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97-465: Empire MacAlpine was a 7,954 GRT Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC) cargo ship which was built by Burntisland Shipbuilding Company Ltd, Fife . Launched on 23 December 1942 and completed in April 1943. On 1 July 1943, Empire MacAlpine was in collision with Empire Ibex in the north Atlantic ( 53°30′N 36°25′W  /  53.500°N 36.417°W  / 53.500; -36.417 ) and her bow

194-501: A 394 GRT coaster which was built by Cook, Welton & Gemmell Ltd, Beverley . Launched on 10 July 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1948 to Ho Hong Steamship Co (1932) Ltd, Singapore and renamed Hong Ann . Sold in 1954 to Pacific Shipowners Ltd and renamed Ai Sokula . Operated under the management of W R Carpenter & Co Ltd, Australia. Sold in 1963 to Milne Bros, Marshall Islands and renamed Nei Raete II . Empire Maydream

291-680: A 7,078 GRT cargo ship which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 9 March 1944 and completed in May 1944. Sold in 1947 to Dorset Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Lulworth Hill . Operated under the management of Counties Ship Management Ltd. Renamed Castle Hill in 1949. Sold in 1950 to London & Overseas Freighters Ltd and renamed London Builder . Sold later that year to Societa Armadora Insular Sa, Panama and renamed Silver Wake . Sold in 1954 to Eastern Seas Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Navarino . Sold in 1955 to Stanthorpe Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Stanthorpe . Operated under

388-563: A MAC ship, only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel. She was operated by William Thomson & Co (the Ben Line ). After the war she was converted to a grain carrier. She was scrapped in Hong Kong in 1970. This article about a specific naval ship or boat of the United Kingdom is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Government of

485-480: A policy approach that combined centralized leadership with intense mass mobilization, and that this mode of governance is defined by continuous experimentation and improvisation. According to academics Jérôme Doyon and Chloé Froissart, the adaptive capacity resulting from a heritage of guerrilla warfare has made the CCP adept in dealing with uncertainty and has translated into a capacity to experiment first and then systemize

582-449: A total loss. The wreck was reported as having been sold to a Chinese company on 9 June 1950. Empire MacAlpine MV Empire MacAlpine was a grain ship converted to become the first Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The Burntisland Shipbuilding Company , Fife , Scotland , built her under order from the Ministry of War Transport and was delivered on 14 April 1943. As

679-603: Is constitutionally enshrined as "the highest state organ of power." As China's political system has no separation of powers , there is only one branch of government which is represented by the legislature. The CCP through the NPC enacts unified leadership, which requires that all state organs, from the Supreme People's Court to the President of China , are elected by, answerable to, and have no separate powers than those granted to them by

776-545: Is China's leading official since the CCP is tasked with formulating and setting national policy which the state, after being adopted by the NPC or relevant state organ, is responsible for implementing. The State Council, also referred to as the Central People's Government, consists of, besides the Premier, a variable number of vice premiers , five state councilors (protocol equal of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios),

873-550: Is assisted by several vice premiers , currently four, each of them overseeing a certain area of administration. The premier, vice premiers and the State Councilors collectively form the inner cabinet that regularly convenes for the State Council Executive Meeting. The State Council includes 26 constituent ministries, and officially oversees the provincial-level governments throughout China. Generally,

970-474: Is more assertive than the NPC itself and has vetoed proposed laws. The CCP Politburo Standing Committee consists of the government's top leadership. Historically it has had five to nine members. As of 2024, it has seven members. Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to

1067-672: The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre . On the relationship between the government and the CCP, James Palmer, writing for Foreign Policy , states that, "[t]he Chinese government is essentially the shadow of the Communist Party, moving as the party does, and consequently government roles matter far less than party ones." According to The Economist , "[e]specially when meeting foreigners, officials may present name cards bearing government titles but stay quiet about party positions which may or may not outrank their state jobs." According to scholar Rush Doshi , "[t]he Party sits above

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1164-577: The Belgian Government in 1942 and renamed Belgian Seaman . Damaged on 13 January 1942 by enemy bombing off Yorkshire ( 54°22′N 00°19′W  /  54.367°N 0.317°W  / 54.367; -0.317 ), later repaired. Sold in 1946 to Armement Deppe SA, Belgium and renamed Anvers . Sold in 1952 to Compagnie Belge d'Expansion Maritimes and renamed Clervaux . Sold in 1960 to M Angelos Ltd, London and renamed Mihalis Angelos . Sold in 1963 to Maradelanto Compagnia Navigazione, operated under

1261-882: The Chinese Government and renamed Hoping Wu Shi San . Renamed Ho Ping 53 c1979 and renamed Zhan Dou 53 c1985. Empire Mavis was a 5,704 GRT (8,800 DWT) cargo ship which was built by Northwest Steel Co , Portland , Oregon . Completed in December 1918 as West Raritans for the USSB. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Mavis . Allocated to the Dutch Government in 1942 and renamed Jan van Goyen . Sold in 1946 to Halcyon Lijn NV, Netherlands and renamed Stad Maastricht . Sold in 1955 to Compagnia La Plana, Panama and renamed Amaver . Scrapped in January 1959 at Avilés , Spain. Empire Maya

