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145-617: Asia-Pacific Mediterranean and Middle East Other campaigns Coups Second Sino-Japanese War Naval Base Hawaii was a number of United States Navy bases in the Territory of Hawaii during World War II . At the start of the war, much of the Hawaiian Islands was converted from tourism to a United States Armed Forces base. With the loss of US Naval Base Philippines in Philippines campaign of 1941 and 1942 , Hawaii became

290-462: A Europe first stance, giving first priority to defeating Nazi Germany. The Japanese had great difficulty replacing their losses in ships and aircraft, while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan , as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki . Japan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and

435-755: A bombing of the city of Darwin on 19 February, which killed at least 243 people. At the Battle of the Java Sea in late February and early March, the IJN defeated the main ABDA naval force, under Admiral Karel Doorman . The Dutch East Indies campaign ended with the surrender of Allied forces on Java and Sumatra. In March and April, an IJN carrier force launched a raid into the Indian Ocean . British Royal Navy bases in Ceylon were hit and

580-651: A 30-ton crane for servicing the subs. In 1933 a submarine rescue and training tank was built. In 1933 a new torpedo shop, pool, theater and repair building were completed and the USS Alton retired. Pearl Harbor Submarine Base was not attacked on 7 December 1941, the base was small compared to Naval Base and battleships . So the submarine fleet was the first to take the war to Japan in the Pacific. The submarine Base started with 359 men on 30 June 1940, then 700 on 15 August 1941, to 1,081 by July 1942, and peaked July 1944 with 6,633 men at

725-744: A baseball team the: Aiea Naval Hospital Hilltoppers, as the hospital was on volcanic ridge overlooking Pearl Harbor. The teams played in the Central Pacific Area (CPA) League. Next to the hospital was the Aiea Naval Barracks, with the Aiea Naval Barracks Maroons team. Aiea Naval Hospital closed in June 1949 and is now part of Camp H. M. Smith . The 1949 patients were moved to a joint Army and Navy medical center at Tripler Army Medical Center . Naval Hospital Pearl Harbor at Hospital Point

870-494: A defensive perimeter to absorb and defeat Allied counterattacks; Japanese decisonmakers believed such a military situation would lead to a negotiated peace that would preserve Japanese territorial gains. Japanese planning divided the early war into two operational phases. The First Operational Phase was further divided into three separate parts in which the major objectives of the Philippines, British Malaya, Borneo, Burma, Rabaul and

1015-721: A four-month campaign. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the US—was hostile to Japan's invasion, especially after the Panay incident . In addition, the Japanese had failed to destroy the Chinese army, which continued to resist from the new Nationalist capital in Chongqing , or in the case of the Communists, Yan'an . In 1939, Japanese forces tried to push into

1160-546: A halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists, began to refer to the embargoes as the " ABCD line " ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch"). The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters (GHQ) began planning for a war with the Western powers in April or May 1941. Japan increased its naval budget and placed large formations of the Army, along with their attached air components, under

1305-624: A letter dated January 24, 1941, Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox advised the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson that the increased gravity of the Japanese situation had prompted a restudy of the problem of the security of the Pacific Fleet while in Pearl Harbor. Knox wrote: "If war eventuates with Japan, it is believed easily possible that hostilities would be initiated by a surprise attack upon

1450-622: A major United States Marine Corps and US Navy aviation training facilities for Carrier Aircraft Service Unit (CASU). Flight crews and air mechanics trained at Ewa Field for the upcoming Pacific War, including Battles at Wake Island , Guadalcanal , and Midway . Also at Ewa Field the Navy had a lighter-than-air base for blimps and WAVES base. Ewa airfield had four runways from 2,900 feet to 5,000 feet. Aircraft carriers of World War II would have 70 to 100 planes on board. Escort carriers would carry 20 to 30 planes. US Navy and US Marines also operate

1595-470: A major armed clash in January 1941 , effectively ending their co-operation. Japanese strategic bombing efforts mostly targeted large Chinese cities such as Shanghai, Wuhan , and Chongqing , with around 5,000 raids from February 1938 to August 1943. Japan's strategic bombing campaigns killed between 260,000 and 350,934 non-combatants . As early as 1935, Japanese military strategists had concluded that

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1740-494: A major repair base for the war. Hawaii was a major supply depot and refueling depot for the Pacific War. A vast fleet of United States Merchant Navy ships help keep the base depots supplied. After the attack at Pearl Harbor, General Walter Short put Hawaii on Martial law , putting all of Hawaii under military rule till the end of the war. Japanese-Americans and Japanese immigrants on Hawaii were sent to Internment Camps during

1885-689: A member of the Roberts Commission, later disavowed the report, maintaining that "these two officers were martyred" and "if they had been brought to trial, both would have been cleared of the charge." In 1946 Short testified on his own behalf before Congress about the 1941 attack. Unlike some of his predecessors in Hawaii, Short was more concerned with sabotage from Japanese-Americans on Oahu. This led to Army planes parked outside of their hangars so they could be more easily guarded. However, this made them easy bombing targets and many were subsequently destroyed on

2030-686: A military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three main Axis Powers . The war entered a new phase with Japanese defeats at the Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang , the 1st Battle of Changsha , the Battle of Kunlun Pass and the Battle of Zaoyi . After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to a lack of military-industrial capacity, they were repulsed in late March 1940. In August 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China ; in retaliation, Japan instituted

2175-471: A request for new Hospital in 1909, which lead to the construction of the 1915 hospital at Hospital Point. Starting in 1925 and completed in 1930 more wards and buildings were added to keep up with the growth of the base. On Ford Island a Naval Dispensary was built in 1940. With Aiea Naval Hospital completed the plan was to close the Hospital Point Hospital, but with World War II the need was great and

2320-585: A sugar company, Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company. Five miles south of Naval Air Station Kahului was NAS Puunene, which was too small to keep up with the carrier aircraft demands of World War II. Holmes and Narver, Industrial and Architectural Engineers in Los Angeles won the contract to build the first part of the Air Station. Naval Air Station Kahului had two runways, 5,000 feet and 7,000 feet long. Navy Squadron VC-23 with Douglas SBD Dauntless scout bombers were

2465-476: A year at a military academy. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant of infantry in the U.S. Army on March 13, 1902, and assigned duty at the Presidio of San Francisco . He served in the Philippines and later Alaska, and took part in the expedition into Mexico with the 16th Infantry Regiment in 1916. During World War I, he served on the general staff of the 1st Division and as assistant chief of staff for

2610-869: Is also used, referring to the period from the Mukden Incident of 1931 through 1945. The major Allied participants were China , the United States and the British Empire . China had already been engaged in a war against Japan since 1937 . The US and its territories, including the Philippine Commonwealth , entered the war after being attacked by Japan . The British Empire was also a major belligerent consisting of British troops along with colonial troops from India as well as from Burma , Malaya , Fiji , Tonga ; in addition to troops from Australia , New Zealand and Canada . The Dutch government-in-exile (as

