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33-545: The monument is a unit of the BLM's National Landscape Conservation System . Over 450 distinct Native American structures have been recorded in the monument, some of large pueblos containing more than 100 rooms each. The enhanced protection status also provides greater habitat protection for the numerous plant and animal communities. Petroglyphs are scattered across the numerous puebloan ruins, which were built between 1250 and 1450 C.E. when several thousand Native Americans, known as

66-414: A National Monument, three National Conservation Areas, Wilderness, Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Scenic Trails. As of 2012, there were 29 sites totaling 11,394,457 acres (4,611,173 ha) 17 sites totaling 3,708,472 acres (1,500,765 ha) 221 sites totaling 8,736,691 acres (3,535,613 ha); excludes wilderness associated with other agencies There are 545 wilderness study areas with

99-470: A Preserve America program, a Save America's Treasures Program, and a Route 66 Corridor Preservation Program, all to be carried out by the National Park Service . New National Park System components would include: Title VIII designates ten new National Heritage Areas at the cost of $ 103.5 million: Title IX authorizes three new studies to examine new reclamation projects under the jurisdiction of

132-452: A cost of $ 64 million per year through the year 2018. It furthermore authorizes groundwater surveys in New Mexico, also by the U.S. Geological Survey . Title XII creates five new oceanic observation, research, and exploration programs at a cost of $ 2.6 billion, including programs for undersea research, undersea and coastal mapping, acidification research, and ocean conservation. One provision,

165-539: A new bill which incorporated 159 bills that had been considered by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources during the 110th Congress and, in some cases, earlier Congresses. Despite vehement opposition from Coburn and some other Republicans, the Senate passed a cloture motion on January 11 by a vote of 66–12 and then passed the bill on January 15 by a vote of 73–21, with four members not voting. The bill

198-471: A total area of 12,790,291 acres (5,176,047 ha). 11 sites totaling 5,343 miles (8,599 km) Distances and states are noted for BLM lands only. 5 units totaling 668 miles (1,075 km) Distances and states are noted for BLM lands only. 38 sites, totaling 2,061 miles (3,317 km) Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 The Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 ( Pub. L.   111–11 (text) (PDF) , H.R. 146 )

231-753: Is a land management law passed in the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 30, 2009. The bill designates millions of acres in the US as protected and establishes a National Landscape Conservation System . It includes funding for programs, studies and other activities by the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture , and in some cases bars further geothermal leasing, oil and gas leasing, and new mining patents on certain stretches of protected land. On June 26, 2008, Senator Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico introduced

264-610: The Bureau of Reclamation . It also creates 15 new water and endangered fish projects in four states. Furthermore, Title IX puts some federal water reclamation facilities under local control and funds conservation efforts. Title X codifies the settlements of three water disputes in California, Nevada, and New Mexico, in an effort to resolve decades of litigation. Title XI reauthorizes the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992 at

297-807: The Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System Act , would "establish a national integrated System of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes observing systems, comprised of Federal and non-Federal components coordinated at the national level by the National Ocean Research Leadership Council" in order to "support national defense, marine commerce, navigation safety, weather, climate, and marine forecasting, energy siting and production, economic development, ecosystem-based marine, coastal, and Great Lakes resource management, public safety, and public outreach training and education." Title XIII deals with miscellaneous bills, including one that funds

330-826: The National Tropical Botanical Garden in Hawaii and another that increases the number of Assistant Energy Secretaries in the United States Department of Energy to eight. Title XIII also amends the Fisheries Restoration and Irrigation Mitigation Act of 2000 and the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Act. Title XIV, the Christopher and Dana Reeve Paralysis Act, provides $ 105 million over five years for coordinated paralysis research by