1358-604: The Chinese economic reform , China has been characterized by a high degree of political centralization but significant economic decentralization. The central government sets the strategic direction while local officials carry it out, including developing the details of policy. Academics Sebastian Heilmann and Elizabeth Perry write that policy-making in China is influenced by the Chinese Communist Revolution , resulting in

1455-568: The Clyde with engine damage. A new steam engine and boilers were fitted before she was sold in 1946 to the South American Saint Line Ltd and renamed St Ina . Sold in 1948 to Bristol City Line and renamed Wells City . Sold in 1951 to East & West Steamship Company , Karachi and renamed Fausta . Scrapped in October 1963 in Karachi. Empire Mariott was a 5,970 GRT cargo ship which

1552-466: The Egyptian Government in 1959. Empire MacKay was an 8,908 GRT MAC tanker which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd , Govan . Laid down as British Wisdom and launched on 17 June 1943 as Empire Mackay . Completed in October 1943. Sold in 1946 to British Tanker Co Ltd and renamed British Swordfish . Arrived on 21 May 1959 at Rotterdam , Netherlands for scrapping. Empire MacKendrick

1649-707: The Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square , Beijing . These annual meetings are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC, providing an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation. The NPC generally has a reputation of approving the work of the State Council and not engaging in overmuch drafting of laws itself. However, it and its Standing Committee have occasionally asserted themselves. For example,

1746-519: The chairman , one of China's top officials. The president represents China abroad, though since the 1990s, the presidency has always been held by the CCP general secretary . Elected separately by the NPC, the vice president has no power other than what the president bestowed on them but assists the president. The head of the State Council , the NPC's executive organ, is the premier . The CCP general secretary

1843-553: The secretary-general , and 26 ministers and other cabinet-level department heads . It consists of ministries and agencies with specific portfolios. The State Council presents most initiatives to the NPCSC for consideration after previous endorsement by the CCP's Politburo Standing Committee . China's judicial organs are political organs that perform prosecutorial and court functions. Because of their political nature, China does not have judicial independence . China's courts are supervised by

1940-614: The Admiralty and renamed W 30 . Transferred in 1963 to the Ministry of Public Building and Works. Offered for sale in 1973 at Rosyth by the Board of Trade . Empire Marston was an 8,175 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees . Launched on 27 June 1946 as Empire Marston and completed in December 1946 as RFA Wave Pioneer . Arrived on 11 June 1960 at Inverkeithing , Fife for scrapping. Empire Martaban

2037-664: The CCP's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. The membership of the PSC is strictly ranked in protocol sequence . Historically, the general secretary (or party chairman ) has been ranked first; the rankings of other leaders have varied over time. Since the 1990s, the general secretary (also the president), premier, chairman of

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2134-438: The CCP, and are mostly CCP members. All government departments, state-owned enterprises and public institutes include CCP committees, from the village level to the national level. The CCP committees in government bodies supervise and lead the bodies, with the State Council legally required to implement CCP policies. As outlined by the CCP constitution: "Government, the military, society and schools, north, south, east and west –

2231-531: The CCP, and effectively acts as the state arm of the CCDI. It replaced the former Ministry of Supervision . The Supreme People's Court is the judicial organ of the People's Republic of China and is subject to the control of the CCP's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission . Hong Kong and Macau , as special administrative regions, have separate judicial systems based on British common law traditions and Portuguese civil-law traditions, respectively. The judges of

2328-628: The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the one-party system. The office is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post; theoretically, the president serves at the pleasure of the National People's Congress, the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current president is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. The office

2425-679: The NPC Standing Committee , the chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference , the secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection , the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked secretary of the CCP secretariat have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee. Ranked below the party's Politburo Standing Committee are deputy state leaders including

2522-421: The NPC. By law, all elections at all levels must adhere to the leadership of the CCP. The CCP controls appointments in all state bodies through a two-thirds majority in the NPC. The remaining seats are held by nominally independent delegates and eight minor political parties , which are non- oppositional and support the CCP. All government bodies and state-owned enterprises have internal CCP committees that lead

2619-538: The People%27s Republic of China The government of the People's Republic of China is based on a system of people's congress within the parameters of a unitary communist state , in which the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses. This system is based on the principle of unified state power , in which the legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC),

2716-407: The People's Republic of China is put in practice through its comprehensive control of the state, military, and media. The National People's Congress (NPC) is the national legislature of China. With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world. Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature , with the power to legislate, to oversee

2813-587: The Presidency was gone. The 3rd promulgation in 1978 expanded the number of articles, but was still under the influence of the very-recent Cultural Revolution . The current constitution is the PRC's fourth promulgation, declared on 4 December 1982, and has served as a stable constitution for 30 years. The legal power of the CCP is guaranteed by the PRC Constitution and its position as the supreme political authority in

