Yongsan Station is a major railway station in the Yongsan District of Seoul , South Korea. The station adjoins the Yongsan Electronics Market . The station is the terminus for high-speed and long-distance trains on a number of railway lines, including most trains on the Honam Line , its high-speed counterpart , and all trains on the Janghang and Jeolla Lines.
58-447: AREX ( A irport R ailroad Ex press; Korean : 인천국제공항철도 ) is a South Korean airport rail link and commuter rail line that links Incheon International Airport with Seoul Station via Gimpo International Airport . The section between the two airports opened on March 23, 2007, and the line was extended to Seoul Station on December 29, 2010. Long-distance Korea Train Express high speed trains started to use
116-465: A food court and a Burger King restaurant. In the higher floors some of the restaurants include: KFC , Lotteria , Outback Steakhouse and many Korean and Japanese restaurants. Other outlets, such as Starbucks , Dunkin' Donuts , and Baskin Robbins , are also available. A duty-free store operated by HDC Shilla opened its doors in 2016, and the entire I'Park Mall underwent a major expansion in 2017. There
174-692: A 2+2 configuration, as well as overhead luggage shelves, additional luggage racks, an onboard restroom, and complimentary WiFi. The transition between cars are separated by transparent sliding doors. Commuter trains are similar to regular metro trains with seats along the walls but do not have overhead shelves. These are open gangway trains, with no separating doors between cars. Commuter trains offer seating for 282 passengers and standing room for 630 passengers. Both train types offer disabled seats and are equipped with LCD screens for passenger information, including flight arrivals and departures. Both non-stop Express and all-stops commuter services are operated. With
232-484: A Korean influence on Khitan. The hypothesis that Korean could be related to Japanese has had some supporters due to some overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as Samuel E. Martin and Roy Andrew Miller . Sergei Starostin (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list . Some linguists concerned with
290-477: A core vowel. The IPA symbol ⟨ ◌͈ ⟩ ( U+0348 ◌͈ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW ) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/ . Its official use in the extensions to the IPA is for "strong" articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice . The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice , but it is not yet known how typical this
348-567: A dedicated boarding lounge at Incheon Airport Terminal 1, and exclusive use of Seoul Station's City Airport Terminal when departing. All seats on the AREX Express trains are reserved, with receipts displaying the assigned car and seat numbers for passengers alongside their tickets. AREX-Express trains do not stop at Gimpo International Airport. To access Gimpo International Airport from both Seoul Station and Incheon International Airport, passengers need to travel on an all-stops train. The opening of
406-550: A direct connection at the Gimpo International Airport Station starting in 2020, providing a through service from Incheon International Airport to the Gangnam area with a travel time of about one hour. AREX operates two types of trains, one for commuter and one for express services, both supplied by Hyundai Rotem . Three 1000 series express trains and nine 2000 series commuter trains were delivered for phase 1 of
464-541: A later founder effect diminished the internal variety of both language families. Since the establishment of two independent governments, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation and vocabulary chosen. However, these minor differences can be found in any of the Korean dialects , which are still largely mutually intelligible . The Chinese language , written with Chinese characters and read with Sino-Xenic pronunciations ,
522-436: A maximum 100 km/h (62 mph) in tunnels. Each car has a length of 19.95 m (65 ft 5 in) and a width of 3.12 m (10 ft 3 in), with a carbody made of aluminium . The commuter version has four pairs of sliding doors on each side of each car, the express version has two pairs of sliding doors on each side of each car. Express trains have 272 high-back forward and rear-facing seats with armrests in
580-562: A possible relationship.) Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre- Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also known as Amuric ) were once distributed on the Korean Peninsula before the arrival of Koreanic speakers. Korean syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), consisting of an optional onset consonant, glide /j, w, ɰ/ and final coda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding
638-603: Is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since the end of World War II and the Korean War . Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic , Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense . Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean , which in turn descends from Old Korean , which descends from
