Misplaced Pages

Nassau Inter-County Express

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
#749250

128-557: The Nassau Inter-County Express ( NICE ) is the local bus system serving Nassau County, New York . It also serves parts of western Suffolk County, New York as well as eastern portions of the New York City borough of Queens . It was formerly operated under the name of MTA Long Island Bus (the public name of the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority ) – a division of MTA Regional Bus Operations . The MTA took over

256-419: A $ 6 million operating deficit. However, on December 11, 2014, Nassau County executive Ed Mangano proposed cutting $ 4 million from Nassau County's NICE bus contribution, in addition to cuts to numerous other Nassau County services, to replace the $ 30 million that would be lost after the shutdown of Nassau County's controversial school speed zone cameras. On January 17, 2016, NICE eliminated fifteen routes due to

384-415: A 2007 estimate. Males had a median income of $ 52,340 versus $ 37,446 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 32,151. About 3.50% of families and 5.20% of the population were below the poverty line , including 5.80% of those under age 18 and 5.60% of those age 65 or over. The population density in 2010 was 4,700 people per square mile (1,800 people/km ). In 2000, the population density

512-557: A 42-week training course at the Nassau County Police Academy. Qualified officers are offered Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) training. Auxiliary Police officers are certified and registered by the New York Division of Criminal Justice Services as full-time "peace officers". The City of Long Beach has an independent auxiliary police force which is part of its municipal police force. These officers are represented by

640-462: A Mineola postal address, but are within the present day Village of Garden City , which did not incorporate, nor set its boundaries, until 1919. In 1917, the hamlet of Glen Cove was granted a city charter, making it independent from the Town of Oyster Bay. In 1918, the village of Long Beach was incorporated in the Town of Hempstead. In 1922, it became a city, making it independent of the town. These are

768-450: A budget deficit and low ridership and restructured three other routes. On June 27, 2016, NICE restored service on two routes (n80/81) and restored two others (n14, n17) as shuttles. On September 6, 2016, NICE restored service on one route (n51) and restored three others (original n2, n62, n73) as shuttles. In December 2016, NICE announced a $ 12 million budget shortfall for FY2017 and warned of additional service cuts. These cuts were proposed to

896-481: A bus transit center opened at the Great Neck LIRR station to allow the creation of a system of buses timed to arrive at the stations at the same time, permitting short transfers to many other bus routes, and to enable short connections to LIRR trains. Buses would run to Great Neck every 30 or 60 minutes outside rush hour, when some routes would run more frequently. One windy route was split into two more direct routes,

1024-610: A climate similar to other coastal areas of the Northeastern United States ; it has warm, humid summers and cool, wet winters. The county's climate is classified as humid subtropical ( Cfa ) according to the Köppen climate classification . According to the Trewartha climate classification the climate is oceanic ( Do ) since six to seven months average above 50″F (10″C). The Atlantic Ocean helps bring afternoon sea breezes that temper

1152-509: A deficit, despite high ridership, and was used by a large number of residents of Suffolk County Suffolk County Executive Klein met with directors of four bus companies in the county to take over this route section. Three Saturday-only bus routes (N7, N72, N74) and two weekday-only routes (N20, N67), along with special event buses from Queens and Nassau to the Nassau County Coliseum would be discontinued. The N52 and N52B would terminate at

1280-526: A designated police department , fire commission , and elected executive and legislative bodies. A 2012 Forbes article based on the American Community Survey reported Nassau County as the most expensive county and one of the highest income counties in the U.S., and the most affluent in New York state, with four of the nation's top ten towns by median income located in the county. As of 2024,

1408-437: A fare increase of about 30 percent, or 10 cents a zone for the first two fare zones, to take effect on July 3, 1973. The one-zone fare would go from 35 to 45 cents, and the two-zone fare would go from 50 to 60 cents, while three-zone trips would stay at 75 cents. The increase would replace state and county subsidies that were in place for the previous 18 months. The county was providing $ 256,000 for six months through June 30, while

SECTION 10

#1732858897750

1536-604: A half-fare program for the elderly during certain weekday hours and on weekends following county ownership. In October 1974, the MSBA said it started a comprehensive study on how to improve bus service in the county. It was funded by a $ 108,000 grant from the MTA, and a $ 212,000 grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). The same month, the first 15 of 50 new buses were placed into service. Service

1664-881: A jitney to and from the Central Islip LIRR station. In December 2002, ridership on the Merrick Shuttle was about 50 a day. In 2003, Long Island Bus improved service to Hempstead using Federal funding available through the Job Access Reverse Commute (JARC) program from the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century . LI Bus created the N8 and N43 routes, and added Sunday service on the N27. In 2007, Long Island Bus averaged over 109,000 weekday riders, many of which include customers connecting to other MTA services in

1792-606: A new N50 route would be created, providing new weekday service between Bellmore and Hicksville via Bellmore Avenue, North Jerusalem Road and Newbridge Road, a new N70 route would be created to run on weekdays between Hempstead and Farmingdale via Hempstead Turnpike, Melville Road, Smith Street, and Pinelawn Road, serving the Route 110 corridor and SUNY-Farmingdale , the N72 would be improved, the N72C and N72G loop routes would be discontinued and replaced by

1920-465: A new paint scheme to reflect the change. On December 12, 2011, the county legislature unanimously approved the Veolia contract, which was subsequently approved by the state-controlled Nassau County Interim Finance Authority on December 22, 2011. Veolia took over operations on January 1, 2012. The Veolia plan was the subject of heated county public hearings in which Long Island Bus riders and employees criticized

2048-516: A part of Queens County but not part of the Borough of Queens. As part of the city consolidation plan, all town, village, and city (other than NYC) governments within the borough were dissolved, as well as the county government with its seat in Jamaica. The areas excluded from the consolidation included all of the Town of North Hempstead, all of the Town of Oyster Bay, and most of the Town of Hempstead (excluding

2176-512: A pilot basis at Massapequa Park, Freeport, Little Neck, Great Neck, and Rockville Centre since fall of 1975. The fare structure would also include a lower 35 cent fare for short trips, such as between Point Lookout and Long Beach, and on short loops to the Massapequa Park, Freeport, Rockville Centre, and Great Neck LIRR stations. On May 17, 1976, a spokesperson for the MTA said the new fare structure would take effect on May 30. In September 1976,