2910-401: The State Council and the CCP were unable to secure passage of a fuel tax in 2009 to finance the construction of expressways . Likewise, the Ministry of Finance has sought to institute property taxes since the early 2010s, but opposition from the NPC (as well as local governments) have prevented any property tax proposals from reaching the NPC's legislative agenda. The NPC Standing Committee

3007-615: The Supreme People's Court (SPC), which answers to the NPC. The Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP) is responsible for prosecutions and supervises procuracies at the provincial, prefecture, and county levels. At the same administrative ranking as the SPC and SPP, the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) was established in 2018 to investigate corruption within the CCP and state organs. All courts and their personnel are subject to

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3104-497: The Supreme People's Court are appointed by the National People's Congress. The governors of China's provinces and autonomous regions and mayors of its directly administered municipalities are appointed by the State Council after receiving the nominal consent of the National People's Congress (NPC). The Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions (SARS) have significant local autonomy including separate governments, legal systems, and basic constitutional laws, but must follow

3201-456: The ability to exercise social control and regulation, (3) coercive resources, (4) the capacity to consult and collaborate with emerging social groups and organizations to balance conflicting interests, and (5) the ability to learn from failures and mistakes. China's fiscal budget has four parts: general fiscal budget, budget for government funds, budget for operating income of state-owned capital, and social insurance budget. The largest part

3298-625: The authority of government departments is defined by regulations and rules rather than law. The State Council issues regulations on the forms of official government and CCP documentation which govern the level of authority, urgency, and confidentiality required by the document. Official documents include ones which must be strictly implemented by lower levels of government (such as "Decisions" and "Orders"), ones which can be treated more flexibly (such as "Opinions" and "Notices"), and ones with less or more general content (such as "Letters" and "Minutes"). The Central Military Commission (CMC) exercises

3395-571: The base of the government and party hierarchies. Power is concentrated in the "paramount leader," an informal title currently occupied by Xi Jinping, who heads the four most important political and state offices: He is the general secretary of the CCP Central Committee , Chairman of the Central Military Commission , and President of the PRC. Near the end of Hu Jintao's term in office, experts observed growing limitations to

3492-700: The bullion was salvaged by salvage vessel Droxford . It was landed at Town Quay, Southampton in November 1973 and taken under escort to the Bank of England , London. Empire Maple was a 129 GRT tug which was built by R Dunston Ltd, Thorne . Launched on 20 May 1941 and completed in September 1941. Allocated in 1947 to the Government of Poland and renamed Tarpan . Deleted from shipping registers in 1962, allocated to port work only but possibly scrapped about this time. Empire March

3589-497: The central government allowed local governments to issue bonds to finance public capital spending for projects like infrastructure and hospitals. The quantity of such bonds is set by the central government. Local governments cannot issue bonds to pay for current spending, such as salaries. China's civil service is divided into tiers. The highest tiers (including department chiefs, deputy department chiefs, and section chiefs) have significant involvement in policy-making. After

3686-472: The central government in foreign policy and national security , and their chief executives are effectively picked by the CCP Politburo. Below the provincial level, there are prefectures and counties. Counties are divided into townships and villages . While most are run by appointed officials, some lower-level jurisdictions have direct elections. While operating under strict control and supervision by

3783-429: The central government, China's local governments manage relatively high share of fiscal revenues and expenditures. Their level of authority and autonomy in economic decision-making is high, and they have played a major role in national economic development. They do not have the right to make tax laws but may have the ability to adjust certain tax rates within boundaries established by the central government. Through

3880-607: The cost of providing public goods has devolved to local governments from the central government and therefore local governments need to generate fees to provide public services. Local governments are the key provider of public of goods in China. Since 2014, the National New-Type Urbanization Plan has resulted in the consolidation of planning processes that were formerly distributed across different bureaucracies, such as urban and rural land use, tourism planning, and environmental planning. Beginning in 2015,

3977-468: The decision-making in these institutions. The NPC meets annually for about two weeks in March to review and approve major new policy directions, and in between those sessions, delegates its powers to the working legislature, the NPC Standing Committee (NPCSC). This organ adopts most national legislation, interprets the constitution and laws, and conducts constitutional reviews , and is headed by

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4074-412: The direction of local policy experiments or pilot programs. The typical approach is that central government leadership begins drafting formal policies, law, or regulations after policy has been developed at local levels. China has a high degree of state capacity . Academic Thomas Heberer attributes China's state capacity to: (1) the legitimacy of its political system as viewed by its citizens, (2)

4171-403: The effective control of the CCP's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission . The CCP constitution states that the party is the highest force for political leadership. The party's institutions overlap with government institutions and the party has authority over government decisions at both the local and central levels. Senior government officials throughout the country are appointed by

4268-569: The following day a fire developed when chemical cargo reacted with seawater. Empire Manor was abandoned and she broke in two the following day, with the stern section sinking. Bow section sunk by depth charges from HMCS Kenogami . After she had been sunk, a coded message was passed that Empire Manor was carrying gold bullion . Wreck located in 1953 at 43°53′N 53°04′W  /  43.883°N 53.067°W  / 43.883; -53.067 by salvage vessel Twyford of Risdon Beazley Marine Salvage Co Ltd , Southampton . In September 1973,