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#1732845334838696-665: Is also served by metro rail on Line 1 and the Gyeongui–Jungang Line on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway . The station is scheduled to become a transfer station with the Shinbundang Line in 2025. Once the Shinbundang Line station at Yongsan becomes operational, Yongsan Station will become connected with Sinyongsan Station on Line 4 . In 2004, a major cinema opened adjacent to the station. In August 2006,
754-656: Is an agglutinative language . The Korean language is traditionally considered to have nine parts of speech . Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question 가게에 gage-e store- LOC 가셨어요? ga-syeo-sseo-yo go- HON . PAST - CONJ - POL 가게에 가셨어요? gage-e ga-syeo-sseo-yo store-LOC go-HON.PAST-CONJ-POL 'Did [you] go to
812-511: Is closer to a near-open central vowel ( [ɐ] ), though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition. Grammatical morphemes may change shape depending on the preceding sounds. Examples include -eun/-neun ( -은/-는 ) and -i/-ga ( -이/-가 ). Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples include -eul/-reul ( -을/-를 ), -euro/-ro ( -으로/-로 ), -eseo/-seo ( -에서/-서 ), -ideunji/-deunji ( -이든지/-든지 ) and -iya/-ya ( -이야/-야 ). Some verbs may also change shape morphophonemically. Korean
870-399: Is mainly reserved for specific circumstances such as newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation. Today Hanja is largely unused in everyday life but is still important for historical and linguistic studies. The Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in both South Korea and North Korea. The English word "Korean" is derived from Goryeo , which is thought to be
928-399: Is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. /s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] before [j] or [i] for most speakers (but see North–South differences in the Korean language ). This occurs with
986-534: Is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea . Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China , namely Jilin , and specifically Yanbian Prefecture , and Changbai County . It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin , the Russian island just north of Japan, and by
1044-716: Is well attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryukyuan languages , in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three dialects of the Southern Ryukyuan language group . Also, the doublet wo meaning "hemp" is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. (See Classification of the Japonic languages or Comparison of Japanese and Korean for further details on
1102-511: The Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia . The language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family . Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria . The hierarchy of the society from which
1160-523: The yangban aristocracy, who looked down upon it too easy to learn. However, it gained widespread use among the common class and was widely used to print popular novels which were enjoyed by the common class. Since few people could understand official documents written in classical Chinese, Korean kings sometimes released public notices entirely written in Hangul as early as the 16th century for all Korean classes, including uneducated peasants and slaves. By
1218-570: The Proto-Koreanic language , which is generally suggested to have its linguistic homeland somewhere in Manchuria . Whitman (2012) suggests that the proto-Koreans, already present in northern Korea, expanded into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at around 300 BC and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and
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#17328453348381276-481: The Seoul Station City Airport Terminal on the western side of Seoul Station , which include facilities to check in and x-ray baggage, receive exit stamps from an onsite Korean Immigration Service officer, and permit expedited security screening once at Incheon. The AREX line is shown on Seoul subway maps as sky blue, often bisected with orange striping. AREX was originally not considered part of
1334-557: The Three Kingdoms of Korea (not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula), while " -eo " and " -mal " mean "language" and "speech", respectively. Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo , literally "national language". This name is based on the same Han characters ( 國語 "nation" + "language") that are also used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China ,
1392-868: The 17th century, the yangban had exchanged Hangul letters with slaves, which suggests a high literacy rate of Hangul during the Joseon era. In the context of growing Korean nationalism in the 19th century, the Gabo Reform of 1894 abolished the Confucian examinations and decreed that government documents would be issued in Hangul instead of literary Chinese. Some newspapers were published entirely in Hangul, but other publications used Korean mixed script , with Hanja for Sino-Korean vocabulary and Hangul for other elements. North Korea abolished Hanja in writing in 1949, but continues to teach them in schools. Their usage in South Korea