2304-501: A private contractor; the planned county contribution was later decreased to $ 2.5 million/year. By March 2011, the MTA—citing Nassau's refusal to pay its contracted amount—proposed a set of major service reductions which would have eliminated 27 of its 48 routes and affected about 15 percent of its ridership, with the greatest impact on southeastern Nassau County, eliminating all routes operating south of Hempstead Turnpike and east of

2432-534: A service connecting Nassau County to JFK Airport (the N91, now discontinued). The system's name was also changed from Metropolitan Suburban Transportation Authority to MTA Long Island Bus in 1994. On April 30, 1994, the MSBA started a new shuttle bus between Woodbury and Hicksville station in coordination with the LIRR. Buses would make four rush hour round trips to Gateways Commercial Park and Crossways Commercial Park, and run from

2560-569: A short section of one route was discontinued, routes were rerouted, and one bus was renumbered. The N21 was rerouted to detour from Northern Boulevard to serve the station, N21 trips that begin in Roslyn would be renumbered the N20 and be extended from Old Northern Boulevard and Mineola Avenue to Roslyn station via Mineola Avenue and Warner Avenue. The N20 would operate hourly on weekdays, with more frequent service during rush hours. Other buses would be rerouted, and

2688-449: A storage garage for retired NICE buses; the future of this depot is unknown at this time. All fixed-route NICE buses are ADA compliant and semi low-floor . All buses are also equipped with "smart bus" technology from Woodbury -based Clever Devices, which includes automated onboard route and stop announcements. However, Nassau Inter-County Express has recently hired Clever Devices again to replace its original "smart bus" system in most of

SECTION 20

#1732858897750

2816-584: A third railroad track to the Long Island Rail Road corridor between the communities of Floral Park and Hicksville in Nassau County. The nearly US$ 2 billion transportation infrastructure enhancement project was expected to accommodate anticipated growth in rail ridership and facilitate commutes between New York City and Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island. The Long Island Expressway , Northern State Parkway , and Southern State Parkway are

2944-487: A unit of the Nassau County Police Department . These volunteer police officers are assigned to 1 of 38 local community units and perform routine patrols of the neighborhood. They provide traffic control for local parades, races and other community events. Auxiliary Police officers are empowered to make arrests for crimes that occur in their presence. Nassau County Auxiliary Police are required to complete

3072-464: A village in 1906 and set its boundaries almost entirely within the Town of North Hempstead), winning out over Hicksville and Hempstead. The Garden City Company (founded in 1893 by the heirs of Alexander Turney Stewart ) donated four acres of land for the county buildings in the Town of Hempstead, just south of the Mineola train station and the present day village of Mineola. The land and the buildings have

3200-523: Is Bruce Blakeman , a Republican who was elected in 2021. The chief deputy county executive is Republican Arthur Walsh. The district attorney is Republican Anne T. Donnelly, who was elected in 2021, replacing Acting District Attorney Joyce Smith. Smith succeeded Madeline Singas after she was nominated and confirmed as an associate judge on the New York Court of Appeals in June 2021. The county comptroller

3328-610: Is Elaine Phillips , a Republican who formerly served in the New York State Senate . The county clerk is Republican Maureen O'Connell . Former elected offices chairman of the County Board of Assessors, county treasurer, and county sheriff were made appointed and serve at the pleasure of the county executive (county assessor in 2008 via referendum, changing it from a six-year term to appointed). Federal Transit Administration Too Many Requests If you report this error to

3456-476: Is divided into two cities and three towns, the latter of which contain 64 villages and numerous hamlets. The county borders Connecticut across the Long Island Sound. Between the 1990 U.S. census and the 2000 U.S. census , the Nassau County exchanged territory with Suffolk County and lost territory to Queens County. Dozens of CDPs had boundaries changed, and 12 new CDPs were listed. Nassau County has

3584-519: Is located at 947 Stewart Avenue – also in the East Garden City section of Uniondale. All Able-Ride Nassau County shared-ride ADA paratransit service is dispatched from this garage. The Rockville Centre Bus Depot is located at 50 Banks Avenue in Rockville Centre . This garage was originally the home of Bee Line, Inc, and was closed in 2017 as part of a cost-cutting move. It is currently used as

3712-627: Is not a village department but is authorized by a special district, the only such district in the State of New York. These smaller forces make use of such specialized county police services as the police academy and the aviation unit. All homicides in the county are investigated by the county police, regardless of whether or not they occur within the police district. In June 2011, the Muttontown Police Department commenced operations. The Old Brookville Police had formerly provided police services to

3840-462: Is provided by Long Beach Bus . Nassau County, New York Nassau County ( / ˈ n æ s ɔː / NASS -aw ) is a suburban county located on Long Island , immediately to the east of New York City , bordering the Long Island Sound on the north and the open Atlantic Ocean to the south. As of the 2020 United States census , Nassau County's population was 1,395,774, making it

3968-509: Is the most densely populated and second-most populous county in the State of New York outside of New York City, with which it maintains extensive rail and highway connectivity, and is considered one of the central counties within the New York metropolitan area . Nassau County comprises two cities , three towns , 64 incorporated villages , and more than 60 unincorporated hamlets . Nassau County has

Nassau Inter-County Express - Misplaced Pages Continue

4096-445: The 2000 United States census , there were 1,334,544 people, 447,387 households, and 347,172 families residing in the county. In 2010, there were 340,523 family households. 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 60.0% were married couples living together. 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present. 24.1% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals. 15.1% had someone living alone who

4224-600: The 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup were played at the cricket stadium in East Meadow in June 2024. The name of Nassau County originated from an old name for Long Island , which was at one time named Nassau , after the Dutch family of King William III of England , the House of Nassau , itself named after the German town of Nassau . The county colors (orange and blue) are also the colors of

4352-651: The Apollo Lunar Module to the Space program. The United Nations Security Council was temporarily located in Nassau County, from 1946 till 1951. Council meetings were held at the Sperry Gyroscope headquarters in the village of Lake Success , near the border with Queens County. It was here that on June 27, 1950, the Security Council voted to back U.S. President Harry S Truman and send a coalition of forces to