4365-434: The late 1980s and the early 1990s, the municipal government regulatory mechanisms expanded, as did their capacity to regulate peri-urban areas. The 1994 fiscal reforms resulted in the need of local governments to generate non-tax revenue, which they did in the form of revenues through land development and use fees. This resulted in their increase in both administrative size and geographic size. From 2002 to at least 2023,

4462-511: The main deliberative bodies of China, and are often referred to as the Two Sessions . Aside from the CCP, eight minor political parties participate, but are non- oppositional and have no real power. They must accept the primacy of the CCP to exist and their members are preapproved by the CCP's United Front Work Department . The NPC, elected for a term of five years, holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in

4559-616: The management of Dracoulis Ltd, London in 1953. Renamed Eudoxia in 1957. Sold in 1959 to Phorkyss Shipping Corporation, Panama and renamed Phorkyss . Operated under the management of H C Dracoulis, Greece. Scrapped in November 1960 in Osaka , Japan. Empire MacColl was a 9,133 GRT MAC tanker which was built by Cammell Laird & Co Ltd , Birkenhead . Launched on 21 July 1943 and completed in November 1943. Sold in 1946 to British Tanker Co Ltd and renamed British Pilot . Arrived on 21 August 1962 at Faslane for scrapping. Empire MacDermott

4656-692: The management of H P Lenaghan & Sons Ltd, Belfast . Sold in 1954 to Great Eastern Shipping Co Ltd, Bombay and renamed Jag Shanti . Arrived on 9 September 1961 at Bombay for scrapping. Empire Malta was a 3,539 GRT (4,310 DWT) cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool. Launched on 24 March 1944 and completed in May 1944. Sold in 1946 to Williamson & Co, Hong Kong, then later that year to Indo-China Steam Navigation Co Ltd, London and renamed Hangsang . Sold in 1960 to Continental Navigation & Enterprises Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Slight Wind . Sold in 1964 to Sunbeam Navigation Co Ltd, Panama and renamed Sunbeam . Operated under

4753-416: The management of Hunting & Son Ltd. Sold in 1955 to D B & E A Montanari, Italy and converted to a bulk carrier . Sold in 1959 to Pacific Ruler Corporation, Liberia and renamed Panaghia T . Operated under the management of Tsakalatos Navigation Corporation, New York. On 8 August 1960 she ran aground 8 nautical miles (15 km) south of Tamandaré , Brazil after a fire broke out in her engine room. She

4850-475: The management of J A Billmeir & Co Ltd. Sold in 1961 to Mullion & Co Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Ardbrae . Arrived on 1 March 1966 at Onomichi , Japan for scrapping. Empire Manor was a 7,036 GRT cargo ship which was built by Short Brothers Ltd , Sunderland. Launched on 8 April 1943 and completed in July 1943. Hit amidships on 27 January 1944 with Liberty ship Edward Kavanagh and holed. Taken in tow but

4947-599: The management of Jaguar Shipping Corp Ltd, Hong Kong in 1968. Sold in 1969 to Compagnia Nueve del Oriente SA, Panama , remaining under Jaguar's management. Arrived on 21 February in Hong Kong for scrapping. Empire MacAndrew was a 7,952 GRT MAC cargo ship which was built by William Denny & Bros Ltd , Dumbarton . Launched on 3 May 1943 and completed in July 1943. Sold in 1947 to McCowan & Gross Ltd, London and renamed Derryheen . Sold in 1951 to Cape of Good Hope Motor Ship Co Ltd and renamed Cape Grafton . Operated under

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5044-649: The management of Lyle Shipping Co Ltd, Glasgow . Sold in 1963 to Patricia Compagnia Navigazione SA, Liberia and renamed Patricia . Sold in 1968 to Pomos Shipping Co Ltd, Cyprus , operated under the management of Chios Navigation Co Ltd, London. Scrapped in October 1970 at Hsingkiang , China. Empire MacCabe was a 9,249 GRT MAC tanker which was built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd , Newcastle upon Tyne . Launched on 18 May 1943 and completed in November 1943. Sold in 1946 to British Tanker Co Ltd and renamed British Escort . Sold in 1960 to River Line Ltd, Bermuda and renamed Easthill Escort . Operated under

5141-697: The management of M Angelos Ltd. sold in 1965 to Celestial Shipping Corporation SA, Panama and renamed Gloria . Operated under the management of Gloria Shipping Ltd, Hong Kong. Arrived on 6 December 1967 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping. Empire Mauritius was a 7,320 GRT cargo ship which was built by Bartram & Sons Ltd , Sunderland. Launched on 30 October 1944 and completed in February 1945. Sold in 1947 to Bury Hill Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Markab . Sold in 1956 to Motor Shipping Corporation of Seven Seas, Panama and renamed Matador . Sold in 1958 to J Manners Ltd, Hong Kong and renamed Yangtse Breeze . Sold in 1959 to