1450-408: The 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters ( jamo ) and 27 complex letters formed from the basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only a spoken language . Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports . As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as a foreign language )
1508-560: The South Korean rolling stock manufacturing company Rotem , which also supplied the technology for the KTX high-speed rail system. The line and the operating company was renamed AREX in June 2006. The first 37.6 km (23.4 mi) segment from Incheon International Airport Terminal 1 to Gimpo International Airport opened on March 23, 2007. This makes AREX the first dedicated airport rail link and
1566-622: The airport was suspended because of low ridership and the suspension became permanent in September 2018 as the line was officially abolished. At the time of the 2018 Winter Olympics , the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport reported at 15% demand on weekdays. After the opening of the first phase, in 2007, a ticket for a ride from Gimpo International Airport to Incheon International Airport cost ₩ 3,100, both on commuter and express services. This fare increased in steps to ₩3,500 by
1624-455: The beginnings of words. /l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/ . A written syllable-final ' ㄹ ', when followed by a vowel or a glide ( i.e. , when the next character starts with ' ㅇ '), migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ] . Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j] , and otherwise became /n/ . However,
1682-526: The end of 2010, then was reduced to ₩3,300 for commuter trains when the second phase opened. The fare for express services, which travel the full Seoul–Incheon International Airport distance non-stop from the opening of the second phase in December 2010, was set at ₩13,300; while the fare for commuter services on the full distance was set at ₩3,700. This competes against a price of around ₩10,000 on buses, ₩67,500 on taxis, and about ₩15,500 with private car. By 2022,
1740-413: The exception of Gongdeok station, which was planned to open around early 2011, but was delayed to November 29, 2011. Phase 3 of the line was opened in September 2018. During phase 3 Magongnaru station was opened. The city of Incheon requested that AREX add three new stations at Cheongna International City , Yeongjong , and Yongyu . The stations were originally planned to open with the second phase of
1798-499: The fares for the full length of the AREX line settled on ₩4,750 for commuter trains, and ₩9,500 for Express service and both require an additional ₩500 deposit if traveling by a single use card. Vending machines for local trains accept Korean Won only. Vending machines for Express train tickets take Korean Won and Korean credit cards. Passengers travelling with foreign credit cards must purchase their tickets from staffed ticket windows. After
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1856-399: The first Korean dynasty known to Western nations. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram or Koryo-in (literally, " Koryo/Goryeo persons"), and call the language Koryo-mal' . Some older English sources also use the spelling "Corea" to refer to the nation, and its inflected form for the language, culture and people, "Korea" becoming more popular in
1914-479: The inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ (mostly from English loanwords) are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l] . All obstruents (plosives, affricates, fricatives) at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release , [p̚, t̚, k̚] . Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ become nasals [m, n, ŋ] before nasal sounds. Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains
1972-408: The issue between Japanese and Korean, including Alexander Vovin, have argued that the indicated similarities are not due to any genetic relationship , but rather to a sprachbund effect and heavy borrowing, especially from Ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese . A good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asá , meaning " hemp ". This word seems to be a cognate, but although it
2030-618: The language is most often called Joseon-mal , or more formally, Joseon-o . This is taken from the North Korean name for Korea (Joseon), a name retained from the Joseon dynasty until the proclamation of the Korean Empire , which in turn was annexed by the Empire of Japan . In mainland China , following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term Cháoxiǎnyǔ or
2088-466: The language originates deeply influences the language, leading to a system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation. Modern Korean is written in the Korean script ( 한글 ; Hangeul in South Korea, 조선글 ; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during the 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until
