An African Survey: A Study of Problems arising in Africa South of the Sahara , often simply known as African Survey , was a report originally published in 1938 under the auspices of The Royal Institute of International Affairs ( Chatham House ) which paved the way for the reorganisation of research into the situation of the British Empire in Sub-Saharan Africa through the Colonial Development and Welfare Act 1940 . The report was published by Oxford University Press and ran to 1,837 pages. It was subsequently republished in several revised editions.
15-550: The publication's origins arose out of a proposal by Jan Smuts in 1929 when he delivered the Rhodes Memorial Lecture at Oxford University. The missionary Joseph Oldham played a key role in getting the survey under way. John Cell has argued that reference to Jan Smuts in Lord Lothian 's foreword to the work should not be given much weight. Smuts had advocated White settlement throughout the highlands of East Africa, with
30-601: A friend of Lord Hailey sounded him out and he was soon seen as an ideal candidate for the role. Hailey formally accepted the role in July 1933 As director for the Survey, Hailey became recognised as a leading voice calling for colonial reform in the 1940s. Hailey had retired from a career in British India and whilst it was officially claimed he would bring "fresh eyes" to Britain's African territories, it has also been suggested that there
45-567: A major role in the formation of the World Council of Churches . From 1938 to 1947 he convened ‘ The Moot ’, a Christian think-tank concentrating on the problem of post-war reconstruction, at weekend residential meetings several times a year. The most regular members were John Baillie , Fred Clarke , T. S. Eliot , Eric Fenn , Herbert Arthur Hodges , Eleonora Iredale , Karl Mannheim , Walter Moberly , John Middleton Murry , Mary Oldham, Gilbert Shaw and Alec Vidler . Stefan Collini sums up
60-486: A view of creating a similar dominion to South Africa . This proposal, centred on Oxford University , lost out to other viewpoints. In 1931 Oldham got an agreement for the survey to be funded from the Carnegie Foundation , however a suitable director would have to be found. Three people declined the role, William Marris , George Schuster and Whitney Shephardson before the two year search was over. Lionel Curtis ,
75-637: The International Review of Missions in 1912, and travelled widely. At the end of World War I he was a secretary of the Emergency Committee of Cooperating Missions, chaired by John Mott . Article 438 of the Treaty of Versailles dealt with the property of German missions in territories ceded to the Allies by a mechanism of putting them in trust, and its inclusion is attributed to lobbying by Oldham. He
90-880: The Edinburgh conference, it was created to continue ecumenical efforts towards Christian mission through a series of meetings: It was in the final 1961 meetings when the IMC was integrated with the Commission on World Mission and Evangelism of the World Council of Churches , forming the Division of World Mission and Evangelism. The IMC archives are held at the World Council of Churches in Geneva . Microfiche copies can be found in various library records. At Yale University Library : At Columbia University 's Burke Library : This article about
105-686: The Oxford Conference of 1937. At the First Assembly of the World Council of Churches in 1948 Oldham contributed the important paper "A Responsible Society". In later work he was influenced by Ludwig Feuerbach , Eberhard Grisebach and Martin Buber . His book Life is Commitment (1959) is based upon a course of lectures given to the London School of Religion. International Missionary Council The International Missionary Council ( IMC )
120-410: The determinism of Stoddard and Grant , both of whom are cited, on scientific, economic, and ethical grounds". His proposed solutions, however, have been criticised as vague. At the time of publication it was reviewed positively by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje . Oldham was a principal leader in organizing and writing and editing material for the "Conference on Church, Community, and State", known as
135-897: The discussions as bearing "in one way or another, on the issue of cultural leadership in a modern society". Oldham also edited the Christian News-Letter (taken over by Kathleen Bliss ), for the Council of the Churches on the Christian Faith and the Common Life. It published some papers derived from the Moot. His book Christianity and the Race Problem (1924), against scientific racism , has been called "a sophisticated attempt to develop an alternative Christian analysis of racial relations by attacking
150-429: The project, but ended up serving more as an executive manager of the endeavor. Hailey was ill from 1937-8, and much of the work was taken up by Frederick Pedler who took over editorial responsibility during this period. One of the key points made by the report was that rather than have research develop as a piece-meal response to specific problems, it should be integrated into an overall plan with suitable funding from
165-645: The treasury. The report became a regular item to be found on administrators’ desks across colonial British Africa. Joseph Oldham Joseph Houldsworth Oldham CBE (1874–1969), known as J. H. or Joe, was a Scottish missionary in India, who became a significant figure in Christian ecumenism , though never ordained in the United Free Church as he had wished. J.H. Oldham was the son of George Wingate Oldham (1807-1859) and Eliza 'Lillah' née Houldsworth (1845-?). He
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#1732847908723180-466: Was a hope that a similar method of controlling separate African territories could be established as had been done in India. He was aided by Lucy Mair and Audrey Richards , both anthropology students of Bronisław Malinowski , who were seconded to the Colonial Office ; E. B. Worthington, a Cambridge biologist who assisted with a scientific survey; and Hilda Matheson , who was hired as a secretary to
195-594: Was an ecumenical Protestant Christian missionary organization established in 1921, which in 1961, merged with the World Council of Churches (WCC), becoming the WCC's Division of World Mission and Evangelism. A continuation committee was established following the 1910 World Missionary Conference held in Edinburgh, which culminated in the creation of the International Missionary Council in 1921 in London. Like
210-656: Was born in India and brought up in Bombay until age 7, when his family returned to Scotland, living in Crieff and Edinburgh before matriculating as a student at Trinity College, Oxford . Joseph then went to Lahore in 1897, a missionary for the Scottish YMCA , there marrying in 1898 Mary Anna Gibson Fraser (1875-1965), daughter of Andrew Fraser and Agnes Whitehead née Archibald (1847-1877). He and Mary both suffered with typhoid , and returned to Scotland in 1901. He became editor of
225-606: Was secretary of the International Missionary Council from its setting up in London in 1921 to 1938, an organisation having its roots in the 1910 World Missionary Conference in which he was heavily involved, and which he helped found and make effective (with Mott, William Paton and Abbe Livingston Warnshuis ). He promoted the 1926 founding of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures by his efforts to gather funding. He then played
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