4480-410: The House of Orange-Nassau . Several alternate names had been considered for the county, including "Bryant", " Matinecock " (a village within the county currently has that name), "Norfolk" (presumably because of the proximity to Suffolk County), and "Sagamore". However, "Nassau" had the historical advantage of having at one time been the name of Long Island itself, and was the name most mentioned after

4608-593: The Korean Peninsula , leading to the Korean War . Until World War II, most of Nassau County was still farmland, particularly in the eastern portion. Following the war, the county saw an influx of people from the five boroughs of New York City , especially from Brooklyn and Queens, who left their urban dwellings for a more suburban setting. This led to a massive population boom in the county. In 1947, William Levitt built his first planned community in Nassau County, in

4736-741: The New York State Park Police . In 1996, the Long Island Rail Road Police Department was consolidated into the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police . The MTA Police patrol Long Island Rail Road tracks, stations and properties. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Police provides enforcement of state environmental laws and regulations. The State University of New York Police provides enforcement for SUNY Old Westbury . The Nassau County Police Department posts

4864-655: The Old Westbury campus of New York Institute of Technology ; Zucker School of Medicine in the Village of Hempstead ; and the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research in Manhasset , are prominent life sciences research and academic institutions in Nassau County. The presence of numerous prominent health care systems has made Nassau County a central hub for advanced medical care and technology. Eight cricket matches of

4992-616: The Rockaway Peninsula , which was separated from the Town of Hempstead and became part of the city borough). In 1899, following approval from the New York State Legislature , the three towns were separated from Queens County, and the new county of Nassau was constituted. In preparation for the new county, in November 1898, voters had selected Mineola to become the county seat for the new county (before Mineola incorporated as

5120-465: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 453.2 square miles (1,174 km ), of which 284.7 square miles (737 km ) is land and 168.5 square miles (436 km ) (37%) is water. Nassau County borders the Long Island Sound on the north and the open Atlantic Ocean on the south. The county occupies a portion of Long Island immediately east of the New York City borough of Queens. It

5248-422: The 2010 census. At the 2010 U.S. census , there were 1,339,532 people, 448,528 households, and 340,523 families residing in the county. The population of Nassau County was estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau to have increased by 2.2% to 1,369,514 in 2017, representing 6.9% of the census-estimated State of New York population of 19,849,399 and 17.4% of the census-estimated Long Island population of 7,869,820. At

Nassau Inter-County Express - Misplaced Pages Continue

5376-599: The 450 bus operators to be laid off. On August 27, 1980, the MSBA held a public hearing on proposed changes to bus service. These included the extension of N22 Sunday service from Roosevelt Field to Mid-Island Plaza to match Monday to Saturday service, and the creation of the N51 route, which would operate between Merrick and Roosevelt Field via Nassau Community College and Merrick Avenue. Service would run every 60 minutes, and would operate between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m. on weekdays, and between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. on Saturday. On December 17, 1980,

5504-641: The Amalgamated Transit Union and the United Transportation Union following discussions in Washington that would allow the county and the MSBA to modify, eliminate, or add new bus routes, consolidate bus garages, and assign personnel to those routes and garages without needing to take into consideration the union or geographical areas the workers belong to. It would cost the county approximately $ 29 million over five years to purchase and operate

5632-534: The Auxiliary Police Benevolent Association of Long Island. Nassau County is currently protected and served by 71 independent volunteer or combination paid/volunteer fire departments, organized into 9 battalions. The Nassau County Fire Commission also provides logistical support to all 71 departments. The head of the county's governmental structure is the county executive, a post created in Nassau County in 1938. The current county executive

5760-532: The English Province of New York within the Shire of York . Present-day Queens and Nassau were then just part of a larger North Riding. In 1683, the colonial territory of Yorkshire was dissolved, Suffolk County and Queens County were established, and the local seat of government was moved west from Hempstead to Jamaica (now in New York City ). By 1700, virtually none of Long Island's area remained unpurchased from

5888-577: The Gold Coast was President Theodore Roosevelt , at Sagamore Hill . In 1908, William Kissam Vanderbilt constructed the Long Island Motor Parkway as a toll road through Nassau County. With overpasses and bridges to remove intersections, it was among the first limited access motor highways in the world, and was also used as a racecourse to test the capabilities of the fledgling automobile industry. Nassau County, with its extensive flat land,

6016-652: The Great Neck LIRR station, with the remainder of the JB57 eliminated, the Queens portion of the JB22 route from Jamaica via Jamaica Estates, Fresh Meadows, and Glen Oaks would be discontinued, the JB24 from Jamaica via Jericho Turnpike would be combined with a portion of the JB51, and he JB39 from Hicksville via Newbridge Road would be renumbered JB50. In addition, fares on the buses to Jones Beach (other than

6144-686: The Hempstead bus terminal instead of running along Fulton Avenue or Broad Street in West Hempstead, and the N79 would be rerouted between the Walt Whitman Shopping Center and Mineola. N79 bus service would no longer run along Broadway to Old Country Road and Round Swamp Road, but would continue along Plainview Road to Old Country Road and Manetto Hill Road. Some late night and early morning trips on routes were also discontinued, as were some trips during

6272-502: The Island Trees section (later renamed Levittown ; this should not be confused with the county's first planned community, which in general is Garden City ). In the 1930s, Robert Moses had engineered curving parkways and parks such as Jones Beach State Park and Bethpage State Park for the enjoyment of city-dwellers; in the 1950s and 1960s the focus turned to alleviating commuter traffic. In 1994, Federal Judge Arthur Spatt declared

6400-666: The JB21 would be discontinued, and the JB80, JB73, and JB50 would be consolidated into a new JB50 route from Mid-Island Plaza in Hicksville. On June 17, 1985, the MSBA began a pilot route, the N28, between Roslyn and the Roslyn North Industrial Park. The route would operate every 30 minutes on weekdays between 6:50 and 9:20 a.m. and between 3:35 and 6:05 p.m. The route was created after a request

6528-565: The MSBA held a public hearing on proposed changes to bus service. These included the start of Sunday bus service on the N71, the extension of N39 Sunday service from Nassau County Medical Center to Mid-Island Plaza to match Monday to Saturday service, and the creation of the N55, which would mainly replace the N52. The N52 ran between Hempstead and Seaford via Jerusalem Avenue, while the N55 would run between Hempstead and