5238-544: The management of Mitchell, Cotts & Co Ltd. Sold in 1960 to Escort Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Happy Seafarer . Operated under the management of Mariner Shipping Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Scrapped in July 1966 at Hirao, Japan. Empire Mars was an 8,199 GRT tanker which was built by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. To the Royal Fleet Auxiliary in 1946 and renamed RFA Wave Duke . Arrived in tow on 25 December 1969 at Bilbao , Spain for scrapping. Empire Marshal

5335-430: The management of Moller Line Ltd, Hong Kong. Ran aground on 9 March 1965 near Sakata , Japan. Broke in two on 14 March, a constructive total loss. One part was refloated in October 1965 and the other in September 1966; both were scrapped by Japanese shipbreakers. Empire Marshland was a 683 GRT dredger which was built by William Simons & Co Ltd, Renfrew . Launched on 21 February 1946 and completed later that year. To

5432-421: The management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Scrapped in 1962 in Hong Kong. Empire MacCallum was an 8,252 GRT MAC cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd , Port Glasgow . Launched on 12 October 1943 and completed in December 1943. Sold in 1947 to Doris Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Doris Clunies . Operated under the management of Olsen, Johnston & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Renamed Sunrover in 1951, placed under

5529-451: The management of Mollers Ltd, London. Sold in 1949 to Motor Lines Ltd, operated under the management of Olsen, Johnston & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Sold in 1954 to V Torkildsen, Norway and renamed Tobon . Sold in 1964 to W Kubon, Norway. Sold in 1967 to Aghia Paraskevi Corporation, Greece and renamed Despina . Operated under the management of Pontikos Shipping Agencies Ltd, London. Scrapped in April 1971 at Kaohsiung , Taiwan . Empire MacSorely

5626-918: The management of Patt, Mansfield & Co Ltd, Hong Kong. On 23 July 1969 she suffered a major engine breakdown in the South China Sea and was towed to Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Scrapped in November 1970 at Kaohsiung. Empire Mammoth was a 938 GRT bucket dredger which was built by Fleming & Ferguson Ltd , Paisley . Launched on 6 July 1945 and completed in November 1945. To the Admiralty in 1946 and renamed st Ives . To Ministry of Public Building and Works in 1963 and renamed Bucket Dredger W 2 . Sold c1970 to H G Pounds , Portsmouth . Renamed St Ives , sold in 1972 to an Italian buyer. On 27 December 1972, St Ives capsized in bad weather north-west of Ferrol , Spain while under tow by tug Smit Pioneer and sank at 44°21′N 08°57′W  /  44.350°N 8.950°W  / 44.350; -8.950 . Empire Mandalay

5723-581: The management of Tsavliris Shipping Ltd, London. Sold in 1969 to Free Trader Shipping Ltd, Cyprus. Remained under Tsavliris's management. Ran aground on 16 September 1970 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off Terschelling lighthouse ( 53°25′N 05°00′E  /  53.417°N 5.000°E  / 53.417; 5.000 ). Refloated on 18 September and towed to Amsterdam . Departed Amsterdam on 29 September 1970 in tow of tug Nisos Zakynthos bound for Piraeus , Greece. Laid up on arrival. Arrived on 1 May 1972 at Derince , Turkey for scrapping. Empire Maldon

5820-642: The management of William Coombs & Sons, Llanelli . Sold in 1956 to John S Monks Ltd, Liverpool and renamed Cliffville . On 12 May 1958, she developed a leak, heeled over and sank at Meadowside Granary Wharf, Glasgow. Refloated on 14 July 1958 and sent to drydock where she was declared a constructive total loss. Scrapped in Dublin . Empire Marlowe was a 6,768 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool. Launched on 6 October 1941 and completed in December 1941. Sold in 1946 to Sun Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Cape St David . Operated under

5917-574: The management of Yick Fung Shipping & Enterprises, Hong Kong. Sold in 1976 to the Government of the People's Republic of China . Empire Mace was a 7,177 GRT (11,650 tons displacement ) cargo ship which was built by Consolidated Steel Corporation , Wilmington , California . Laid down as Cape St Roque and completed in December 1943 as Empire Mace for MoWT. Transferred to the Royal Navy in 1944 as HMS Galtee More . Sold in 1957 to Société Misr de Navigation Maritime, Egypt and renamed Misr . To

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6014-567: The operations of the government, and to elect the major officials of state. Its delegates are elected for a five-year term through a multi-tiered electoral system . According to the Constitution, the NPC is the highest state institution within China's political system. The NPC and the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various people's organizations , are

6111-464: The paramount leader's de facto control over the government, but at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi Jinping's term limits were removed and his powers were expanded. Under the PRC's constitution, the President of the People's Republic of China is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by

6208-563: The party and state systems. The commission is headed by the CMC Chairman. The National Supervisory Commission (NSC) is the highest state supervisory ( anti-corruption ) agency of China. At the same administrative ranking as the Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate , it supervises all public officials who exercise public power. It closely operates together with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of

6305-457: The party leads them all." Under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping , there were proposals to increase the separation of the state and the party, especially advocated by more liberal officials such as Zhao Ziyang . The proposals included abolishing CCP committees from some government departments, increasing the influence of the State Council, and having professional managers leader SOEs instead of CCP committees. These proposals were abandoned after