2146-451: The late 1800s. In South Korea the Korean language is referred to by many names including hanguk-eo ("Korean language"), hanguk-mal ("Korean speech") and uri-mal ("our language"); " hanguk " is taken from the name of the Korean Empire ( 대한제국 ; 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ). The " han " ( 韓 ) in Hanguk and Daehan Jeguk is derived from Samhan , in reference to
2204-609: The line from June 30, 2014, but discontinued the service in March 2018 due to low ridership. The line was initially announced in July 1998 as the Incheon International Airport Railroad (인천국제공항철도), abbreviated IREX ( I ncheon Airport R ailroad Ex press) which can be seen on the railings of overhead crossings by the line. The project was launched as South Korea's first build-operate-transfer (BOT) franchise. The concession
2262-411: The line is underground, and reaches Incheon International Airport on Yeongjong Island via the lower deck of Yeongjong Bridge , a combined road-rail bridge. IIARCo contracted project management and the supply of equipment and trains, altogether worth about € 400 million, to Incheon Korean French Consortium (IKFC). This consortium includes French company Alstom , its South Korean subsidiary Eukorail, and
2320-563: The line is underground, rising to the surface to cross the Han River on the Magok Railway Bridge before descending underground for the final time. This section was built in a cut and cover tunnel running parallel to Susaek and Gajwa before connecting with Hongik University and Gongdeok , then diving to terminate deep underground on the west side of Seoul Station . The second phase opened for regular service on December 29, 2010, with
2378-407: The line to Seoul Station. As early as the first week, average daily ridership more than doubled, from 27,210 to 58,000. As of September 2013, the all-stops commuter service has approximately 150,000 passengers per day, while the non-stop express service sees only around 2,000 passengers. Korean language Korean ( South Korean : 한국어 , Hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선어 , Chosŏnŏ )
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2436-683: The line, but were delayed due to delays in the real estate development projects the stations were to serve. Cheongna International City station, located west of Geomam was opened on June 21, 2014. Yeongjong station, located near the eastern part of the airport island, opened on March 26, 2016. The station was constructed as a station shell with two side platforms only, but underwent a conversion to fit in two outer tracks on each platform to allow for bypass moves. Earlier plans to link Yongsan station have been dropped. However, KTX service began to run from Yongsan Station to Incheon International Airport on June 30, 2014. These trains stop at two stations along
2494-399: The line: Geomam & Incheon International Airport . In March 2018, KTX service to Incheon Airport was suspended due to low ridership. The suspension became permanent in September 2018 as the line was officially abolished. On September 1, 2010, the South Korean government announced a strategic plan to reduce travel times from Seoul to 95% of the country to under 2 hours by 2020. As part of
2552-635: The opening of the first phase, journeys from Incheon International Airport to Gimpo International Airport took 28 minutes on express services and 33 minutes on commuter services. Following the opening of the second phase, Seoul–Incheon International Airport travel time on half-hourly Express services is 43 minutes to Terminal 1. The all-stops commuter service, which runs at a frequency of up to one train every 6 minutes, takes 53 minutes. This compares with an average travel time of 70 minutes on buses and 60 minutes in taxis or private cars. Express train passengers boarding certain airlines can check in to their flights at
2610-413: The opening of the first phase, ridership has been far below expectations. Actual ridership in 2008 was around 16,000 passengers/day, or only around 7% of the forecast 230,000, necessitating subsidies of ₩166 billion. Hyundai had originally forecast ridership of up to 490,000/day when the link to Seoul Station is completed. However, ridership rose significantly after the start of service on the second phase of
2668-414: The plan, the AREX line is to be further upgraded to handle 230 km/h (143 mph) speed limits. Incheon International Airport opened Terminal 2 on January 18, 2018, though the AREX line was extended to the terminal's station 5 days earlier. This brings the whole line to a length of 63.8 km (39.6 mi). There is currently a proposal for Seoul Subway Line 9 to combine with the AREX line via
2726-507: The population was illiterate. In the 15th century King Sejong the Great personally developed an alphabetic featural writing system , known today as Hangul , to promote literacy among the common people. Introduced in the document Hunminjeongeum , it was called eonmun ('colloquial script') and quickly spread nationwide to increase literacy in Korea. The Korean alphabet was denounced by