363-1163: The National Wilderness Preservation System . Among these lands are: Title II establishes a National Landscape Conservation System , to include Bureau of Land Management -administered National Monuments , National Conservation Areas , Wilderness Study Areas , components of the National Trails System , components of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System , and components of the National Wilderness Preservation System . Title II also designates four new National Conservation Areas ( Fort Stanton – Snowy River Cave National Conservation Area , Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area , Red Cliffs National Conservation Area in Washington County, Utah , and Dominguez-Escalante National Conservation Area ) and one new National Monument (the Prehistoric Trackways National Monument in

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396-503: The Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2008 ( S. 3213 ). Although the bill had some support from both Democrats and Republicans , including Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada , the Senate never voted on the measure due to threats by Senator Tom Coburn (R- Oklahoma ) to filibuster the bill. On January 7, 2009, Bingaman introduced the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 ( S. 22 ),

429-455: The Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 . The Act permanently unified the individual units as a public lands System, protecting the System in law so that it would no longer exist at the pleasure of each president. This marked the first new congressionally authorized public lands system in decades. The act also added 1,200,000 acres (490,000 ha) of new designations to the System, including

462-626: The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail and the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail . Title VI creates a number of new United States Department of the Interior programs. One of these programs, the Wolf Livestock Loss Demonstration Project, gives states and Indian tribes federal grants to help livestock producers to reduce livestock loss due to predation by wolves in non-lethal ways, as well as for

495-825: The Robledo Mountains of New Mexico ). It also transfers lands in Nevada, Utah, Idaho, and Washington to federal control. Title III authorizes the United States Secretary of Agriculture to, through the Chief of the United States Forest Service , conduct studies in the interest of preserving open space in southern Colorado and deliver "an annual report on the wildland firefighter safety practices...including training programs and activities for wildland fire suppression, prescribed burning, and wildland fire use, during

528-587: The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Over the years, the Bureau of Land Management has had to adjust its approach to public land management to fit the changing needs of the nation. The BLM historically has managed lands under its jurisdiction for extractive uses, such as mining, logging, grazing, and oil and gas production. In 1983, Congress acknowledged the value of watersheds, wildlife habitat, recreation, scenery, scientific exploration and other non-extractive uses with

561-860: The United States Treasury . However, each proposal's expenditures are limited to $ 4 million per year. Title V designates thousands of miles of new additions to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System . It also adds six trails to the National Trails System : the Arizona National Scenic Trail , the New England National Scenic Trail , the Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail , the Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route National Historic Trail ,

594-559: The pronghorn , mule deer , white-tail deer and javelina are relatively common. The elk , black bears and mountain lions are also found in the monument, but are much less common. Native fish including the longfin dace, the Gila mountain sucker, speckled dace, and three endangered native fish including the Gila intermedia , charalito , and desert pupfish exist in the 129-mile (208 km)-long Agua Fria River and its tributaries. In late 2004,

627-737: The BLM and the Sierra Club helped spark the formation of the Friends of the Agua Fria National Monument, a non-profit organization created to assist the federal agency in monument protection, management, and outreach. National Landscape Conservation System National Conservation Lands , formally known as the National Landscape Conservation System , is a 35-million-acre (140,000 km ) collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be

660-526: The Perry Mesa Tradition, inhabited the region. The petroglyphs depict animals, geometric figures and abstract symbols and are found by the thousands. Numerous ruins of agricultural terraces and irrigation devices indicate that farming was widespread during this period. Other historical entities that are found include 19th century mining features and Basque sheep camps. Situated between 2,150 feet (660 m) and 4,600 feet (1,400 m) in elevation,

693-593: The Senate, the bill was amended to include a majority of the text in S. 22. The Senate voted 73–21 for cloture and 77-20 to pass the bill. The House agreed to the Senate amendments, 285-140, on March 25. President Barack Obama signed the bill into law on March 30, 2009, declaring one provision unconstitutional in his signing statement . Title I of the bill designates two million acres (8,000 km²) of wilderness in nine states ( California , Colorado , Idaho , Michigan , New Mexico , Oregon , Utah , Virginia , and West Virginia ) for protection through addition to