6402-446: The party's chief staff, vice premiers, and the party secretaries of China's most important municipalities and provinces. Ministers and provincial governors are next in rank, followed by deputy ministers and deputy provincial governors. Ministry director generals and sub provincial municipality mayors rank below this, followed by ministry deputy director generals and third-tier city mayors. There are five ranks below these which reach to

6499-493: The results. New policies are often tested locally before being applied more widely, resulting in a policy process that involves experimentation and feedback. This method of first implementing policy through local pilot testing was also used during the Mao era. Generally, high level central government leadership refrains from drafting specific policies, instead using the informal networks and site visits to affirm or suggest changes to

6596-442: The state, runs parallel to the state, and is enmeshed in every level of the state." The integration of the CCP and the state has accelerated under Xi Jinping, chairing eight party commissions that direct government bodies. Under Xi, several government and party bodies have also merged, with one party organization having an external state government name under the one institution with two names system, further integrating party and

6693-459: The state. The Constitution of the PRC was first created on 20 September 1954, before which an interim constitution -like document created by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was in force. The second promulgation in 1975 shortened the constitution to just about 30 articles, containing CCP slogans and revolutionary language throughout. The role of courts was slashed, and

6790-605: The supreme command and control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police, and the Militia. It operates within the CCP under the name "Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China", and as the military arm of the central government under the name "Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China". Under the arrangement of " one institution with two names ", both commissions have identical personnel, organization and function, and operate under both

6887-492: The title was " Chairman "; after 1982, this translation was changed to " President ", although the Chinese title remains unchanged. In March 2018, presidential term limits were abolished. The State Council is the chief administrative authority and national cabinet of China. It is appointed by the National People's Congress and is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency. The premier

6984-722: Was a 244 GRT tug which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd , Hessle . Launched on 23 May 1943 and completed in July 1943. Sold in 1947 to Clyde Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Flying Typhoon . Sold in 1961 to Newport Screw Towing Co Ltd and renamed Dunhawk . Scrapped in 1969 at Newport Monmouthshire . Empire Malacca was a 7,071 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool . Launched on 10 June 1944 and completed in August 1944. Sold in 1946 to T & J Brocklebank Ltd and renamed Mandasor . Sold in 1962 to Tsavliris Shipping Ltd, London and renamed Fotini Tsavliris . Sold in 1963 to Kantara Shipping Ltd, Cyprus. Operated under

7081-506: Was a 244 GRT tug which was built by Henry Scarr Ltd , Hessle . Launched on 8 March 1943 and completed in May 1943. Sold in 1947 to Metal Industries Ltd and renamed Metinda IV . Sold in 1948 to Alexandra Towing Co Ltd and renamed Flying Kestrel . Scrapped in March 1969 at Passage West , Co Cork . Empire Masefield was a 7,023 GRT cargo ship which was built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 26 August 1941 and completed in October 1941. Allocated to

7178-590: Was a 292 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby . Launched on 28 April 1945 and completed in October 1945. Sold in 1947 to James Contracting & Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Foremost 106 . Sold in 1949 to Union de Rem. et Sauv., Antwerp and renamed Georges Letzer . Fitted with a new diesel engine in 1964. Empire Marvell was a 9,821 GRT tanker which was built by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 17 January 1942 and completed in April 1942. Sold in 1946 to Northern Petroleum Tank Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Bloomfield . Operated under

7275-401: Was a 3,750 GRT tanker which was built by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 19 November 1945 and completed in April 1946. Sold in 1946 to Imperial Oil Co Ltd, Canada and renamed Imperial Halifax . Sold in 1970 to Johnston Shipping Ltd, Canada and renamed Congar . Scrapped in November 1977 at Hamilton , Ontario . Empire Mallard was a 4,957 GRT (7,500 DWT) cargo ship which

7372-402: Was a 394 coaster which was built by S P Austin & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 27 March 1945 and completed in July 1945. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Merliman . Sold in 1957 to A Gill & Co (Private) Ltd, India and renamed Margaret Rose was On 9 June 1959 she was hit by a tsunami off Okha Port and later capsized and sank off Dwarka . Empire Maybury was

7469-417: Was a 4,957 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft , Hamburg . Launched in 1922 as Schwarzwald . Sold in 1935 to H Vogemann, Hamburg and renamed Rheingold . Sailed in October 1939 from Bahia , Brazil in an attempt to return to Germany but was captured on 25 October by Delhi and escorted to Kirkwall then Glasgow. To Ministry of Shipping and renamed Empire Mariner . On 26 July 1943 she put into

7566-412: Was a 413 GRT coaster which was built by A Hall & Co Ltd, Aberdeen. Launched on 4 April 1946 as Empire Maydream and completed later that year as Maydream for Ta Hing (H K) Ltd, Hong Kong. Operated under the management of Mollers Ltd, Hong Kong. Renamed Wing Hing in 1947, now 563 GRT. sold in 1948 to Wallem & Co, Hong Kong. on 12 February 1950, she caught fire and was beached at Chilang Point, as