2755-569: Is holding base for decommissioned naval ships, waiting final fate of the ship. The ships are inactive, some are still on the Naval Vessel Register (NVR) and others have struck from the Naval Register. Current Coast Guard base Naval Station Pearl Harbor was made up of a number of bases, docks, berths, and depots at Pearl Harbor: Wheeler Army Airfield was a primary target and site of the first attack on 7 December 1941, leading up to

2900-848: The Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theater , was the theater of World War II that was fought in eastern Asia, the Pacific Ocean , the Indian Ocean , and Oceania . It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the Pacific Ocean theater , the South West Pacific theater , the Second Sino-Japanese War , and the Soviet–Japanese War in the last few months of the war. The Second Sino-Japanese War between

3045-761: The Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General Archibald Wavell to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit one that was thinly spread across a vast area, from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia. Other regions, including India, Hawaii, and

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3190-609: The Empire of Japan and the Republic of China had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back to 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria . However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7 December (8 December Japanese time) 1941, when the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in Hawaii , Wake Island , Guam , and the Philippines ,

3335-736: The Khmer Issarak , and the Hukbalahap . The Soviet Union fought two short, undeclared border conflicts with Japan in 1938 and again in 1939 , then remained neutral through the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact of April 1941, until August 1945 when it (and Mongolia ) joined the rest of the Allies and invaded the territory of Manchukuo , China, Inner Mongolia , the Japanese protectorate of Korea and Japanese-claimed territory such as South Sakhalin . Mexico provided air support in

3480-907: The Kwantung Army to oversee its occupation of Manchukuo and the China Expeditionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War, created the Southern Expeditionary Army Group at the outset of its conquests of South East Asia. This headquarters controlled the bulk of the Japanese Army formations which opposed the Western Allies in the Pacific and South East Asia. In 1931, without declaring war, Japan invaded Manchuria , seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industrial economy. By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and

3625-635: The Military Intelligence Division until 1924. He then attended the Army War College and after graduation served as a staff school instructor. He commanded 1st Infantry Division from 1938 to 1940 and I Corps from January 1940 to January 1941. General George C. Marshall , the U.S. Army Chief of Staff , appointed Short to the Hawaiian command on February 8, 1941 and promoted him to the temporary rank of Lieutenant General. He earned

3770-552: The National Jewish Welfare Board . USO Hawaii serve all the military bases in Hawaii. Current USO Locations are: USO Honolulu, USO Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, USO Pohakuloa Training Area, USO Schofield Barracks, USO Schofield Transitions. USO operated Clubs, like: Hilo Downtown Club, Victory Club, Hu Welina club, Mo’oheau Park Club, Mokuola Club, Rainbow Club, Haili Street Club, Barbara Hall, Molokai Club, Honoka’a Club, Naalehu, Pahala, Pahoa and Kopoho clubs. One of

3915-584: The Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 , a free trade agreement. On May 28, 1903, the first battleship, USS Wisconsin arrived at the new coal station for coal and water. The Naval Station had existed in Pearl Harbor since 1898, but in 1908 the United States Congress allocated $ 3 million to build Navy Yard Pearl Harbor. Also in 1908 the Great White Fleet stopped at Pearl Harbor on its journey around

4060-637: The South West Pacific . US sources refer to two theaters within the Pacific War: the Pacific theater and the China Burma India Theater (CBI). However, these were not operational commands. In the Pacific, the Allies divided operational control of their forces between two supreme commands, known as Pacific Ocean Areas and Southwest Pacific Area . The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) did not integrate its units into permanent theater commands. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), which had already created

4205-661: The Soviet Far East . They were defeated in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol by a mixed Soviet and Mongolian force led by Georgy Zhukov . This caused the Japanese to abandon attempts to expand to the north , while Soviet aid to China ceased as a result of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact. In September 1940, Japan decided to invade French Indochina , which was controlled at the time by Vichy France . On 27 September Japan signed

4350-757: The Thai government signed an armistice and entered an alliance with Japan. Although Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire , the declaration was not delivered until after Japanese forces had already struck British and American targets. In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), carrier-based Japanese aircraft launched a surprise, large-scale air strike on the U.S. Pacific Fleet's anchorage at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, which knocked eight American battleships out of action, destroyed 188 American aircraft, and killed 2,403 Americans. The Japanese believed that

4495-570: The USS Monaghan . No.16 fired two torpedoes, at an unknown target. The midget submarines had been launched by fleet submarines I-16 , I-18 , I-20 , I-22 , and I-24 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) from Pearl Harbor. Imperial Japanese aircraft (including fighters , level and dive bombers , and torpedo bombers ) attacked bases in Hawaii, including Pearl Harbor in two waves. The aircraft were launched from six aircraft carriers 430 km (260 mi) north of Hawaii. The main target

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4640-474: The attack on Pearl Harbor The US Navy supported the Airfields with aviation gas , spare parts and shipped in planes. The Navy played baseball against the 7th Army Air Force ( 7th AAF ) Fliers. The US Navy supports the current Marine Corps Base Hawaii and Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay . During the war Marine barracks were on 55 acres next to the navy yard with 29 buildings. The Marine Corps baseball team

4785-571: The " Three Alls Policy " ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas, killing at least 2.7 million civilians. By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior and set up a provisional capital at Chongqing , while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi . Japanese offensive action against

4930-544: The 200 ships. In 1940, President Roosevelt had the fleet at San Pedro moved and stationed at Honolulu 's Naval Base Pearl Harbor due to Japanese war actions in China. While the United States was committed to Neutrality in the 1930s, Japan's aggression against China had caused concern. On December 7, 1941, Japan carried out a surprise military strike on the Naval Base in Pearl Harbor. Japan hoped to eliminate US military force in

5075-568: The 3rd Army. He was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his efforts during the war. The citation for the medal reads: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Colonel (Infantry) Walter Campbell Short, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to

5220-555: The 50 All-Star players in the series, 36 had played in the major leagues. Navy Fleet tournaments were also played in Hawaii. Joe DiMaggio , hit a home run out of the Honolulu Stadium while playing for a military base team in 1944. Kamaainas. Pacific War Allied occupation of Japan Second Sino-Japanese War Taishō period Shōwa period Asia-Pacific Mediterranean and Middle East Other campaigns Coups The Pacific War , sometimes called

5365-510: The Air Station. The airfield was support by a small Naval Base at Kahului Harbor . Naval Air Station Kahului was deactivated in December 1947. The Navy turned the airfield over to civil aviation, Hawaii Aeronautics Commission and the base became the Kahului Airport . Commercial airline operations started in June 1952. Naval Air Station Puunene started as a civil airport at Puʻunene in 1939,

5510-537: The Allied embargo. This was known as the Southern Plan . It was decided—because of the close relationship between the U.K. and the U.S., and the belief that the U.S. would inevitably become involved in the ongoing war in Europe—that Japan would also seize the Philippines, Wake Island and Guam . Japan had initially planned for a limited war, where Japanese forces would seize key objectives and then establish

