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24-447: Adjacent provinces are Kütahya to the northwest, Uşak to the west, Denizli to the southwest, Burdur to the south, Isparta to the southeast, Konya to the east, and Eskişehir to the north. Afyonkarahisar province is divided into 18 districts : The population of Afyonkarahisar Province is majority Turkish and Muslim of the Sunni sect. Air pollution is a chronic problem in

48-549: A Christian basilica. During the Byzantine period, the city continued to flourish and also remained an important centre for Christianity. The museum contains historical artifacts from Hierapolis, as well as those from Laodiceia, Colossae , Tripolis , Attuda and other towns of the Lycos (Çürüksu) valley. The museum also has a section devoted to artifacts found at Beycesultan Hüyük that includes examples of Bronze Age craft. Artifacts from

72-738: A great extent during Byzantine rule. Turks were first seen in Denizli in 1070 when Afşin Bey , under the control of the Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan , raided the area. The second and third Crusades fought here against the Seljuk Turks under the command of Kazıkbeli , who managed to flee with a small force to Antalya which was also captured by the Crusaders . Later, after the Turks had established control of

96-603: A healing centre where doctors used the thermal springs as a treatment for their patients. The city began minting bronze coins in the 2nd century BC. These coins give the name Hieropolis . It remains unclear whether this name referred to the original temple ( ἱερόν , hieron ) or honoured Hiera , the wife of Telephus , son of Heracles and the Mysian princess Auge . This name eventually changed into Hierapolis ("holy city"). In 133 BC, when Attalus III died, he bequeathed his kingdom to Rome. Hierapolis thus became part of

120-687: Is a natural site in Denizli Province in southwestern Turkey . The area is famous for a carbonate mineral left by the flowing of thermal spring water. It is located in Turkey's Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which has a temperate climate for most of the year. The ancient Greek city of Hierapolis was built on top of the travertine formation which is in total about 2,700 metres (8,860 ft) long, 600 m (1,970 ft) wide and 160 m (525 ft) high. It can be seen from

144-423: Is deposited by the water as a soft gel which eventually crystallizes into travertine. There are only a few historical facts known about the origin of the city. No traces of the presence of Hittites or Persians have been found. The Phrygians built a temple, probably in the first half of the 7th century BC. This temple, originally used by the citizens of the nearby town of Laodicea , would later form

168-511: Is mountainous. At 2571m Mount Honaz is the highest in the province, and indeed in Western Anatolia . Babadag in the Mentes range has a height of 2308 meters. The biggest lake in Denizli is Acıgöl , which means bitter lake and indeed industrial salts ( sodium sulphate ) are extracted from this lake which is highly alkaline. There is a thermal spring to the west of Sarayköy , at the source of

192-730: Is renowned in Turkey for having a famous breed of cock , renowned for its appearance and colour, along with its prolonged and melodious crows. Great effort is taken by the state and local farmers to preserve the breed. In appearance the Denizli cock has black eyes, dark grey legs, a long neck, and a red crown. It weighs 3-3.5 kg, and has a distinctive crow. [REDACTED] Media related to Denizli Province at Wikimedia Commons 37°44′36″N 29°17′29″E  /  37.74333°N 29.29139°E  / 37.74333; 29.29139 Pamukkale Pamukkale , ( Turkish pronunciation: [pamuk̚'kalɛ] ) meaning "cotton castle" in Turkish ,

216-407: Is transported 320 metres (1,050 ft) to the head of the travertine terraces and deposits calcium carbonate on a section 60 to 70 metres (200 to 230 ft) long covering an expanse of 24 metres (79 ft) to 30 metres (98 ft). When the water, supersaturated with calcium carbonate, reaches the surface, carbon dioxide de-gasses from it, and calcium carbonate is deposited. Calcium carbonate

240-619: The Book of Revelation , John the Evangelist hears a loud voice which sounded like a trumpet when he was on the island of Patmos . The voice says: "Write down what you see and send the book to the Churches in these seven cities: Ephesus , Smyrna , Pergamum , Thyatira , Sardis , Philadelphia and Laodicea". The Church of Laodicea was a sacred place even in pre-Christian times, and is still visited by Christians today, although it lost its importance to

264-479: The Caria , Pisidia and Lydia regions are also on display. The museum's exhibition space consists of three halls of the vaulted Hierapolis Bath buildings and the open-air areas in the eastern side which are known to have been used as the library and gymnasium. The artifacts in open exhibition space are mostly marble and stone. Pamukkale is recognized as a World Heritage Site together with Hierapolis. Hierapolis-Pamukkale