SECTION 50

#1732858897750

6656-599: The MTA would conduct a thorough study of Nassau's bus transportation needs, focusing on cross-county routes, and routes that feed Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) stations. On August 20, 1971, Caso announced an agreement with the MTA to seek $ 500,000 from the state's supplemental budget to push off Stage Coach Lines' planned abandonment of its four routes, primarily to the Mid-Island Shopping Plaza that were set to begin that weekend. Schenck also planned to make cuts in evening and weekend service on September 1, 1971. Under

6784-662: The Meadowbrook State Parkway (except for the N71). Service would have been eliminated entirely on the N1, N2, N8, N14, N19, N31, N33, N36, N45, N46, N47, N50, N51, N54, N55, N57, N58, N62, N72, N74, N78, N79, N80, and N81, on Saturday on the N16, and on Sunday on the N25. In addition, Able-Ride paratransit service along the fixed route services would be discontinued. A public hearing was held on March 23 on

6912-501: The Mid-Island Plaza and provide a new north-south route with connections to the LIRR at both Bellmore and Hicksville. The N72B would be extended to the Sunrise Mall via South Farmingdale and be relabeled as the N71. Buses would run every hour between 8 a.m. and 10 p.m. on weekdays and Saturdays. The N71 would take a more direct route to Farmingdale than the N72B, by operating via Hempstead Turnpike, instead of operating through North Levittown and Bethpage, saving up to ten minutes. In addition,

7040-410: The N1 and N25 routes, weekday N23 service began running every 30 minutes instead of every 60 minutes, the N36 was truncated from Hempstead to Lynbrook, and the N31 and N32 were extended from Lynbrook to Hempstead. The MSBA held a public hearing on May 4, 1982 on several proposed changes to bus service. The N39D would be renumbered the N48, the N39C would be renumbered the N49, the N38 would be renumbered

7168-469: The N20 route was extended from Roslyn to Hicksville to serve the New York Institute of Technology , the New York Chiropractic College , C. W. Post College Center, and SUNY-Old Westbury . Buses would no longer stop at Roslyn station. Buses would arrive at the schools 15 minutes before classes and depart 10 to 30 minutes after they end. In addition, new weekend service would begin on the Hempstead to Sunrise Mall route. On January 3, 1982, Sunday service began on

7296-427: The N47, the N42 would be discontinued, a new N46 route would be created between Hempstead, the N27 would be rerouted during rush hours from Clinton Road and Stewart Avenue via Westbury Boulevard, Oak Street, Commercial Avenue, and Quentin Roosevelt Boulevard, weekday and Saturday N37 service would be extended from Atlantic Avenue and Grand Avenue to Baldwin Harbor Junior High School via Atlantic Avenue and Grand Boulevard,

7424-499: The N51 was slightly rerouted to serve Nassau Community College and Hoftra University, and peak service was increased on busy routes, including the N4, N6, N15, N40, and N41. Due to low ridership, Saturday service on the N56, N57, N72C, and N72G would be discontinued. The MTA Board, on June 9, 1978, voted to seek a $ 605,000 grant from the UMTA to create four new bus transfer centers at the Mineola, Lynbrook, Rockville Centre, and Freeport LIRR stations. The county would contribute $ 108,000 to

7552-424: The N70, N71, N72,and N73. A new N74 route would be created, running between Wantagh and Hicksville on weekdays via Wantagh Avenue, Hempstead Turnpike, and Jerusalem Avenue. Changes would also be made to summer Jones Beach bus service. The JB53 route from Farmingdale would be discontinued due to low ridership, the JB21 route from Flushing would be combined with a portion of the JB57 route from Great Neck by running via

7680-443: The N77 would become the N27. The N20, N21, N25, N56, N57, N58, and N59 would start to serve the station starting September 13, 1976. On September 4, 1977, major changes were made to three bus routes. Service on the N79 would be extended to the Plainview County Complex, and would be doubled to operate every 30 minutes instead of every 60 minutes. The N82 would be extended through Hicksville to Jericho Turnpike and North Broadway to serve

7808-480: The Nassau County Board of Supervisors unconstitutional and directed that a 19-member legislature be formed. Republicans won 13 seats in the election and chose Bruce Blakeman as the first Presiding Officer (Speaker). According to a Forbes magazine 2012 survey, residents of Nassau County have the 12th highest median household annual income in the country and the highest in the state. In the 1990s, however, Nassau County experienced substantial budget problems, forcing

SECTION 60

#1732858897750

7936-574: The Nassau County bus system that the other New York City suburban county bus systems did not receive. The county's contribution was $ 9.1 million per year out of a total budget of $ 133.1 million, and the MTA wanted this contribution to increase to $ 26 million. Critics noted that Westchester County subsidized its similarly sized Bee-Line Bus System service by $ 33 million/year, and that Suffolk subsidized its substantially smaller Suffolk County Transit system by $ 24 million/year. The county hoped to reduce its contribution from $ 9.1 million to $ 4.1 million by using

8064-456: The Native Americans by the English colonists, and townships controlled whatever land had not already been distributed. The courthouse in Jamaica was torn down by the British during the American Revolution to use the materials to build barracks. In 1784, following the American Revolutionary War , the Town of Hempstead was split in two, when Patriots in the northern part formed the new Town of North Hempstead , leaving Loyalist majorities in

8192-451: The Old Brookville Police Department. The Village of Upper Brookville joined the Muttontown Police Department which was subsequently renamed the Muttontown-Upper Brookville (MUB) Police Department. The former Old Brookville Police headquarters is now the Upper Brookville village hall and also a substation for the Muttontown-Upper Brookville Police Department. In 2006, village leaders in the county seat of Mineola expressed dissatisfaction with

8320-421: The PSC had denied their requests to increase fares from 20 to 35 cents. On April 13, 1971, the president of Hempstead Bus sent a letter to Nassau County Executive Ralph G. Caso saying that it might have to significantly reduce service, noting increasing costs for materials and labor, competition from cars, and the high interest rates needed to finance the 20 new buses it placed into service in August 1970. One of