5655-414: The Allies staging areas from which to mount a counteroffensive. By November 1941 these plans were mostly complete, and were modified only slightly over the next month. Japanese military planners' expectation of success rested on the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union being unable to effectively respond to a Japanese attack because of the threat posed to each by Nazi Germany; in particular, the Soviet Union

5800-417: The Americans, faced with such a sudden and massive blow to their naval power in the Pacific, would agree to a negotiated settlement. However, American losses were less serious than initially thought: the three American aircraft carriers were at sea during the attack, and vital naval infrastructure, Honolulu's submarine base, and signals intelligence units were unscathed. The fact that the bombing happened while

5945-434: The Army to prepare for such an attack. It concluded with recommendations for the revision of joint defense plans with special emphasis on the coordination of Army and Navy operations against surprise aircraft raids. It also urged the conduct of joint exercises to train the forces to meet such raids. Stimson replied February 7, 1941, that a copy of the letter was being forwarded to Short, with direction to him to cooperate with

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6090-406: The British colonies of Malaya , Singapore , and Hong Kong , and invaded Thailand . The Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter aided by Thailand and to a lesser extent by the Axis powers , Germany and Italy . The Japanese achieved great success in the initial phase of the campaign, but were gradually driven back using an island hopping strategy. The Allies adopted

6235-639: The British retreated to Imphal in Manipur, abandoning most of their transportation and equipment. They reached Imphal in May just as the monsoon descended, which halted the operations of both sides in the area. Within China, cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan, and the relationship between the two had soured as both attempted to expand their areas of operation and influence. The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press their offensive operations in China. Walter Short Walter Campbell Short (March 30, 1880 – September 3, 1949)

6380-449: The Chinese 38th Division, led by Sun Li-jen . Meanwhile, in the Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road , the Japanese captured Toungoo after hard fighting and sent motorized units to capture Lashio . This cut the Burma Road , which was the western Allies' supply line to Chinese Nationalist troops. Many of Chinese troops were forced either to retreat to India, or withdraw in small parties to Yunnan . Accompanied by large numbers of civilian refugees,

6525-507: The Distinguished Service Medal and was considered to have had a successful career at that time, especially in light of his promotions during peacetime. On December 17, 1941, General Short was removed from command of the U.S. Army's Hawaiian Department as a result of the Japanese attack on the Hawaiian Islands. Short was ordered back to Washington, D.C., by General Marshall. He reverted to his permanent rank of major general, from his temporary rank of lieutenant general, since his temporary rank

6670-429: The Dutch East Indies were, due to their abundant oil reserves, crucially important for further expansion by the Japanese Empire. By 1940 the Japanese also included Indochina, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese troop build-ups in Hainan, Taiwan, and Haiphong were noted in foreign media, Japanese military officers were increasingly and openly talking about

6815-428: The Dutch East Indies would be occupied. The Second Operational Phase called for further expansion into the South Pacific by seizing eastern New Guinea, New Britain, Fiji, Samoa, and strategic points in around Australia. In the Central Pacific, Midway Island was targeted, as were the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific. Japanese strategists believed that the seizure of these key areas would provide defensive depth and deny

6960-424: The Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. Attached to the Fifth Section, General Staff, General Headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces, Colonel Short rendered conspicuous service in inspecting and reporting upon front-line conditions pertaining to the work of his section. During the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne operations of the 1st Army Corps, he efficiently directed

7105-500: The IJN and IJA launched simultaneous surprise attacks on the United States and the British Empire on 7 December (8 December in Asia/West Pacific time zones). The locations of this first wave of Japanese attacks included the American territories of Hawaii, the Philippines , Guam , and Wake Island and the British territories of Malaya , Singapore , and Hong Kong . Concurrently, Japanese forces invaded southern and eastern Thailand and were resisted for several hours, before

7250-459: The Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo (consisting of most of Manchuria ), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China), respectively. Japan conscripted many soldiers from its colonies of Korea and Taiwan . Collaborationist security units were also formed in Hong Kong , Singapore , the Philippines , the Dutch East Indies , British Malaya , British Borneo , former French Indochina (after

7395-420: The Japanese 354 planes 29 aircraft were lost. At the time of the attack, no US aircraft carriers were at Pearl Harbor. The USS  Enterprise was returning to Pearl Harbor and was 215 miles west of Pearl Harbor. USS  Lexington was 500 miles southeast of Midway . USS Saratoga was at NAS San Diego preparing to depart to Pearl Harbor. Due to the attack, the USS Yorktown  was transferred to

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7540-498: The Japanese attack. USS Dixie (AD-14) worked at Pearl Harbor in 1942. USS Piedmont (AD-17) worked at Pearl Harbor 1944. The seaplane tenders , USS Avocet (AVP-4) , USS Swan (AVP-7) , USS Hulbert (AVD-6) , USS Thornton (AVD-11) USS Curtiss (AV-4) , and USS Tangier (AV-8) were at Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack. US Navy repair ships would come alongside a vessel, like a tender, to provide repair (or salvage) operations. The repair ship had machine shops, parts depot,

7685-610: The Japanese attack. The USS Fulton (AS-11) , a submarine tender was used to support submarines at Pearl Harbor from 15 March 1942 to 8 July 1942. YR-20 , was submarine barge used as a submarine and PT Boat tender. USS Orion (AS-18) was station from November 1943 to 10 December 1943, the USS Gar (SS-206) is one of the Submarines she repaired at Pearl Harbor. USS Sperry (AS-12) worked at Pearl Harbor in 1942. USS Bushnell (AS-15) and USS Griffin (AS-13) worked at Pearl Harbor in 1943 and 1944. The destroyer tender USS Whitney (AD-4) and USS Dobbin (AD-3) were at Pearl Harbor during

7830-563: The Japanese on 15 February 1942. About 130,000 Indian, British, Australian and Dutch personnel became Japanese prisoners of war. Bali and Timor fell in February. The rapid collapse of Allied resistance left the "ABDA area" split in two. Wavell resigned from ABDACOM on 25 February, handing control of the ABDA Area to local commanders and returning to the post of Commander-in-Chief, India . Meanwhile, Japanese aircraft had all but eliminated Allied air power in Southeast Asia and were carrying out air attacks on northern Australia , beginning with

7975-454: The Mokapu Peninsula. In 1940 a 5,700 by 1,000 foot runway was added to seaplane base, with housing for 9,000 men. During the 1941 attack, only 9 of the 36 PBY Catalinas at Kaneohe Base survived the attack and of the 9 that survived, six were damaged. At the Kaneohe Bay Seaplane Base 18 sailors were killed in the attack. Seabees built an assembly depot, repair depot, plating shop, engine testing depot, and an engine-overhaul depot. In February 1944

8120-564: The Naval Station at Pier 5 in Honolulu. USS F-4  sank off Honolulu in 1915 and the remaining F-class submarines were taken back to the states. In 1916 four K type submarines operated out of Pearl Harbor with the submarine tender USS Alert (AS-4) till after World War I. In 1919 a submarine base was built with waterfront concrete docking slabs at 21°21′18″N 157°56′31″W  /  21.355°N 157.942°W  / 21.355; -157.942 , on Quarry Loch and Magazine Loch. Commander Chester W. Nimitz , later Fleet Admiral Nimitz,