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288-567: The Hittites themselves. The Hittites were followed by Phrygians , Lydians and Persians , and then cities founded by the ancient Greeks and Alexander the Great . The first real settlement was the city of Laodicea on the Lycus which was established by King Antiochus II for his wife Laodice. Laodicea is located 6 km north of the city of Denizli. The city of Hierapolis was established around 190 BC by

312-619: The Pergamene Kingdom, one of the Hellenistic states of Anatolia. The calcified terraces and pools of Pamukkale ( Cotton Castle ) now stand below the ruins of Hierapolis. The two cities, Laodicea and Hierapolis later came under Roman rule, and with the division of the Empire in 395 were left within the boundaries of the East Roman Empire . The province has strong biblical connections: in

336-518: The Great Menderes River, which contains bicarbonates and sulfates. There is another hot spring in Kızıldere which reaches 200˚C. A geothermal steam source was first found in the region in 1965 during drilling work. Today there is a power plant producing electricity from the geothermal steam. Only 11% of the geothermal energy source is used to produce electricity and 89% of it, which flows into

360-542: The Great Menderes, is 150˚C at source (it is contains energy equal to 35,000 to 40,000 tonnes of fuel oil). In general the Aegean region has a Mediterranean climate. Temperatures can rise to 40 °C during summer and fall to -5 °C in winter. There are about 80 days with precipitation, mainly during winter. There are traces of prehistoric cultures throughout the province, including evidence of pre-Hittite cultures and

384-572: The Menderes organized by Yörük Ali Efe and Demirci Efe, involving large numbers of volunteers from the local peasantry. Stiffened by the Turkish regular army, Greek forces were repelled, and Denizli remained in Turkish hands throughout the Greco-Turkish War . see the article on Denizli and other districts for more details.... near Denizli... and near the other districts in the province.... Denizli

408-626: The Roman province of Asia . In AD 17, during the rule of Emperor Tiberius , a major earthquake destroyed the city. Through the influence of the Christian Apostle Paul , a church was founded here while he was at Ephesus . The Christian Apostle Philip spent the last years of his life here. The town's Martyrium was alleged to have been built upon the spot where Philip was crucified in AD 80. His daughters were also said to have acted as prophetesses in

432-616: The ancient cities, they moved south to the site of the present city of Denizli, where drinking water was brought through stone pipes. The name Laodicea slowly changed into “Ladik” then since the 17th century other names were given “Tonguzlu”, ”Tonuzlu”, ”Tenguzlug”, ”Donuzlu” and finally “Denizli”. After World War I , when the Greek Army captured the city of İzmir on May 15, 1919, one of the first centres of Turkish resistance formed at an open-air meeting in Denizli . A Turkish militia formed lines on

456-524: The centre of Hierapolis . Hierapolis was founded as a thermal spa early in the 2nd century BC within the sphere of the Seleucid Empire . Antiochus the Great sent 2,000 Jewish families to Lydia and Phrygia from Babylon and Mesopotamia , later joined by more from Judea . The Jewish congregation grew in Hierapolis and has been estimated as high as 50,000 in 62 BC. Hierapolis became

480-403: The hills on the opposite side of the valley in the town of Denizli , 20 km away. This area has been drawing visitors to its thermal springs since the time of classical antiquity . The Turkish name refers to the surface of the shimmering, snow-white limestone, shaped over millennia by calcite-rich springs. Dripping slowly down the mountainside, mineral-rich waters collect in and cascade down

504-402: The mineral terraces, into pools below. It was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 along with Hierapolis. Pamukkale's terraces are made of travertine , a sedimentary rock deposited by mineral water from the hot springs. In this area, there are 17 hot springs with temperatures ranging from 35 °C (95 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F). The water that emerges from the spring

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528-403: The north, Burdur , Isparta , Afyon to the east, Aydın , Manisa to the west and Muğla to the south. It is located between the coordinates 28° 30’ and 29° 30’ E and 37° 12’ and 38° 12’ N. Its area is 12,134 km , and its population is 1,056,332 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Denizli . Approximately 28-30% of the land is plain, 25% is high plateau and tableland, and 47%

552-420: The province. 38°39′06″N 30°40′12″E  /  38.65167°N 30.67000°E  / 38.65167; 30.67000 Denizli Province Denizli Province ( Turkish : Denizli ili ) ( Turkish pronunciation: [deniz'ʎi iʎi] ) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in Western Anatolia , on high ground above the Aegean coast. Neighbouring provinces are Uşak to

576-526: The region. During the 4th century, the Christians filled Pluto's Gate (a ploutonion ) with stones, suggesting that Christianity had become the dominant religion and had begun displacing other faiths in the area. Originally a see of Phrygia Pacatiana, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian raised the bishop of Hierapolis to the rank of metropolitan in 531. The Roman baths were transformed to

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