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21-581: FAO first published AGROVOC at the beginning of the 1980s in English, Spanish and French to serve as a controlled vocabulary to index publications in agricultural science and technology, especially for the International System for Agricultural Science and Technology ( AGRIS ). In the 1990s, AGROVOC shifted from paper printing to a digital format opting for data storage handled by a relational database. In 2004, preliminary experiments with expressing AGROVOC into

42-615: A corresponding full text document on the web which can easily be retrieved by Google. On 5 December 2013 AGRIS 2.0 was released. AGRIS 2.0 is at the same time: Access to the AGRIS Repository is provided through the AGRIS Search Engine. As such, it: AGRIS data was converted to RDF and the resulting linked dataset created some 200 million triples. AGRIS is also registered in the Data Hub at [1] The AGRIS partners contributing to

63-429: A reference for translations. Moreover, it finds applications in fields such as data mining, big data, or artificial intelligence. Updated AGROVOC content is released once a month and is available for public use. FAO coordinates the editorial activities related to the maintenance of AGROVOC. Content curation is carried out by a community of editors and institutions responsible for each of the language versions. VocBench,

84-517: Is licensed under the international Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-4.0). AGRIS AGRIS ( International System for Agricultural Science and Technology ) is a global public domain database with more than 12 million structured bibliographical records on agricultural science and technology. It became operational in 1975 and the database was maintained by Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development, and its content

105-602: Is provided by more than 150 participating institutions from 65 countries. The AGRIS Search system, allows scientists, researchers and students to perform sophisticated searches using keywords from the AGROVOC thesaurus, specific journal titles or names of countries, institutions, and authors. As information management flourished in the 1970s, the AGRIS metadata corpus was developed to allow its users to have free access to knowledge available in agricultural science and technology. AGRIS

126-505: Is the tool used to edit and maintain AGROVOC in a distributed way. FAO also facilitates the technical maintenance of AGROVOC. Copyright for AGROVOC content in FAO languages (English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian and Chinese) is held by FAO, while content in other languages stays with the institutions that authored it. AGROVOC thesaurus content in English, Russian, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese

147-628: Is using OAI-PMH to expose content to web crawlers that is accessible from Apache Web servers . OAI-PMH has later been applied to sharing of scientific data. OAI-PMH is based on a client–server architecture, in which "harvesters" request information on updated records from "repositories". Requests for data can be based on a datestamp range, and can be restricted to named sets defined by the provider. Data providers are required to provide XML metadata in Dublin Core format, and may also provide it in other XML formats. A number of software systems support

168-563: Is usually just referred to as the OAI Protocol. OAI-PMH uses XML over HTTP . Version 2.0 of the protocol was released in 2002; the document was last updated in 2015. It has a Creative Commons license BY-SA. In the late 1990s, Herbert Van de Sompel ( Ghent University ) was working with researchers and librarians at Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) and called a meeting to address difficulties related to interoperability issues of e-print servers and digital repositories . The meeting

189-584: The Digital Library Federation provided funding to establish an Open Archives Initiative (OAI) secretariat managed by Herbert Van de Sompel and Carl Lagoze. The OAI held a meeting at Cornell University ( Ithaca, New York ) in September 2000 aimed to improve the interface developed at the Santa Fe Convention. The specifications were refined over e-mail. OAI-PMH version 1.0 was introduced to

210-661: The Web Ontology Language (OWL) took place. At the same time a web based editing tool was developed, then called WorkBench, nowadays VocBench. In 2009 AGROVOC became an SKOS resource. Today, AGROVOC is available in different languages. It is employed for tagging resources, allowing searches in a specific language while providing results in many others, enhancing their visibility worldwide. Additionally, it serves for organizing knowledge to facilitate subsequent data retrieval, tagging website content for search engine discovery, standardizing agricultural information data and acting as

231-549: The ACM Digital Libraries conference, at the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries and elsewhere to share the ideas from the Santa Fe Convention. It was discovered at the workshops that the problems faced by the e-print community were also shared by libraries, museums, journal publishers, and others who needed to share distributed resources. To address these needs, the Coalition for Networked Information and