8265-470: The Naval Submarine Base Pearl Harbor was the Pearl Harbor PT Boat Base. PT boats used the same torpedoes as the submarines so the PT Boat base operated out of the Submarine Base. At the time of the attack six PT boats were in Magazine Loch at the base at Berth S-13: PT-20 , PT-21, PT-22, PT-23, PT-24, and PT-25, Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron One. The PT Boats were the first to use their anti-aircraft guns to shoot back. The PT Boats fired over 4,000 rounds at

8410-419: The Navy took over the airport on December 7, 1941, after the attack. At the time the construction work at the airport was about 90 percent completed at 20°49′01″N 156°27′36″W  /  20.817°N 156.46°W  / 20.817; -156.46  ( Naval Air Station Puunene ) . The 2,202 acres airfield had two 4,500-foot runway. The Naval Air Station Puunene facilities were expanded to support

8555-419: The Nimitz Bowl. Nimitz Bowl was sometime call the Hill . Bob Hope released as record album recorded at the I Never Left Home in June 1944, A tribute to the armed forces on Capitol Records. Site of Nimitz Bowl is now the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific also called the Punchbowl Cemetery. Congress approved funding and construction in February 1948 for a new national cemetery in Hawaii. The new cemetery

8700-558: The Pacific Fleet on 16 December 1941. New aircraft carriers would join the Pacific War and other transferred. The USS Yorktown was later sunk by Japanese submarine I-168 on 7 June 1942. USS Lexington (CV-2) was badly damaged in the Battle of the Coral on 8 May 1942 and was scuttled. Naval Submarine Base Pearl Harbor opened in 1918 at the end of World War I. The US Navy sent United States R-class submarines : USS R-15 (SS-92) and USS R-20 (SS-97) . The submarines arrived in January 1919. In 1912 four F-class submarines operated out of

8845-478: The Pacific War grew, so did the hospital. In 1944 temporary wards with 5,000 beds was added by the US Navy's Seabees , Naval Construction Battalion. Aiea Naval Hospital had patients from battles in Solomon, Gilbert, Marshall Islands, Saipan, Guam, and Mariana Islands. In 1944 the hospital received 41,872 patients, and 39,006 of these patients were transferred to the mainland or returned to active duty. The hospital's patients peaked in March 1945 with 5,676 patients after

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8990-465: The Pacific as it soon carried out attacks across the South Pacific. The attack led the US to enter World War II. For the US all of the Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers were at sea during the attack and most of the other ships sunk in the attack were repaired and put back in service. During the war, Hawaii became a major staging and training base for the Pacific War. Many wounded troops were sent to Hawaii hospitals. The Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard became

9135-505: The Pacific island-hopping campaigns. Waipio Peninsula Naval Reservation Airfield was built at the base after the war, with a single northeast–southwest runway along the eastern shore of the Walker Bay of the base. The airfield and run runway were abandoned, little remain of the base, as it is now overgrown with vegetation. The US Navy's Underwater Demolition Teams are the forerunner to today's United States Navy SEALs , they were founded in December 1943 in Hawaii. The first of 30 WW2 teams,

9280-450: The Pacific, 38 submarines in other theaters, and 73 submarines under construction. By the end of World War II, the Navy had built 228 submarines. Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet , USS Parche Memorial , Submarine Memorial Park, Sharkey Theater, Paquet Hall, NGIS Lockwood Hall Annex, and Navy Gateway Lockwood Hall are on the former Naval Submarine Base Pearl Harbor location on Quarry Loch and Magazine Loch in Southeast Loch. At

9425-407: The Pearl City terminal in 1934, including the China Clipper and Honolulu Clipper . The terminal was returned to Pan American after the war, but with many land base runways built during the war, the terminal was closed in a few years. Aiea Naval Hospital construction started in July 1939. There was an expectation of war and the Navy wanted to be sure to care for the troops. The Aiea Naval Hospital

9570-433: The Pearl Harbor attack. Five midget submarines were launched before the Pearl Harbor attack: 16, 18, 19, 20, and 22. Of the five submarines it is thought that only two made it into the harbor. No. 19 was captured as it grounded on the east side of Oahu. No. 18 sank after a depth charge attack. No. 20 was sunk by Ward . No. 22 made it into Pearl Harbor and fired two torpedoes, both missed their targets before being sunk by

9715-498: The Seabees built a second runway 5,000-feet long, Kaneohe Field. US Navy units stationed during the war at Kaneohe were: Patrol Wing 1, VP-14 with PBY, 318th Fighter Group, 73rd Fight group with Curtiss P-40E Warhawk ) and VP-137 with Lockheed Ventura PV-1 ). Kaneohe Field had an assembly and repair shop for aircraft. Naval Air Station Kaneohe was a training center for aviation, naval gunnery, turret operations, celestial navigation, sonar, and other naval operations till 1949. For baseball

9860-475: The Submarine Base. Over 400 men were stationed on submarines out of the 123.5 acre base. During the war, the base handled 15,644 torpedoes and 5,185 torpedoes fired at enemy vessels. Of these 1,860 torpedoes made successful hits. Submarine Base had is own Base Medical Department, as medical needs on a sub are different than a ship. For Rest and Recuperation, the Submarine Base used the nearby Royal Hawaiian Hotel with 425 rooms, air crew and small craft crew used

10005-424: The US Navy and renamed NAS Pearl Harbor. US Navy unit VJ-1 (JRS-1) was based at the Seaplane Base. Ford Island Seaplane Base was the first base hit on the 7 December 1941 attack. An Aichi D3A Val piloted by Lt Cdr Takahashi dropped the first bomb, a 242 kg Type 98 land bomb at 7:55am on the seaplane ramp. During the war Consolidated PBY Catalina and Martin PBM Mariner were both stationed and passed through

10150-448: The US Navy's main base for the early part of the island-hopping Pacific War against Empire of Japan . Naval Station Pearl Harbor was founded in 1899 with the annexation of Hawaii . Pearl Harbor started as a naval facility and coaling station after a December 9, 1887, agreement. King Kalākaua granted the United States exclusive rights to use Pearl Harbor as a port and repair base. The United States - Hawaii relationship started with

10295-422: The US was not officially at war caused a wave of outrage across the country. Japan's fallback strategy, relying on a war of attrition against the United States, was beyond the Imperial Japanese Navy's capabilities. Opposition to war in the United States vanished after the attack. On 8 December, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands declared war on Japan, followed by Australia

10440-588: The USO Hawaii was an important part of the life of many Troops. The United Service Organizations (USO) was founded in 1941 to lift the morale of our military and nourish support on the home front. The USO was formed by having existing organizations work together to support the Troops, the first groups were: Salvation Army , Young Men's Christian Association , Young Women's Christian Association , National Catholic Community Services , National Travelers Aid Association and

10585-761: The Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere . Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident ( 日支事変 , Nisshi Jihen ) into the Greater East Asia War. During the Occupation of Japan (1945–52), these terms were prohibited in official documents (although their informal usage continued). The war became officially known as the Pacific War ( 太平洋戦争 , Taiheiyō Sensō ) . The Fifteen Years' War ( 十五年戦争 , Jūgonen Sensō )