7663-527: Was a 5,107 GRT (7,500 DWT) cargo ship which was built by American International Shipbuilding Co, Hog Island , Pennsylvania . Completed in 1920 as Liberty Bell for the USSB. To Pioneer Steamship Corp, New York in 1920, returned to USSB in 1921. To Lykes Brothers-Ripley Steamship Co Inc in 1933 then to MoWT in 1940 and renamed Empire Mahseer . Torpedoed on 4 March 1943 and sunk by U-160 at 32°01′S 30°48′E  /  32.017°S 30.800°E  / -32.017; 30.800 . Empire Maiden

7760-575: Was a 6,327 GRT cargo ship which was built by C Connell & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 9 July 1941 and completed in August 1941. Sold in 1946 to C Cravos & Co, Cardiff and renamed Ampleforth . On 23 January 1947 she dragged her anchors and ran aground at Tel Aviv , Palestine . Refloated on 3 March and arrived under tow on 10 March at Alexandria , Egypt. Declared a constructive total loss and sold. Towed to Genoa then Palermo , where she arrived on 6 November 1947. Repaired and sold in 1948 to Irish Bay Lines Ltd and renamed Bangor Bay . Operated under

7857-400: Was a 7,086 GRT cargo ship which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 29 October 1944 and completed in December 1944. Sold in 1946 to T & J Harrison and renamed Tribesman . Sold in 1961 to Margalante Compagnia Navigazione, Panama and renamed Delta . Sold later that year to Sigma Shipping Co Ltd. Scrapped in December 1961 in Hong Kong. Empire Mandarin was

7954-869: Was a 7,090 GRT cargo ship which was built by Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd , Barrow in Furness . Launched on 20 February 1942 and completed in April 1942. Attacked on 1 January 1943 and sunk by torpedoes and gunfire from the German raider Michel in the South Atlantic . Empire Margaret was a 235 GRT tug which was built by A Hall & Co Ltd, Aberdeen . Laid down as Empire Margaret and launched on 16 June 1946 as Sun XVII . Completed in November 1946 for W H J Alexander Ltd. Sold in 1968 to Società Rim. Napoletani, Italy and renamed Rania G . Scrapped in June 1983 in Palermo, Italy. Empire Mariner

8051-399: Was a 7,542 GRT cargo ship which was built by Burntisland Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Burntisland . Launched on 15 September 1944 and completed in November 1944. Sold in 1951 to Aviation & Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Avistone . Operated under the management of Purvis Shipping Co Ltd. Sold in 1960 to Faik Zeren, Turkey and renamed Turkiye . Scrapped in February 1972 at Istanbul . Empire Martha

8148-455: Was a 7,836 GRT heavy lift ship which was built by Greenock Dockyard Co Ltd , Greenock . Launched on 14 May 1945 and completed in November 1945. On her maiden voyage her cargoes consisted of nine TID tugs, ten lighters and a 100 feet (30 m) long oil separator, all bound for Hong Kong. Sold in 1947 to Pandelis Shipping Co Ltd, London. On 14 July 1952 she suffered an explosion in her engine room while at Pusan , South Korea. In August 1952 she

8245-615: Was a 7,933 GRT MAC cargo ship which was built by Burntisland Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Burntisland. Launched on 29 September 1943 and completed in December 1943. Sold in 1947 to Mediterranean & Atlantic Lines Ltd and renamed Granpond . Operated under the management of Goulandris Bros Ltd, London. Sold in 1951 to Compagnia Maritima de Este SA, Panama and renamed Condor . Operated under the management of Goulandris Bros Ltd, Greece. Sold in 1955 to Turnbull, Scott Shipping Co Ltd, London and renamed Saltersgate . Sold in 1957 to Navigation Bulgare Maritime and renamed Vassil Levsky . On 6 June 1967 she

8342-451: Was a 7,952 GRT MAC cargo ship which was built by William Denny & Bros Ltd, Dumbarton. Launched on 24 January 1944 and completed in March 1944. Sold in 1948 to Buries, Markes Ltd, London and renamed La Cumbre . Sold in 1959 to Canero Compagnia Navigazione SA, Panama and renamed Parnon . Operated under the management of Lyras Bros Ltd, London. Sold in 1969 to Southern Shipping & Enterprises Co Ltd and renamed Starlight . Operated under

8439-709: Was an 813 GRT coaster which was built by A & J Inglis Ltd , Glasgow. Launched on 20 December 1941 and completed in March 1942. Bombed on 14 June 1943 and sunk at Pantelleria , Italy. The wreck was sold in 1947 to Italian buyers, raised and towed to Messina , arriving on 5 July 1948. Repaired, with a new steam engine being fitted. Sold to G Dagnino, Italy. Sold in 1953 to Astrolea Società Anonima, Italy and renamed Asteria . Sold in 1958 to Lugari & Filippi, Italy and renamed Sanjacopo . New diesel engine fitted in 1962. Sold in 1968 to Società Anonima di Navigazione, Italy. Sold in 1972 to Lidia Melodia Ved. Lugari, Italy. Scrapped in July 1974 at Spezia , Italy. Empire Maisie