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726-569: The agency looks at the land it manages: the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective. The Bureau of Land Management's National Landscape Conservation System, better known as the National Conservation Lands, was created in 2000 with the mission to "conserve, protect, and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural, ecological, and scientific values for

759-586: The benefit of current and future generations." There are eleven federal conservation designations for the units that make up the National Conservation Lands: When the Conservation System was created in 2000 without Congressional authorization, there was no guarantee that the System would be permanent. The National Landscape Conservation System Act was signed into law in March 2009 as part of

792-512: The bill, while three Democrats voted against it: Dan Boren of Oklahoma, Jim Marshall of Georgia , and Collin Peterson of Minnesota . House Democrats could then have brought the bill back to the floor under regular procedure, which would have allowed Republicans to submit amendments to the bill. The bill, as voted on by the House, had been amended by Jason Altmire (D- Pennsylvania ), to prohibit

825-491: The carrying out of ecological restoration treatments. The Chief, acting on behalf of the Secretary of Agriculture, then may select up to ten of these proposals, aided by a fifteen-member advisory board, to be funded in any given fiscal year. For each proposal selected, 50% of the expenditures of the execution and monitoring of ecological restoration treatments would be paid for by a Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Fund in

858-624: The closing of the lands described in the bill to hunting and fishing , presumably to persuade sportsmen and hunters to vote for the bill. On March 3, 2009, the House of Representatives passed a bill under suspension of the rules, the Revolutionary War and War of 1812 Battlefield Protection Act ( H.R. 146 ), 394-13. On March 12, one day after the House failed to pass the Omnibus Public Land Management Act, Reid announced that he would file cloture on H.R. 146. While in

891-532: The crown jewels of the American West . These lands represent 10% of the 258 million acres (1,040,000 km ) managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40% of all the federal public land in the nation. The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service (NPS), and

924-713: The designation of the first BLM-managed wilderness area—the Bear Trap Canyon unit of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana . In 1996, President Clinton underscored non-extractive priorities on BLM lands when he established the first national monument to be administered by the BLM—the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah. With this and several similar designations, a new focus emerged that would become part of how

957-465: The monument is primarily composed of semi-desert grassland but also contains extensive riparian stands of cottonwoods and willows which are tied to the Agua Fria River. More than 140 bird species have been recorded at the monument. Notable species of reptiles and amphibians , including the leopard frog , the garter snake , and the desert tortoise , can be seen at the monument. Mammals such as

990-684: The preceding calendar year." Title III also prohibits further oil and gas leasing, geothermal leasing, and mining patents in a stretch of the Bridger-Teton National Forest ; this provision was based on a bill being crafted by Senator Craig L. Thomas of Wyoming before his death. Title IV authorizes the Chief of the Forest Service to solicit (from regional foresters ) nominations of forest landscapes of at least 50,000 acres (200 km ), primarily consisting of national forest lands, which are in need of "active ecosystem restoration," for

1023-513: The purpose of compensating livestock producers for their loss of livestock due to predation by wolves. Another part of Title VI, the Paleontological Resources Preservation Act, was originally a Senate bill introduced in 2007 by Daniel Akaka (D-Hawaii). This provision establishes stronger penalties than previously required for nonpermitted removal of scientifically significant fossils from federal lands. The provision

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1056-640: Was endorsed and strongly supported by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology , an international association of professional and amateur vertebrate paleontologists. In contrast, the Association of Applied Paleontological Sciences, an association of commercial fossil dealers , opposed the measure. Title VII makes three additions to the National Park System and expands current National Park designations. It also authorizes an American Battlefield Protection Program,

1089-505: Was then sent to the House of Representatives , where it was expected to pass by a wide margin. The bill was held at the desk instead of being sent to a committee. On March 11, 2009, the House considered the bill under suspension of the rules, meaning that a two-thirds vote would be required for passage. Those voting in favor of the bill (predominantly Democrats) fell two votes short of a two-thirds majority, 282-144. 34 Republicans voted in favor of

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