10730-565: The World War II workload, the Auxiliary floating drydock USS YFD-2 was added in October 1940 until 1947. The main shipyard was not attacked in 1941, only the ships at the yard were targeted. After the 1941 attack, only Dock No. 2 was working. YFD-2 and Dock No. 1 were repaired and used to repair the many ships damaged in the 1941 attack. The four drydocks and YFD-2 could not keep up with the demand of

10875-511: The aircraft carrier HMS  Hermes was sunk, along with other Allied ships. The attack forced the Royal Navy to withdraw to the western part of the Indian Ocean, paving the way for a Japanese assault on Burma and India. In Burma, the Japanese captured Moulmein on 31 January 1942, and then drove outnumbered British and Indian troops towards the Sittang River . On 23 February, a bridge over

11020-525: The attack 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded. The attack destroyed most of the planes at NAS Ford Island , Hickam Field , to the North Wheeler Airfield and NAS Kaneohe Bay . Japan's focus on the battleships, other large ships and airfields in the attack left other parts of the base unharmed: the power station, dry docks , shipyard , depots, fuel tanks, and torpedo depot, ammo, depots, submarine base, intelligence office . Of

11165-492: The attack were vague and in conflict. He requested, but did not receive, a formal court-martial. On May 25, 1999, the United States Senate passed a non-binding resolution exonerating Kimmel and Short by a 52 to 47 vote. The resolution stated they had performed their duties "competently and professionally" and that the Japanese attacks were "not a result of dereliction of duty." "They were denied vital intelligence that

11310-463: The attack, the US government took back all regular United States dollars and replaced them with new Hawaii overprint note during the war. Baseball was a popular pastime in Hawaii, different bases and organizations had Baseball Clubs. Furlong Field was a baseball field built in 1943 at Naval Air Station Kaneohe. This is where some of the base's Hawaii baseball teams played. Peterson Field at Aiea Barracks

11455-473: The base had the: Naval Air Station (NAS) Kaneohe Bay Klippers. Kaneohe Field is now part of Marine Corps Base Hawaii - Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay . In 1951, the Marine Corps took over Kaneohe Field, and the Navy moved land operations to NAS Barbers Point. Naval Air Station Honolulu also called Honolulu Airfield , was John Rodgers Field at Keehi Lagoon on the south shore of Oahu. The Navy acquired

11600-589: The base was the Naval Air Transport Service . The US Navy WAVES were stationed at Naval Air Station Honolulu with their own quarters. Naval Air Station Honolulu support the largest seaplane, Martin JRM Mars . The US Navy used Martin JRM Mars for cargo from San Francisco Bay starting 23 January 1944. The Martin JRM Mars service continued until 1956. In 1946 Airfield was returned to commercial use. The runways are now Honolulu International Airport . During

11745-441: The base. Battleship Row was along the east shore of Ford Island. K. Mark Takai Pacific Warfighting Center is currently on Ford Island. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, there was concern about a second attack, as such more anti-submarine net operations were put in place to protect capital ships and the dry docks. Net laying ships : USS Ash , and USS Cinchona Aloe-class net laying ships , worked at Pearl Harbor through

11890-447: The battles of Okinawa and Iwo Jima. Hospital patients were entertained by 1940s celebrities like: Boston Red Sox Joe Cronin , organist Gaylord Carter , Nearby recreation center had: bowling alleys, tennis, and volleyball courts, and billiard tables for able patients. The 25-acre site's Richardson Recreation Center was used by all troops. The Hospital patient's food gardens, cared for by patients, as part of rehabilitation. The staff had

12035-423: The carrier plane training base moved to the newer Naval Air Station Kahului five miles away, in 1943, as NAS Puunene could not keep up with the war demand for carrier aircraft aviation training. Interisland Airlines was operated out of the base with limited civil air travel. Naval Air Station Puunene became a commercial airport on October 1, 1946. The Navy ended ownership in December 1948, the base-airport facilities

12180-535: The carrier plane training base. The southwest runway was extended to 6,000 feet. The northwest–southeast runway was extended s7,000 feet. The base was renamed Naval Air Station Maui in 1942. US Navy CASU 4 and VF-72 were the first to operate out of the NAS Maui. Naval Air Station Puunene also used the Maalaea Outlying Landing Field for training and Kahoolawe island for a bombing range. Later part of

12325-600: The city, which fell to Japan after three months of fighting. The Japanese continued to push deeper into China, capturing the capital Nanjing in mid-December 1937 and committing atrocities in the Nanjing Massacre , including rape, murder and torture. In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their first victory at Taierzhuang , but the city of Xuzhou was taken by the Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to invade Wuhan and captured it in October after

12470-578: The command of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Historically, the IJA consumed the majority of the state's military budget (with a 73% - 27% split in 1940), but from 1942 to 1945 the IJA would account for 60% of Japan's military spending, while the IJN would account for 40%. Japan's key initial objective was to seize economic resources in the Dutch East Indies and Malaya, in order to alleviate the effects of

12615-681: The commercial airfield John Rodgers Airport, in February 1943. John Rodgers Airport opened in March 1927. Next to the John Rodgers runway, the Navy built a second runway and a seaplane base. The Seabee lengthened the John Rodgers, the two runways were 7,400 feet and 6,800-foot long. The Seabee built two new 6,600-foot parallel runways on fill, aviation-gasoline storage, control tower, barracks, depot, 10 plane nose hangar, and two seaplane ramps. The main Naval activity at

12760-408: The equator. The United States did not want any mandates and was concerned with Japan's aggressiveness. As such Wilson Administration transferred 200 Atlantic warships to the Pacific Fleet in 1919. The Port of San Diego was too shallow to handle the battleships , so San Pedro Submarine Base became a Naval Base on August 9, 1919. San Pedro Submarine Base and Long Beach became fleet anchorage for

12905-404: The first unit based at Naval Air Station Kahului. Some troops trained at Naval Air Station Kahului joined Carrier Aircraft Service Units (CASUs). Carrier Air Service Unit 32 was the first unit at the base, on 1 September 1943. In April 1943 Seabee expanded the Air Station, 142nd Construction and 39th Construction worked on the base. On 11 February 1944 Construction Maintenance Unit 563 arrived to run

13050-440: The fleet or the naval base at Pearl Harbor." The letter proceeded: "The dangers envisaged in their order of importance and probability are considered to be: (1) Air bombing attack (2) Air torpedo plane attack, (3) Sabotage, (4) Submarine attack, (5) Mining, (6) Bombardment by gunfire." Knox's letter stated the defenses against all but the first two were then satisfactory, described the probable character of an air attack and urged

13195-598: The form of the 201st Fighter Squadron and Free France sent naval support in the form of Le Triomphant and later the Richelieu . The Axis -aligned states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand . Also involved were members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which included the Manchukuo Imperial Army and Collaborationist Chinese Army of