2784-423: The project, and original plans foresaw a doubling of their numbers for the second phase. Both trains are six-car electric multiple units , which can be expanded to eight cars in the future. End cars and the fourth car are trailers, the second, third and fifth car are powered. The trains have a design speed of 120 km/h (75 mph), but are operated at a maximum 110 km/h (68 mph) on surface tracks and
2842-627: The second phase in 2010 allowed passengers to connect directly from KTX to AREX services at Seoul Station, rather than requiring a subway connection at Gimpo. In November 2013, the AREX- Gyeongui Line direct connection was completed, and on June 30, 2014, KTX trains started full service on the AREX line to Incheon. The expected travel time at construction was 2 hours 41 minutes to Busan and 3 hours to Gwangju , but as of 2015, actual travel times were roughly 3 hours to Gwangju and slightly over 3.5 to Busan. In late March 2018, KTX service to and from
2900-489: The second railway line in the Korean Peninsula (after Seoul Subway Line 5 ) to directly serve an airport. In March 2009, Korail acquired an 88.8% share of the company. Upon the acquisition, the operating company changed its name to Korail Airport Railroad as of November 30, 2009. Phase 2 of the line runs from Gimpo International Airport to Seoul Station , which increased the length to 58 km (36 mi). At Gimpo
2958-660: The short form Cháoyǔ has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian , whereas Hánguóyǔ or the short form Hányǔ is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Korean is a member of the Koreanic family along with the Jeju language . Some linguists have included it in the Altaic family, but the core Altaic proposal itself has lost most of its prior support. The Khitan language has several vocabulary items similar to Korean that are not found in other Mongolian or Tungusic languages, suggesting
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#17328453348383016-549: The store?' Response 예/네. ye/ne AFF Yongsan station Prior to 2004, all long-distance trains serving Seoul terminated at the nearby Seoul Station , but with the opening of the Korea Train Express (KTX) , Yongsan Station took over some of Seoul's services. On February 28, 2012, ITX-Cheongchun trains began service between this station and Chuncheon station on the Gyeongchun Line . Yongsan station
3074-658: The subway network, but following the majority buyout by Korail , who operates many of Seoul's subway lines, the commuter line was fully integrated with the rest of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system. There are now free transfers for all Seoul and Incheon metro lines it crosses paths with. AREX Express train stations and ticket windows are easily by their distinct orange color scheme. AREX Express trains offer 2+2 configured reclining seating, ample luggage storage, free WiFi, onboard service attendants and electronic entertainment screens. AREX Express passengers have access to connecting shuttle buses at Seoul Station to partner hotels, to
3132-441: The tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ changes to /t/ (example: beoseot ( 버섯 ) 'mushroom'). /h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] before [o] or [u] , a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i] , a velar [x] before [ɯ] , a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere. /p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds. /m, n/ frequently denasalize at
3190-464: The underlying, partly historical morphology . Given this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in a certain word. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /ɾ/ became a morphological rule called "initial law" ( 두음법칙 ) in the pronunciation standards of South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /ɾ/ in the pronunciation standards of North Korea. For example, ^NOTE ㅏ
3248-536: The whole station building was made into a large department store, called I'Park Mall. The building now includes the railway station, subway station, the CGV cinema and several restaurants and shops, as well as housing the first building of the Yongsan Electronics Market. There is a bridge connecting I'Park Mall and the Yongsan Electronics Market. On floors B-1 and B-2 there is a very large E-Mart store along with
3306-487: Was first introduced to Korea in the 1st century BC, and remained the medium of formal writing and government until the late 19th century. Korean scholars adapted Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja ) to write their own language, creating scripts known as idu , hyangchal , gugyeol , and gakpil. These systems were cumbersome, due to the fundamental disparities between the Korean and Chinese languages, and accessible only to those educated in classical Chinese. Most of
3364-564: Was won by a consortium of 11 Korean companies, which incorporated as the Incheon International Airport Railroad Company (IIARCo) in March 2001. The original main shareholders were Hyundai (27%), POSCO (11.9%), Daelim (10%), Dongbu (10%) and the Korean National Railroad (9.9%). After significant delays, construction of the line started in 2001, after the opening of Incheon Airport. About 60% of
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