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252-592: The AGRIS AP metadata was accordingly created in order to allow exchange and retrieval of Agricultural information Resources. AGRIS covers the wide range of subjects related to agriculture science and technology, including forestry, animal husbandry, aquatic sciences and fisheries, human nutrition, and extension. Its content includes unique grey literature such as unpublished scientific and technical reports, theses, conference papers, government publications, and more. A growing number (around 20%) of bibliographical records have

273-583: The AGRIS Database use several formats for exchanging data, including simple DC, from OAI-PMH systems. The AGRIS AP format is anyway adopted directly by: Falling under the umbrella of CIARD, a joint initiative co-led by the CGIAR, GFAR and FAO , the new AGRIS aims to promote the sharing and management of agricultural science and technology information through the use of common standards and methodologies. These will incorporate Web 2.0 features, in order to make

294-712: The OAI-PMH, including Fedora , EThOS from the British Library , GNU EPrints from the University of Southampton , Open Journal Systems from the Public Knowledge Project , Desire2Learn , DSpace from MIT , HyperJournal from the University of Pisa , Digibib from Digibis, MyCoRe , Koha , Primo, DigiTool, Rosetta and MetaLib from Ex Libris , ArchivalWare from PTFS, DOOR from the eLab in Lugano, Switzerland, panFMP from

315-584: The monitoring, describing and classifying of existing services, whilst benchmarking them against interoperability criteria, to ensure for maximum outreach and global availability. OAI-PMH The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting ( OAI-PMH ) is a protocol developed for harvesting metadata descriptions of records in an archive so that services can be built using metadata from many archives. An implementation of OAI-PMH must support representing metadata in Dublin Core , but may also support additional representations. The protocol

336-922: The public in January 2001 at a workshop in Washington D.C. , and another in February in Berlin, Germany . Subsequent modifications to the XML standard by the W3C required making minor modifications to OAI-PMH resulting in version 1.1. The current version, 2.0, was released in June 2002. It contained several technical changes and enhancements and is not backward compatible. From 2001 CERN , and later in collaboration with University of Geneva , has organized bi-annual OAI workshops, which over time have developed to cover most aspects of open science . Since 2021

357-503: The search experience as comprehensive, intuitive and far-reaching as possible for users of the new AGRIS. Furthermore, the new AGRIS will also leverage the data and infrastructure of one of CIARD's projects: the CIARD RING. An acronym standing for Routemap to Information Nodes and Gateways (RING), the CIARD RING project is led by GFAR and it aims to: A directory of ARD (Agricultural Research for Development) information services will allow

378-618: The workshop series is named the Geneva Workshop on Innovations in Scholarly Communication, with the nick name OAI reflecting its origin. Some commercial search engines use OAI-PMH to acquire more resources. Google initially included support for OAI-PMH when launching sitemaps, however decided to support only the standard XML Sitemaps format in May 2008. In 2004, Yahoo! acquired content from OAIster ( University of Michigan ) that

399-675: Was developed to be an international cooperative system to serve both developed and developing countries . With the advent of the Internet, along with the promises offered by open access publishing, there was growing awareness that the management of agricultural science and technology information, would have various facets: standards and methodologies for interoperability and facilitation of knowledge exchange; tools to enable information management specialists to process data; information and knowledge exchange across countries. Common interoperability criteria were thus adopted in its implementation, and

420-509: Was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico , in October 1999. A key development from the meeting was the definition of an interface that permitted e-print servers to expose metadata for the papers it held in a structured fashion so other repositories could identify and copy papers of interest with each other. This interface/protocol was named the "Santa Fe Convention". Several workshops were held in 2000 at

441-572: Was obtained through metadata harvesting with OAI-PMH. Wikimedia uses an OAI-PMH repository to provide feeds of Misplaced Pages and related site updates for search engines and other bulk analysis/republishing endeavors. Especially when dealing with thousands of files being harvested every day, OAI-PMH can help in reducing the network traffic and other resource usage by doing incremental harvesting. NASA's Mercury metadata search system uses OAI-PMH to index thousands of metadata records from Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) every day. The mod_oai project

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