13340-518: The globe. During World War II Naval Base Hawaii was given the codename Copper and Naval Station Pearl Harbor the codename FRAY . The fear of Japan's aggression started at the end of World War I . After World War I in which Japan fought on the Allied side , Japan took control of German bases in China and the Pacific . In 1919, the League of Nations approved Japan's mandate over the German islands north of

13485-556: The hotel also. The base had a baseball team: the Pearl Harbor Submarine Base Dolphins. The bases on Hawaii each had a team that would play in their downtime. Submarine Memorial Chapel it is the oldest chapel at Pearl Harbor, it in now a remembrance of all the submariners who died in World War II. On 7 December 1941, the US Navy had operational: 55 fleet submarine and 18 medium-sized submarines ( S-class submarines ) in

13630-544: The instruction and training of machine-gun units at every available opportunity during rest periods. Later, as Assistant Chief of Staff, G-5, 3d Army, he manifested the same assiduous devotion to duty in organizing schools, conducting necessary inspections, and carrying out the intensive training process. After the war, Short became a member of the War Department General staff and served with the Far Eastern section of

13775-418: The local naval authorities in making the suggested measures effective. Admiral Kimmel and General Short received copies of these letters at about the time they assumed their commands. The report found that had orders been complied with: None of these conditions was in fact inaugurated or maintained for the reason that the responsible commanders failed to consult and cooperate as to necessary action based upon

13920-633: The major events during World War II was the Bob Hope show at the Nimitz Bowl. Hope called his 1944 USO World War II military tour of the South Pacific : “Loew's Malaria Circuit” and “the Pineapple Circuit”. Hope, Jerry Colona , Frances Langford , musician guitarist Tony Romano and Patty Thomas did 150 shows in the two 1/2 months they were on road. Hope and Thomas would do soft shoe dance together in

14065-478: The morning of the attack. In explaining his reasons for his instituting an alert against sabotage only (local "Alert One" level), General Short stated: He also declared that he did not receive adequate warning and suffered from a lack of resources. He and his family attempted to get the Army to restore his rank of lieutenant general in the retired ranks on the basis that warnings from the War Department prior to

14210-549: The next day. Thailand, with its territory already serving as a springboard for Japan's Malayan Campaign , surrendered within hours of the Japanese invasion. The government of Thailand formally allied with Japan on 21 December. To the south, the IJA seized the British colony of Penang on 19 December, encountering little resistance. Hong Kong was attacked on 8 December and fell to Japanese forces on 25 December 1941. American bases on Guam and Wake Island were seized by Japan at around

14355-425: The old Hospital continued operations, called Naval Hospital Navy No. 10, till the end of the war. Hospital Point is now a Naval House complex. Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard was built in 1908. The first drydock was completed in 1919. Ship repairs start with the founding of the base in 1898. Three more drydocks were completed in 1941, 1942 and 1943. Dry Dock No. 4 built in 1943 was built at Hospital Point. To help with

14500-750: The overthrow of the French regime in 1945 ), as well as Timorese militia . Germany and Italy both had limited involvement in the Pacific War. The German and the Italian navies operated submarines and raiding ships in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, notably the Monsun Gruppe . Between 1942 and 1945, there were four main areas of conflict in the Pacific War: China, the Central Pacific , South-East Asia and

14645-572: The planes from land bases. During World War II the demand for servicing ships and submarines was so great that the land base operations could not supply all the needs. As in many of the US Naval Advance Bases across the Pacific War, tender ships were used to support Navy vessels. Tenders provided: food, water, fuel, ammo, repairs, and for submarines and seaplanes crew living quarter. The submarine tenders : USS Argonne (AS-10) , USS Widgeon (ASR-1) and USS Pelias were at Pearl Harbor during

14790-490: The planes with Boat PT-23 shooting down the first Japanese torpedo bomber in the attack. The boats engaged in anti-submarine patrols after the attack. YR-20 , a submarine barge, was being used as a PT Boat tender for the PT Boat squadron at Pearl Harbor. Six PT Boats, at the time of the attack, were in various stages of being loaded onto the deck of the oil tanker, USS Ramapo , to be shipped to Naval Base Philippines . Ramapo

14935-854: The possessor of the Dutch East Indies ) was also involved. All of these were members of the Pacific War Council . From 1944 the French commando group Corps Léger d'Intervention also took part in resistance operations in Indochina. Some active pro-allied guerrillas in Asia included the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army , the Korean Liberation Army , the Free Thai Movement , the Việt Minh ,

15080-601: The prospect of war, and Admiral Sankichi Takahashi was reported as stating that a showdown with the US was necessary. In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the US, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile , which controlled the Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil , iron ore, and steel to Japan. In Japan, the government and Japanese nationalists viewed these embargoes as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy would grind to

15225-599: The rest of Australia, remained under local commands. On 15 January, Wavell moved to Bandung in Java to assume control of ABDACOM. In January, Japan invaded British Burma, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands, and captured Manila, Kuala Lumpur and Rabaul . After being driven out of Malaya, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the Battle of Singapore, but were forced to surrender to

15370-470: The retreating and regrouping Chinese forces was largely stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China, while the Communists organized widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line. Japan sponsored several puppet governments , one of which was headed by Wang Jingwei . Conflicts between Chinese Communist and Nationalist forces vying for territorial control behind enemy lines culminated in

15515-624: The river was demolished prematurely, stranding most of an Indian division. On 8 March, the Japanese occupied Rangoon . The Allies attempted to defend Central Burma, with Indian and Burmese divisions holding the Irrawaddy River valley and the Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma defending Toungoo . On 16 April, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung , but subsequently rescued by

15660-509: The same time. British, Australian, and Dutch forces, already drained of personnel and matériel by two years of war with Germany, and heavily committed in the Middle East, North Africa, and elsewhere, were unable to provide more than token resistance. Two major British warships, the battlecruiser HMS  Repulse and the battleship HMS  Prince of Wales , were sunk by a Japanese air attack off Malaya on 10 December 1941. Following

15805-563: The shipyard and sea trialed by the base. With the Vietnam War (1955–1975) the base was again busy with support efforts. The Cold War (1947-1991) and the 600-ship Navy had Naval Base Hawaii active. Hawaii was admitted as a US state on August 21, 1959 by the Hawaii Admission Act . Japan planned and carried out a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Japanese midget submarines type Kō-hyōteki were used during

15950-562: The show and Thomas would do solo tap dance numbers. So the Troops could see Patty Thomas tap dance Hope followed her around a microphone . Also on the tour were singer Gale Robbins , musicians June Brenner and Ruth Denas, and comedians Roger Price and Jack Pepper . The tours visited: Naval Base Pearl Harbor Hawaii at the Nimitz Bowl, Naval Base Eniwetok , Naval Base Cairns , Green Islands , Bougainville , Milner Bay, Naval Base Treasury Islands , Naval Base Mios Woendi called Wendy Island, and Naval Base Kwajalein . Nimitz Bowl (1944-1948)