8448-410: The Sunrise Mall via Jerusalem Avenue, Broadway, and Sunrise Highway. In March 1981, officials from Nassau County announced that a new bus depot would be constructed at Mitchel Field for $ 23.5 million. Construction was set to start in 1983 if the plan got approved that month. The maintenance shops at Uniondale and Amityville would close after the new facility was completed in 1984. On September 6, 1981,

8576-407: The Town of Hempstead. About 1787, a new Queens County Courthouse was erected (and later completed) in the new Town of North Hempstead, near present-day Mineola (now in Nassau County), known then as Clowesville. The Long Island Rail Road reached as far east as Hicksville in 1837, but did not proceed to Farmingdale until 1841 due to the Panic of 1837 . The 1850 census was the first in which

8704-407: The Transit Advisory Committee, but failed to pass. A more severe set of cuts was passed in February, eliminating ten routes and reducing service on four routes. Many of these routes were the ones restored in 2016. Additional last-minute state funding allowed service on three routes to be saved. The cuts took effect on April 9, 2017. In July 2018, a multi-year plan to restructure and improve service on

8832-726: The United States. County police services are provided by the Nassau County Police Department . The cities of Glen Cove and Long Beach , as well as a number of villages, are not members of the county police district and maintain their own police forces. The following village police departments exist in Nassau County: Brookville (Brookville P.D. provides police protection for Brookville, Matinecock, Mill Neck and Cove Neck), Centre Island, Floral Park, Freeport, Garden City, Great Neck Estates, Hempstead, Kensington, Kings Point, Lake Success, Lynbrook, Malverne, Muttontown-Upper Brookville, Old Brookville, Old Westbury, Oyster Bay Cove, Rockville Centre and Sands Point. The Port Washington Police District

8960-469: The Village of Muttontown. On June 1, 2022, the Old Brookville Police Department reverted to serving only the Village of Old Brookville and moved its headquarters to the grounds of the Old Brookville village hall. The Village of Brookville formed a new police department, established headquarters on the grounds of the Brookville Nature Park and assumed policing duties for the villages of Brookville, Matinecock, Mill Neck and Cove Neck, that were formerly served by

9088-706: The agency. The county was expected to pay $ 14 million to the companies in condemnation proceedings, with $ 9 million from Federal funds. During the first week of April 1973, Nassau County took over operation of four of the ten private bus companies (Bee Line, Rockville Centre Bus, Utility Lines, Stage Coach). This had been set to take place the previous week, but was postponed due to legal technicalities. The other six companies (Roosevelt Bus Line, Schenck Transportation, Branch Bus Corporation, Jerusalem Avenue Bus Line, Universal Auto Bus, Hempstead Bus Corporation) were expected to be taken over later in April. In March 1973, County Executive Caso said that an agreement had been reached with

9216-644: The agreement, it would not make those cuts, and would take over Stage Coach's routes. In his State of the County speech on February 7, 1972, Caso recommended having the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) take over the operations of some of the county's bus companies, and said a formal request to the MTA for a takeover would be made within 90 days. In April 1972, Schenck filed with the New York State Department of Transportation for

9344-506: The bus system expected an additional $ 1.2 million in state aid. On October 31, 2014, the Nassau County Legislature adopted a 2015 budget that would increase Nassau County's contribution to NICE bus from $ 2.6 million to $ 4.6 million in 2015 and promised not to raise fares outside of MetroCard fare increases. This new $ 4.6 million contribution was hailed as a victory for Nassau County bus riders, although it still left NICE bus with

9472-567: The companies for their capital assets. The county would lease its buses to the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority (MSBA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The federal government would pay $ 9 million, which was about two-thirds of the capital cost. 18 new buses were ordered for $ 40,000 each. The MSBA started operating the system in June 1973. Of the 298 vehicles acquired, 50 required major repairs, and 24 were unusable. Nassau County implemented

9600-412: The county or the MTA. The takeover would be completed-either through condemnation or negotiated purchases-by the first quarter of 1973. After resisting for several years, Caso decided to push for public operation after the operators of the bus companies asked the county to continue and increase the subsidies they had been provided by the county for the previous six months to maintain service. Nassau had paid

9728-399: The county to near bankruptcy . Thus, the county government increased taxes to prevent a takeover by the state of New York, leading to the county having high property taxes . Nevertheless, on January 27, 2011, a State of New York oversight board seized control of Nassau County's finances, saying the wealthy and heavily taxed county had failed to balance its $ 2.6 billion budgets. According to

9856-545: The county to takeover operation of 17 private bus companies serving it. County operation was last considered in 1963. On August 22, 1970, the New York State Public Service Commission (PSC) authorized Hempstead Bus Corporation, Schenck Transportation, Rockville Centre Bus Company, and Stage Coach Lines to take over the routes operated by Semke Bus Lines and Mid Island Transit effective August 24. Those two companies had ended operations on August 14 after

9984-500: The day. The need for cuts was announced by the MSBA on November 14, 1974. The executive assistant to the head of the MSBA had said that the cut in the N19 could have been averted if Suffolk was willing to give the agency $ 250,000. A public hearing was held on March 24, 1976, on the MTA's proposed simplified fare structure, which would replace the system of zone fares that was in place before the MSBA takeover. Fares consisted of 25 to 40 cents for

10112-641: The division of Queens County, after the western portion of Queens had become a borough of New York City in 1898, as the three easternmost towns seceded from the county. When the first European settlers arrived, among the Native Americans to occupy the present area of Nassau County were the Marsapeque, Matinecoc, and Sacatogue . Dutch settlers in New Netherland predominated in the western portion of Long Island, while English settlers from Connecticut occupied

10240-469: The eastern portion. Until 1664, Long Island was split, roughly at the present border between Nassau and Suffolk counties, between the Dutch in the west and Connecticut claiming the east. The Dutch did grant an English settlement in Hempstead (now in western Nassau), but drove settlers from the present-day eastern Nassau hamlet of Oyster Bay as part of a boundary dispute. In 1664, all of Long Island became part of

10368-476: The elimination of weekend service and decreased midday service on seven routes. These cuts were criticized as occurring too soon, only six weeks after starting service. In 2013, the NICE bus system obtained a "windfall" from increased New York State aid of $ 5 million and $ 3 million from a fare increase for MetroCard bus riders. In March 2014, the NICE bus system faced another $ 3.3 million budget deficit. At that time,

