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17-563: In the early 1960s a group approached the U.S. Congress to charter a tropical botanical garden on U.S. soil. In 1964, Public Law 88-449 was enacted which chartered the Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden (which would later be changed to National Tropical Botanical Garden). The group is a not-for-profit non-governmental institution holding a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . The mission of

34-484: A congressional charter. With few exceptions, most corporations since created by Congress are not federally chartered but are simply created as District of Columbia corporations. Some charters create corporate entities, akin to being incorporated at the federal level. Examples of such charters are the Federal Reserve Bank , Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , Civil Air Patrol , Fannie Mae , Freddie Mac , and

51-519: A plant species previously deemed to be extinct , that is Hibiscadelphus woodii . NTBG has awarded the David Fairchild Medal for Plant Exploration annually since 1999. NTBG is headquartered in Kalāheo , on the island of Kauaʻi in the state of Hawaii . The building was originally designed by architect Vladimir Ossipoff . The Juliet Rice Wichman Botanical Research Center building, named after

68-625: Is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group . Congress has issued corporate charters since 1791 and the laws that issue them are codified in Title 36 of the United States Code . The first charter issued by Congress was for the First Bank of the United States . The relationship between Congress and an organization so recognized

85-513: Is largely symbolic, and is intended to lend the organization the legitimacy of being officially sanctioned by the U.S. government . Congress does not oversee or supervise organizations it has so chartered, aside from receiving a yearly financial statement. Until the District of Columbia was granted the ability to issue corporate charters in the late 1800s, corporations operating in the District required

102-702: The Disabled American Veterans , Veterans of Foreign Wars , National Trust for Historic Preservation , the United States Olympic Committee , the National Conference on Citizenship , and NeighborWorks America . American University , Gallaudet University , Georgetown University , George Washington University , Howard University , and the Institute of American Indian Arts (IAIA) are the only congressionally chartered universities in

119-838: The National Recording Preservation Foundation under the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, and the American GI Forum , the Korean War Veterans Association, the Military Officers Association of America , and the National Foundation on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition in 1998, 2008, 2009, and 2010 respectively under laws passed with the sole purpose of issuing the charters. The granting of

136-991: The Tennessee Valley Authority . Other national-level groups with such charters are the American Chemical Society , American Legion , American Red Cross , the Boy Scouts of America , the Girl Scouts of the USA , Little League Baseball Inc , the National Academy of Public Administration , The National Academy of Sciences , the National Ski Patrol , the National FFA Organization , the National Safety Council , National Park Foundation ,

153-560: The USO . Congress has chartered about 100 fraternal or patriotic groups. Eligibility for a charter is based on a group’s activities, whether they are unique, and whether or not they are in the public interest . If this is the case, a bill to grant a charter is introduced in Congress and must be voted into law. There had been questions regarding the federal government's power to manage corporations which have received charters. Amid dissatisfaction with

170-405: The conservationist and botanist , was constructed in 2003 under Dean Sakamoto of concrete to survive hurricanes. Hurricane Iniki devastated the area in 1992. Garden sites are: Thousands of species have been gathered from throughout the tropical world, through hundreds of field expeditions by staff and through collaborations with other institutions and researchers. Its living collections include

187-676: The Awini Preserve, which was acquired in 1975 on the island of Hawai'i; the Kahanu Preserve (adjacent to Kahanu Garden on Maui) and the Limahuli Preserve, which was acquired in 1994 on the island of Kaua'i. At present, preserves are not open to the public. The Breadfruit Institute was created by the National Tropical Botanical Garden in 2002 to increase focus on the preservation of breadfruit germplasm and promoting

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204-872: The NTBG is to enrich life through discovery, scientific research, conservation, and education by perpetuating the survival of plants, ecosystems, and cultural knowledge of tropical regions. This mission would be achieved through: a network of diverse gardens and preserves in Hawai`i and Florida, each with significant biological, cultural, and historical resources; conservation, research, and reference collections (living, library, and herbarium) assembled through discovery and collaboration; research in botany, ethnobotany, horticulture, conservation biology, and restoration ecology through programs and institutes; educational courses, publications, lectures, and visitor programs; and facilities and infrastructure to conduct this work. In 2019, they rediscovered

221-406: The United States. More common is a charter that recognizes a group already incorporated at the state level. These mostly honorific charters tend "to provide an 'official' imprimatur to their activities, and to that extent it may provide them prestige and indirect financial benefit". Groups that fall into this group are usually veterans’ groups, fraternal groups, youth groups or patriotic groups like

238-616: The fruit as a highly nutritional answer to global food shortages. The mission of the Breadfruit Institute is to promote the conservation and use of breadfruit for food and reforestation. The institute is taking a leading role in the conservation of breadfruit diversity and ethnobotanical research documenting traditional uses and cultural practices involving breadfruit. 21°54′24″N 159°30′40″W  /  21.90667°N 159.51111°W  / 21.90667; -159.51111 Congressional charter A congressional charter

255-423: The largest assemblages of native Hawaiian plant species and of breadfruit cultivars in existence. Tours of each of the gardens are available. Preserves are also an important component of the NTBG. The preserves are seen as a refuge for nature, providing habitat for native and tropical plant species to mature and reproduce in a natural setting without the influence of human activity. They have also provided scientists

272-505: The necessary means for the reintroduction of critically endangered species that are no longer found in the wild. These preserves act as large laboratories for experiments in conservation biology. The NTBG currently possesses and manages five preserves: the Lawai Preserve (adjacent to McBryde Garden on Kauai), the Ka'upulehu Preserve, which was acquired in the early 1970s on the island of Hawai'i ;

289-826: The system, the subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee decided not to consider applications for further charters in 1992. However, Congress issued corporate charters for the Corporation for the Promotion of Rifle Practice and Firearms Safety , the Fleet Reserve Association , and the Air Force Sergeants Association under the National Defense Authorization Acts for the 1996, 1997, and 1998 fiscal years respectively,

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