16095-439: The time of the attack, no nets were installed in the Naval Base harbor, as the shallow harbor was thought to be safe from air torpedoes. After the attack temporary and later permanent nets were placed to protect capital ships and the dry docks. a fleet of net laying ship ships were built and used at major bases across the Pacific War. Kaneohe Bay Seaplane Base, Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay , at Kaneohe Bay , Oʻahu on 464 acres of

16240-650: The tools and crews to get ships repaired or able to get to drydocks. The USS Vestal was next to the USS Arizona during the attack. Other repair ships during the attack: USS Medusa (AR-1) and USS Rigel (AR-11) On the Waipio Peninsula the Navy operated a US Amphibious Training Base , Waipio Peninsula Amphibious Base . The base was at 21°21′40″N 157°59′13″W  /  21.361°N 157.987°W  / 21.361; -157.987  ( Waipio Peninsula Naval Reservation Airfield ) and trained troops for

16385-506: The war the shipyard was renamed, Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. After Naval Submarine Base Pearl Harbor closed, submarine service was moved to Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. US Nuclear Submarines are still supported at the shipyard . Naval Air Station Kahului was a US Naval Air Station on the north shore of Maui, Hawaii. Naval Air Station Kahului was used for carrier aircraft aviation training. The airfield opened 15 March 1943, construction started 16 November 1942. The land had been leased from

16530-503: The war, a new Auxiliary floating drydock, USS ARD-1 was stationed at the yard during the war able to repair destroy-size ships. USS ARD-8 was stationed at Pearl Harbor and Midway. USS Richland (YFD-64) started work at Pearl Harbor and then was sent to Naval Base Eniwetok , Naval Base Ulithi and then Leyte-Samar Naval Base . At the end of the war the USS Arco (ARD-29) transferred from Naval Base Okinawa to Pearl Harbor in 1946. After

16675-727: The war, in 1942, the Navy took over most of the Pan American Airways terminal, the Pan American Clipper Hawaii Terminal, on the southern tip of the Pearl City Peninsula at 21°22′31″N 157°58′37″W  /  21.375375°N 157.976901°W  / 21.375375; -157.976901 . The Naval Air Transport Service operated out of the base, new Pearl City Seaplane Base . Once Naval Air Station Honolulu opened Naval Air Transport Service moved to Honolulu Seaplane base. Pan American Airways started using

16820-407: The war. YNG-17 a net barge was used by the net laying ships to store nets at Pearl Harbor. In 1941 at the Pearl Harbor entrance the Navy had only a torpedo net installed. The torpedo net was only about 30 feet deep and did not extend down to the bottom of the channel with anchors. Submarine nets are anchored to the bottom. One and maybe two midget submarines were able to go under the torpedo net. At

16965-713: The war. Two small internment camps were built in Honolulu Harbor and Honouliuli . At Honouliuli 3,000 Japanese were held and later Italians, Okinawans, German Americans, Taiwanese, and a few Koreans were later held. At the end of the war, many of the troops returned home in Operation Magic Carpet and some of the small bases were closed. In the Korean War (1950–1953) some ships in the United States Navy reserve fleets returned to active duty after being overhauled at

17110-518: The warnings and to adopt measures enjoined by the orders given to them by the chiefs of the Army and Navy commands in Washington. The Roberts Commission was not a court-martial proceeding nor a judicial tribunal. Rather, the investigations were for fact-finding. There is generally no right to "due process", in the sense of a right to counsel and to cross-examine witnesses at a fact-finding investigation. Admiral William Harrison Standley , who served as

17255-398: The way for amphibious landings. The concrete “scully” on which this swimmer stands is typical of the underwater obstacles they risked their lives to destroy. Fleet Radio Unit Pacific, also called Station HYPO, was the US Navy's codebreaking unit in Hawaii. The Navy unit was used in breaking Japanese naval codes . The US Navy's Station CAST and Fleet Radio Unit at Naval Base Melbourne

17400-448: Was Battleship Row at Ford Island and the airfields. Seven battleships were at Ford Island and one was in dry dock No. 1 for repairs, the USS ; Pennsylvania . All eight battleships were damaged and four were sunk in the shallow waters of Pearl Harbor. The battleship USS  Arizona and USS  Utah were not salvaged and remain as war grave memorials. The battleship Oklahoma

17545-456: Was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies. In Allied countries during the war, the "Pacific War" was not usually distinguished from World War II , or was known simply as the War against Japan . In the United States, the term Pacific theater

17690-704: Was Underwater Demolition Team One, UDT-1 established with UDT-2 in December 1943. The Underwater Demolition Team trained at Amphibious Training Base Kamaole an ( ATB ) on Maui and Amphibious Training Base Waimanalo (ATB) at Waimanalo on Oahu near current Bellows Air Force Station . The Amphibious Training Base Kamaole used the 8 miles of beach from Māʻalaea Bay to Makena Landing at 20°43′14″N 156°26′57″E  /  20.720466°N 156.449091°E  / 20.720466; 156.449091 from 1943 to 1944. Amphibious Training Base Waimanalo at Waimanalo Beach, 21°22′05″N 157°42′33″W  /  21.36805°N 157.7091°W  / 21.36805; -157.7091 ,

17835-589: Was a lieutenant general (temporary rank) and major general of the United States Army and the U.S. military commander responsible for the defense of U.S. military installations in Hawaii at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Short was born in 1880 in Fillmore, Illinois . The son of a doctor, he graduated from the University of Illinois in 1901. He then taught mathematics for

17980-493: Was a US Navy outdoor venue in the Punchbowl Crater at Aiea , Honolulu dedication was held on 14 April 1944. The US Naval's Seabees built the Nimitz Bowl with 12,000 seats in a natural Bowl, there was more seating for overflow attendees in the natural Bowl. USO shows, music and sporting events. Nimitz Bowl Sporting events included wrestling and boxing . Army/Naval and Naval District Championship, boxing matches were held at

18125-609: Was another. At Furlong Field on September 26, 1945, was the first game of the 1945 All-Star Game . The best for the base's teams played off in American League Vs. National League. About 26,000 came to the Base's 7 game All-Star Baseball Series . Admiral Chester Nimitz tossed out the first ball in Game 1. Game 6 was played at Hickam Field. Game 3 was played at Redlander Field near Schofield Barracks and Poamoho Camp at Whitmore Village . Of

18270-567: Was at berth B-12 at the Naval Yard, as a Naval Yard crane was being used to load the boats. Patrol torpedo boat PT-29 was one the boats already loaded on Ramapo . The six PT-Boats at replenishment oiler Ramapo , PT-26, PT-27, PT-28, PT-29, PT-30 and PT-42 , were able to fire at the attackers. With the fall of the Philippines the 12 PT Boats were sent to defend the Midway Atoll in May 1942 under their own power. PT-23 broke down en route and

18415-705: Was available in Washington," said Senator William V. Roth, Jr. (R-DE), contending they had been made scapegoats by the Pentagon. Senator Strom Thurmond (R-SC) called Kimmel and Short "the two final victims of Pearl Harbor." The resolution was originally attached as an amendment to the Department of Defense spending bill for FY2000 (S.1059) and cleared the Congress as a whole in October 1999, urging President Bill Clinton to restore Kimmel and Short to their full wartime ranks. However, neither Clinton nor any of his successors acted on