10496-409: The end of 2011. Mangano then announced that he had retained Veolia Transport to operate the system beginning in 2012 through a public-private partnership, pending legislative approval. In November 2011, Veolia and Mangano announced that the service was going to be renamed Nassau Inter-County Express (or NICE), upon Veolia's takeover of the system. All buses, including Able-Ride vehicles, would receive

10624-655: The first zone and a charge of 5 to 20 cents for each additional zone, and zones covered areas with distances anywhere between 1 and 10 miles apart. The MTA's proposal would have a flat fare of 50 cents for buses in Nassau, and 75 cents between Nassau and Suffolk. Fares from Queens would be 50 cents to the Nassau County line, 65 cents to Great Neck, Franklin Square, Lynbrook, Elmont, New Hyde Park, Valley Stream, and most of Roslyn and Mineola, and 75 cents to points further east. There would be free transfers in Nassau for up to two trips on buses in

10752-746: The fleet with new on-board units and software that use GPS data to calculate the next stop announcements instead of odometer-based data with the older system. The new system will also provide maintenance with vehicle diagnostics data and provide customers and dispatchers alike with real-time bus location data accessible online (akin to MTA Bus Time ). NICE Bus has a new RFP order for Gillig Advantage BRT Plus CNG buses, which are expected to be exercised and to replace all 2012 Orion VII EPA10 CNG buses by early 2025. Additionally, more electric buses are pending for arrival by 2026. All NICE Paratransit buses are 26 ft (7.9 m) long and use diesel fuel. NICE runs fixed-route service on 41 routes, plus three shuttles , servicing

10880-501: The following restrictions: The full-fare fare is $ 2.90, the senior and disabled fare is $ 1.45, and the children's fare is $ 2.25. Children under 44 inches ride for free. A single-ride GoMobile Ticket is $ 3.25. 20-trip packages are available for regular and senior and disabled fares, with one free ticket provided. Student fares are free and student passes are issued to students on request by their school system. These passes are only valid for travel in Nassau County on Mondays to Fridays during

11008-406: The heat in the warmer months and limit the frequency and severity of thunderstorms. Nassau County has a moderately sunny climate, averaging between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The hardiness zone is 7b. [1] Nassau County borders the following counties: In July 2017, the approval was granted by state legislators to the plan proposed by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo to add

11136-544: The leading suburban destination in the U.S. for Chinese immigrants . Likewise, the Long Island Koreatown originated in Flushing , Queens, and is expanding eastward along Northern Boulevard and into Nassau County. The New York Times cited a 2002 study by the non-profit group ERASE Racism, which determined that Nassau, and its neighboring county, Suffolk, as the most de facto racially segregated suburbs in

11264-626: The level of police coverage provided by the county force and actively explored seceding from the police district and having the village form its own police force. A referendum in December 2006 decisively defeated the proposal. Since the Long Island State Parkway Police was disbanded in 1980, all of Nassau County's state parkways have been patrolled by Troop L of the New York State Police . State parks in Nassau are patrolled by

11392-475: The major north–south controlled-access highways traversing Nassau County. Nassau County also has a public bus network known as NICE (Nassau Inter-County Express, formerly MTA Long Island Bus) that operates routes throughout the county into Queens and Suffolk counties. 24 hour service is provided on the n4, n6, and most recently the n40/41 lines. At the 2019 American Community Survey , the population of Nassau County stood at 1,356,924, an increase of 17,392 since

11520-563: The median home price overall in Nassau County is approximately US$ 800,000, while the Gold Coast of Nassau County features some of the world's most expensive real estate. Nassau County high school students often feature prominently as winners of the International Science and Engineering Fair and similar STEM -based academic awards. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the Town of Oyster Bay ;

11648-568: The more established Little India enclaves in Queens. Rapidly growing Chinatowns have developed in Brooklyn and Queens , as did earlier European immigrants, such as the Irish and Italians. As of 2019, the Asian population in Nassau County had grown by 39% since 2010, to an estimated 145,191 individuals. There were approximately 50,000 Indian Americans and 40,000 Chinese Americans . Nassau County has become

11776-591: The mug shots of DWI offenders as press releases on their website. This practice has come under the scrutiny of residents, media, and those pictured in these press releases. This practice has been criticized as being able to cost potential employees, students, or public figures their positions. County correctional services and enforcement of court orders are provided by the Nassau County Sheriff's Department . New York State Court Officers provide security for courthouses . The Nassau County Auxiliary Police are

11904-402: The n1, n4, n4X, n6, n6X, n22, n22X, n24 & n26) and Flushing, Queens (being the n20G and n20X) operate closed-door service in Queens (that is, local service is not provided solely for travel within Queens; appropriate MTA bus services must be used instead). There are two exceptions to this: the n24, where one side of Jericho Turnpike/Jamaica Avenue is in New York City, but the other side of

12032-414: The new county was proposed in 1875. The area now designated as Nassau County was originally the eastern 70% of Queens County , one of the original twelve counties formed in 1683, and was then contained within two towns: Hempstead and Oyster Bay . In 1784, the Town of North Hempstead, was formed through secession by the northern portions of the Town of Hempstead. Nassau County was formed in 1899 by

12160-522: The only two administrative divisions in Nassau County identified as cities. From the early 1900s until the Depression and the early 1930s, many hilly farmlands on the North Shore were transformed into luxurious country estates for wealthy New Yorkers, with the area receiving the "Gold Coast" moniker and becoming the setting of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's 1925 novel The Great Gatsby . One summer resident of

12288-499: The operation of county buses in 1973 from ten private bus companies. In 2011, the owner, Nassau County, decided to outsource the system to a private operator, Veolia Transport , due to a funding dispute with the MTA . On February 20, 1967, at the request of Nassau County Executive Eugene H. Nickerson , County Supervisor Michael N. Petito introduced legislation to the Board of Supervisors to allow

12416-534: The plan. In February 2012, Veolia announced service cuts and adjustments to take effect in April 2012. While there were no route cancellations planned, just over $ 7 million in cuts to existing routes were planned, with service reductions and route concentrations planned for routes primarily serving northern and eastern Nassau County, beginning in spring 2012, with resources redirected towards busier routes. These cuts ultimately included decreased service on 30 routes, including

