords convened to discuss the bond in Bothwell's lodging in Edinburgh and Ainslie
1936-470: Was the caterer who provided the supper. Chronicle writers including James Melville of Halhill and Claude Nau describe a meeting in Bothwell's house or lodging in Holyrood Palace . According to a note sent to William Cecil , the signatories were the Earl of Moray ; the Earl of Argyll ; the Earl of Huntly ; the Earl of Cassillis ; the Earl of Morton ; the Earl of Sutherland ; the Earl of Rothes ;
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