18560-487: Was called Naval Air Station Ford Island , (NAS Ford Island). On December 16, 1918, two seaplane ramps and two seaplane hangers were built. The base was near the Joint Services Flying Field, later renamed Luke Field Amphibian Base. The Island in the early days was called Rabbit Island . The US Army operated Luke Field, a 5,400 foot long runway, on Ford Island from 1919 to 1941. In 1941 all of Ford Island used by

18705-464: Was contingent on his command. On February 28, 1942, he retired from the Army and then headed the traffic department at a Ford Motor Company plant in Dallas, Texas. He briefly returned to active duty from October 3, 1945 to February 28, 1946. He retired in 1946 and died in 1949 in Dallas of a chronic heart ailment. The Roberts Commission , headed by U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts ,

18850-420: Was dedicated on September 2, 1949, at the site of the former Nimitz Bowl at 21°18′46″N 157°50′47″W  /  21.31278°N 157.84639°W  / 21.31278; -157.84639 . Naval Base Hawaii was both a major staging place for troops and supplies going to more forward base and a major rear base for R&R for Troops that had been on the front lines. Due to the fear of Japanese invasion after

18995-507: Was formed soon after the attack on the Hawaiian Islands. General Short, along with Navy Commander in Chief , U.S. Fleet and Pacific Fleet , Admiral Husband E. Kimmel , were accused of being unprepared and charged with dereliction of duty . The report charged that Short and Kimmel did not take seriously enough an earlier war warning and did not prepare for an air attack at Pearl Harbor. In

19140-708: Was larger than needed for a civil airport and some of the surplus land and surplus buildings were sold. The 515.639 acres base was now in the ownership of the Territory of Hawaii, the Army, the Navy and the Hawaiian Commercial and Hawaiian Sugar Company. Hawaiian Airlines (now American) was the only operator out of the airport. All airport operations moved to Kahului Airport (former Naval Air Station Kahului) and Puunene Airport on June 24, 1952. The title of Maui airport also moved from Puunene Airport to Kahului Airport. Puunene Airport closed on December 31, 1955. Puunene Airport

19285-441: Was on 41 acres of land atop a steep hill north of Pearl Harbor. The Aiea Naval Hospital opened with 1,100-beds in early 1941. After the December 1941 attack, construction accelerated. After the attack, 960 patients were admitted and 452 died over the three hours after the attack. The Hospital Ship USS Solace , not damaged in the attack took in 177 patients. Aiea Naval Hospital was the primary rear-area hospital for Navy and Marines. As

19430-527: Was prepared to move deeper into China. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communists suspended their civil war in order to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support by providing large amounts of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed some of his best troops to defend Shanghai against some 300,000 Japanese troops attempting to seize

19575-429: Was returned to Pearl Harbor. In 1943 PT Boats with Squadron 26, (PT-255 thru PT-264) were stationed at Pearl Harbor. PT Boats had a range of about 500 miles and were armed with four .50-caliber machine guns and four 21-inch torpedo tubes . PT Boat were wooden boat that were small, fast and able to attack large ships. Ford Island Seaplane Base was located on Ford Island 's southwestern corner in Pearl Harbor. The base

19720-478: Was salvaged and then scrapped due to her age. The other battleships damaged were repaired and returned to service: West Virginia , California , Nevada , Maryland , Tennessee and Pennsylvania . In the attack three cruisers : Helena , Raleigh and Honolulu were damaged and later repaired. Four destroyers : Cassin , Downes , Helm , Shaw were damaged and later repaired. and one minelayer . More than 180 US aircraft were destroyed. In

19865-427: Was seen as unlikely to commence hostilities. The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in the traditional sense against the United States was impossible, and instead envisaged that rapid, aggressive and expansive conquest would force the U.S. to agree to a negotiated peace that would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia. Following prolonged tensions between Japan and the Western powers , units of

20010-445: Was stated. With limited barracks during construction submarine personnel lived on the 1885 cruiser  USS Chicago , later renamed the  USS Alton , at where pier S1 is now. By 1925, the sub base had about 25 buildings and some swamp land had been turned in usable land. In 1928, the current U-shaped barracks building was built to house all submarine and submarine base personnel. By 1933, submarine berths 10 to 14 were completed with

20155-456: Was the Camp Catlin Gators. On Moanalua Ridge the Marines had a large staging base, built by the Seabees, able to house up to 20,000 troops in 3 camps, for troops departing. Marine base depot was on 73-acre next to the Seabee Camp depot. Camp Maui was a large staging camp. Camp Tarawa was a training camp built on the island of Hawaiʻi for the 2nd Marine Division during World War II. With thousands of Troops stationed and passing through Hawaii,

20300-522: Was the first Commanding Officer of the Pearl Harbor Submarine Base, Submarine Division 14. Some of the new bases building were aviation cantonment buildings from World War I France. The new base had a mess hall, administration building; machine shop, carpenter shop, electric plant, gyro-compass shop, optical and battery overhaul shops. For general stores, a floating barge was used. Starting in 1920, nine United States R-class submarine were stationed Pearl Harbor in 1920. In 1923 permanent building construction

20445-405: Was the first naval hospital at Pearl Harbor opened in May 1915 with a 50-bed at 21°20′53″N 157°58′01″W  /  21.348°N 157.967°W  / 21.348; -157.967 . From 1892 to 1910 the USS Iroquois was used as the Marine Hospital Service Hospital Ship for the base. In 1901 a dispensary building was built at the old Honolulu Naval Station. Surgeon General Rixey put in

20590-405: Was the other unit working on codebreaking. The unit at Naval Base Cavite and Naval Base Manila 's Corregidor Island was lost with the fall of the Philippines in 1942. Station HYPO was key in finding the planned attack on Midway in 1942. Naval Radio Stations United States Coast Guard Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility at Pearl Harbor

20735-456: Was used for drag racing in 1956. Starting in September 1958 the Puunene Airport land was sold off, with the profits going to improve the Kahului Airport. One runways is still used by the Maui Raceway Park. Nearby on the former base are the Maui Go Karters Association, Signature Maui Event Rentals, Maui Motocross Track and the Army National Guard Armory off the Maui Veterans Hwy. In 1942, Ewa Field , Naval Air Station Kahulu and NAS Puunene became

20880-487: Was used from 1943 to 1944. At Bellows Air Force Station is memorial to the men of the Underwater Demolition Team, that reads: This WWII combat swimmer commemorates the birthplace of the U.S. Navy SEAL Teams. Commissioned here in December 1943, UDT-1 and UDT-2 paved the way for 28 more Maui-based UDTs, which played a major role in the island battles of the Pacific between 1944 and 1945. These “Naked Warriors” swam unarmed onto heavily-defended enemy beaches with explosives to clear

21025-500: Was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the China Burma India theater to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict. Japan used the name Greater East Asia War ( 大東亜戦争 , Dai Tō-A Sensō ) , as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from

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