12544-457: The planned takeover said that Nassau's bus ridership had decreased by 112 percent in the previous year. The report said takeover would allow for the acquisition of new buses, including 50 new buses immediately, a revised fare structure including lower fares in many cases, and rationalized and expanded bus service, including the coordination of routes and schedules with those of the LIRR. The County Board of Supervisors voted to take over ownership of

12672-416: The population of the three western towns (Flushing, Jamaica, and Newtown) exceeded that of the three eastern towns that are now part of Nassau County. Concerns were raised about the condition of the old courthouse and the inconvenience of travel and accommodations, with the three eastern and three western towns divided on the location for the construction of a new one. Around 1874, the seat of county government

12800-482: The population, (as compared to 2% of the total U.S. population). Italian Americans also made up a large portion of Nassau's population. The five most reported ancestries were Italian (23%), Irish (14%), German (7%), Indian (5%), and Polish (4%). The county's population was highest at the 1970 U.S. census . More recently, a Little India community has emerged in Hicksville , Nassau County, spreading eastward from

12928-455: The population. In 2019, Nassau County's racial and ethnic makeup was 58.2% non-Hispanic white, 11.3% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 10.3% Asian, 0.7% some other race, and 1.9% two or more races. The Hispanic and Latin American population increased to 17.5% of the population. In 2011, there were about 230,000 Jewish people in Nassau County, representing 17.2% of

13056-480: The primary east–west controlled-access highways in Nassau County. Northern Boulevard (New York State Route 25A), Hillside Avenue (New York State Route 25B), Jericho Turnpike (New York State Route 25), New York State Route 24 , and Sunrise Highway (New York State Route 27) are also major east–west commercial thoroughfares across the county. The Meadowbrook State Parkway , Wantagh State Parkway , and Seaford-Oyster Bay Expressway (New York State Route 135) are

13184-516: The project. Most of the funds would go to hiring 30 new employees, mainly bus operators. The MSBA wanted to implement the plan at Freeport and Rockville Centre by January 1979, and at Mineola and Lynbrook by June 1979. In November 1978, an MTA spokespersons said that five routes (N51, N53, N59, N79A, N82) might be eliminated as early as January, affecting 5,000 riders, and service on 21 other routes might be cut if Nassau did not provide an additional $ 1.5 million in subsidy. The cuts would cause 20 to 30 of

13312-509: The proposed route changes and on the possible termination of the lease and operating agreement with Nassau County. After reviewing the service cut plans, County Executive Ed Mangano considered severing ties with the MTA and privatizing the Long Island Bus system. A temporary reprieve, via additional state funding, would have sustained service through the end of 2011. In April 2011, the MTA voted to cease all bus service in Nassau County after

13440-414: The region. By 2011, the MTA had averaged 101,981 weekday riders by the time of the agency's exit from operating the service. In 2010, the future of MTA Long Island Bus became uncertain, as the MTA threatened drastic cuts due to Nassau County's disproportionately small contributions to the operation. Since 2000, the MTA had provided a unique subsidy (of $ 24 million in 2011 and over $ 140 million since 2000) to

13568-429: The routes from Freeport and Wantagh) would increase by 25 to 75 cents depending on distance traveled. The new N46, N50, N70, and N74 routes would serve growing industrial areas in the eastern and central portions of the county and a new Hicksville transit hub. On June 11, 1982, the MTA approved these changes, which took effect on June 20. This was the largest increase in bus routes since the MSBA takeover. A public hearing

13696-550: The routes that might need to be cut was an experimental route set up on August 21 between county office buildings in Mineola and the South Shore. Caso announced an agreement with the company on April 23 in which the county would purchase the 20 new buses the company had acquired in 1970 and lease them back to the company, which would have to repay the county within five years. On May 22, 1971, Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) Chairman William J. Ronan committed to Caso that

13824-419: The routes. The agreement with the MTA would be renewed every year, and both sides had the right to end the agreement on 60 days' written notice. On May 30, 1973, Nassau County signed a contract to take over all ten private bus companies in the county. The county would subsidize service until it could become self-sustaining, and would have to pay $ 5.6 million by June 15, which was the original offer it had made to

13952-513: The same general direction. Student fares would be 35 cents on all routes, and 50 cents on routes into Queens. In addition, half fares would be implemented for the handicapped and elderly, and the UniTicket discount program for riders to and from Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) stations would be expanded to be available at all 43 stations on the LIRR served by the MSBA on Long Island, along with Far Rockaway in Queens. Unitickets had been available for sale on

14080-467: The school year from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. for travel to or from school. The Able-Ride paratransit fare is $ 4.00, payable in Able-Ride tickets or exact fare. Fares were increased to $ 2.90 ($ 1.45 for seniors and disabled customers) from $ 2.75 ($ 1.35) on August 20, 2023. Nassau Inter-County Express has two operating depots, one each for its fixed route and paratransit operations, as well as an additional depot that

14208-475: The service. Riders could flag down the buses anywhere along their routes. The routes for the N52 and N53 were determined using LIRR Mail and Ride data. An introductory fare was provided until January 3, 2003. This project followed an unsuccessful attempt by the New York State Department of Transportation, the Town of Islip, Suffolk Transportation, and the Tri-State Transportation Campaign to run

14336-482: The sixth-most populous county in the State of New York, and reflecting an increase of 56,242 (+4.2%) from the 1,339,532 residents enumerated at the 2010 census . Its county seat is Mineola , while the county's largest and most populous town is Hempstead . Situated on western Long Island, the County of Nassau borders New York City's borough of Queens to its west, and Long Island's Suffolk County to its east. It

14464-551: The state was providing $ 400,000 for a year. Schenck said it planned to eliminate all or most service after 9 p.m. and to eliminate weekend service. Saturday service on the N23, N25, and N57B, and Sunday service on the N22B, N24, N32C, N32W, and N33 would be eliminated. Caso announced on June 14, 1972 that the county's 10 private bus operators would be taken over by a public agency for $ 10 million, and would either be operated by an authority set up by