8536-611: Was badly damaged. Empire Ibex was abandoned on 2 July and sank. Sold in 1947 to McCowan & Gross Ltd, London and renamed Derrynane . Sold in 1951 to Power Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Huntsbrook . Operated under the management of O Gross & Sons Ltd, London. Sold in 1959 to South Breeze Navigation Co Ltd and renamed Suva Breeze . Operated under the management of J Manners & Co Ltd, Hong Kong . Sold in 1965 to San Fernando Steamship Co, Hong Kong and renamed Djatingaleh , remaining under Manners' management and renamed San Ernesto in 1966. Renamed Pacific Endeavour and placed under

8633-506: Was built by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company , Kearny , New Jersey . Completed as Bellemina for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Madge . Sold in 1946 to Williamson & Co, Hong Kong. Sold in 1948 to Yui Kong, China and renamed Jui Hsin . Sold in 1950 to Pacific Union Marine, Panama and renamed Atlantic Unity . Scrapped in April 1959 at Hirao , Japan. Empire Mahseer

8730-493: Was built by Todd Drydock and Construction Company , Tacoma, Washington . Ordered as War Comrade for the British Shipping Controller , London and completed as Anacortes for the USSB. To French American Lin in 1920, returning to USSB later that year. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Mallard . Collided on 26 September 1941 with Empire Moon and sank near Point Armour, Strait of Belle Isle . Empire Mallore

8827-495: Was built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend. Launched on 2 July 1943 and completed in December 1943. Sold in 1946 to Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd and renamed Naninia . Arrived on 17 March 1960 at Hong Kong for scrapping. Empire MacRae was an 8,252 GRT MAC cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd , Port Glasgow. Launched on 21 June 1943 and completed in September 1943. Sold in 1947 to Alpha South African Steamship Co and renamed Alpha Zambesi . Operated under

8924-615: Was built by William Pickersgill & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 25 August 1941 and completed in October 1941. Sold in 1946 to I Williams & Co Ltd, Cardiff and renamed Graigdale . Sold in 1962 to New Dholera Steamships Ltd, India and renamed Jayshoor . Scrapped in September 1969 in Bombay. Empire Marksman was a 965 GRT (1,100 DWT) coaster which was built by Scott & Sons, Bowling, West Dunbartonshire. Launched on 26 January 1944 and completed in March 1944. Sold in 1948 to Afon Lliedi Steamship Co and renamed Afon Morlais . Operated under

9021-576: Was detained in the Great Bitter Lake due to the Arab–Israeli conflict . Released on 5 June 1975 when the Suez Canal was reopened to traffic. Arrived under tow on 22 July 1975 at Split , Yugoslavia for scrapping. Empire Mackenzie was to have been a MAC ship , but the contract for building her was cancelled after the name had been allocated. Empire MacMahon was an 8,856 GRT MAC tanker which

9118-476: Was first established in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1954 and successively held by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi . Liu fell into political disgrace during the Cultural Revolution, after which the office became vacant. The office was abolished under the Constitution of 1975, then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982, but with reduced powers. The official English-language translation of

9215-896: Was refloated on 5 September and towed to Recife . She left Recife under tow on 31 August 1961 and arrived at Ymuiden , Netherlands on 7 October. Arrived on 19 December 1961 at Vigo , Spain for scrapping. Empire Mary was a 487 GRT tug which was built by Clelands (Successors) Ltd , Willington Quay-on-Tyne . Launched on 17 October 1944 as Empire Jean and completed in January 1945 as Empire Mary . Sold in 1946 to Overseas Towage & Salvage Co Ltd and renamed Marinia . Sold in 1950 to Union des Remorquage de Dakar and renamed W Ponty . Renamed Ponty in 1954. Sold in 1961 to Société Belge Remorquage Oceanique, Ostend , Belgium and renamed Ocean Bull . Sold in 1965 to SA Italiene Lavore e Maritimi, Italy and renamed Nettuno . Renamed Nettuno Sailem in 1984 and scrapped in May 1985 in Palermo , Italy. Empire Mascot

9312-470: Was to have been a MAC ship , but the contract for building her was cancelled after the name had been allocated. Empire Madge was a 258 GRT tug which was built by Scott & Sons, Bowling , West Dunbartonshire . Launched on 30 April 1945 and completed in June 1945. To the Admiralty in 1947 and renamed Weasel . Scrapped in November 1968 at Singapore . Empire Magpie was a 6,211 GRT cargo ship which

9409-498: Was towed to Nagasaki , Japan and laid up as a constructive total loss. She was sold in 1954 and departed Nagasaki on 20 December 1954 under tow bound for Hong Kong. She was refitted by Taikoo Dockyard & Engineering Co , with a diesel engine from the MV Elax fitted. This engine had been fitted to the 1927 built Elax in 1946, Elax was then scrapped. Sold in 1955 to Trader Line Ltd, Bermuda and renamed Bermuda Trader . Operated under

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