14592-458: The street is in the Town of Hempstead (eastbound drop-off begins at 225th Street, where state maintenance of Jamaica Avenue begins, and westbound pickups occur as far west as 239th Street); and the n31, n31X, n32 and n33, which operate open-door in a portion of Far Rockaway where no other bus service is available. In addition, the n33 operates closed-door within the City of Long Beach, where local service

14720-740: The system was released for public comment. Improvements included a more developed frequency network, the restoration of former services, and new express bus service to Manhattan . Fares can be paid with a MetroCard (including unlimited cards), coins, or on the GoMobile app. Neither dollar bills nor OMNY are accepted on any NICE fixed-route buses. Transfers are available upon request with coins, and are included automatically with MetroCard. The transfers are valid for two hours and can be used on two connecting NICE bus routes. Transfers are also valid on Suffolk County Transit , Long Beach Bus , Huntington Area Rapid Transit (HART) or MTA New York City Transit , with

14848-453: The ten companies on October 30, 1972. The law did not specify whether the county or MTA would operate the bus routes. On December 27, 1972, Nassau County Executive Ralph G. Caso and MTA Chairman William J. Ronan announced the creation of a new MTA subsidiary, the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority, to take over the operations of 10 private bus companies by April 1, 1973. The Nassau County Transportation Commissioner Andrew G. Schiavone would lead

14976-476: The ten operators $ 409,000 in the first six months of the year, and would pay $ 400,000 more through the end of 1972. Caso said he preferred a takeover by the MTA. $ 3 million of the $ 10 million for the takeover would come from the MTA and the state. The county was expected to have to cover the operation's deficit of $ 500,000 to $ 1 million a year. A report by the Nassau County Department of Transportation on

15104-455: The towns of Hempstead , North Hempstead , and the southern part of Oyster Bay , along with parts of the cities of Long Beach and Glen Cove . Non-shuttle routes are designated with a lowercase "n" for Nassau County, with service provided daily (although not all routes operate 7 days a week), and 24-hour service provided on the n40/41 Mineola - Freeport, n4 Merrick Road and n6 Hempstead Turnpike routes. NICE routes operating to Jamaica (being

15232-450: The two office parks to Woodbury Commons Mall at lunch time. The shuttle was expected to reduce car use by about 200 cars a day. On November 18, 2002, LI Bus introduced the Merrick Shuttle routes (N52 and N53) on a pilot basis to connect to the LIRR station and help ease a shortage of parking at the station. Service consisted of approximately 25-minute long western and eastern loops that met LIRR trains during rush hours. Two minibuses provided

15360-555: Was 4,655 inhabitants per square mile (1,797/km ). In the 2010 census, there were 468,346 housing units at an average density of 1,598 per square mile (617/km ). In 2010, the racial makeup of the county was 73.0% White (65.5% non-Hispanic white ), 10.1% African American , 0.2% Native American , 7.6% Asian (3.0% Indian, 1.8% Chinese, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Filipino, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Vietnamese, 0.9% Other Asian), 0.03% Pacific Islander , 5.6% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 15.6% of

15488-434: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94. The average family size was 3.38. In 2010, the population was 23.3% under the age of 18. 18.7% were 62 years of age or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males. In 2019, there were 474,165 housing units and 446,977 family households. From 2015 to 2019, there

15616-483: Was an average of 2.99 persons per household, and 21.4% of the population was under 18 years of age. At the 2019 American Community Survey, Nassau had a median household income of $ 116,100. The per capita income was $ 51,422. About 5.6% of the population lived at or below the poverty line. The median income for a household in the county in 2010 was $ 72,030. and the median income for a family was $ 81,246. These figures had risen to $ 87,658 and $ 101,661 respectively according to

15744-644: Was closed in 2017. Senator Norman J. Levy Transit Facility (originally Mitchel Field Depot) is located at 700 Commercial Avenue in the East Garden City section of Uniondale , and is the headquarters and central garage for Nassau Inter-County Express fixed route service. The garage was initially named after the Mitchel Air Force Base that operated there from 1918 until 1961. All routes are dispatched from this garage. It handles both 60 ft articulated buses and 40 ft buses. The Stewart Avenue Depot

15872-454: Was eliminated on seven routes and cut on three other routes on January 5, 1975 due to the MSBA's budget crisis. Nassau had budgeted $ 5.2 million to fill part of the MSBA's potential deficit of $ 6.8 million in 1975. These cuts were expected to save $ 1 million. Headcount at the MSBA would have to decrease by 25. The MSBA hoped to use federal and state aid to cover the remainder. The N19 would be truncated from Patchogue to Babylon since it operated at

16000-523: Was held on March 15, 1984 on proposed service adjustments. The MSBA proposed eliminating the N69 on March 20, 1984 with service to be replaced by the City of Long Beach. On June 17, 1984, the N56 and N57 Great Neck routes would be discontinued, weekend service would be implemented on the N20, and Sunday N23 service would be extended from Roslyn to Manorhaven to match weekday service. For the 1984 summer season for Jones Beach,

16128-666: Was made by multiple businesses in the complex to the Town of North Hempstead. In December 1985, the route was made permanent. At the time, the route was used by 150 riders a day. On June 22, 1987, rush hour N24 bus service was extended from Roosevelt Field to 90 Merrick Avenue via the Mitchel Field complex, Hempstead Turnpike, and Glenn Curtiss Boulevard. The 1990s saw the creation of a shuttle around Roosevelt Field (N93, now discontinued), two shuttles designed to take customers from train stations to work sites (the N94 and N95, both discontinued), and

16256-507: Was moved to Long Island City from Mineola. As early as 1875, representatives of the three eastern towns began advocating the separation of the three eastern towns from Queens, with some proposals also including the towns of Huntington and Babylon (in Suffolk County). In 1898, the western portion of Queens County became a borough of the City of Greater New York , leaving the eastern portion

16384-611: Was the site of many aviation firsts. Military aviators for both World Wars were trained on the Hempstead Plains at installations such as Mitchel Air Force Base , and a number of successful aircraft companies were established. Charles Lindberg took off for Paris from Roosevelt Field in 1927, completing the first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight from the United States. Grumman (which in 1986 employed 23,000 people on Long Island ) built many planes for World War II, and later contributed

#749250